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Term 1

Scheduling Method

Definition 1

Scheduling Method: the techniqueselected for use in developing the

schedule model; CPM (ADM or PDM)f,Critical Chain, etc (this is closely

aligned with the selection ofappropriate scheduling software).

Term 2

Schedule Model

Definition 2

Schedule Model: the full set of dataused to develop the schedule with itsinherent logic, durations, resources,

calendars, etc. This is closelyintegrated with the characteristics ofthe scheduling software selected forthe project. The schedule model will

be developed and maintained inaccordance with the agreed schedule

design and specification as the projectprogresses.

Term 3

Baseline

Definition 3

The Baseline is a particular instanceof the schedule used for comparingthe current status with the approved

schedule objectives. The baselineshould only be changed for variationsin scope and then only to the extent

necessary to properly adjust thebaseline for the scope change.

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Term 4

Instances of the Project Schedule

Definition 4

Instances of the Project Schedule: Aprinted or stored version of the

schedule model as at a point in timeor stage of development. Instances

do not change and should be uniquelynamed whereas the Schedule Model

is expected to be developed,maintained, statused, updated and

revised as the project progresses (inaccord with the projects change

management policies).

Term 5

CPM

Definition 5

Critical Path Method, this includesADM and PDM but not PERT

Term 6

ADM

Definition 6

Arrow Diagramming Method orActivity-on-Arrow




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Term 7

PDM

Definition 7

Precedence Diagramming Method orActivity-on-Node

Term 8

WBS

Definition 8

Work Breakdown Structure

Term 9

What do you have to take into accountfor Project Calendars & Work Periods

Definition 9

The number of working days in aweek.

The number of shifts to be workedeach day.

The number of hours to be workedeach shift or day.

Any periods of scheduled overtime

work or non-working time (egholidays)




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Term 10

The Who, What, When, How

Definition 10

Who will undertake the work(resources)

What work is to be doneWhen is should be done

How to do the work is defined by specdocuments

Term 11

Forward Pass

Definition 11A start date is assigned to the start

milestone and then moving

throughout the network from activityto activity (from left to right) and in the

sequence defined by the logicalrelationships start and finish dates are

calculated for each activity andmilestone as determined by their

defined durations. The start and finishdates on each activity are called theearly dates and when the analysisreaches the end of the network it

establishes the earliest possible finish

date for the project.Term 12

Early Dates

Definition 12

Established by the Forward Pass. It isthe earliest an activity can start/finish

based on the logic of the schedule




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Term 13

Backward Pass

Definition 13A finish date is assigned to the end

milestone (or last activity). This couldbe the same date as the one calculatedby the forward pass or a different dateapplied as a constraint. The analysis

process then works back through thenetwork, from right to left, until it

arrives back at the start milestone andanother set of start and finish dates

have been calculated for each activity.This is called the backward pass and

establishes the late dates for eachactivity and milestone.

Term 14

Late Dates

Definition 14

Established by the Backward Pass. Itis the latest an activity can start/finishbased on the final activity and logic of

the schedule

Term 15

Total Float

Definition 15

Typically Total Float is calculated bysubtracting the early start date from

the late finish date and then deductingthe duration ([EFT - EST] - Dur).




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Term 16

Free Float

Definition 16

Free float is calculated by subtracting

the early finish date of the activityfrom the earliest start date of any of its

successors. Free float is nevernegative.

Term 17

The traditional governmentalcontracting process in the United

States is:A. Design, build, and operate

B. Design, bid, buildC. EPC

D. Design, build

Definition 17

B. Design, bid, build

Term 18

Critical delivery dates are referred toas

A. Milestones.B. Phases.

C. Substantial completion.

D. Flags.

Definition 18

A. Milestones




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Term 19

When a planner-scheduler iscollecting information about the

project during the initial planningcycle, which information is of

GREATEST value?A. Contract specifications.

B. The contractors pre-bid site visitmeeting minutes and notes.

C. The contracts Changes clause.D. A detailed scope of work statement

Definition 19

D. A detailed scope of work statement.

Term 20

Describe the difference betweencontract types and delivery methods

Definition 20

Contracts define the financial terms ofa relationship between an owner and a

contractor, whilethe delivery method describes the

method of management the contractorwill use to perform the

work

Term 21

Describe what milestones are.

Definition 21

Milestones are interim completiondates that are either contract driven or

contractor self-imposedto measure progress or trigger

subsequent work activities. Theirachievement may earn progress

payments for the contractor.




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Term 22

Project architects are:

A. StakeholdersB. Developers

C. ActivistsD. Special interest groups

Definition 22

A. Stakeholders

Term 23

Which is NOT normally considered astakeholder on a Greenfield chemical

plant project?A. Shop owners in an enclosed mallthree miles downwind of the project.

B. The owners project bankersengineer.

C. A third-tier electrical subcontractor.

E. The employee-owned contractor

Definition 23

A. Shop owners on an enclosed mallthree miles downwind of the project

Term 24All project stakeholders provide inputdata and information during the initial

planning process toset the overall project duration?

A. Absolutely true.B. Absolutely false.

C. Only by analyzing the contract canone determine if a change in duration

is allowed.

F. Only the project owner-client mayset the overall duration, and this isoften driven by

marketing and businessconsiderations.

Definition 24

B. Absolutely false.




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Term 25

Name the three levels of governmentor public agencies in the US.

Definition 25

Federal, state and local.

Term 26Which should not be a reason whysuperintendent and subcontractors

are included duringplanning phase?

A. They have more immediate buy-into project plan.

B. Planning phase is a theoreticalexercise and their input is not needed

until the executionphase.

C. Accuracy of a resultant plan isimproved through brainstorming.

D. Management expectations

regarding plan are transmitted to theteam (alignment).

Definition 26

B. Planning phase is a theoreticalexercise, and their input is not needed

until execution phase.

Term 27Constructability, in terms of schedule

modeling, is best defined as:A. Understanding how the contractorsplan defines overall project duration.B. Understanding how the owners

arbitrary completion milestones willdrive resource

utilization.

C. How the contract specifies allaspects and phasing of work.D. The input data necessary to

understand the various means andmethods alternatives to

accomplish and execute a project.

Definition 27

D. The input data necessary tounderstand the various means and

methods alternatives to

accomplish and execute a project.




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Term 28

Constructability takes into account allbut:

A. Location, logistics, and resourceavailability analysis.

B. The average price of general laborin the area.

C. Quality inspections andcompliance.

D. Labor productivity studies fromprevious similar projects in the area

Definition 28

C. Quality inspections andcompliance.

Term 29

True or False: During aconstructability analysis, the

availability of specified materials isdetermined?

Definition 29

True

Term 30

True or False: A constructabilityanalysis is only performed during the

initial planning stage ofdesign?

Definition 30

False




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Term 31

What are some different methods ofconstructability enhancement?

Definition 31

Modularization, pre-fabrication, pre-assembly

Term 32

What is the purpose of aconstructability analysis?

Definition 32

Reduce time and cost to construct aproject

Term 33

When is the optimum time to performconstructability analysis?

Definition 33

Constructability can be performedthroughout the project, but the most

favorable impact is fromconstructor input during the planningphase to best enable a constructible

design.




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Term 34

During the planning process for acapital project, which is NOT a

consideration?A. Religious holidays.

B. Local country language.C. Education and skill level of local

craft labor.D. None of the above.

Definition 34

D. None of the above.

Term 35

Material resource considerationsinclude all except:

A. AvailabilityB. InstallationC. Crew skills

D. Timing of delivery

Definition 35

C. Crew skills.

Term 36

Which of the following is NOT aconstraining resource?

A. Labor availabilityB. Scheduling software

C. Material delivery

D. Craft skill levels

Definition 36

B. Scheduling software.




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Term 37

True or False: On constructionprojects, labor and equipment areconsidered limitless resources?

Definition 37

False

Term 38

True or False: The physicalconstraints of a jobsite can impose a

limit on the amount ofsimultaneous equipment usage?

Definition 38

True

Term 39

List three types of resources.

Definition 39

Labor, equipment and materials.




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Term 40

Describe how resources can influencea project.

Definition 40

Resources can influence a project dueto availability, labor skill level, and

social aspects.

Term 41

Describe the VE process, especially asit relates to the planning and

scheduling process

Definition 41

VE provides functional and projectalternatives that are part of the

strategic planning process

Term 42

List the six phases of VE

Definition 42

Information, function analysis,creativity, evaluation, development,

and evaluation.




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Term 43

True or False: The information phaseof VE occurs during design

development?

Definition 43

True

Term 44

True or False: The VE process startswith the submittal of bid price?

Definition 44

False

Term 45Which of the following documents is

probably of LEAST value whenplanning a contractors

baseline critical path schedule forconstruction of a high-rise building on

a remote South Pacificresort island for a private developer?

The contract has been awarded.A. Specifications as found in the

contract document.B. The local governments report onfuture resort projects on the island.C. International Building Codes asreferenced in the contract document.

D. A project-specific geotechnicalreport.

Definition 45

B. The local governments report onfuture resort projects on the island.




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Term 46

Which of the following is NOTnormally considered a project

stakeholder?

A. Project supplier to a subcontractor.B. Client or owner.

C. Project consultant or engineer.D. Non-governmental organizations

(NGOs)E. Local news media

Definition 46

E. Local news media.

Term 47

What should one do with stakeholderconsiderations?

Definition 47

Determined, evaluated, and resolved.

Term 48

What are some examples ofconsiderations that should be

evaluated?

Definition 48

Cash flow, timeframe, resourceavailability, contractor or designer

workload.




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Term 49

List five common project variables.

Definition 49

Project size, site location, projectdelivery methods, productivity, and

infrastructure.

Term 50

How do project variables affect aproject?

Definition 50

Project variables can have either apositive or negative influence on a

project. It is the projectteams responsibility to identify and

mitigate the negative aspects ofproject variables and utilize

the positive aspects of variables.

Term 51

True or False: The project size mayrequire additional constraints on the

project?

Definition 51

True




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Term 52

True or False: Local climatologicalconditions may result in a restricted

work schedule forvarious construction activities?

Definition 52

True

Term 53When reporting progress and

completion forecasts to the clients

management, a schedule that isorganized by the projects work

breakdown structure (WBS) structureprovides _____________.

A. A useful reporting tool that meetsthe clients project team special

needs.B. An early finish constraint with a

20 day negative lag on the last activity.

C. A late start constraint on the first

activity with a 20 day negative lag.D. A late finish constraint on the last

activity.

Definition 53

D. A late finish constraint on the lastactivity

Term 54When gathering data to document

activity progress and observed trends,the activitys reported

percent complete ______________.A. Is all that is necessary to forecastremaining duration for that activity?B. Is used as part of the 6/10 rule to

determine the remaining duration forthat activity.

C. Must be analyzed in conjunctionwith all observed activity data (actual

start dates, trends,etc.) to estimate the remaining

duration for the activity.D. Provides sufficient information

necessary to determine the activitysearned value.

Definition 54

C. Must analyze in conjunction with all

observed activity data (actual startdates, trends, etc.) to

determine an estimated remainingduration for the activity.




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Term 55

True or False: Contract deliverablesare defined in the scope of work?

Definition 55

True

Term 56

True or False: Drawings andspecifications augment the written

scope of work narrative?

Definition 56

True

Term 57

What does the scope of work influenceduring the planning process?

Definition 57

Scope of work influences theexecution strategy, development ofwork packages, project goals and

objectives, and milestones.




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Term 58

Who is responsible to develop theconceptual scope of work?

Definition 58

The owner is responsible for theconceptual scope of work

Term 59

Define the differences between anasset or functional scope of work and

the project scope ofwork.

Definition 59

An asset or functional scope of workdefines the process for which the

facility is constructed,while the project scope of workdefines the scope of work to be

physically constructed.

Term 60

What is a project goal?

Definition 60

A project goal is a concept that isidentified and expressed as anachievable project and product.The goal may or may not be a

contractually specified requirement.




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Term 61

Can a project have multiple goals?

Definition 61

Yes

Term 62

Can each stakeholder have a differentview of what the project goal may be?

Definition 62

Yes

Term 63

What is the purpose of a project plan?

Definition 63

A project plan provides a roadmap forthe project team during the planning

process. The projectplan is the basis for the baseline plan.




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Term 64

Once the project plan becomes thebaseline plan, how is it utilized?

Definition 64

The baseline plan becomes thebenchmark for performance and

reporting.

Term 65

When does the project plan getmodified?

Definition 65

The project plan is modified whenthere are significant changes to the

scope of work. The newplan should be agreed upon by the

stakeholders.

Term 66

What is a phase?

Definition 66

A phase is a significant period of timeor grouping of related activities with

the project. A phase Iderived from the scope of work,

sequence of work, phase

relationships, and the WBS.




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Term 67

Why is the identification of phases anessential product of the planning

process?

Definition 67

As the scope of work evolves intogreater detail, phases are identified. A

phase may encompassseveral stages of planning and work.

Term 68

Which is not a phase?A. Engineering

B. ConcreteC. Conceptual engineering

D. Pre-construction

Definition 68

B. Concrete is an activity, not a projectphase.

Term 69

Which of the following is untrue?A. OBS intersects with WBS to define

a project cost account.B. Different managers might structurea WBS differently for the same project.

C. A WBS can include design,

procurement, and constructionactivites.D. None of the above.

Definition 69

D. None of the above




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Term 70

True or False: WBS is a system bywhich work activities are organized

and summarized into likeactivities?

Definition 70

True A WBS is a hierarchy divisionof work scope elements of a project to

be performed

Term 71

True or False: WBS may be organizedas a result of capital costing

requirements?

Definition 71

True

Term 72

How are the scope of work and theWBS related?

Definition 72

The WBS breaks down the scope ofwork into manageable parts of work

that correspond todeliverables, phases or milestones




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Term 73

How are the WBS and the projectschedule related?

Definition 73

The WBS begins the process ofbreaking down the scope of work into

project phases and workpackages whose parts can be further

segregated to create scheduleactivities.

Term 74

Describe the difference between awork package and a cost account.

Definition 74

A work package is a WBS component,while a cost account is the

intersection of the WBS andOBS. The work package is a discretelyidentifiable element of work, whereas

the cost accountcaptures the time-phased resource

cost required to execute a workpackage, as planned.

Term 75When reporting progress and

completion forecasts to the clientsmanagement, a schedule that isorganized on the projects OBS

provides ______.A. A list of all equipment resources

utilized on the project.B. A baseline for change management

reporting.

C. A useful reporting tool that meetsthe clients project team specialneeds.

D. Identifies resource utilization, andidentifies gaps, utilization variances,

and areas ofmanagement attention

Definition 75

D. Identifies resource utilization andidentifies gaps, utilization variances,

and areas for

management attention.




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Term 76

What is an OBS?

Definition 76

The OBS is a structure that breaks

down the scope of work intoorganization functions. The OBS

identifies who performs specific scopeof work elements.

Term 77

A CBS:A. Should generally not include

indirect costs.B. Is not absolutely essential foreffective management of a large

project.C. Allows ready comparison of actual

versus planned costs.D. All of the above.

Definition 77

C. Allows ready comparison of actualversus planned costs.

Term 78

What is a CBS?

Definition 78

A CBS is a structure that breaks downinto cost types such as labor, material,

equipment,subcontractor for cost forecasting

purposes.




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Term 79

How is the CBS related to the WBSand OBS?

Definition 79

The CBS is the intersection of theWBS and OBS.

Term 80

Can the CBS be broken down betweendirect and indirect costs?

Definition 80

Yes

Term 81

What is the difference between phasesand sequencing?

Definition 81

Phases are a significant period of timeor grouping of activities within the

project. The logical,chronological sequencing of the

phases begins the process that builds

phases into a schedule.




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Term 82

What is a phase relationship?

Definition 82

A phase relationship identifies howmajor work elements will be

completed in a logical manner.

Term 83

What process does sequencing orphase relationships provide a

framework for?

Definition 83

Progress monitoring, analyzing,controlling and reporting

Term 84

Which is not a key component orcharacteristic of review by

stakeholders?A. Cyclical

B. ScheduledC. Managed

D. Estimated

Definition 84

D. Estimated




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Term 85

Stakeholder review is:A. Critical and divided into multi-

groups.B. Not important

C. One-dimensionalD. Not considered

Definition 85

A. Critical and divided into multi-groups

Term 86

To what may stakeholders decisionslead during the planning process?

Definition 86

Additional planning and potentiallysignificant cost and impacts to the

program or project.

Term 87

Why is stakeholder review criticalduring the planning phase of a

project?

Definition 87

Stakeholder decisions may requirefavorable or unfavorable actions that

require re-planning orstoppage of the project and create

significant cost impacts




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Term 88

Why should stakeholders bemanaged?

Definition 88

Stakeholders should be managed to

ensure all interests and concerns areconsidered and if not

managed could have negative costand schedule impacts to a project.

Term 89

How do resource constraints andconsiderations affect cost estimate

development?

Definition 89

Resources can influence thescheduling timeline and budgeting

process. The end result is thebasis for the initial schedule and cash

flow models.

Term 90

Why are budgets often revised?

Definition 90

Stakeholder expectations caninfluence decisions during the budget

development. The budget isoften revised to be in agreement withproject goals, objectives and timeline.




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Term 91

The budgetary process provides thebasis for what?

Definition 91

The budget is the basis for cost andschedule baselines used formonitoring, controlling and

reporting.

Term 92The baseline plan is an end result ofthe planning process. What is not a

basic step in theplanning process that results in the

baseline plan?A. Identification of the project goals

and objectives.B. Scope of work definition.C. Phase identification and

sequencing result in the baseline plan.

D. Identification of the schedulespecification.

Definition 92

D. Identification of the schedulespecification.

Term 93

Which is not a characteristic of thebaseline plan?

A. Serves as the basis for the initialschedule.

B. Serves as the basis for the cashflow model.

C. Provides the basis for progress

measuring, evaluating and reporting.D. Is critical for schedule changemanagement.

Definition 93

D. Is critical for schedule changemanagement.




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Term 94

The baseline plan is a fixed documentand should be changed only if the

following occurs:A. Contract modifications result due to

significant changes in the work.B. Change is allowed whenever one of

the primary stakeholders thinks itappropriate.

C. NeverD. Once a year

Definition 94

A. Contract modifications result, dueto significant changes in the work.

Term 95

A new baseline should:A. Never be approved

B. Be agreed to by all primarystakeholders who have that right and

responsibility.C. Only be approved by the contractor.

D. Be approved by the public.

Definition 95

B. Be agreed to by all primarystakeholders who have that right and

responsibility

Term 96

The baseline plan results from theplanning process. What are the basic

steps in the planningprocess that result in the baseline

plan?

Definition 96

Identification of the project goals andobjectives; scope of work definition;

and phaseidentification and sequencing result in

the baseline plan.




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Term 97

When performing a periodic forecastwhat should not be considered?

A. The planB. The project scope

C. Contract requirementsD. The WBS and OBS

Definition 97

D. The WBS and OBS

Term 98

Periodic forecasts are key to thefollowing:

A. Basis for controlB. Reporting against projectdeliverables and milestones

C. Based on trends and variancesD. All of the above

Definition 98

D. All of the above.

Term 99What are three key components of

periodic forecasts?A. Defining forecasting requirements,

frequencies and timetables.B. Recovery schedules, scheduling

change management and acceleration.

C. Constructability methods, projectvariables and defining project goals.

D. Sequencing and phaserelationships, risk and recovery plans

and schedule basisdocumentation.

Definition 99

A. Defining forecasting requirements,frequencies and timetables




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Term 100

Why is it important to have periodicforecasts?

Definition 100

Periodic forecasts provide information

on the health of a project and assist inthe prediction of

future conditions and report againstproject deliverables and milestones

Term 101

Forecasts fall into two categories.Name both and discuss their

differences

Definition 101

The two forecast types are (a) periodicand (b) special. Periodic are done on a

specific timeinterval, while special are performed,

as needed, to satisfy a particularpurpose or to identify a

specific problem.

Term 102

Which of the following is not an effectof change on a contract?

A. Increase in time for the work to becompleted.

B. Decrease in time for the work to becompleted.

C. Neutral as it affects time for the

work to be completed.D. Articulate as it relates to time forthe work to be completed.

Definition 102

D. Articulate as it relates to time forthe work to be completed.




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Term 103

Which of the following types of plansis not associated with risk and

recovery?A. Baseline contingency plan.B. Budget contingency plan.

C. Recovery plan.D. Schedule contingency plan.

Definition 103

A. Baseline contingency plan.

Term 104

Which one of the following is animportant processing during planning

for risk and recovery?A. Detailed cost evaluation.

B. Planning for change.C. Using only the contract.

D. Plan reevaluation for change.

Definition 104

B. Planning for change.

Term 105

Plan recovery is:A. Always part of the planning

process.B. Sometimes part of the planning

process.C. Usually required during planning.

D. Always used during constructionevaluation.

Definition 105

A. Always part of the planningprocess.




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Term 106

Why is it important to develop a riskand recovery plan?

Definition 106

Change and risk are inevitable onprojects. There must be a plan

developed to identify andmanage risk as well as a plan to

mitigate negative impacts and exploitpositive affects.

Term 107

What is the difference between a riskand a recovery plan?

Definition 107

A risk plan defines how to identify andminimize the effect of risks, whereas a

recovery plan is anarray of means or methods to

eliminate or reduce undesirableimpacts of changes

Term 108

Are risk and change the same?

Definition 108

Maybe and maybe not. Risk mightderive, in part, from the possibility of

undesirable changes,but some changes might reduce risk

and not increase it.




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Term 109If a plan estimates that 5,184 labor-

hours will be expended on a series ofrelated construction

activities, and the projected number ofconstruction worker equivalents

expected to perform thatactivity is 12 personnel working a 12-hour day, what is the calculated

overall duration for thoseactivities? Assume the work is

performed sequentially.A. 6 work weeks

B. 35 calendar daysC. 5 work weeksD. 36 work days

Definition 109

D. 36 workdays

Term 110The primary source of information that

defines the scope of work that theplanner-scheduler

relies upon to create a schedule modelis what?

A. Contract specifications.B. Contract provisions that definescope along with the contractors

execution plan and relatedassumptions.

C. Contract special conditions andspecifications.

D. Pre-bid site visit and planningmeetings.

Definition 110

B. Contract provisions that definescope along with the contractors

execution plan and relatedassumptions.

Term 111

What are three key elements indefining the schedule scope?

Definition 111

The scope of work; computerapplications and limitations; andability to communicate the plan

into a workable schedule.




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Term 112

The basis for the schedule modelshould include identification of what

components?

Definition 112

Deliverables, milestones, timing,phasing, sequencing requirements,

resources and interfacepoints.

Term 113

Why is it important to understand howthe WBS and OBS are related?

Definition 113

During schedule development theWBS and OBS define the overall work

scope and the work packages.

Term 114

What is the general purpose of ascheduling specification?

Definition 114

The schedule specification identifiesthe planning and scheduling

requirements, level ofrequired detail, reporting

requirements, software requirements,milestones, change management

and the responsible parties.




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Term 115

The schedule specification may be thebasis for what?

Definition 115

Project reporting.

Term 116

Who is responsible for scheduledevelopment and approval?

Definition 116

Yes

Term 117

Why is it important to get feedbackfrom stakeholders during schedule

development?

Definition 117

It is important to get stakeholder buy-in for the schedule. If they do not buy

into the schedule,there may be no sense of ownership.Disagreements will increase, maybe

resulting in delays or impacts




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Term 118

For what is the cost estimate modelused?

Definition 118

The cost estimate model is the basisfor baseline scheduling, progress

measurement, reporting,and change management.

Term 119

What does the project execution planidentify?

Definition 119

The project execution plan identifiesthe means, methods, and activitiesthat the schedule module should

represent

Term 120What are three requirements thatdetermine what type of schedule

should be utilized on aproject?

A. Cost estimate, number ofstakeholders, reporting requirements.

B. Project size, scope, complexity.C. Project size, project variables,

phase definition.D. Risk and recovery plan, milestones,

durations

Definition 120

B. Project size, scope, complexity.




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Term 121List four different types of schedules

most commonly used?A. Bar and Gantt charts, Critical Path

Method and network schedules, linearor line-of-balance,

milestone.B. Critical Path Method and networkschedules, hammocks, rolling wave,

milestone.C. Gantt chart, linear or line of

balance, level of effort, work lists.D. Flags, constraints, estimate, bar

chart

Definition 121

A. Bar and Gantt charts; Critical PathMethod and network schedules; linear

or line-of-balance; milestone.

Term 122

Explain why planner-scheduler wouldchoose a linear schedule instead of a

network schedule.

Definition 122

A linear schedule is typically used ona project where there are multiple

series of repetitive tasks,as with highway construction orconstruction of multiple, similarhouses. A network schedule is

used when non-repetitive activityarrays are determined. The network is

derived from logical relationshipsamong activities based on their time

sequencing.

Term 123

Explain why different schedules canand should sometimes be used within

one project.

Definition 123

Different schedules should be usedwithin one project based on the phase,system, timeframe, and complexity ofthe project. Different schedules are

used based on the need of the projectat the time or phase and the need to

control that aspect of the project.




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Term 124

Which is not a characteristic of anactivity?

A. Has a durationB. Should have at least one

predecessor successorC. Is assigned to a calendar

D. Is constrained in time

Definition 124

D. Is constrained in time.

Term 125

When activities are logically linkedthey become?A. Constraints

B. The scheduleC. ResourcesD. Milestones

Definition 125

B. The schedule.

Term 126

What is an activity, and what are itsprimary characteristics?

Definition 126An activity is an individual element ofwork that is logically linked to other

activities to form theschedule. Its primary characteristics

include an overall duration basedupon the resources

applied to it (manpower, materials andequipment), a start and completion

date that is tied to awork calendar and has relationships toother activities (predecessor and

successors).




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Term 127

What should the level of detail be foractivities in the schedule?

Definition 127

The level of detail must be appropriate

for managing the project with concernto duration,

complexity, methodology, cost andrisk.

Term 128

What are the different activity types?

Definition 128

Tasks, milestones, flags, andsummary or hammocks

Term 129Pick the least accurate statement

concerning schedule activitydurations:

A. They are often determined byexamining the quantity of work and

the resources that will beapplied to perform that work.B. Work is always performed

continuously from start to finish.

C. There is a rubber band for overallduration, depending upon the quantityof work actually

performed and the number of hours ofwork expended.

D. Planned and assumed productivityfactors, location factors, and other

considerations areapplied against the optimum duration,

to determine a planned duration.

Definition 129

B. Work is always performed

continuously from start to finish.




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Term 130

Durations are not derived from thefollowing:

A. Cost estimateB. Resource loading

C. Activity IDD. Cost

Definition 130

C. Activity ID

Term 131

Durations may include the following:A. Multiple elements of the scope of

work.B. Relationships

C. Risk planD. Scheduling specification

Definition 131

A. Multiple elements of the scope ofwork.

Term 132

In combining multiple logically tiedactivities with the duration provides

the basis for thefollowing:

A. Cost estimate modelB. Defines the schedule scope

C. A fragnet schedule durationD. The baseline schedule

Definition 132

D. The baseline schedule.




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Term 133

Why is it important to understand theinterconnectivity between an activitysduration, constraints, and calendar?

Definition 133The relationship between an activitys

duration, calendar assignment, andconstraints form the

basis for determining the overalltimeframe required to complete an

activity. One mustunderstand the how constraints andthe activitys calendar directly affect

the activitys duration,based on the calendar and constraintsimposed on either the start or finish of

the activity

Term 134

What is a key element in determiningthe duration of an activity?

Definition 134

A key element in determining theduration of an activity is

understanding the scope of theactivity.

Term 135

In addition to relationships and lags,which of the following should not be

considered whenbuilding a schedule?

A. ConstraintsB. Calendars

C. StakeholdersD. Durations

Definition 135

C. Stakeholders




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Term 136

Name and describe the different types

of schedule relationships that areused in scheduling software toolsbased on the Precedence Diagram

Method (PDM).

Definition 136. Finish-to-Start; Activity A finishes

before Activity B starts.Finish-to-Finish; Activity A finishes

when Activity B finishes. The activitiesfinish simultaneously

after running concurrently, but theymay start at different times.Start-to-Start; Activity A starts whenActivity B starts. The activities begin

simultaneously and runconcurrently, both they may finish at

different times.Start-to-Finish; Activity A starts before

Activity B finishes.

Term 137

Describe the function of relationshiplags.

Definition 137

Relationship lags delay start-finishrelationships. One should be careful in

determining the lagduration, since preparation time andthe actual delay between activities

should be considered.

Term 138

What is a schedule relationship?

Definition 138

A schedule relationship is a logic linkbetween activities that becomes the

fundamental tool inbuilding a schedule network.




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Term 139

Constraints are factors that affect anactivitys start, finish and/or duration.

Which of the followingis not an example of a constraint?

A. CalendarB. Date restraintC. Stakeholder

D. Weather

Definition 139

C. Stakeholde

Term 140

Which is not a characteristic of typicalproject calendars?

A. MultipleB. Weather, environmental, seasonal

C. WorkdayD. Based on the type of schedule

used.

Definition 140

D. Based on the type of schedule used

Term 141

Project calendars are formulated:A. For estimates

B. To reflect specific, long-runningconditions or circumstances.

C. For relationships

D. For resource loading

Definition 141

B. To reflect specific, long-runningconditions or circumstances.




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Term 142

Calendars along with durationsprovide the basis for an activitys

estimated:A. Resources

B. CostC. Timeframe

D. Relationships

Definition 142

C. Timeframe

Term 143

Why are multiple calendars used on aproject?

Definition 143

Multiple calendars are used to depictvarious workday scenarios orconditions that can occur on a

project. For example a project mayhave the following calendars: 5-day

work week, 7-day workweek, and exterior calendar to reflectweather days, seasonal, and weekend

only work

Term 144

What may be a limit for a number ofresources assigned to an activity?

A. Resources assigned to otheractivities on the project.

B. Availability of resources as a resultof external constraints.

C. Stakeholder driven.D. All of the above.

Definition 144





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Term 145

Which of the following would limitedresources not affect on a project?

A. Extend the project schedule.B. No impact.

C. Modify the critical path.D. Increase the cost of the project

Definition 145

B. No impact

Term 146

What are the two key fundamentalelements of cost and resource

loading?

Definition 146

The WBS and OBS

Term 147

Cost and resource loading incorporatewhat two major elements into the

schedule model?

Definition 147

Cost estimate and project executionplan.




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Term 148

What are two outputs of cost andresource loading?

Definition 148

Resource leveling and initial cash flow

Term 149

When should milestones bedeveloped?

A. Prior to identifying the projectscope.

B. When defining the schedule scope.C. Prior to baselining the schedule.

D. When performing scheduleupdates.

Definition 149

C. Prior to baselining the schedule.

Term 150

Name six examples of milestones

Definition 150

Start milestone.Finish milestone.

Start no sooner than (constraint).Start no later than (constraint).

Finish no sooner than (constraint).

Finish no later than (constraint).




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Term 154

Schedule quality analysis isperformed?

A. At the beginning of the project.B. At changes of phases.

C. Throughout the duration of theproject.

D. At the beginning and end of aproject.

Definition 154

C. Throughout the duration of theproject.

Term 155

The three interactive relationships in aschedule quality analysis are?

A. Safety, quality, time.B. Cost, safety, time.C. Time, quality, cost.D. Safety, cost, time.

Definition 155

C. Time, quality, cost.

Term 156

The end result of a schedule qualityanalysis is?

A. Continual improvement in theschedule.

B. Schedule acceleration.C. Tracking schedule progress.

D. Identification of constraints

Definition 156

A. Continual improvement in theschedule.




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Term 157

Schedule quality analysis should beperformed by?

A. The scheduler only.B. The scheduler and project manager.

C. All stakeholders.D. Only the client

Definition 157

C. All stakeholders

Term 158

What does a schedule quality analysisand compliance review accomplish?

Definition 158

It provides a means to resolve issuesbetween stakeholders and proves therepresentation of the scope of work.

Term 159

Which is not an example of criticalaspect of schedule documentation?

A. Project scope definition.B. Contract specifications.C. Type of schedule used.

D. Project cost estimate

Definition 159

C. Type of schedule used.




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Term 160The schedule basis documentation

narrative includes the following:A. Baseline schedule development and

schedule change managementprocedures.

B. Baseline schedule development andcritical/near critical path activities.

C. Critical and near-critical pathactivities and cost estimate model.D. Schedule change managementprocedures and cost and resource

management guidelines.

Definition 160

B. Baseline schedule development andcritical and near-critical path activities.

Term 161

If the baseline schedule is revised andrebaselined, what should one do to the

schedule basisdocumentation?A. Leave it as is.

B. Revise the document as necessarywhen the rebaseline has been

approved.C. Revise the document at the

completion of the project.D. Revise the document monthly.

Definition 161

B. Revise the document as necessarywhen the new baseline has been

approved.

Term 162

Why is it important to developschedule basis documentation?

Definition 162

This documentation provides theassumptions, constraints and

parameters that the development ofthe baseline schedule is derived. It

also provides the foundation forschedule change or delay and impact

identification




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Term 163

If significant changes impact thecritical path or completion date, what

is used for analysis?

Definition 163

The baseline schedule is thesignificant document used for

identifying and analyzing schedulechange.

Term 164

The baseline schedule does all of thefollowing, except?

A. Measure progressB. Identify trends

C. Identify milestonesD. Identify changes

Definition 164

C. Identify milestones

Term 165

Important concepts for use of baselineschedules include?

A. UpdatingB. RealigningC. Dumping

D. Impacts

Definition 165

D. Impacts




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Term 166

The baseline schedule is a fullydeveloped schedule for construction

with all of the following

attributes, except?A. Activities with durations.

B. Activities with all appropriateattributes.

C. Activities that are linked.D. Activities that solve logic issues

Definition 166

D. Activities that solve logic issues.

Term 167

True or False: The baseline scheduleis the foundation for progress

reporting?

Definition 167

True

Term 168

The baseline schedule is thefoundation and basis for what?

Definition 168

Trending, progress measuring andreporting, and change management.




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Term 169

If there are significant variances to thebaseline schedule, what should

occur?

Definition 169

A new baseline schedule should becreated and used for progress

measurement and changemanagement.

Term 170

Important considerations whentracking schedule progress include all

but which of the following?A. Deductive documentation.

B. Future change management.C. Historical documentation.

D. Summary reporting.

Definition 170

A. Time period for updates.

Term 171

All but one of the followingrequirements is likely to be spelled out

in the contract requirementsfor CPM periodic updates?A. Time period for updates.

B. Number of copies to be submitted.

C. Supporting data.D. List of completed change orders

Definition 171

B. Number of copies to be submitted




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Term 172From the following list of requirements

that an owner might specify for abaseline submittal,

which one is most likely not arequirement?

A. Time for submittal after Notice-to-Proceed.

B. Time for submittal afterconstruction is initiated.

C. Time as a requirement forcompletion of the work.

D. Time length for increments of longduration activities.

Definition 172

D. Time length for increments of longduration activities

Term 173

Name six methods to measureprogress.

Definition 173

Level-of-effort (LOE), physicalprogress, incremental milestones,

activity start/finish, substantialstart/finish, supervisor judgment.

Term 174

What forms the basis for trending,forecasting and change management?

Definition 174

Accurate progressing of the schedule.




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Term 175

What should one consider whenupdating the schedule?

Definition 175

One should consider the contractrequirements for cost and payment

loading into the schedule model

Term 176

Which of the following principals isnot used in cost and resource

management?A. Effective and efficient data

gathering.B. Accurate data creation and

manipulation.C. Schedule performance evaluation.

D. Variance evaluation

Definition 176

A. Effective and efficient datagathering.

Term 177

Which of the following acronyms doesnot apply to cost and resource

management?A. SPIB. VEC. SV

D. BCWP

Definition 177

B. VE




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Term 178

Cost and resource management is aprocess to optimize all but?

A. The accurate collection of data.B. Careful monitoring of field

activities.C. Ensuring that reporting is correct.D. Back-checking home office costs.

Definition 178

D. Back-checking home office costs.

Term 179

Recommendations, resulting fromeffective cost and resource

management, include which of thefollowing?

A. Changes in means and methods.B. Scope of work effort used.

C. Changing in the pay estimates.D. Schedule manipulation

Definition 179

A. Changes in means and methods.

Term 180

Cost and resource management is aprocess that accomplishes all of the

following goals except?A. Collecting accurate data.

B. Monitoring field activities andprogress.

C. Analysis of conditions found versus

the schedule.D. Determining new activity duration

Definition 180

D. Determining new activity duration.




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Term 181

Described planned work.

Definition 181

The scheduled value of work for agiven time.

Term 182

Described earned value.

Definition 182

The value of work that was completedin a specific time period.

Term 183

What is the SPI?

Definition 183

SPI is the ratio of worked performeddivided by work scheduled.




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Term 184

What is a schedule variance?

Definition 184

Schedule variance is the differencebetween work schedule and work

performed.

Term 185

What is resource leveling

Definition 185

Leveling is the smoothing ofresources is to better allocate use ofresources and avoid peaks or valleys

and will utilize the available float of theactivity

Term 186

When should a change beincorporated into the schedule?A. During the planning phase.

B. After it is approved.C. As soon as it is identified.

D. Never

Definition 186

B. After it is approved.




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Term 187

Which of the following is an importantcharacteristic of schedule change

management?A. Doing nothing

B. Time impact analysisC. Baseline delineation

D. Two-week look-ahead schedule

Definition 187

B. Time impact analysis.

Term 188

What elements of change should beintegrated into the schedule model?

Definition 188

Schedule suspension, delay anddisruption.

Term 189

What are key elements of the changeprocess that need to be fully

understood by the projectteam?

Definition 189

Extensive knowledge of and attentionto the scope of work and contractual

requirements.




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Term 190

Why is it important to identify andincorporate changes early?

Definition 190

To minimize the affect of change onthe project schedule and cost

Term 191

Which of the following is not a form ofacceleration?A. Crashing

B. CompressionC. Constructive baseliningD. Directive acceleration

Definition 191

C. Constructive baselining

Term 192

What is the difference betweendirective and constructive

acceleration?

Definition 192

Directive is when it is directed versusa stakeholders inaction or action in

advance of direction.




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Term 193

Schedule acceleration is a result of________.

Definition 193

Delay, increase in work scope,maintaining the current completiondate, or expediting the completiondate is an example of acceleration.

Term 194

When accelerating a schedule, whatshould be considered?

Definition 194

Effect of multiple shifts, overlapping ofactivities, overtime, modifying workmethods, increasing or changing of

resources, and cost among otherelements

Term 195

Why is it important to document andcommunicate actions, when

implementing schedule acceleration?

Definition 195

Schedule acceleration is often acontractual issue, therefore it is

important to communicate the means,methods, and assumptions used in

revising the execution plan




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Term 196

Which is not a resultant of schedulemaintenance feedback?A. Recovery schedules

B. Schedule accelerationC. Constructability reviewD. Control level schedule

Definition 196

D. Control level schedules

Term 197

Stakeholder schedule maintenancefeedback includes?A. Documentation

B. ManagementC. Project team

D. All of the above

Definition 197

D. All of the above

Term 198

Feedback to the scheduler is notreceived as?

A. Written responses to previousupdate reports.

B. Stakeholder meetingsC. Comments from the project team.

D. Contract request for change

Definition 198

D. Contract request for change




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Term 199

Why is stakeholder feedbackimportant in maintaining and updating

the schedule?

Definition 199

Continual reassessment is importantto the overall success. Feedback mayalso identify failures in alignment with

the execution plan.

Term 200

Which one is not a schedule controlmeasure?

A. Identification or notice of change.B. Analysis of change on schedule.

C. Management of change to mitigateimpacts.

D. Management summary report

Definition 200

D. Management summary report

Term 201

Why are different levels of schedulesdeveloped?

Definition 201

Different schedule levels aredeveloped to communicate the

schedule to various stakeholders toreflect their specific interests. The

control level schedules incrementallydrop down from the

master schedule.




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Term 202

What is the hierarchy of scheduletypes?

Definition 202

Schedule types are:- Level 1 Milestone/Executive

summary

- Level 2 Contract master/Detailedintegrated

- Level 3 Area master/Control- Level 4 Control /2-3 Week look-

ahead- Level 5 Daily/Hourly

Term 203

Which of the following is not aprogress indicator?

A. VariancesB. Objectives

C. TrendsD. Total float

Definition 203

B. Objectives

Term 204

Why are variances and trend reportingimportant?

Definition 204

Variances and trends are progressindicators that assist in determining

the status and health of aproject. The earlier variances and

adverse trends are recognized, theeasier it is to take corrective

action.




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Term 205

What can variance and trendsinfluence?

Definition 205

Variance and trends can influence theend result of the project. Variances

and trends provide thebasis for revisions to the baseline

plan, corrective action, alternativesand recommendations orpotential change orders.

Term 206

Explain how Earned Value conceptsaffect variances and trends

Definition 206

Earned value concepts assist in theanalysis of variances and trends that

lead to schedule forecasts.

Term 207The current progress report indicatesthat electrical conduit installation is 5

work days behind the baselineschedule, 65% complete, and driving

the critical path. The previous monthlyupdate

showed this activity to be on scheduleand was 15% complete. The baselineindicates the task should be complete

in two weeks (remaining plannedduration when at 55% complete) andthe

current update requires three weeks tocomplete the task using a 5 day

workweek.A. What is the current trend?

B. Describe the current variance.C. If you add an additional crew with

the same capability as the currentwork effort, will the task be completed

on time or early?

Definition 207A. The schedule critical path activity isslipping and impacting completion for

the entire project.B. The current variance is negative

and may continue to grow, based onthe difference between the previous

and current reports unless correctiveaction is taken.

C. 5-day workweek = 20 days in a

monthCurrent 5-day delay = 25% productivity

loss (5 days behind in 20 workdayslast period). Existing crew created the

5-day delay during the month,therefore = 75% variance. Adding thenew crew should finish the activity ontime, assuming the same conditions.The activity will not finish earlier thanoriginally planned by adding a second

crew.




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Term 208

Which of the following is not anelement of critical path analysis?

A. Evaluating activity relationships.

B. Ensuring that change orders havebeen properly integrated into the

schedule.C. Deleting milestones.

D. Evaluating performance against thebaseline.

Definition 208

C. Deleting milestones.

Term 209

What is the primary focus of thecritical path analysis?

Definition 209

The primary focus of the critical pathanalysis is to evaluate the longest

path of the project and identify criticalor near-critical activities

Term 210

Why is it important for the schedulerto understand the mechanics of

scheduling software when performinganalysis?

Definition 210

It is important to understand how thesoftware tool calculates start and

finish dates, float,constraints, and durations. All of theseimpact calculations that determine the

critical path.




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Term 211

What is a key process in scheduleanalysis?

Definition 211

Gathering accurate information aboutschedule progress and analyzing

trends to properly forecast theremaining work in the schedule model

Term 212

The following earned value conceptsare included in schedule forecast

development?A. Actual costs

B. Estimate-to-complete (ETC)C. Schedule variance (SV)

D. All of the above

Definition 212

D. All of the above

Term 213

Important factors in developingschedule forecasts do not include?A. Historical information, along with

staffing and manning levels.B. Future productivity factors.

C. Negative float.

D. Baseline schedule

Definition 213

A. Historical information, along withstaffing and manning levels.




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Term 214

Why is it important to perform what-if scenarios for significant pending

change orders?A. Impact to schedule and cost.

B. Equipment and material deliverylead time implications.

C. Evaluation of available resources.D. All of the above

Definition 214

D. All of the above

Term 215

Which of the following is not anelement of schedule forecasts?

A. Prediction of future work.B. Planned sequence of activities.

C. Baseline schedules.D. Labor and material utilization

Definition 215

C. Baseline schedules

Term 216

From what do schedule forecastsresult?

Definition 216

Schedule forecasts are a result ofactual performance and the analysis of

variances and trends.




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Term 220

Why should constructability becontinually reevaluated?

Definition 220

Means and methods initiallyconsidered feasible may now be

considered inappropriate

Term 221

Why would encountering a differingsite condition result in constructability

review?

Definition 221

Latent or patent conditions aredifferent from existing contract

requirements and,therefore, result in the need to

reevaluate current construction meansand methods and calculate possible

impacts on the schedule

Term 222

For what can a progress report beused?

A. Become the basis for historicaldata.

B. Used to estimate and schedulefuture work.

C. Convey information concerning the

project progress.D. All of the above

Definition 222





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Term 226What are some common types ofrecovery schedule techniques?

A. Acceleration, schedulecompression, overtime, multiple

shifts, or additional

resources.B. Extending the schedule duration.

C. Reducing manpower orsubcontracts.

D. Deceleration of critical activities inorder to have non-critical path

activities reaches apar with critical path activities

Definition 226

A. Acceleration, schedulecompression, overtime, multipleshifts, or additional resources.

Term 227

How is recovery schedules triggered?A. By contractual requirement

B. By the prime contractorC. By the owner

D. By the project plans

Definition 227

A. By contractual requirement.

Term 228

Recovery schedules are a result ofwhat?

Definition 228

Variances and trends, delays, orrevisions to the scope of work.




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Term 229

For what are recovery schedulesused?

Definition 229

Bringing the schedule and cost backinto alignment with contract

requirements and stakeholder needs.

Term 230

What is a management summary?A. A detailed report

B. A set of construction documentsC. A concise summary of key points

and issuesD. A report that excludes problem

areas

Definition 230

C. A concise summary of key pointsand issues.

Term 231

The summary report is directedtowards?

A. SuperintendentsB. Project controls staff

C. Management and owners

D. Subcontractors

Definition 231

C. Management and owners




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Term 232

The management summary assists in?

A. Making decisions about riskB. Giving detailed advice to the owner

C. Procurement of third partyequipment and materials

D. Developing operating procedures

Definition 232

A. Making decisions about risk.

Term 233

What type of information doesmanagement require?

A. Concise and accurate with nosurprises

B. General information about theproject

C. Graphs and presentations onsimilar projects

D. Detailed schedule analysis

Definition 233

A. Concise and accurate with nosurprises.

Term 234AD Activity Description

ACWP Actual Cost of WorkPerformed

ADM - Arrow Diagramming MethodADR - Alternative Dispute Resolution

AE - Apportioned EffortAF - Actual Finish date

ALAP - As Late As Possible

AOA - Activity on Arrow (method)AON - Activity on Node (method)

AS - Actual Start (date)

Definition 234




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Term 235ASAP - As Soon As PossibleBAC - Budget at Completion

BCWP - Budgeted Cost of WorkPerformed

BCWS - Budgeted Cost of Work

ScheduledCA - Control Account

CAC - Cost at CompletionCM - Construction ManagementCPI - Cost Performance Index

CPM - Critical Path MethodC/SC2 - Cost/Schedule Control System

Criteria

Definition 235

Term 236CV - Cost Variance

CWBS - Contract Work BreakdownStructure

DCN - Design Change NoticeDCR - Design Change Request

DD - Data DateDDT&E - Design, Development, Test

andEvaluation

DU / DUR DurationEAC - Estimate At Completion

ECN - Engineering Change NoticeECR - Engineering Change Request

Definition 236

Term 237EF - Early Finish (date)

EH - Earned HoursES - Early Start (date)

ETC - Estimate To CompleteEV - Earned Value

EVMS - Earned Value ManagementSystem

FF - Finish-to-Finish (logic tie)FF - Free Float

FS - Finish-to-Start (logic tie)GAAP - Generally Accepted

AccountingPrinciples

Definition 237




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Term 238

ITC - Indicated Total CostKPI - Key Performance Indicators

KSI - Key Success IndicatorsLF - Late Finish (date)

LOB - Line of Balance (method)LOE - Level oOf Effort

LML - Lowest Management LevelLP - Longest Path

LS - Late Start (date)LSB - Lowest Static Baseline

Definition 238

Term 239LSM - Linear Scheduling MethodMBM - Management bBy Methods

MBO - Management bBy ObjectivesMBP - Management bBy PoliticsMBR - Management bBy RulesMBV - Management bBy Values

MBWA - Management bBy WalkingAround

MRP - Material Requirements Planning

MRP - Manufacturing ResourcePlanning

MPS - Master Production Schedule

Definition 239

Term 240NTP - Notice To Proceed

OBS - Organizational BreakdownStructure

OFFE - Owner Furnished Fixtures andEquipment

OD - Original DurationPC / PCT - Percent Complete

PDM - Precedence DiagrammingMethod

PDS - Product Breakdown StructurePERT - Project Evaluation and ReviewTechnique

PF - Planned Finish (date)PM - Project Management

Definition 240




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Term 241PM - Project Manager

PMIS - Project ManagementInformation System

PMO - Program / Project ManagementOffice

PMS - Performance MeasurementSystem

PS - Planned Start (date)RAP - Resource Allocation Plan

RBS - Resource Breakdown StructureRD - Remaining Duration

SF - Scheduled Finish (date)SF - Start-to-Finish (logic tie)

Definition 241

Term 242SOW - Statement oOf Work

SPI - Schedule Performance Index /Indicator

SS - Scheduled Start (date)SS - Start-to-Start logic (tie)

SV - Schedule VarianceTC - Target Completion (date)TCM - Total Cost Management

(process) (AACEInternational)

TF - Target Finish (date)TF - Total Float

TS - Target Start (date)

Definition 242

Term 243

WBS - Work Breakdown StructureWD WorkdayWH WorkhourWW - Workweek

Definition 243




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Term 244

Basic types of contracts:

Definition 244

o Fixed price.o Unit price.

o Cost plus (with fixed, incentive, oraward fees).

o Time and materials (T and M).o Guaranteed maximum price (GMP).

Common delivery methods:o Design-build.

Term 245

Planning, scheduling and reportingrequirements:

Definition 245

Notice to proceed (NTP).o Milestones.

o Phases.o Resources.

o Costing.o Substantial completion.

o Project completion

Term 246

Delivery methods.

Definition 246

Development and coordination ofcontract component elements:

- Specifications.- Plans.

- Special requirements, e.g. permits.

- Contract formulation.




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Term 247

General and special conditions:

Definition 247

a. Labor.b. Weather.

c. Equipment.d. Material.

e. Environment.f. Regional constraints.

g. Any other project-specific variablesand requirements.

Term 248

Public agencies stakeholders:

Definition 248

- Federal.- State.- Local.

- Special purpose entity;- School or university.

- Utility district.- Special legislative, e.g., Tennessee

Valley Authority (TVA).

Term 249

Types of stakeholders:

Definition 249

- Public agency- Private entities

- Engineer-architects.- Contractors.

- Subcontractors.- Consultants.

- Vendors.- General public




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Term 250

Private entities stakeholders:

Definition 250

- Owner.- Developer.- Individuals.

- Social or political organizations.- Individuals and special interest

groups.- Public agencies and private

enterprises.

Term 251

General public stakeholders:

Definition 251

- Land owner.- Activist.- Investor.

- Concerned citizen

Term 252

Methods of constructability:

Definition 252

o Modularization.o Pre-fabrication.




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Term 253

Pre-assembly:

Definition 253

o Design-build.o Material alternatives.

o Means and methods analysis.o Design alternatives and constraints.

o Health, safety and environmental(HSE) impacts.

Term 254

Costing constructability:

Definition 254

o Time.o Labor.

o Transportation.o Storage.

o Site access.o Governmental requirements.

- Permitting.- Accessibility.

- Inspections and compliance.

Term 255

Categories of resources:

Definition 255

o Labor.o Equipment.

o Material.o Human.

o Technology.




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Term 256

Labor categories of resources:

Definition 256

- Management.

- Technical.- Supervisory.

- Craft.- Subcontract.

Term 257

Equipment categories of resources:

Definition 257

- Construction equipment.- Engineered (installed) equipment.

Term 258

Material categories of resources:

Definition 258

- Type.- Availability.

- Deliverables.- Timing and phasing (need-by dates

and logistics).- Installation.

- Protection.




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Term 259

Human categories of resources:

Definition 259

- Skill level.- Social values.

- Cultural impacts.- Performance issues.

Term 260

Data sources:

Definition 260

o Historical database.o Program or project specific data.

Term 261

Historical database data sources:

Definition 261

- Type of program or project.- Location.

- Prevailing conditions.




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Term 262

Program or project specific datasources:

Definition 262

- Site survey.- Local resource studies.

- Logistics and transportation.

Term 263

Terms to KnowValue engineering (VE).

Cost effectiveness.Materials selection.Functional ability.Constructability.Design schedule.

Definition 263

Term 264

Terms to KnowOwner

SuppliersContractors

Public agenciesDesigners

Public groups

Third partiesNon-governmental organizations(NGOs)

Definition 264




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Term 265

Timeframe:

Definition 265

a) Phaseb) Milestone

c) Completiond) Operations

Term 266

Site and local considerations:

Definition 266o Resources (labor, material,

equipment, etc.)o Location

- Urban- Rural

- Remoteo Project Type- Undeveloped

- Reuse- Renovation

o Local environment and climaticconditions

Term 267

Delivery methods:

Definition 267

o Design-bid-build 48o Design-build

o EPC (engineering-procurement-construction)

o Design-build-operate

o Variations of above




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Term 268

Infrastructure:

Definition 268

o Accesso Utility availability

o Easements

Term 269

Productivity:

Definition 269

o Laboro Equipment

Term 270

Scope of work:

Definition 270

o Asset.o Function.

o Program and project.




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Term 271

Work packages:

Definition 271

o Engineering and design.o Contract.

o Construction.

Term 272

Considerations and constraints:

Definition 272

o Deliverables.o Milestones.o Variables.

Term 273

Contractual obligations:

Definition 273

o Milestones.o Deliverables.




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Term 274

Baseline:

Definition 274

o Schedule.o Budget and cost.

o Forecasts.o Periodic reporting.

Term 275

WBS development & OBSdevelopment:

Definition 275

o Basic techniques.- Top-down.- Bottom-up.

- Template-based.o Roll-up and summarization.o Code or chart of accounts.

Term 276

Cost breakdown structure (CBS):

Definition 276

o Elements of cost.o Labor.

o Materials.o Direct costs.o Indirect cost.

o Work breakdown structure (WBS).

o Organization breakdown structure(OBS).




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Term 277

Planning for forecasting:

Definition 277

o Periodic- Weekly- Monthly

9 Quarterlyo Special

- Change in conditions- Added or deleted work- Progress variance(s)

Term 278

Estimate types and classes:o Class 5 o Class 4 -o Class 3 o Class 2 o Class 1

Definition 278

o Class 5 Screening or Feasibility.o Class 4 - Conceptual or Feasibility.o Class 3 Budget, Authorization, or

Control.o Class 2 Control or Bid/tender.o Class 1 Check or Bid/tender.

Term 279

Status reporting:

Definition 279

o Progress.o Schedule.

o Cost.o Earned value.

o Change and configuration

management.




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Term 280

Forecasts:

Definition 280

o Periodic.- Weekly.- Monthly.

- Quarterly.Special.

- Change in conditions.- Added or deleted work.- Progress variance(s).

Term 281

Control level schedules:o Level 1 o Level 2 o Level 3 o Level 4 o Level 5

Definition 281

o Level 1 Milestone / Executivesummary.

o Level 2 Contract master / Detailedintegrated.

o Level 3 Area master / Contract.o Level 4 Control 2-3 Week Look-

ahead schedules.o Level 5 Daily / Hourly.

Term 282

Schedule development tools andtechniques:

Definition 282a) Bar or Gantt charts.

b) Critical Path Method (CPM) andnetwork models:

- Arrow Diagramming Method (ADM) / i j Node, also known as Activity-on-

Arrow(AOA).

- Precedence Diagramming Method(PDM).

c) Program Evaluation and ReviewTechnique (PERT) and other riskmodels:- Parties.

- Transactions and considerations.- Written versus oral.




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Term 283

Breakdown structures:

Definition 283

o Work breakdown structure (WBS).o Organization breakdown structure

(OBS).o Cost breakdown structure (CBS).

Term 284

Work Breakdown Structure (WBS):

Definition 284

a. Defining WBS by levels andelements.

b. Coding techniques.c. Activity coding.

d. How WBS is used in schedulemodeling and control

Term 285

Organization Breakdown Structure(OBS):

Definition 285

a. Defining OBS by levels andelements.

b. Coding techniques.c. Activity coding.

d. How OBS is used in schedule

modeling and control




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Term 286

Cost Breakdow

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