Flap Surgery
-
Upload
maxisurgeon -
Category
Documents
-
view
3.655 -
download
3
Transcript of Flap Surgery
![Page 1: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
UCLA SCHOOL OF DENTISTRY
TARRSON FAMILY ENDOWED CHAIR IN PERIODONTICS
![Page 2: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
E. Barrie Kenney, B.D.Sc., D.D.S., M.S., F.R.A.C.D.S.
Professor and Chairman
Division of Associated Clinical Specialties
Periodontal Flap Surgery
![Page 3: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
![Page 36: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
![Page 37: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
![Page 38: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
![Page 39: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
![Page 40: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
![Page 41: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
![Page 42: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
![Page 43: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
OSTEOPLASTY
and
OSTECTOMY
![Page 44: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
![Page 45: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
![Page 46: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
![Page 47: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
![Page 48: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
![Page 49: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
![Page 50: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
![Page 51: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
![Page 52: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
![Page 53: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
![Page 54: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
![Page 55: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
![Page 56: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Osseous surgery has changed the bone margin, so that the mid-facial bone level is apical to the interproximal bone level.This is called Positive Architecture.
NEGATIVE BONE ARCHITECTUREexists when facial bone levels are coronal to interproximal bone levels.
![Page 57: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Positive Bone Architecture provides a bonecontour which will result in the gingival contours following the same pattern, andthis gives the most stable and healthy post-surgical result with shallow pocketsand absence of inflammation.
Negative Bone Architecture results in softtissue contours that are positive with underlying bone contours that are negative.This is unstable and often results in post-surgical pocket formation and gingival inflammation.
![Page 58: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
![Page 59: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
In the Palatal Approach to osseous surgery, there is more emphasis on bone reduction (ostectomy) on the palate than on the buccal. This reduces the risk of removing excess healthy bone in the buccal furcation and results in soft tissue healing that gives palatal access to the mesial and distal furcations for interproximal plaque removal by the patient.
![Page 60: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
![Page 61: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
![Page 62: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
![Page 63: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
![Page 64: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
![Page 65: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
![Page 66: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
![Page 67: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
![Page 68: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
![Page 69: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
![Page 70: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
![Page 71: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
![Page 72: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
![Page 73: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
![Page 74: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
![Page 75: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Flap Incisions for Edentulous
Interproximal Regions
MESIAL AND DISTAL WEDGE TECHNIQUES
![Page 76: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Pockets exists on the mesial and distal of the upper molar. The mesial edentulous region will have a mesialwedge technique with parallel incisions over the ridge to expose the bone defects and root surfaces.
The distal wedge technique is similar to that on the mesial, with vertical incisions at its most distal portion.
![Page 77: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
![Page 78: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
![Page 79: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
![Page 80: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
![Page 81: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
![Page 82: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
Distal wedge incisions to expose bone defects
and root surfaces.
Osseous surgery and root planing are followed by suturing flaps, so that soft tissue is in close proximity to the distal bone,
with post-surgical reduction of pocket depth.
![Page 83: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
![Page 84: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
![Page 85: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
![Page 86: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
![Page 87: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
Another technique for distal pockets is a trap-door approach, where 2 parallel incisions run distally to allow elevation of a trap door or distal flap of tissue.
This is useful when bone graft materials are to be placed in distal intrabony defects.
![Page 88: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
![Page 89: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
![Page 90: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
![Page 91: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
![Page 92: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
In cases with hyperplastic gingivaltissues, a gingivectomy is the first incision, then labial and lingualflaps are elevated to gain access for root planing and osseous surgery.
The flaps are then sutured in anapical position in close proximity to the bone margins.
![Page 93: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
![Page 94: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
![Page 95: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
![Page 96: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
![Page 97: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
![Page 98: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
![Page 99: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
![Page 100: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
![Page 101: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
![Page 102: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
![Page 103: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
SUTURING TECHNIQUESFOR
FLAP SURGERY
![Page 104: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
![Page 105: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
![Page 106: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
![Page 107: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
![Page 108: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/108.jpg)
![Page 109: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/109.jpg)
![Page 110: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/110.jpg)
![Page 111: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/111.jpg)
![Page 112: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/112.jpg)
![Page 113: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/113.jpg)
![Page 114: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/114.jpg)
![Page 115: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/115.jpg)
![Page 116: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/116.jpg)
![Page 117: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/117.jpg)
![Page 118: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/118.jpg)
![Page 119: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/119.jpg)
![Page 120: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/120.jpg)
![Page 121: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/121.jpg)
![Page 122: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/122.jpg)
![Page 123: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/123.jpg)
![Page 124: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/124.jpg)
![Page 125: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/125.jpg)
SUTURING TECHNIQUESFOR
FLAP SURGERY----- MATTRESS SUTURES
MATTRESS SUTURE
![Page 126: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/126.jpg)
![Page 127: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/127.jpg)
![Page 128: Flap Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012903/556ca062d8b42a44468b4b36/html5/thumbnails/128.jpg)