FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS · 2017-02-24 · FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS 408 2015...

2015 SEATTLE FIRE CODE 407

CHAPTER 57

FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS

SECTION 5701GENERAL

5701.1 Scope and application. Prevention, control and miti-gation of dangerous conditions related to storage, use, dis-pensing, mixing and handling of flammable and combustibleliquids shall be in accordance with Chapter 50 and this chap-ter.

5701.2 Nonapplicability. This chapter shall not apply to liq-uids as otherwise provided in other laws or regulations orchapters of this code, including:

1. Specific provisions for flammable liquids in motorfuel-dispensing facilities, repair garages, airports andmarinas in Chapter 23.

2. Medicines, foodstuffs, cosmetics and commercial orinstitutional products containing not more than 50percent by volume of water-miscible liquids and withthe remainder of the solution not being flammable,provided that such materials are packaged in individ-ual containers not exceeding 1.3 gallons (5 L).

3. Quantities of alcoholic beverages in retail or whole-sale sales or storage occupancies, providied that theliquids are packaged in individual containers notexceeding 1.3 gallons (5 L).

4. Storage and use of fuel oil in tanks and containersconnected to oil-burning equipment. Such storage anduse shall be in accordance with Section 603. For aban-donment of fuel oil tanks, this chapter applies.

5. Refrigerant liquids and oils in refrigeration systems(see Section 606).

6. Storage and display of aerosol products complyingwith Chapter 51.

7. Storage and use of liquids that do not have a fire pointwhen tested in accordance with ASTM D 92.

8. Liquids with a flash point greater than 95°F (35°C) ina water-miscible solution or dispersion with a waterand inert (noncombustible) solids content of morethan 80 percent by weight, which do not sustain com-bustion.

9. Liquids without flash points that can be flammableunder some conditions, such as certain halogenatedhydrocarbons and mixtures containing halogenatedhydrocarbons.

10. The storage of distilled spirits and wines in woodenbarrels and casks.

11. Commercial cooking oil storage tank systems locatedwithin a building and designed and installed in accor-dance with Section 610 and NFPA 30.

5701.3 Referenced documents. The applicable requirementsof Chapter 50, other chapters of this code, the International

Building Code and the International Mechanical Code per-taining to flammable liquids shall apply.

5701.4 Permits. Permits are ((shall be)) required as set forthin Sections 105.6 and 105.7, unless a permit has been issuedby the Department of Ecology to install an underground tank.

5701.5 Material classification. Flammable and combustibleliquids shall be classified in accordance with the definitionsin Chapter 2.

When mixed with lower flash-point liquids, Class II or IIIliquids are capable of assuming the characteristics of thelower flash-point liquids. Under such conditions, the appro-priate provisions of this chapter for the actual flash point ofthe mixed liquid shall apply.

When heated above their flash points, Class II and III liq-uids assume the characteristics of Class I liquids. Under suchconditions, the appropriate provisions of this chapter forflammable liquids shall apply.

SECTION 5702DEFINITIONS

5702.1 Definitions. The following terms are defined in Chap-ter 2:

ALCOHOL-BASED HAND RUB.

BULK PLANT OR TERMINAL.

BULK TRANSFER.

COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID.Class II.Class IIIA.Class IIIB.

FIRE POINT.

FLAMMABLE LIQUID.Class IA.Class IB.Class IC.

FLASH POINT.

FUEL LIMIT SWITCH.

LIQUID STORAGE ROOM.

LIQUID STORAGE WAREHOUSE.

MOBILE FUELING.

PROCESS TRANSFER.

REFINERY.

REMOTE EMERGENCY SHUTOFF DEVICE.

REMOTE SOLVENT RESERVOIR.

SOLVENT DISTILLATION UNIT.

TANK, PRIMARY.


408 2015 SEATTLE FIRE CODE

SECTION 5703GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

5703.1 Electrical. Electrical wiring and equipment shall beinstalled and maintained in accordance with Section 605 andNFPA 70.

5703.1.1 Classified locations for flammable liquids.Areas where flammable liquids are stored, handled, dis-pensed or mixed shall be in accordance with Table5703.1.1. A classified area shall not extend beyond anunpierced floor, roof or other solid partition.

The extent of the classified area is allowed to bereduced, or eliminated, where sufficient technical justifi-cation is provided to the fire code official that a concentra-tion in the area in excess of 25 percent of the lowerflammable limit (LFL) cannot be generated.

5703.1.2 Classified locations for combustible liquids.Areas where Class II or III liquids are heated above theirflash points shall have electrical installations in accor-dance with Section 5703.1.1.

Exception: Solvent distillation units in accordancewith Section 5705.4.

5703.1.3 Other applications. The fire code official isauthorized to determine the extent of the Class I electricalequipment and wiring location where a condition is notspecifically covered by these requirements or NFPA 70.

5703.2 Fire protection. Fire protection for the storage, use,dispensing, mixing, handling and on-site transportation offlammable and combustible liquids shall be in accordancewith this chapter and applicable sections of Chapter 9.

5703.2.1 Portable fire extinguishers and hose lines. Por-table fire extinguishers shall be provided in accordancewith Section 906. Hose lines shall be provided in accor-dance with Section 905.

5703.3 Site assessment. In the event of a spill, leak or dis-charge from a tank system, a site assessment shall be com-pleted by the owner or operator of such tank system if the firecode official determines that a potential fire or explosion haz-ard exists. Such site assessments shall be conducted to ascer-tain potential fire hazards and shall be completed andsubmitted to the fire department within a time period estab-lished by the fire code official, not to exceed 60 days.

5703.4 Spill control and secondary containment. Wherethe maximum allowable quantity per control area isexceeded, and where required by Section 5004.2, rooms,buildings or areas used for storage, dispensing, use, mixing orhandling of Class I, II and IIIA liquids shall be provided withspill control and secondary containment in accordance withSection 5004.2.

5703.5 Labeling and signage. The fire code official is autho-rized to require warning signs for the purpose of identifyingthe hazards of storing or using flammable liquids. Signage foridentification and warning such as for the inherent hazard offlammable liquids or smoking shall be provided in accor-dance with this chapter and Sections 5003.5 and 5003.6.

5703.5.1 Style. Warning signs shall be of a durable mate-rial. Signs warning of the hazard of flammable liquids

shall have white lettering on a red background and shallread: DANGER—FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS. Letters shallbe not less than 3 inches (76 mm) in height and 1/2 inch(12.7 mm) in stroke.

5703.5.2 Location. Signs shall be posted in locations asrequired by the fire code official. Piping containing flam-mable liquids shall be identified in accordance withASME A13.1.

5703.5.3 Warning labels. Individual containers, packagesand cartons shall be identified, marked, labeled and plac-arded in accordance with federal regulations and applica-ble state laws.

5703.5.4 Identification. Color coding or other approvedidentification means shall be provided on each loading andunloading riser for flammable or combustible liquids toidentify the contents of the tank served by the riser.

5703.6 Piping systems. Piping systems, and their componentparts, for flammable and combustible liquids shall be inaccordance with Sections 5703.6.1 through 5703.6.11.

5703.6.1 Nonapplicability. The provisions of Section5703.6 shall not apply to gas or oil well installations; pip-ing that is integral to stationary or portable engines,including aircraft, watercraft and motor vehicles; and pip-ing in connection with boilers and pressure vessels regu-lated by the International Mechanical Code.

5703.6.2 Design and fabrication of piping systems andcomponents. Piping system components shall be designedand fabricated in accordance with the applicable standardlisted in Table 5703.6.2 and Chapter 27 of NFPA 30,except as modified by Section 5703.6.2.1.

TABLE 5703.6.2PIPING STANDARDS

5703.6.2.1 Special materials. Low-melting-pointmaterials (such as aluminum, copper or brass), materi-als that soften on fire exposure (such as nonmetallicmaterials) and nonductile material (such as cast iron)shall be acceptable for use underground in accordancewith the applicable standard listed in Table 5703.6.2.Where such materials are used outdoors in above-ground piping systems or within buildings, they shallbe in accordance with the applicable standard listed inTable 5703.6.2 and one of the following:

1. Suitably protected against fire exposure.

2. Located where leakage from failure would notunduly expose people or structures.

3. Located where leakage can be readily controlledby operation of accessible remotely locatedvalves.

In all cases, nonmetallic piping shall be used inaccordance with Section 27.4.6 of NFPA 30.

PIPING USE STANDARD

Power Piping ASME B31.1

Process Piping ASME B31.3

Pipeline Transportation Systems for LiquidHydrocarbons and Other Liquids

ASME B31.4

Building Services Piping ASME B31.9



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5703.6.3 Testing. Unless tested in accordance with theapplicable section of ASME B31.9, piping, before beingcovered, enclosed or placed in use, shall be hydrostaticallytested to 150 percent of the maximum anticipated pressureof the system, or pneumatically tested to 110 percent ofthe maximum anticipated pressure of the system, but notless than 5 pounds per square inch gauge (psig) (34.47kPa) at the highest point of the system. This test shall bemaintained for a sufficient time period to complete visualinspection of joints and connections. For not less than 10minutes, there shall be no leakage or permanent distortion.Care shall be exercised to ensure that these pressures arenot applied to vented storage tanks. Such storage tanksshall be tested independently from the piping.

5703.6.3.1 Existing piping. Existing piping shall betested in accordance with this section where the firecode official has reasonable cause to believe that a leakexists. Piping that could contain flammable or combus-tible liquids shall not be tested pneumatically. Suchtests shall be at the expense of the owner or operator.

Exception: Vapor-recovery piping is allowed to betested using an inert gas.

5703.6.4 Protection from vehicles. Guard posts or otherapproved means shall be provided to protect piping,valves or fittings subject to vehicular damage in accor-dance with Section 312.

5703.6.5 Protection from external corrosion and gal-vanic action. Where subject to external corrosion, piping,related fluid-handling components and supports for bothunderground and above-ground applications shall be fabri-cated from noncorrosive materials, and coated or providedwith corrosion protection. Dissimilar metallic parts thatpromote galvanic action shall not be joined.

5703.6.6 Valves. Piping systems shall contain a sufficientnumber of manual control valves and check valves tooperate the system properly and to protect the plant underboth normal and emergency conditions. Piping systems inconnection with pumps shall contain a sufficient numberof such valves to control properly the flow of liquids innormal operation and in the event of physical damage orfire exposure.

5703.6.6.1 Backflow protections. Connections topipelines or piping by which equipment (such as tankcars, tank vehicles or marine vessels) discharges liquidsinto storage tanks shall be provided with check valvesor block valves for automatic protection against back-flow where the piping arrangement is such that back-flow from the system is possible. Where loading andunloading is done through a common pipe system, acheck valve is not required. However, a block valve,located so as to be readily accessible or remotely opera-ble, shall be provided.

5703.6.6.2 Manual drainage. Manual drainage-controlvalves shall be located at approved locations remotefrom the tanks, diked area, drainage system andimpounding basin to ensure their operation in a firecondition.

5703.6.7 Connections. Above-ground tanks with connec-tions located below normal liquid level shall be providedwith internal or external isolation valves located as closeas practical to the shell of the tank. Except for liquidswhose chemical characteristics are incompatible withsteel, such valves, where external, and their connections tothe tank shall be of steel.

5703.6.8 Piping supports. Piping systems shall be sub-stantially supported and protected against physical damageand excessive stresses arising from settlement, vibration,expansion, contraction or exposure to fire. The supportsshall be protected against exposure to fire by one of thefollowing:

1. Draining liquid away from the piping system at aminimum slope of not less than 1 percent.

2. Providing protection with a fire-resistance rating ofnot less than 2 hours.

3. Other approved methods.

5703.6.9 Flexible joints. Flexible joints shall be listed andapproved and shall be installed on underground liquid,vapor and vent piping at all of the following locations:

1. Where piping connects to underground tanks.

2. Where piping ends at pump islands and vent risers.

3. At points where differential movement in the pipingcan occur.

5703.6.9.1 Fiberglass-reinforced plastic piping.Fiberglass-reinforced plastic (FRP) piping is notrequired to be provided with flexible joints in locationswhere both of the following conditions are present:

1. Piping does not exceed 4 inches (102 mm) indiameter.

2. Piping has a straight run of not less than 4 feet(1219 mm) on one side of the connection wheresuch connections result in a change of direction.

In lieu of the minimum 4-foot (1219 mm) straightrun length, approved and listed flexible joints areallowed to be used under dispensers and suctionpumps, at submerged pumps and tanks, and wherevents extend above ground.

5703.6.10 Pipe joints. Joints shall be liquid tight and shallbe welded, flanged or threaded except that listed flexibleconnectors are allowed in accordance with Section5703.6.9. Threaded or flanged joints shall fit tightly byusing approved methods and materials for the type ofjoint. Joints in piping systems used for Class I liquids shallbe welded where located in concealed spaces within build-ings.

Nonmetallic joints shall be approved and shall beinstalled in accordance with the manufacturer’s instruc-tions.

Pipe joints that are dependent on the friction character-istics or resiliency of combustible materials for liquidtightness of piping shall not be used in buildings. Pipingshall be secured to prevent disengagement at the fitting.



5703.6.11 Bends. Pipe and tubing shall be bent in accor-dance with ASME B31.9.

SECTION 5704STORAGE

5704.1 General. The storage of flammable and combustibleliquids in containers and tanks shall be in accordance withthis section and the applicable sections of Chapter 50.

5704.2 Tank storage. The provisions of this section shallapply to:

1. The storage of flammable and combustible liquids infixed above-ground and underground tanks.

2. The storage of flammable and combustible liquids infixed above-ground tanks inside of buildings.

3. The storage of flammable and combustible liquids inportable tanks whose capacity exceeds 660 gallons(2498 L).

4. The installation of such tanks and portable tanks.

5704.2.1 Change of tank contents. Tanks subject tochange in contents shall be in accordance with Section5704.2.7. Prior to a change in contents, the fire code offi-cial is authorized to require testing of a tank.

Tanks that have previously contained Class I liquidsshall not be loaded with Class II or Class III liquids untilsuch tanks and all piping, pumps, hoses and meters con-nected thereto have been completely drained and flushed.

5704.2.2 Use of tank vehicles and tank cars as storagetanks. Tank cars and tank vehicles shall not be used asstorage tanks.

5704.2.3 Labeling and signs. Labeling and signs for stor-age tanks and storage tank areas shall comply with Sec-tions 5704.2.3.1 and 5704.2.3.2.

5704.2.3.1 Smoking and open flame. Signs shall beposted in storage areas prohibiting open flames andsmoking. Signs shall comply with Section 5703.5.

5704.2.3.2 Label or placard. Tanks more than 100gallons (379 L) in capacity, which are permanentlyinstalled or mounted and used for the storage of Class I,II or III liquids, shall bear a label and placard identify-ing the material therein. Placards shall be in accordancewith NFPA 704.

Exceptions:

1. Tanks of 300-gallon (1136 L) capacity or lesslocated on private property and used for heat-ing and cooking fuels in single-family dwell-ings.

2. Tanks located underground.

5704.2.4 Sources of ignition. Smoking and open flamesare prohibited in storage areas in accordance with Section5003.7.

Exception: Areas designated as smoking and hot workareas, and areas where hot work permits have beenissued in accordance with this code.

5704.2.5 Explosion control. Explosion control shall beprovided in accordance with Section 911 for indoor tanks.

5704.2.6 Separation from incompatible materials. Stor-age of flammable and combustible liquids shall be sepa-rated from incompatible materials in accordance withSection 5003.9.8.

Grass, weeds, combustible materials and waste Class I,II or IIIA liquids shall not be accumulated in an unsafemanner at a storage site.

5704.2.7 Design, fabrication and construction require-ments for tanks. The design, fabrication and constructionof tanks shall comply with NFPA 30. Each tank shall beara permanent nameplate or marking indicating the standardused as the basis of design.

5704.2.7.1 Materials used in tank construction. Thematerials used in tank construction shall be in accor-dance with NFPA 30. The materials of construction fortanks and their appurtenances shall be compatible withthe liquids to be stored.

5704.2.7.2 Pressure limitations for tanks. Tanks shallbe designed for the pressures to which they will be sub-jected in accordance with NFPA 30.

5704.2.7.3 Tank vents for normal venting. Tankvents for normal venting shall be installed and main-tained in accordance with Sections 5704.2.7.3.1through 5704.2.7.3.5.3.

5704.2.7.3.1 Vent lines. Vent lines from tanks shallnot be used for purposes other than venting unlessapproved.

5704.2.7.3.2 Vent-line flame arresters and pres-sure-vacuum vents. Listed or approved flamearresters or pressure-vacuum (PV) vents that remainclosed unless venting under pressure or vacuumconditions shall be installed in normal vents of tankscontaining Class IB and IC liquids.

Exception: Where determined by the fire codeofficial that the use of such devices can result indamage to the tank.

Vent-line flame arresters shall be installed inaccordance with their listing or API 2000 and main-tained in accordance with Section 21.8.6 of NFPA30 or API 2000. In-line flame arresters in piping sys-tems shall be installed and maintained in accordancewith their listing or API 2028. Pressure-vacuumvents shall be installed in accordance with Section21.4.3 of NFPA 30 or API 2000 and maintained inaccordance with Section 21.8.6 of NFPA 30 or API2000.

5704.2.7.3.3 Vent pipe outlets. Vent pipe outletsfor tanks storing Class I, II or IIIA liquids shall belocated such that the vapors are released at a safepoint outside of buildings and not less than 12 feet(3658 mm) above the finished ground level. Vaporsshall be discharged upward or horizontally awayfrom adjacent walls to assist in vapor dispersion.Vent outlets shall be located such that flammable



vapors will not be trapped by eaves or other obstruc-tions and shall be not less than 5 feet (1524 mm)from building openings or lot lines of properties thatcan be built upon. Vent outlets on atmospheric tanksstoring Class IIIB liquids are allowed to dischargeinside a building where the vent is a normally closedvent.

Exception: Vent pipe outlets on tanks storingClass IIIB liquid inside buildings and connectedto fuel-burning equipment shall be located suchthat the vapors are released to a safe location out-side of buildings.

5704.2.7.3.4 Installation of vent piping. Vent pip-ing shall be designed, sized, constructed andinstalled in accordance with Section 5703.6. Ventpipes shall be installed such that they will draintoward the tank without sags or traps in which liquidcan collect. Vent pipes shall be installed in such amanner so as not to be subject to physical damage orvibration.

5704.2.7.3.5 Manifolding. Tank vent piping shallnot be manifolded unless required for special pur-poses such as vapor recovery, vapor conservation orair pollution control.

5704.2.7.3.5.1 Above-ground tanks. For above-ground tanks, manifolded vent pipes shall be ade-quately sized to prevent system pressure limitsfrom being exceeded where manifolded tanks aresubject to the same fire exposure.

5704.2.7.3.5.2 Underground tanks. For under-ground tanks, manifolded vent pipes shall besized to prevent system pressure limits frombeing exceeded when manifolded tanks are filledsimultaneously.

5704.2.7.3.5.3 Tanks storing Class I liquids.Vent piping for tanks storing Class I liquids shallnot be manifolded with vent piping for tanks stor-ing Class II and III liquids unless positive meansare provided to prevent the vapors from Class Iliquids from entering tanks storing Class II andIII liquids, to prevent contamination and possiblechange in classification of less volatile liquid.

5704.2.7.4 Emergency venting. Stationary, above-ground tanks shall be equipped with additional ventingthat will relieve excessive internal pressure caused byexposure to fires. Emergency vents for Class I, II andIIIA liquids shall ((not discharge inside buildings)) ter-minate outside buildings in accordance with Section5704.2.7.3.3. The venting shall be installed and main-tained in accordance with Section 22.7 of NFPA 30.

Exceptions:

1. Tanks larger than 12,000 gallons (45 420 L) incapacity storing Class IIIB liquids that are notwithin the diked area or the drainage path ofClass I or II liquids do not require emergencyrelief venting.

2. Emergency vents on protected above-groundtanks complying with UL 2085 containingClass II or IIIA liquids are allowed to dis-charge inside the building.

5704.2.7.5 Tank openings other than vents. Tankopenings for other than vents shall comply with Sec-tions 5704.2.7.5.1 through 5704.2.7.5.8.

5704.2.7.5.1 Connections below liquid level. Con-nections for tank openings below the liquid levelshall be liquid tight.

5704.2.7.5.2 Filling, emptying and vapor recoveryconnections. Filling, emptying and vapor recoveryconnections to tanks containing Class I, II or IIIAliquids shall be located outside of buildings in accor-dance with Section 5704.2.7.5.6 at a location freefrom sources of ignition and not less than 5 feet(1524 mm) away from building openings or lot linesof property that can be built upon. Such openingsshall be properly identified and provided with a liq-uid-tight cap that shall be closed when not in use.

Filling and emptying connections to indoor tankscontaining Class IIIB liquids and connected to fuel-burning equipment shall be located at a finishedground level location outside of buildings. Suchopenings shall be provided with a liquid-tight capthat shall be closed when not in use. A sign in accor-dance with Section 5003.6 that displays the follow-ing warning shall be permanently attached at thefilling location:

TRANSFERRING FUEL OTHER THANCLASS IIIB COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID TO

THIS TANK CONNECTION IS A VIOLATIONOF THE FIRE CODE AND IS STRICTLY

PROHIBITED

5704.2.7.5.3 Piping, connections and fittings. Pip-ing, connections, fittings and other appurtenancesshall be installed in accordance with Section 5703.6.

5704.2.7.5.4 Manual gauging. Openings for man-ual gauging, if independent of the fill pipe, shall beprovided with a liquid-tight cap or cover. Coversshall be kept closed when not gauging. If inside abuilding, such openings shall be protected againstliquid overflow and possible vapor release by meansof a spring-loaded check valve or other approveddevice.

5704.2.7.5.5 Fill pipes and discharge lines. Fortop-loaded tanks, a metallic fill pipe shall bedesigned and installed to minimize the generation ofstatic electricity by terminating the pipe within 6inches (152 mm) of the bottom of the tank, and itshall be installed in a manner that avoids excessivevibration.

5704.2.7.5.5.1 Class I liquids. For Class I liquidsother than crude oil, gasoline and asphalt, the fillpipe shall be designed and installed in a mannerthat will minimize the possibility of generating



static electricity by terminating within 6 inches(152 mm) of the bottom of the tank.

5704.2.7.5.5.2 Underground tanks. For under-ground tanks, fill pipe and discharge lines shallenter only through the top. Fill lines shall besloped toward the tank. Underground tanks forClass I liquids having a capacity greater than1,000 gallons (3785 L) shall be equipped with atight fill device for connecting the fill hose to thetank.

5704.2.7.5.6 Location of connections that aremade or broken. Filling, withdrawal and vapor-recovery connections for Class I, II and IIIA liquidswhich are made and broken shall be located outsideof buildings, not more than 5 feet (1524 mm) abovethe finished ground level, in an approved location inclose proximity to the parked delivery vehicle. Suchlocation shall be away from sources of ignition andnot less than 5 feet (1524 mm) away from buildingopenings. Such connections shall be closed and liq-uid tight when not in use and shall be properly iden-tified.

Exception: Fill connections for diesel fuel tanksattached to emergency generators may be locatedwithin dedicated loading docks of buildings ifinstalled within 10 feet (3048 mm) of the exterioropening of the loading dock and if the loadingdock entrance doors have openings comprising atleast 50 percent of the door area.

5704.2.7.5.7 Protection against vapor release.Tank openings provided for purposes of vaporrecovery shall be protected against possible vaporrelease by means of a spring-loaded check valve ordry-break connections, or other approved device,unless the opening is a pipe connected to a vaporprocessing system. Openings designed for combinedfill and vapor recovery shall also be protectedagainst vapor release unless connection of the liquiddelivery line to the fill pipe simultaneously connectsthe vapor recovery line. Connections shall be vaportight.

5704.2.7.5.8 Overfill prevention. An approvedmeans or method in accordance with Section5704.2.9.7.5 shall be provided to prevent the overfillof all Class I, II and IIIA liquid storage tanks. Stor-age tanks in refineries, bulk plants or terminals regu-lated by Section 5706.4 or 5706.7 shall have overfillprotection in accordance with API 2350.

An approved means or method in accordancewith Section 5704.2.9.7.5 shall be provided to pre-vent the overfilling of Class IIIB liquid storage tanksconnected to fuel-burning equipment inside build-ings.

Exception: Outside above-ground tanks with acapacity of 1,320 gallons (5000 L) or less.

5704.2.7.6 Repair, alteration or reconstruction oftanks and piping. The repair, alteration or reconstruc-

tion, including welding, cutting and hot tapping of stor-age tanks and piping that have been placed in service,shall be in accordance with NFPA 30. Hot work, asdefined in Section 202, on such tanks shall be con-ducted in accordance with Section 3510.

5704.2.7.7 Design of supports. The design of the sup-porting structure for tanks shall be in accordance withthe International Building Code and NFPA 30.

5704.2.7.8 Locations subject to flooding. Where atank is located in an area where it is subject to buoy-ancy because of a rise in the water table, flooding oraccumulation of water from fire suppression opera-tions, uplift protection shall be provided in accordancewith Sections 22.14 and 23.14 of NFPA 30.

5704.2.7.9 Corrosion protection. Where subject toexternal corrosion, tanks shall be fabricated from corro-sion-resistant materials, coated or provided with corro-sion protection in accordance with Section 23.3.5 ofNFPA 30.

5704.2.7.10 Leak reporting. A consistent or accidentalloss of liquid, or other indication of a leak from a tanksystem, shall be reported immediately to the fire depart-ment, the fire code official and other authorities havingjurisdiction.

5704.2.7.10.1 Leaking tank disposition. Leakingtanks shall be promptly emptied, repaired andreturned to service, abandoned or removed in accor-dance with Section 5704.2.13 or 5704.2.14.

5704.2.7.11 Tank lining. Steel tanks are allowed to belined only for the purpose of protecting the interiorfrom corrosion or providing compatibility with a mate-rial to be stored. Only those liquids tested for compati-bility with the lining material are allowed to be storedin lined tanks.

5704.2.8 Vaults. Vaults shall be allowed to be eitherabove or below grade and shall comply with Sections5704.2.8.1 through 5704.2.8.18.

5704.2.8.1 Listing required. Vaults shall be listed inaccordance with UL 2245.

Exception: Where approved by the fire code offi-cial, below-grade vaults are allowed to be con-structed on site, provided that the design is inaccordance with the International Building Codeand that special inspections are conducted to verifystructural strength and compliance of the installationwith the approved design in accordance with Sec-tion 1707 of the International Building Code. Instal-lation plans for below-grade vaults that areconstructed on site shall be prepared by, and thedesign shall bear the stamp of, a professional engi-neer. Consideration shall be given to soil and hydro-static loading on the floors, walls and lid; anticipatedseismic forces; uplifting by groundwater or flood-ing; and to loads imposed from above such as trafficand equipment loading on the vault lid.

5704.2.8.2 Design and construction. The vault shallcompletely enclose each tank. There shall not be open-



ings in the vault enclosure except those necessary foraccess to, inspection of, and filling, emptying and vent-ing of the tank. The walls and floor of the vault shall beconstructed of reinforced concrete not less than 6inches (152 mm) thick. The top of an above-grade vaultshall be constructed of noncombustible material andshall be designed to be weaker than the walls of thevault, to ensure that the thrust of an explosion occurringinside the vault is directed upward before significantlyhigh pressure can develop within the vault.

The top of an at-grade or below-grade vault shall bedesigned to relieve safely or contain the force of anexplosion occurring inside the vault. The top and floorof the vault and the tank foundation shall be designed towithstand the anticipated loading, including loadingfrom vehicular traffic, where applicable. The walls andfloor of a vault installed below grade shall be designedto withstand anticipated soil and hydrostatic loading.

Vaults shall be designed to be wind and earthquakeresistant, in accordance with the International BuildingCode.

5704.2.8.3 Secondary containment. Vaults shall besubstantially liquid tight and there shall not be backfillaround the tank or within the vault. The vault floorshall drain to a sump. For premanufactured vaults, liq-uid tightness shall be certified as part of the listing pro-vided by a nationally recognized testing laboratory. Forfield-erected vaults, liquid tightness shall be certified inan approved manner.

5704.2.8.4 Internal clearance. There shall be suffi-cient clearance between the tank and the vault to allowfor visual inspection and maintenance of the tank andits appurtenances. Dispensing devices are allowed to beinstalled on tops of vaults.

5704.2.8.5 Anchoring. Vaults and their tanks shall besuitably anchored to withstand uplifting by groundwater or flooding, including when the tank is empty.

5704.2.8.6 Vehicle impact protection. Vaults shall beresistant to damage from the impact of a motor vehicle,or vehicle impact protection shall be provided in accor-dance with Section 312.

5704.2.8.7 Arrangement. Tanks shall be listed forabove-ground use, and each tank shall be in its ownvault. Compartmentalized tanks shall be allowed andshall be considered as a single tank. Adjacent vaultsshall be allowed to share a common wall. The commonwall shall be liquid and vapor tight and shall bedesigned to withstand the load imposed when the vaulton either side of the wall is filled with water.

5704.2.8.8 Connections. Connections shall be pro-vided to permit venting of each vault to dilute, disperseand remove vapors prior to personnel entering thevault.

5704.2.8.9 Ventilation. Vaults that contain tanks ofClass I liquids shall be provided with an exhaust venti-lation system installed in accordance with Section5004.3. The ventilation system shall operate continu-

ously or be designed to operate upon activation of thevapor or liquid detection system. The system shall pro-vide ventilation at a rate of not less than 1 cubic footper minute (cfm) per square foot of floor area [0.00508m3/(s · m2)], but not less than 150 cfm (4 m3/min). Theexhaust system shall be designed to provide air move-ment across all parts of the vault floor. Supply andexhaust ducts shall extend to within 3 inches (76 mm),but not more than 12 inches (305 mm), of the floor. Theexhaust system shall be installed in accordance with theInternational Mechanical Code.

5704.2.8.10 Liquid detection. Vaults shall beequipped with a detection system capable of detectingliquids, including water, and activating an alarm.

5704.2.8.11 Monitoring and detection. Vaults shall beprovided with approved vapor and liquid detection sys-tems and equipped with on-site audible and visualwarning devices with battery backup. Vapor detectionsystems shall sound an alarm when the system detectsvapors that reach or exceed 25 percent of the lowerexplosive limit (LEL) of the liquid stored. Vapor detec-tors shall be located not higher than 12 inches (305mm) above the lowest point in the vault. Liquid detec-tion systems shall sound an alarm upon detection of anyliquid, including water. Liquid detectors shall belocated in accordance with the manufacturer’s instruc-tions. Activation of either vapor or liquid detection sys-tems shall cause a signal to be sounded at an approved,constantly attended location within the facility servingthe tanks or at an approved location. Activation ofvapor detection systems shall also shut off dispenserpumps.

5704.2.8.12 Liquid removal. Means shall be providedto recover liquid from the vault. Where a pump is usedto meet this requirement, the pump shall not be perma-nently installed in the vault. Electric-powered portablepumps shall be suitable for use in Class I, Division 1, orZone 0 locations, as defined in NFPA 70.

5704.2.8.13 Normal vents. Vent pipes that are pro-vided for normal tank venting shall terminate not lessthan 12 feet (3658 mm) above ground level.

5704.2.8.14 Emergency vents. Emergency vents shallbe vapor tight and shall be allowed to discharge insidethe vault. Long-bolt manhole covers shall not beallowed for this purpose.

5704.2.8.15 Accessway. Vaults shall be provided withan approved personnel accessway with a minimumdimension of 30 inches (762 mm) and with a perma-nently affixed, nonferrous ladder. Accessways shall bedesigned to be nonsparking. Travel distance from anypoint inside a vault to an accessway shall not exceed 20feet (6096 mm). At each entry point, a warning signindicating the need for procedures for safe entry intoconfined spaces shall be posted. Entry points shall besecured against unauthorized entry and vandalism.

5704.2.8.16 Fire protection. Vaults shall be providedwith a suitable means to admit a fire suppression agent.



5704.2.8.17 Classified area. The interior of a vaultcontaining a tank that stores a Class I liquid shall bedesignated a Class I, Division 1, or Zone 0 location, asdefined in NFPA 70.

5704.2.8.18 Overfill protection. Overfill protectionshall be provided in accordance with Section5704.2.9.7.6. The use of a float vent valve shall be pro-hibited.

5704.2.9 Above-ground tanks. Above-ground storage offlammable and combustible liquids in tanks shall complywith Section 5704.2 and Sections 5704.2.9.1 through5704.2.9.7.9.

5704.2.9.1 Existing noncompliant installations.Existing above-ground tanks shall be maintained inaccordance with the code requirements that were appli-cable at the time of installation. Above-ground tanksthat were installed in violation of code requirementsapplicable at the time of installation shall be made codecompliant or shall be removed in accordance with Sec-tion 5704.2.14, regardless of whether such tank hasbeen previously inspected (see Section 106.4).

5704.2.9.2 Fire protection. Fire protection for above-ground tanks shall comply with Sections 5704.2.9.2.1through 5704.2.9.2.4.

5704.2.9.2.1 Required foam fire protection sys-tems. Where required by the fire code official, foamfire protection shall be provided for above-groundtanks, other than pressure tanks operating at orabove 1 pound per square inch gauge (psig) (6.89kPa) where such tank, or group of tanks spaced lessthan 50 feet (15 240 mm) apart measured shell toshell, has a liquid surface area in excess of 1,500square feet (139 m2), and is in accordance with oneof the following:

1. Used for the storage of Class I or II liquids.

2. Used for the storage of crude oil.

3. Used for in-process products and is locatedwithin 100 feet (30 480 mm) of a fired still,heater, related fractioning or processing appa-ratus or similar device at a processing plant orpetroleum refinery as herein defined.

4. Considered by the fire code official as posingan unusual exposure hazard because of topo-graphical conditions; nature of occupancy,proximity on the same or adjoining property,and height and character of liquids to bestored; degree of private fire protection to beprovided; and facilities of the fire departmentto cope with flammable liquid fires.

5704.2.9.2.2 Foam fire protection system installa-tion. Where foam fire protection is required, it shallbe installed in accordance with NFPA 11.

5704.2.9.2.2.1 Foam storage. Where foam fireprotection is required, foam-producing materialsshall be stored on the premises.

Exception: Storage of foam-producing mate-rials off the premises is allowed as follows:

1. Such materials stored off the premisesshall be of the proper type suitable foruse with the equipment at the installationwhere required.

2. Such materials shall be readily availableat the storage location at all times.

3. Adequate loading and transportationfacilities shall be provided.

4. The time required to deliver suchmaterials to the required location in theevent of fire shall be consistent with thehazards and fire scenarios for which thefoam supply is intended.

5. At the time of a fire, these off-premisessupplies shall be accumulated insufficient quantities before placing theequipment in operation to ensure foamproduction at an adequate rate withoutinterruption until extinguishment isaccomplished.

5704.2.9.2.3 Fire protection of supports. Supportsor pilings for above-ground tanks storing Class I, IIor IIIA liquids elevated more than 12 inches (305mm) above grade shall have a fire-resistance ratingof not less than 2 hours in accordance with the fireexposure criteria specified in ASTM E 1529.

Exceptions:

1. Structural supports tested as part of a pro-tected above-ground tank in accordancewith UL 2085.

2. Stationary tanks located outside of build-ings where protected by an approvedwater-spray system designed in accordancewith Chapter 9 and NFPA 15.

3. Stationary tanks located inside of buildingsequipped throughout with an approvedautomatic sprinkler system designed inaccordance with Section 903.3.1.1.

5704.2.9.2.4 Inerting of tanks storing boilover liq-uids. Liquids with boilover characteristics shall notbe stored in fixed roof tanks larger than 150 feet (45720 mm) in diameter unless an approved gas enrich-ment or inerting system is provided on the tank.

Exception: Crude oil storage tanks in productionfields with no other exposures adjacent to thestorage tank.

5704.2.9.3 Supports, foundations and anchorage.Supports, foundations and anchorages for above-ground tanks shall be designed and constructed inaccordance with NFPA 30 and the International Build-ing Code.

5704.2.9.4 Stairways, platforms and walkways.Stairways, platforms and walkways shall be of non-



combustible construction and shall be designed andconstructed in accordance with NFPA 30 and the Inter-national Building Code.

5704.2.9.5 Above-ground tanks inside of buildings.Above-ground tanks inside of buildings shall complywith Sections 5704.2.9.5.1 and 5704.2.9.5.2.

5704.2.9.5.1 Overfill prevention. Above-groundtanks storing Class I, II and IIIA liquids inside build-ings shall be equipped with a device or other meansto prevent overflow into the building including, butnot limited to: a float valve; a preset meter on the fillline; a valve actuated by the weight of the tank’scontents; a low-head pump that is incapable of pro-ducing overflow; or a liquid-tight overflow pipe notless than one pipe size larger than the fill pipe anddischarging by gravity back to the outside source ofliquid or to an approved location. Tanks containingClass IIIB liquids and connected to fuel-burningequipment shall be provided with a means to preventoverflow into buildings in accordance with Section5704.2.7.5.8.

5704.2.9.5.2 Fill pipe connections. Fill pipe con-nections for tanks storing Class I, II and IIIA liquidsand Class IIIB liquids connected to fuel-burningequipment shall be in accordance with Section5704.2.9.7.6.

5704.2.9.6 Above-ground tanks outside of buildings.Above-ground tanks outside of buildings shall complywith Sections 5704.2.9.6.1 through 5704.2.9.6.3.

5704.2.9.6.1 Locations where above-ground tanksare prohibited. Storage of Class I and II liquids inabove-ground tanks outside of buildings is prohib-ited within the limits established by law as the limitsof districts in which such storage is prohibited (seeSection 3 of the Sample Legislation for Adoption ofthe International Fire Code on page xxi).

5704.2.9.6.1.1 Location of tanks with pressures2.5 psig or less. Above-ground tanks operating atpressures not exceeding 2.5 psig (17.2 kPa) forstorage of Class I, II or IIIA liquids, which aredesigned with a floating roof, a weak roof-to-shell seam or equipped with emergency ventingdevices limiting pressure to 2.5 psig (17.2 kPa),shall be located in accordance with Table22.4.1.1(a) of NFPA 30.

Exceptions:

1. Vertical tanks having a weak roof-to-shell seam and storing Class IIIA liquidsare allowed to be located at one-half thedistances specified in Table 22.4.1.1(a)of NFPA 30, provided the tanks are notwithin a diked area or drainage path fora tank storing Class I or II liquids.

2. Liquids with boilover characteristicsand unstable liquids in accordance withSections 5704.2.9.6.1.3 and5704.2.9.6.1.4.

3. For protected above-ground tanks inaccordance with Section 5704.2.9.7 andtanks in at-grade or above-grade vaultsin accordance with Section 5704.2.8, thedistances in Table 22.4.1.1(b) of NFPA30 shall apply and shall be reduced byone-half, but not to less than 5 feet(1524 mm).

5704.2.9.6.1.2 Location of tanks with pressuresexceeding 2.5 psig. Above-ground tanks for thestorage of Class I, II or IIIA liquids operating atpressures exceeding 2.5 psig (17.2 kPa) orequipped with emergency venting allowing pres-sures to exceed 2.5 psig (17.2 kPa) shall belocated in accordance with Table 22.4.1.3 ofNFPA 30.

Exception: Liquids with boilover characteris-tics and unstable liquids in accordance withSections 5704.2.9.6.1.4 and 5704.2.9.6.1.5.

5704.2.9.6.1.3 Location of tanks storing boi-lover liquids. Above-ground tanks for storage ofliquids with boilover characteristics shall belocated in accordance with Table 22.4.1.4 ofNFPA 30.

5704.2.9.6.1.4 Location of tanks storing unsta-ble liquids. Above-ground tanks for the storageof unstable liquids shall be located in accordancewith Table 22.4.1.5 of NFPA 30.

5704.2.9.6.1.5 Location of tanks storing ClassIIIB liquids. Above-ground tanks for the stor-age of Class IIIB liquids, excluding unstable liq-uids, shall be located in accordance with Table22.4.1.6 of NFPA 30, except where locatedwithin a diked area or drainage path for a tank ortanks storing Class I or II liquids. Where a ClassIIIB liquid storage tank is within the diked areaor drainage path for a Class I or II liquid, dis-tances required by Section 5704.2.9.6.1.1 shallapply.

5704.2.9.6.1.6 Reduction of separation dis-tances to adjacent property. Where two tankproperties of diverse ownership have a commonboundary, the fire code official is authorized to,with the written consent of the owners of the twoproperties, apply the distances in Sections5704.2.9.6.1.2 through 5704.2.9.6.1.5 assuming asingle property.

5704.2.9.6.2 Separation between adjacent stableor unstable liquid tanks. The separation betweentanks containing stable liquids shall be in accor-dance with Table 22.4.2.1 of NFPA 30. Where tanksare in a diked area containing Class I or II liquids, orin the drainage path of Class I or II liquids, and arecompacted in three or more rows or in an irregularpattern, the fire code official is authorized to requiregreater separation than specified in Table 22.4.2.1 ofNFPA 30 or other means to make tanks in the inte-



rior of the pattern accessible for fire-fighting pur-poses.

Exception: Tanks used for storing Class IIIB liq-uids are allowed to be spaced 3 feet (914 mm)apart unless within a diked area or drainage pathfor a tank storing Class I or II liquids.

The separation between tanks containing unsta-ble liquids shall be not less than one-half the sum oftheir diameters.

5704.2.9.6.3 Separation between adjacent tankscontaining flammable or combustible liquids andLP-gas. The minimum horizontal separationbetween an LP-gas container and a Class I, II or IIIAliquid storage tank shall be 20 feet (6096 mm)except in the case of Class I, II or IIIA liquid tanksoperating at pressures exceeding 2.5 psig (17.2 kPa)or equipped with emergency venting allowing pres-sures to exceed 2.5 psig (17.2 kPa), in which casethe provisions of Section 5704.2.9.6.2 shall apply.

An approved means shall be provided to preventthe accumulation of Class I, II or IIIA liquids underadjacent LP-gas containers such as by dikes, diver-sion curbs or grading. Where flammable or combus-tible liquid storage tanks are within a diked area, theLP-gas containers shall be outside the diked areaand not less than 10 feet (3048 mm) away from thecenterline of the wall of the diked area.

Exceptions:

1. Liquefied petroleum gas containers of 125gallons (473 L) or less in capacity installedadjacent to fuel-oil supply tanks of 660 gal-lons (2498 L) or less in capacity.

2. Horizontal separation is not requiredbetween above-ground LP-gas containersand underground flammable and combusti-ble liquid tanks.

5704.2.9.7 Additional requirements for protectedabove-ground tanks. In addition to the requirementsof this chapter for above-ground tanks, the installationof protected above-ground tanks shall be in accordancewith Sections 5704.2.9.7.1 through 5704.2.9.7.9.

5704.2.9.7.1 Tank construction. The constructionof a protected above-ground tank and its primarytank shall be in accordance with Section 5704.2.7.

5704.2.9.7.2 Normal and emergency venting. Nor-mal and emergency venting for protected above-ground tanks shall be provided in accordance withSections 5704.2.7.3 and 5704.2.7.4. The vent capac-ity reduction factor shall not be allowed.

5704.2.9.7.3 Secondary containment. Protectedabove-ground tanks shall be provided with second-ary containment, drainage control or diking in accor-dance with Section 5004.2. A means shall beprovided to establish the integrity of the secondarycontainment in accordance with NFPA 30.

Exception: Double wall tanks where all pipingconnections to the tank are located above themaximum liquid level, and a means is providedto prevent the release of liquids from the tank bysiphon.

5704.2.9.7.4 Vehicle impact protection. Whereprotected above-ground tanks, piping, electrical con-duit or dispensers are subject to vehicular impact,they shall be protected therefrom, either by havingthe impact protection incorporated into the systemdesign in compliance with the impact test protocolof UL 2085, or by meeting the provisions of Section312, or where necessary, a combination of both.Where guard posts or other approved barriers areprovided, they shall be independent of each above-ground tank.

5704.2.9.7.5 Overfill prevention. Protected above-ground tanks shall not be filled in excess of 95 per-cent of their capacity. An overfill prevention systemshall be provided for each tank. During tank-fillingoperations, the system shall comply with one of thefollowing:

1. The system shall:

1.1. Provide an independent means ofnotifying the person filling the tankthat the fluid level has reached 90percent of tank capacity by providingan audible or visual alarm signal,providing a tank level gauge marked at90 percent of tank capacity, or otherapproved means; and

1.2. Automatically shut off the flow of fuelto the tank when the quantity of liquidin the tank reaches 95 percent of tankcapacity. For rigid hose fuel-deliverysystems, an approved means shall beprovided to empty the fill hose into thetank after the automatic shutoff deviceis activated.

2. The system shall reduce the flow rate to notmore than 15 gallons per minute (0.95 L/s) sothat at the reduced flow rate, the tank will notoverfill for 30 minutes, and automatically shutoff flow into the tank so that none of the fit-tings on the top of the tank are exposed toproduct because of overfilling.

5704.2.9.7.5.1 Information signs. A permanentsign shall be provided at the fill point for thetank, documenting the filling procedure and thetank calibration chart.

Exception: Where climatic conditions aresuch that the sign may be obscured by ice orsnow, or weathered beyond readability or oth-erwise impaired, said procedures and chartshall be located in the office window, lock boxor other area accessible to the person fillingthe tank.



5704.2.9.7.5.2 Determination of available tankcapacity. The filling procedure shall require theperson filling the tank to determine the gallonage(literage) required to fill it to 90 percent of capac-ity before commencing the fill operation.

5704.2.9.7.6 Fill pipe connections. The fill pipeshall be provided with a means for making a directconnection to the tank vehicle’s fuel delivery hoseso that the delivery of fuel is not exposed to the openair during the filling operation. Where any portion ofthe fill pipe exterior to the tank extends below thelevel of the top of the tank, a check valve shall beinstalled in the fill pipe not more than 12 inches (305mm) from the fill hose connection.

5704.2.9.7.7 Spill containers. A spill container hav-ing a capacity of not less than 5 gallons (19 L) shallbe provided for each fill connection. For tanks witha top fill connection, spill containers shall be non-combustible and shall be fixed to the tank andequipped with a manual drain valve that drains intothe primary tank. For tanks with a remote fill con-nection, a portable spill container shall be allowed.

5704.2.9.7.8 Tank openings. Tank openings in pro-tected above-ground tanks shall be through the toponly.

5704.2.9.7.9 Antisiphon devices. Approved antisi-phon devices shall be installed in each external pipeconnected to the protected above-ground tank wherethe pipe extends below the level of the top of thetank.

5704.2.10 Drainage and diking. The area surrounding atank or group of tanks shall be provided with drainagecontrol or shall be diked to prevent accidental discharge ofliquid from endangering adjacent tanks, adjoining prop-erty or reaching waterways.

Exceptions:

1. The fire code official is authorized to alter orwaive these requirements based on a technicalreport that demonstrates that such tank or groupof tanks does not constitute a hazard to othertanks, waterways or adjoining property, afterconsideration of special features such as topo-graphical conditions, nature of occupancy andproximity to buildings on the same or adjacentproperty, capacity, and construction of proposedtanks and character of liquids to be stored, andnature and quantity of private and public fire pro-tection provided.

2. Drainage control and diking is not required forlisted secondary containment tanks.

5704.2.10.1 Volumetric capacity. The volumetriccapacity of the diked area shall be not less than thegreatest amount of liquid that can be released from thelargest tank within the diked area. The capacity of thediked area enclosing more than one tank shall be calcu-lated by deducting the volume of the tanks other thanthe largest tank below the height of the dike.

5704.2.10.2 Diked areas containing two or moretanks. Diked areas containing two or more tanks shallbe subdivided in accordance with NFPA 30.

5704.2.10.3 Protection of piping from exposure fires.Piping shall not pass through adjacent diked areas orimpounding basins, unless provided with a sealedsleeve or otherwise protected from exposure to fire.

5704.2.10.4 Combustible materials in diked areas.Diked areas shall be kept free from combustible materi-als, drums and barrels.

5704.2.10.5 Equipment, controls and piping in dikedareas. Pumps, manifolds and fire protection equipmentor controls shall not be located within diked areas ordrainage basins or in a location where such equipmentand controls would be endangered by fire in the dikedarea or drainage basin. Piping above ground shall beminimized and located as close as practical to the shellof the tank in diked areas or drainage basins.

Exceptions:

1. Pumps, manifolds and piping integral to thetanks or equipment being served, which is pro-tected by intermediate diking, berms, drainageor fire protection such as water spray, moni-tors or resistive coating.

2. Fire protection equipment or controls that areappurtenances to the tanks or equipment beingprotected, such as foam chambers or foam pip-ing and water or foam monitors and hydrants,or hand and wheeled extinguishers.

5704.2.11 Underground tanks. Underground storage offlammable and combustible liquids in tanks shall complywith Section 5704.2 and Sections 5704.2.11.1 through5704.2.11.4.2.

5704.2.11.1 Location. Flammable and combustible liq-uid storage tanks located underground, either outside orunder buildings, shall be in accordance with all of thefollowing:

1. Tanks shall be located with respect to existingfoundations and supports such that the loads car-ried by the latter cannot be transmitted to thetank.

2. The distance from any part of a tank storing liq-uids to the nearest wall of a basement, pit, cellaror lot line shall be not less than 3 feet (914 mm).

3. A minimum distance of 1 foot (305 mm), shell toshell, shall be maintained between undergroundtanks.

5704.2.11.2 Depth and cover. Excavation for under-ground storage tanks shall be made with due care toavoid undermining of foundations of existing struc-tures. Underground tanks shall be set on firm founda-tions and surrounded with not less than 6 inches (152mm) of noncorrosive inert material, such as clean sand.

5704.2.11.3 Overfill protection and prevention sys-tems. Fill pipes shall be equipped with a spill container



and an overfill prevention system in accordance withNFPA 30.

5704.2.11.4 Leak prevention. Leak prevention forunderground tanks shall comply with Sections5704.2.11.4.1 and 5704.2.11.4.2.

5704.2.11.4.1 Inventory control. Daily inventoryrecords for underground storage tank systems shallbe maintained.

5704.2.11.4.2 Leak detection. Underground storagetank systems shall be provided with an approvedmethod of leak detection from any component of thesystem that is designed and installed in accordancewith NFPA 30.

5704.2.12 Testing. Tank testing shall comply with Sec-tions 5704.2.12.1 and 5704.2.12.2.

5704.2.12.1 Acceptance testing. Prior to being placedinto service, tanks shall be tested in accordance withSection 21.5 of NFPA 30.

5704.2.12.2 Testing of underground tanks. Beforebeing covered or placed in use, tanks and piping con-nected to underground tanks shall be tested for tight-ness in the presence of the fire code official. Pipingshall be tested in accordance with Section 5703.6.3.The system shall not be covered until it has beenapproved.

5704.2.13 Abandonment and status of tanks. Tankstaken out of service shall be removed in accordance withSection 5704.2.14, or safeguarded in accordance with Sec-tions 5704.2.13.1 through 5704.2.13.2.3 and API 1604.

Residential heating oil tanks required by this code to beremoved or decommissioned shall also comply withAdministrative Rule 34.02.07, Decommissioning Residen-tial Heating Oil Tanks and any future revisions of this ruleadopted by the fire code official.

5704.2.13.1 Underground tanks. Underground tankstaken out of service shall comply with Sections5704.2.13.1.1 through 5704.2.13.1.5.

5704.2.13.1.1 Temporarily out of service. Under-ground tanks temporarily out of service shall havethe fill line, gauge opening, vapor return and pumpconnection secure against tampering. Vent linesshall remain open and be maintained in accordancewith Sections 5704.2.7.3 and 5704.2.7.4.

5704.2.13.1.2 Out of service for 90 days. Under-ground tanks not used for a period of 90 days shallbe safeguarded in accordance with all the followingor be removed in accordance with Section5704.2.14:

1. Flammable or combustible liquids shall beremoved from the tank.

2. All piping, including fill line, gauge opening,vapor return and pump connection, shall becapped or plugged and secured from tamper-ing.

3. Vent lines shall remain open and be main-tained in accordance with Sections 5704.2.7.3and 5704.2.7.4.

5704.2.13.1.3 Out of service for one year. Under-ground tanks that have been out of service for aperiod of one year shall be removed from the groundin accordance with Section 5704.2.14 or abandonedin place in accordance with Section 5704.2.13.1.4.

5704.2.13.1.4 Tanks abandoned in place. Tanksabandoned in place shall be as follows:

1. Flammable and combustible liquids shall beremoved from the tank and connected piping.

2. The suction, inlet, gauge, vapor return andvapor lines shall be disconnected.

3. The tank shall be filled completely with anapproved inert solid material.

4. Remaining underground piping shall becapped or plugged.

5. A record of tank size, location and date ofabandonment shall be retained.

6. All exterior above-grade fill piping shall bepermanently removed when tanks are aban-doned or removed.

5704.2.13.1.5 Reinstallation of undergroundtanks. Tanks that are to be reinstalled for flammableor combustible liquid service shall be in accordancewith this chapter, ASME Boiler and Pressure VesselCode (Section VIII), API 12-P, API 1615, UL 58and UL 1316.

5704.2.13.2 Above-ground tanks. Above-groundtanks taken out of service shall comply with Sections5704.2.13.2.1 through 5704.2.13.2.3.

5704.2.13.2.1 Temporarily out of service. Above-ground tanks temporarily out of service shall haveall connecting lines isolated from the tank and besecured against tampering.

Exception: In-place fire protection (foam) sys-tem lines.

5704.2.13.2.2 Out of service for 90 days. Above-ground tanks not used for a period of 90 days shall besafeguarded in accordance with Section 5704.2.13.1.2or removed in accordance with Section 5704.2.14.

Exceptions:

1. Tanks and containers connected to oil burn-ers that are not in use during the warm sea-son of the year or are used as a backupheating system to gas.

2. In-place, active fire protection (foam) sys-tem lines.

5704.2.13.2.3 Out of service for one year. Above-ground tanks that have been out of service for aperiod of one year shall be removed in accordancewith Section 5704.2.14.

Exception: Tanks within operating facilities.



5704.2.14 Removal and disposal of tanks. Removal anddisposal of tanks shall comply with Sections 5704.2.14.1and 5704.2.14.2.

5704.2.14.1 Removal. Removal of above-ground andunderground tanks shall be in accordance with all of thefollowing:

1. Flammable and combustible liquids shall beremoved from the tank and connected piping.

2. Piping at tank openings that is not to be used fur-ther shall be disconnected.

3. Piping shall be removed from the ground.

Exception: Piping is allowed to be abandonedin place where the fire code official deter-mines that removal is not practical. Aban-doned piping shall be capped and safeguardedas required by the fire code official.

4. Tank openings shall be capped or plugged, leav-ing a 1/8-inch to 1/4-inch-diameter (3.2 mm to 6.4mm) opening for pressure equalization.

5. Tanks shall be purged of vapor and inerted priorto removal.

6. All exterior above-grade fill and vent piping shallbe permanently removed.

Exception: Piping associated with bulkplants, terminal facilities and refineries.

5704.2.14.2 Disposal. Tanks shall be disposed of inaccordance with federal, state and local regulations.

5704.2.15 Maintenance. Above-ground tanks, connectedpiping and ancillary equipment shall be maintained in asafe operating condition. Tanks shall be maintained inaccordance with their listings. Damage to above-groundtanks, connected piping or ancillary equipment shall berepaired using materials having equal or greater strengthand fire resistance or the equipment shall be replaced ortaken out of service.

5704.3 Container and portable tank storage. Storage offlammable and combustible liquids in closed containers thatdo not exceed 60 gallons (227 L) in individual capacity andportable tanks that do not exceed 660 gallons (2498 L) inindividual capacity, and limited transfers incidental thereto,shall comply with Sections 5704.3.1 through 5704.3.8.5.

5704.3.1 Design, construction and capacity of contain-ers and portable tanks. The design, construction andcapacity of containers for the storage of Class I, II andIIIA liquids shall be in accordance with this section andSection 9.4 of NFPA 30.

5704.3.1.1 Approved containers. Only approved con-tainers and portable tanks shall be used.

5704.3.2 Liquid storage cabinets. Where other sectionsof this code require that liquid containers be stored in stor-age cabinets, such cabinets and storage shall be in accor-dance with Sections 5704.3.2.1 through 5704.3.2.2.

5704.3.2.1 Design and construction of storage cabi-nets. Design and construction of liquid storage cabinets

shall be in accordance with Sections 5704.3.2.1.1through 5704.3.2.1.4.

5704.3.2.1.1 Materials. Cabinets shall be listed inaccordance with UL 1275, or constructed ofapproved wood or metal in accordance with the fol-lowing:

1. Unlisted metal cabinets shall be constructed ofsteel having a thickness of not less than 0.044inch (1.12 mm) (18 gage). The cabinet, includ-ing the door, shall be double walled with 11/2-inch (38 mm) airspace between the walls.Joints shall be riveted or welded and shall betight fitting.

2. Unlisted wooden cabinets, including doors,shall be constructed of not less than 1-inch (25mm) exterior grade plywood. Joints shall berabbeted and shall be fastened in two direc-tions with wood screws. Door hinges shall beof steel or brass. Cabinets shall be paintedwith an intumescent-type paint.

5704.3.2.1.2 Labeling. Cabinets shall be providedwith a conspicuous label in red letters on contrastingbackground that reads: FLAMMABLE—KEEPFIRE AWAY.

5704.3.2.1.3 Doors. Doors shall be well fitted, self-closing and equipped with a three-point latch.

5704.3.2.1.4 Bottom. The bottom of the cabinetshall be liquid tight to a height of not less than 2inches (51 mm).

5704.3.2.2 Capacity. The combined total quantity ofliquids in a cabinet shall not exceed 120 gallons (454L).

5704.3.3 Indoor storage. Storage of flammable and com-bustible liquids inside buildings in containers and portabletanks shall be in accordance with Sections 5704.3.3.1through 5704.3.3.10.

Exceptions:

1. Liquids in the fuel tanks of motor vehicles, air-craft, boats or portable or stationary engines.

2. The storage of distilled spirits and wines inwooden barrels or casks.

5704.3.3.1 Portable fire extinguishers. Approved por-table fire extinguishers shall be provided in accordancewith specific sections of this chapter and Section 906.

5704.3.3.2 Incompatible materials. Materials that willreact with water or other liquids to produce a hazardshall not be stored in the same room with flammableand combustible liquids except where stored in accor-dance with Section 5003.9.8.

5704.3.3.3 Clear means of egress. Storage of any liq-uids, including stock for sale, shall not be stored near orbe allowed to obstruct physically the route of egress.

5704.3.3.4 Empty containers or portable tank stor-age. The storage of empty tanks and containers previ-ously used for the storage of flammable or combustible



liquids, unless free from explosive vapors, shall bestored as required for filled containers and portabletanks. Portable tanks and containers, when emptied,shall have the covers or plugs immediately replaced inopenings.

5704.3.3.5 Shelf storage. Shelving shall be ofapproved construction, adequately braced andanchored. Seismic requirements shall be in accordancewith the International Building Code.

5704.3.3.5.1 Use of wood. Wood of not less than 1inch (25 mm) nominal thickness is allowed to beused as shelving, racks, dunnage, scuffboards, flooroverlay and similar installations.

5704.3.3.5.2 Displacement protection. Shelvesshall be of sufficient depth and provided with a lipor guard to prevent individual containers from beingdisplaced.

Exception: Shelves in storage cabinets or on lab-oratory furniture specifically designed for suchuse.

5704.3.3.5.3 Orderly storage. Shelf storage offlammable and combustible liquids shall be main-tained in an orderly manner.

5704.3.3.6 Rack storage. Where storage on racks isallowed elsewhere in this code, a minimum 4-foot-wide(1219 mm) aisle shall be provided between adjacentrack sections and any adjacent storage of liquids. Mainaisles shall be not less than 8 feet (2438 mm) wide.

5704.3.3.7 Pile or palletized storage. Solid pile andpalletized storage in liquid warehouses shall bearranged so that piles are separated from each other bynot less than 4 feet (1219 mm). Aisles shall be providedand arranged so that no container or portable tank ismore than 20 feet (6096 mm) from an aisle. Main aislesshall be not less than 8 feet (2438 mm) wide.

5704.3.3.8 Limited combustible storage. Limitedquantities of combustible commodities are allowed tobe stored in liquid storage areas where the ordinarycombustibles, other than those used for packaging theliquids, are separated from the liquids in storage by notless than 8 feet (2438 mm) horizontally, either by openaisles or by open racks, and where protection is pro-vided in accordance with Chapter 9.

5704.3.3.9 Idle combustible pallets. Storage of emptyor idle combustible pallets inside an unprotected liquidstorage area shall be limited to a maximum pile size of2,500 square feet (232 m2) and to a maximum storageheight of 6 feet (1829 mm). Storage of empty or idlecombustible pallets inside a protected liquid storagearea shall comply with NFPA 13. Pallet storage shall beseparated from liquid storage by aisles that are not lessthan 8 feet (2438 mm) wide.

5704.3.3.10 Containers in piles. Containers in pilesshall be stacked in such a manner as to provide stabilityand to prevent excessive stress on container walls. Por-table tanks stored more than one tier high shall bedesigned to nest securely, without dunnage. Material-handling equipment shall be suitable to handle contain-ers and tanks safely at the upper tier level.

5704.3.4 Quantity limits for storage. Liquid storagequantity limitations shall comply with Sections 5704.3.4.1through 5704.3.4.4.

5704.3.4.1 Maximum allowable quantity per controlarea. For occupancies other than Group M wholesaleand retail sales uses and Group B non-production labo-ratories, indoor storage of flammable and combustibleliquids shall not exceed the maximum allowable quan-tities per control area indicated in Table 5003.1.1(1)and shall not exceed the additional limitations set forthin this section.

For Group M occupancy wholesale and retail salesuses, indoor storage of flammable and combustible liq-

TABLE 5704.3.4.1MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY PER CONTROL AREA OF

FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS IN WHOLESALE AND RETAIL SALES OCCUPANCIESa

For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2, 1 gallon = 3.785 L, 1 gallon per minute per square foot = 40.75 L/min/m2.

a. Control areas shall be separated from each other by not less than a 1-hour fire barrier.

b. To be considered as sprinklered, a building shall be equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system with a design providing minimumdensities as follows:

1. For uncartoned commodities on shelves 6 feet or less in height where the ceiling height does not exceed 18 feet, quantities are those allowed with aminimum sprinkler design density of Ordinary Hazard Group 2.

2. For cartoned, palletized or racked commodities where storage is 4 feet 6 inches or less in height and where the ceiling height does not exceed 18 feet,quantities are those allowed with a minimum sprinkler design density of 0.21 gallon per minute per square foot over the most remote 1,500-square-footarea.

c. Where wholesale and retail sales or storage areas exceed 50,000 square feet in area, the maximum allowable quantities are allowed to be increased by 2percent for each 1,000 square feet of area in excess of 50,000 square feet, up to not more than 100 percent of the table amounts. A control area separation isnot required. The cumulative amounts, including amounts attained by having an additional control area, shall not exceed 30,000 gallons.

TYPE OF LIQUID

MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY PER CONTROL AREA (gallons)

Sprinkleredb in accordance withfootnote densities and arrangements

Sprinklered in accordance with Tables 5704.3.6.3(4)through 5704.3.6.3(8) and Table 5704.3.7.5.1

Nonsprinklered

Class IA 60 60 30

Class IB, IC, II and IIIA 7,500c 15,000c 1,600

Class IIIB Unlimited Unlimited 13,200



uids shall not exceed the maximum allowable quanti-ties per control area indicated in Table 5704.3.4.1.

For Group B non-production laboratories indoorstorage of flammable and combustible liquids isallowed to be in accordance with Table 5003.13 andSection 5003.13.

Storage of hazardous production material flamma-ble and combustible liquids in Group H-5 occupanciesshall be in accordance with Chapter 27.

5704.3.4.2 Occupancy quantity limits. The followinglimits for quantities of stored flammable or combustibleliquids shall not be exceeded:

1. Group A occupancies: Quantities in Group Aoccupancies shall not exceed that necessary fordemonstration, treatment, laboratory work, main-tenance purposes and operation of equipment,and shall not exceed quantities set forth in Table5003.1.1(1).

2. Group B occupancies: Quantities in drinking,dining, office and school uses within Group Boccupancies shall not exceed that necessary fordemonstration, treatment, laboratory work, main-tenance purposes and operation of equipment,and shall not exceed quantities set forth in Table5003.1.1(1).

3. Group E occupancies: Quantities in Group Eoccupancies shall not exceed that necessary fordemonstration, treatment, laboratory work, main-tenance purposes and operation of equipment,and shall not exceed quantities set forth in Table5003.1.1(1).

4. Group F occupancies: Quantities in dining,office, and school uses within Group F occupan-cies shall not exceed that necessary for demon-stration, laboratory work, maintenance purposesand operation of equipment, and shall not exceedquantities set forth in Table 5003.1.1(1).

5. Group I occupancies: Quantities in Group I occu-pancies shall not exceed that necessary fordemonstration, laboratory work, maintenancepurposes and operation of equipment, and shallnot exceed quantities set forth in Table5003.1.1(1).

6. Group M occupancies: Quantities in dining,office, and school uses within Group M occupan-cies shall not exceed that necessary for demon-stration, laboratory work, maintenance purposesand operation of equipment, and shall not exceedquantities set forth in Table 5003.1.1(1). Themaximum allowable quantities for storage inwholesale and retail sales areas shall be in accor-dance with Section 5704.3.4.1.

7. Group R occupancies: Quantities in Group Roccupancies shall not exceed that necessary formaintenance purposes and operation of equip-ment, and shall not exceed quantities set forth inTable 5003.1.1(1).

8. Group S occupancies: Quantities in dining andoffice uses within Group S occupancies shall notexceed that necessary for demonstration, labora-tory work, maintenance purposes and operationof equipment, and shall not exceed quantities setforth in Table 5003.1.1(1).

5704.3.4.3 Quantities exceeding limits for controlareas. Quantities exceeding those allowed in controlareas set forth in Section 5704.3.4.1 shall be in liquidstorage rooms or liquid storage warehouses in accor-dance with Sections 5704.3.7 and 5704.3.8.

5704.3.4.4 Liquids for maintenance and operation ofequipment. In all occupancies, quantities of flammableand combustible liquids in excess of 10 gallons (38 L)used for maintenance purposes, demonstration, treat-ment, and laboratory work, and the operation of equip-ment shall be stored in liquid storage cabinets inaccordance with Section 5704.3.2. Quantities notexceeding 10 gallons (38 L) are allowed to be storedoutside of a cabinet when in approved containerslocated in private garages or other approved locations.

5704.3.5 Storage in control areas. Storage of flammableand combustible liquids in control areas shall be in accor-dance with Sections 5704.3.5.1 through 5704.3.5.4.

5704.3.5.1 Basement storage. Class I liquids shall beallowed to be stored in basements in amounts notexceeding the maximum allowable quantity per controlarea for use-open systems in Table 5003.1.1(1), pro-vided that automatic suppression and other fire protec-tion are provided in accordance with Chapter 9. Class IIand IIIA liquids shall also be allowed to be stored inbasements, provided that automatic suppression andother fire protection are provided in accordance withChapter 9.

5704.3.5.2 Storage pile heights. Containers havingless than a 30-gallon (114 L) capacity that containClass I or II liquids shall not be stacked more than 3feet (914.4 mm) or two containers high, whichever isgreater, unless stacked on fixed shelving or otherwisesatisfactorily secured. Containers of Class I or II liquidshaving a capacity of 30 gallons (114 L) or more shallnot be stored more than one container high. Containersshall be stored in an upright position.

5704.3.5.3 Storage distance from ceilings and roofs.Piles of containers or portable tanks shall not be storedcloser than 3 feet (914 mm) to the nearest beam, chord,girder or other obstruction, and shall be 3 feet (914mm) below sprinkler deflectors or discharge orifices ofwater spray or other overhead fire protection system.

5704.3.5.4 Combustible materials. In areas that areinaccessible to the public, Class I, II and IIIA liquidsshall not be stored in the same pile or rack section asordinary combustible commodities unless such materi-als are packaged together as kits.

5704.3.6 Wholesale and retail sales uses. Flammable andcombustible liquids in Group M occupancy wholesale andretail sales uses shall be in accordance with Sections5704.3.6.1 through 5704.3.6.5, or Sections 10.10.2,



12.3.8, 16.4.1 through 16.4.3, 16.5.1 through 16.5.2.12,Tables 16.5.2.1 through 16.5.2.12, and Figures 16.4.1(a)through 16.14.1(c) of NFPA 30.

5704.3.6.1 Container type. Containers for Class I liq-uids shall be metal.

Exception: In sprinklered buildings, an aggregatequantity of 120 gallons (454 L) of water-miscibleClass IB and Class IC liquids is allowed in nonme-tallic containers, each having a capacity of 16ounces (0.473 L) or less.

5704.3.6.2 Container capacity. Containers for Class Iliquids shall not exceed a capacity of 5 gallons (19 L).

Exception: Metal containers not exceeding 55 gal-lons (208 L) are allowed to store up to 240 gallons(908 L) of the maximum allowable quantity per con-trol area of Class IB and IC liquids in a control area.The building shall be equipped throughout with anapproved automatic sprinkler system in accordancewith Table 5704.3.4.1. The containers shall be pro-vided with plastic caps without cap seals and shallbe stored upright. Containers shall not be stacked orstored in racks and shall not be located in areasaccessible to the public.

5704.3.6.3 Fire protection and storage arrange-ments. Fire protection and container storage arrange-ments shall be in accordance with Table 5704.3.6.3(1)or the following:

1. Storage on shelves shall not exceed 6 feet (1829mm) in height, and shelving shall be metal.

2. Storage on pallets or in piles greater than 4 feet 6inches (1372 mm) in height, or where the ceilingexceeds 18 feet (5486 mm) in height, shall beprotected in accordance with Table5704.3.6.3(4), and the storage heights andarrangements shall be limited to those specifiedin Table 5704.3.6.3(2).

3. Storage on racks greater than 4 feet 6 inches(1372 mm) in height, or where the ceilingexceeds 18 feet (5486 mm) in height shall be pro-tected in accordance with Tables 5704.3.6.3(5),

5704.3.6.3(6), and 5704.3.6.3(7) as appropriate,and the storage heights and arrangements shall belimited to those specified in Table 5704.3.6.3(3).

Combustible commodities shall not be stored aboveflammable and combustible liquids.

5704.3.6.4 Warning for containers. Cans, containersand vessels containing flammable liquids or flammableliquid compounds or mixtures offered for sale shall beprovided with a warning indicator, painted or printedon the container and stating that the liquid is flamma-ble, and shall be kept away from heat and an openflame.

5704.3.6.5 Storage plan. Where required by fire thecode official, aisle and storage plans shall be submittedin accordance with Chapter 50.

5704.3.7 Liquid storage rooms. Liquid storage roomsshall comply with Sections 5704.3.7.1 through5704.3.7.5.2.

5704.3.7.1 General. Quantities of liquids exceedingthose set forth in Section 5704.3.4.1 for storage in con-trol areas shall be stored in a liquid storage room com-plying with this section and constructed and separatedas required by the International Building Code.

5704.3.7.2 Quantities and arrangement of storage.The quantity limits and storage arrangements in liquidstorage rooms shall be in accordance with Tables5704.3.6.3(2) and 5704.3.6.3(3) and Sections5704.3.7.2.1 through 5704.3.7.2.3.

5704.3.7.2.1 Mixed storage. Where two or moreclasses of liquids are stored in a pile or rack section,both of the following shall apply:

1. The quantity in that pile or rack shall notexceed the smallest of the maximum quanti-ties for the classes of liquids stored in accor-dance with Table 5704.3.6.3(2) or5704.3.6.3(3).

2. The height of storage in that pile or rack shallnot exceed the smallest of the maximumheights for the classes of liquids stored in

TABLE 5704.3.6.3(1)MAXIMUM STORAGE HEIGHT IN CONTROL AREA

For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm.

a In buildings protected by an automatic sprinkler system, the storage height for containers and portable tanks shall not exceed the maximum storage heightpermitted for the fire protection scheme set forth in NFPA 30 or the maximum storage height demonstrated in a full-scale fire test, whichever is greater.NFPA 30 criteria and fire test results for metallic containers and portable tanks shall not be applied to nonmetallic containers and portable tanks.

b. In-rack protection shall be in accordance with Table 5704.3.6.3(5), 5704.3.6.3(6) or 5704.3.6.3(7).

TYPE OF LIQUIDNONSPRINKLERED AREA

(feet)SPRINKLERED AREAa

(feet)SPRINKLERED WITH IN-RACK PROTECTIONa, b

(feet)

Flammable liquids:Class IAClass IBClass IC

444

488

41212

Combustible liquids:Class IIClass IIIAClass IIIB

688

81212

121620



TABLE 5704.3.6.3(3)STORAGE ARRANGEMENTS FOR RACK STORAGE IN LIQUID STORAGE ROOMS AND WAREHOUSES

For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 gallon = 3.785 L.

a. See Section 5704.3.8.1 for unlimited quantities in liquid storage warehouses.

b. In buildings protected by an automatic sprinkler system, the storage height for containers and portable tanks shall not exceed the maximum storage heightpermitted for the fire protection scheme set forth in NFPA 30 or the maximum storage height demonstrated in a full-scale fire test, whichever is greater.NFPA 30 criteria and fire test results for metallic containers and portable tanks shall not be applied to nonmetallic containers and portable tanks.

CLASS TYPE RACK STORAGE LEVEL

MAXIMUM STORAGE HEIGHTb

(feet)MAXIMUM QUANTITY PER ROOMa

(gallons)

Containers Containers

IA Double row or Single rowGround floorUpper floorsBasements

2515

Not Allowed

7,5004,500

Not Allowed

IBIC

Double row or Single rowGround floorUpper floorsBasements

2515

Not Allowed

15,0009,000

Not Allowed

II Double row or Single rowGround floorUpper floorsBasements

252515

24,00024,0009,000

IIIMultirow

Double rowSingle row

Ground floorUpper floorsBasements

402020

48,00048,00024,000

TABLE 5704.3.6.3(2)STORAGE ARRANGEMENTS FOR PALLETIZED OR SOLID-PILE STORAGE IN LIQUID STORAGE ROOMS AND WAREHOUSES


a. See Section 5704.3.8.1 for unlimited quantities in liquid storage warehouses.

b. In buildings protected by an automatic sprinkler system, the storage height for containers and portable tanks shall not exceed the maximum storage heightpermitted for the fire protection scheme set forth in NFPA 30 or the maximum storage height demonstrated in a full-scale fire test, whichever is greater.NFPA 30 criteria and fire test results for metallic containers and portable tanks shall not be applied to nonmetallic containers and portable tanks.

c. These height limitations are allowed to be increased to 10 feet for containers having a capacity of 5 gallons or less.

d. For palletized storage of unsaturated polyester resins (UPR) in relieving-style metal containers with 50 percent or less by weight Class IC or II liquid and noClass IA or IB liquid, height and pile quantity limits shall be permitted to be 10 feet and 15,000 gallons, respectively, provided that such storage is protectedby sprinklers in accordance with NFPA 30 and that the UPR storage area is not located in the same containment area or drainage path for other Class I or IIliquids.

CLASS STORAGE LEVEL

MAXIMUM STORAGE HEIGHTMAXIMUM QUANTITY PER PILE

(gallons)MAXIMUM QUANTITY PER ROOMa

(gallons)

DrumsContainersb

(feet)Portable tanksb

(feet)Containers Portable tanks Containers Portable tanks

IAGround floorUpper floorsBasements

110

55

Not Allowed

Not AllowedNot AllowedNot Allowed

3,0002,000

Not Allowed


12,0008,000

Not Allowed


IBGround floorUpper floorsBasements

110

6.56.5

Not Allowed

77

Not Allowed

5,0003,000

Not Allowed

20,00010,000

Not Allowed

15,00012,000

Not Allowed

40,00020,000

Not Allowed

ICGround floord

Upper floorsBasements

110

6.5c

6.5c

Not Allowed

77

Not Allowed

5,0003,000

Not Allowed

20,00010,000

Not Allowed

15,00012,000

Not Allowed

40,00020,000

Not Allowed

IIGround floord

Upper floorsBasements

331

10105

14147

10,00010,0007,500

40,00040,00020,000

25,00025,0007,500

80,00080,00020,000

IIIGround floorUpper floorsBasements

553

202010

14147

15,00015,00010,000

60,00060,00020,000

50,00050,00025,000

100,000100,00040,000



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accordance with Table 5704.3.6.3(2) or5704.3.6.3(3).

5704.3.7.2.2 Separation and aisles. Piles shall beseparated from each other by not less than 4-foot(1219 mm) aisles. Aisles shall be provided so that allcontainers are 20 feet (6096 mm) or less from anaisle. Where the storage of liquids is on racks, aminimum 4-foot-wide (1219 mm) aisle shall be pro-vided between adjacent rows of racks and adjacentstorage of liquids. Main aisles shall be not less than8 feet (2438 mm) wide.

Additional aisles shall be provided for access todoors, required windows and ventilation openings,standpipe connections, mechanical equipment andswitches. Such aisles shall be not less than 3 feet(914 mm) in width, unless greater widths arerequired for separation of piles or racks, in whichcase the greater width shall be provided.

5704.3.7.2.3 Stabilizing and supports. Containersand piles shall be separated by pallets or dunnage toprovide stability and to prevent excessive stress tocontainer walls. Portable tanks stored over one tiershall be designed to nest securely without dunnage.

Requirements for portable tank design shall be inaccordance with Chapters 9 and 12 of NFPA 30.Shelving, racks, dunnage, scuffboards, floor overlayand similar installations shall be of noncombustibleconstruction or of wood not less than a 1-inch (25mm) nominal thickness. Adequate material-handlingequipment shall be available to handle tanks safelyat upper tier levels.

5704.3.7.3 Spill control and secondary containment.Liquid storage rooms shall be provided with spill con-trol and secondary containment in accordance withSection 5004.2.

5704.3.7.4 Ventilation. Liquid storage rooms shall beventilated in accordance with Section 5004.3.

5704.3.7.5 Fire protection. Fire protection for liquidstorage rooms shall comply with Sections 5704.3.7.5.1and 5704.3.7.5.2.

5704.3.7.5.1 Fire-extinguishing systems. Liquidstorage rooms shall be protected by automatic sprin-

kler systems installed in accordance with Chapter 9and Tables 5704.3.6.3(4) through 5704.3.6.3(7) andTable 5704.3.7.5.1. In-rack sprinklers shall alsocomply with NFPA 13.

Automatic foam-water systems and automaticaqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) water sprinklersystems shall not be used except where approved.

Protection criteria developed from fire modelingor full-scale fire testing conducted at an approvedtesting laboratory are allowed in lieu of the protec-tion as shown in Tables 5704.3.6.3(2) through5704.3.6.3(7) and Table 5704.3.7.5.1 whereapproved.

5704.3.7.5.2 Portable fire extinguishers. Not lessthan one approved portable fire extinguisher com-plying with Section 906 and having a rating of notless than 20-B shall be located not less than 10 feet(3048 mm) or more than 50 feet (15 240 mm) fromany Class I or II liquid storage area located outsideof a liquid storage room.

Not less than one portable fire extinguisher hav-ing a rating of not less than 20-B shall be locatedoutside of, but not more than 10 feet (3048 mm)from, the door opening into a liquid storage room.

5704.3.8 Liquid storage warehouses. Buildings used forstorage of flammable or combustible liquids in quantitiesexceeding those set forth in Section 5704.3.4 for controlareas and Section 5704.3.7 for liquid storage rooms shallcomply with Sections 5704.3.8.1 through 5704.3.8.5 andshall be constructed and separated as required by the Inter-national Building Code.

5704.3.8.1 Quantities and storage arrangement. Thetotal quantities of liquids in a liquid storage warehouseshall not be limited. The arrangement of storage shallbe in accordance with Table 5704.3.6.3(2) or5704.3.6.3(3).

5704.3.8.1.1 Mixed storage. Mixed storage shall bein accordance with Section 5704.3.7.2.1.

5704.3.8.1.2 Separation and aisles. Separation andaisles shall be in accordance with Section5704.3.7.2.2.

TABLE 5704.3.7.5.1AUTOMATIC AFFF-WATER PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR SOLID-PILE AND

PALLETIZED STORAGE OF LIQUIDS IN METAL CONTAINERS OF 5-GALLON CAPACITY OR LESSa, b

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2, 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m, 1 gallon per minute per square foot = 40.75 L/min/m2, °C = [(°F)-32]/1.8.

a. System shall be a closed-head wet system with approved devices for proportioning aqueous film-forming foam.

b. Maximum ceiling height of 30 feet.

c. Hose stream demand includes 11/2-inch inside hose connections, where required.

PACKAGETYPE

CLASSLIQUID

CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN AND DEMANDSTORAGE

HEIGHT(feet)

HOSEDEMAND

(gpm)c

DURATIONAFFF

SUPPLY(minimum)

DURATIONWATERSUPPLY(hours)

Density(gpm/ft2)

Area(square feet)

Temperaturerating

Maximumspacing

Orifice size(inch)

CartonedIB, IC, IIand III

0.40 2,000 286°F100 ft2/

head0.531 11 500 15 2

UncartonedIB, IC, IIand III

0.30 2,000 286°F100 ft2/

head0.5 or0.531

12 500 15 2



5704.3.8.2 Spill control and secondary containment.Liquid storage warehouses shall be provided with spillcontrol and secondary containment as set forth in Sec-tion 5004.2.

5704.3.8.3 Ventilation. Liquid storage warehousesstoring containers greater than 5 gallons (19 L) incapacity shall be ventilated at a rate of not less than0.25 cfm per square foot (0.075 m3/s · m2) of floor areaover the storage area.

5704.3.8.4 Automatic sprinkler systems. Liquid stor-age warehouses shall be protected by automatic sprin-kler systems installed in accordance with Chapter 9 andTables 5704.3.6.3(4) through 5704.3.6.3(7) and Table5704.3.7.5.1, or Sections 16.4.1 through 16.4.3, 16.5.1through 16.5.2.12, and Tables 16.5.2.1 through16.5.2.12 and Figures 16.4.1(a) through 16.4.1(c) ofNFPA 30. In-rack sprinklers shall also comply withNFPA 13.

Automatic foam-water systems and automaticAFFF water sprinkler systems shall not be used exceptwhere approved.

Protection criteria developed from fire modeling orfull-scale fire testing conducted at an approved testinglaboratory are allowed in lieu of the protection asshown in Tables 5704.3.6.3(2) through 5704.3.6.3(7)and Table 5704.3.7.5.1 where approved.

5704.3.8.5 Warehouse hose lines. In liquid storagewarehouses, either 11/2-inch (38 mm) lined or 1-inch(25 mm) hard rubber hose lines shall be provided insufficient number to reach all liquid storage areas andshall be in accordance with Section 903 or 905.

5704.4 Outdoor storage of containers and portable tanks.Storage of flammable and combustible liquids in closed con-tainers and portable tanks outside of buildings shall be inaccordance with Section 5703 and Sections 5704.4.1 through5704.4.8. Capacity limits for containers and portable tanksshall be in accordance with Section 5704.3.

5704.4.1 Plans. Storage shall be in accordance withapproved plans.

5704.4.2 Location on property. Outdoor storage of liq-uids in containers and portable tanks shall be in accor-dance with Table 5704.4.2. Storage of liquids nearbuildings located on the same lot shall be in accordancewith this section.

5704.4.2.1 Mixed liquid piles. Where two or moreclasses of liquids are stored in a single pile, the quantityin the pile shall not exceed the smallest of maximumquantities for the classes of material stored.

5704.4.2.2 Access. Storage of containers or portabletanks shall be provided with fire apparatus access roadsin accordance with Chapter 5.

5704.4.2.3 Security. The storage area shall be pro-tected against tampering or trespassers where necessaryand shall be kept free from weeds, debris and othercombustible materials not necessary to the storage.

5704.4.2.4 Storage adjacent to buildings. Not morethan 1,100 gallons (4163 L) of liquids stored in closedcontainers and portable tanks is allowed adjacent to abuilding located on the same premises and under thesame management, provided that:

1. The building does not exceed one story in height.Such building shall be of fire-resistance-ratedconstruction with noncombustible exterior sur-faces or noncombustible construction and shallbe used principally for the storage of liquids; or

2. The exterior building wall adjacent to the storagearea shall have a fire-resistance rating of not lessthan 2 hours, having no openings to above-gradeareas within 10 feet (3048 mm) horizontally ofsuch storage and no openings to below-gradeareas within 50 feet (15 240 mm) horizontally ofsuch storage.

The quantity of liquids stored adjacent to a buildingprotected in accordance with Item 2 is allowed toexceed 1,100 gallons (4163 L), provided that the maxi-mum quantity per pile does not exceed 1,100 gallons(4163 L) and each pile is separated by a 10-foot-mini-mum (3048 mm) clear space along the common wall.

TABLE 5704.4.2OUTDOOR LIQUID STORAGE IN CONTAINERS AND PORTABLE TANKS

For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 gallon 3.785 L.

a. For mixed class storage, see Section 5704.4.2.

b. For storage in racks, the quantity limits per pile do not apply, but the rack arrangement shall be limited to not more than 50 feet in length and two rows or 9feet in depth.

c. If protection by a public fire department or private fire brigade capable of providing cooling water streams is not available, the distance shall be doubled.

d. When the total quantity stored does not exceed 50 percent of the maximum allowed per pile, the distances are allowed to be reduced 50 percent, but not lessthan 3 feet.

CLASS OFLIQUID

CONTAINER STORAGE—MAXIMUM PER PILE

PORTABLE TANK STORAGE—MAXIMUM PER PILE

MINIMUMDISTANCE

BETWEEN PILESOR RACKS (feet)

MINIMUM DISTANCE TOLOT LINE OF

PROPERTY THAT CANBE BUILT UPONc, d

(feet)

MINIMUM DISTANCE TOPUBLIC STREET, PUBLICALLEY OR PUBLIC WAYd

(feet)Quantitya, b

(gallons)Height(feet)

Quantitya, b

(gallons)Height(feet)

IAIBICIIIII

1,1002,2004,4008,80022,000

1012121218

2,2004,4008,80017,60044,000

714141414

55555

5050502510

10101055



Where the quantity stored exceeds 1,100 gallons(4163 L) adjacent to a building complying with Item 1,or the provisions of Item 1 cannot be met, a minimumdistance in accordance with Table 5704.4.2, column 7(“Minimum Distance to Lot Line of Property That CanBe Built Upon”) shall be maintained between buildingsand the nearest container or portable tank.

5704.4.3 Spill control and secondary containment. Stor-age areas shall be provided with spill control and second-ary containment in accordance with Section 5703.4.

Exception: Containers stored on approved contain-ment pallets in accordance with Section 5004.2.3 andcontainers stored in cabinets and lockers with integralspill containment.

5704.4.4 Security. Storage areas shall be protected againsttampering or trespassers by fencing or other approvedcontrol measures.

5704.4.5 Protection from vehicles. Guard posts or othermeans shall be provided to protect exterior storage tanksfrom vehicular damage. Where guard posts are installed,the posts shall be installed in accordance with Section 312.

5704.4.6 Clearance from combustibles. The storage areashall be kept free from weeds, debris and combustiblematerials not necessary to the storage. The area surround-ing an exterior storage area shall be kept clear of suchmaterials for a minimum distance of 15 feet (4572 mm).

5704.4.7 Weather protection. Weather protection foroutdoor storage shall be in accordance with Section5004.13.

5704.4.8 Empty containers and tank storage. The stor-age of empty tanks and containers previously used for thestorage of flammable or combustible liquids, unless freefrom explosive vapors, shall be stored as required forfilled containers and tanks. Tanks and containers whenemptied shall have the covers or plugs immediatelyreplaced in openings.

SECTION 5705DISPENSING, USE, MIXING AND HANDLING

5705.1 Scope. Dispensing, use, mixing and handling of flam-mable liquids shall be in accordance with Section 5703 andthis section. Tank vehicle and tank car loading and unloadingand other special operations shall be in accordance with Sec-tion 5706.

Exception: Containers of organic coatings having no firepoint and which are opened for pigmentation are notrequired to comply with this section.

5705.2 Liquid transfer. Liquid transfer equipment andmethods for transfer of Class I, II and IIIA liquids shall beapproved and be in accordance with Sections 5705.2.1through 5705.2.6.

5705.2.1 Pumps. Positive-displacement pumps shall beprovided with pressure relief discharging back to the tank,pump suction or other approved location, or shall be pro-vided with interlocks to prevent over-pressure.

5705.2.2 Pressured systems. Where gases are introducedto provide for transfer of Class I liquids, or Class II and IIIliquids transferred at temperatures at or above their flashpoints by pressure, only inert gases shall be used. Con-trols, including pressure relief devices, shall be providedto limit the pressure so that the maximum working pres-sure of tanks, containers and piping systems cannot beexceeded. Where devices operating through pressurewithin a tank or container are used, the tank or containershall be a pressure vessel approved for the intended use.Air or oxygen shall not be used for pressurization.

Exception: Air transfer of Class II and III liquids attemperatures below their flash points.

5705.2.3 Piping, hoses and valves. Piping, hoses andvalves used in liquid transfer operations shall be approvedor listed for the intended use.

5705.2.4 Class I, II and III liquids. Class I liquids or,when heated to or above their flash points, Class II andClass III liquids, shall be transferred by one of the follow-ing methods:

1. From safety cans complying with UL 30.

2. Through an approved closed piping system.

3. From containers or tanks by an approved pump tak-ing suction through an opening in the top of the con-tainer or tank.

4. For Class IB, IC, II and III liquids, from containersor tanks by gravity through an approved self-closingor automatic-closing valve where the container ortank and dispensing operations are provided withspill control and secondary containment in accor-dance with Section 5703.4. Class IA liquids shallnot be dispensed by gravity from tanks.

5. Approved engineered liquid transfer systems.

Exception: Liquids in original shipping containers notexceeding a 5.3-gallon (20 L) capacity.

5705.2.5 Manual container filling operations. Class Iliquids or Class II and Class III liquids that are heated upto or above their flash points shall not be transferred intocontainers unless the nozzle and containers are electricallyinterconnected. Acceptable methods of electrical intercon-nection include either of the following:

1. Metallic floor plates on which containers standwhile filling, where such floor plates are electricallyconnected to the fill stem.

2. Where the fill stem is bonded to the container duringfilling by means of a bond wire.

5705.2.6 Automatic container-filling operations forClass I liquids. Container-filling operations for Class Iliquids involving conveyor belts or other automatic-feed-ing operations shall be designed to prevent static accumu-lations.

5705.3 Use, dispensing and mixing inside of buildings.Indoor use, dispensing and mixing of flammable and combus-tible liquids shall be in accordance with Section 5705.2 andSections 5705.3.1 through 5705.3.5.3.



5705.3.1 Closure of mixing or blending vessels. Vesselsused for mixing or blending of Class I liquids and Class IIor III liquids heated up to or above their flash points shallbe provided with self-closing, tight-fitting, noncombusti-ble lids that will control a fire within such vessel.

Exception: Where such devices are impractical,approved automatic or manually controlled fire-extin-guishing devices shall be provided.

5705.3.2 Bonding of vessels. Where differences of poten-tial could be created, vessels containing Class I liquids orliquids handled at or above their flash points shall be elec-trically connected by bond wires, ground cables, piping orsimilar means to a static grounding system to maintainequipment at the same electrical potential to preventsparking.

5705.3.3 Heating, lighting and cooking appliances.Heating, lighting and cooking appliances that utilize ClassI liquids shall not be operated within a building or struc-ture.

Exception: Operation in single-family dwellings.

5705.3.4 Location of processing vessels. Processing ves-sels shall be located with respect to distances to lot lines ofadjoining property that can be built on, in accordance withTables 5705.3.4(1) and 5705.3.4(2).

Exception: Where the exterior wall facing the adjoin-ing lot line is a blank wall having a fire-resistance rat-

ing of not less than 4 hours, the fire code official isauthorized to modify the distances. The distance shallbe not less than that set forth in the International Build-ing Code, and where Class IA or unstable liquids areinvolved, explosion control shall be provided in accor-dance with Section 911.

5705.3.5 Quantity limits for use. Liquid use quantity lim-itations shall comply with Sections 5705.3.5.1 through5705.3.5.3.

5705.3.5.1 Maximum allowable quantity per controlarea. Indoor use, dispensing and mixing of flammableand combustible liquids shall not exceed the maximumallowable quantity per control area indicated in Table5003.1.1(1) and shall not exceed the additional limita-tions set forth in Section 5705.3.5.

Exceptions:

1. Cleaning with Class I, II and IIIA liquidsshall be in accordance with Section 5705.3.6.

2. Group B non-production laboratories inaccordance with Table 5003.8.3.3 and Sec-tion 5003.13.

Use of hazardous production material flammableand combustible liquids in Group H-5 occupanciesshall be in accordance with Chapter 27.

5705.3.5.2 Occupancy quantity limits. The followinglimits for quantities of flammable and combustible liq-

TABLE 5705.3.4(2)REFERENCE TABLE FOR USE WITH TABLE 5705.3.4(1)


TANK CAPACITY(gallons)

MINIMUM DISTANCE FROM LOT LINE OFA LOT WHICH IS OR CAN BE BUILT UPON,

INCLUDING THE OPPOSITE SIDE OF A PUBLIC WAY(feet)

MINIMUM DISTANCE FROM NEAREST SIDE OFANY PUBLIC WAY OR FROM NEAREST IMPORTANT

BUILDING ON THE SAME PROPERTY(feet)

275 or less 5 5

276 to 750 10 5

751 to 12,000 15 5

12,001 to 30,000 20 5

30,001 to 50,000 30 10

50,001 to 100,000 50 15

100,001 to 500,000 80 25

500,001 to 1,000,000 100 35

1,000,001 to 2,000,000 135 45

2,000,001 to 3,000,000 165 55

3,000,001 or more 175 60

TABLE 5705.3.4(1)SEPARATION OF PROCESSING VESSELS FROM LOT LINES

For SI: 1 pound per square inch gauge = 6.895 kPa.

a. Where protection of exposures by a public fire department or private fire brigade capable of providing cooling water streams on structures is not provided,distances shall be doubled.

PROCESSING VESSELS WITH EMERGENCY RELIEF VENTINGLOCATIONa

Stable liquids Unstable liquids

Not in excess of 2.5 psig Table 5705.3.4(2) 2.5 times Table 5705.3.4(2)

Over 2.5 psig 1.5 times Table 5705.3.4(2) 4 times Table 5705.3.4(2)



uids used, dispensed or mixed based on occupancyclassification shall not be exceeded:

Exception: Cleaning with Class I, II, or IIIA liquidsshall be in accordance with Section 5705.3.6.

1. Group A occupancies: Quantities in Group Aoccupancies shall not exceed that necessaryfor demonstration, treatment, laboratory work,maintenance purposes and operation of equip-ment, and shall not exceed quantities set forthin Table 5003.1.1(1).

2. Group B occupancies: Quantities in drinking,dining, office and school uses within Group Boccupancies shall not exceed that necessaryfor demonstration, treatment, laboratory work,maintenance purposes and operation of equip-ment, and shall not exceed quantities set forthin Table 5003.1.1(1).

3. Group E occupancies: Quantities in Group Eoccupancies shall not exceed that necessaryfor demonstration, treatment, laboratory work,maintenance purposes and operation of equip-ment and shall not exceed quantities set forthin Table 5003.1.1(1).

4. Group F occupancies: Quantities in dining,office and school uses within Group F occu-pancies shall not exceed that necessary fordemonstration, laboratory work, maintenancepurposes and operation of equipment, andshall not exceed quantities set forth in Table5003.1.1(1).

5. Group I occupancies: Quantities in Group Ioccupancies shall not exceed that necessaryfor demonstration, laboratory work, mainte-nance purposes and operation of equipment,and shall not exceed quantities set forth inTable 5003.1.1(1).

6. Group M occupancies: Quantities in dining,office and school uses within Group M occu-pancies shall not exceed that necessary fordemonstration, laboratory work, maintenancepurposes and operation of equipment, andshall not exceed quantities set forth in Table5003.1.1(1).

7. Group R occupancies: Quantities in Group Roccupancies shall not exceed that necessaryfor maintenance purposes and operation ofequipment, and shall not exceed quantities setforth in Table 5003.1.1(1).

8. Group S occupancies: Quantities in dining andoffice uses within Group S occupancies shallnot exceed that necessary for demonstration,laboratory work, maintenance purposes andoperation of equipment and shall not exceedquantities set forth in Table 5003.1.1(1).

5705.3.5.3 Quantities exceeding limits for controlareas. Quantities exceeding the maximum allowablequantity per control area indicated in Sections

5705.3.5.1 and 5705.3.5.2 shall be in accordance withthe following:

1. For open systems, indoor use, dispensing andmixing of flammable and combustible liquidsshall be within a room or building complyingwith the International Building Code and Sec-tions 5705.3.7.1 through 5705.3.7.5.

2. For closed systems, indoor use, dispensing andmixing of flammable and combustible liquidsshall be within a room or building complyingwith the International Building Code and Sec-tions 5705.3.7 through 5705.3.7.4 and Section5705.3.7.6.

5705.3.6 Cleaning with flammable and combustible liq-uids. Cleaning with Class I, II and IIIA liquids shall be inaccordance with Sections 5705.3.6.1 through 5705.3.6.2.7.

Exceptions:

1. Dry cleaning shall be in accordance with Chapter21.

2. Spray-nozzle cleaning shall be in accordancewith Section 2403.3.5.

5705.3.6.1 Cleaning operations. Class IA liquids shallnot be used for cleaning. Cleaning with Class IB, IC orII liquids shall be conducted as follows:

1. In a room or building in accordance with Section5705.3.7; or

2. In a parts cleaner listed, labeled and approved forthe purpose in accordance with Section5705.3.6.2.

Exception: Materials used in commercial andindustrial process-related cleaning operations inaccordance with other provisions of this code andnot involving facilities maintenance cleaning opera-tions.

5705.3.6.2 Listed and approved machines. Partscleaning and degreasing conducted in listed andapproved machines in accordance with Section5705.3.6.1 shall be in accordance with Sections5705.3.6.2.1 through 5705.3.6.2.7.

5705.3.6.2.1 Solvents. Solvents shall be classifiedand shall be compatible with the machines withinwhich they are used.

5705.3.6.2.2 Machine capacities. The quantity ofsolvent shall not exceed the listed design capacity ofthe machine for the solvent being used with themachine.

5705.3.6.2.3 Solvent quantity limits. Solvent quan-tities shall be limited as follows:

1. Machines without remote solvent reservoirsshall be limited to quantities set forth in Sec-tion 5705.3.5.

2. Machines with remote solvent reservoirs usingClass I liquids shall be limited to quantities setforth in Section 5705.3.5.



3. Machines with remote solvent reservoirs usingClass II liquids shall be limited to 35 gallons(132 L) per machine. The total quantities shallnot exceed an aggregate of 240 gallons (908L) per control area in buildings not equippedthroughout with an approved automatic sprin-kler system and an aggregate of 480 gallons(1817 L) per control area in buildingsequipped throughout with an approved auto-matic sprinkler system in accordance withSection 903.3.1.1.

4. Machines with remote solvent reservoirs usingClass IIIA liquids shall be limited to 80 gal-lons (303 L) per machine.

5705.3.6.2.4 Immersion soaking of parts. Workareas of machines with remote solvent reservoirsshall not be used for immersion soaking of parts.

5705.3.6.2.5 Separation. Multiple machines shallbe separated from each other by a distance of notless than 30 feet (9144 mm) or by a fire barrier witha minimum 1-hour fire-resistance rating.

5705.3.6.2.6 Ventilation. Machines shall be locatedin areas adequately ventilated to prevent accumula-tion of vapors.

5705.3.6.2.7 Installation. Machines shall beinstalled in accordance with their listings.

5705.3.7 Rooms or buildings for quantities exceedingthe maximum allowable quantity per control area.Where required by Section 5705.3.5.3 or 5705.3.6.1,rooms or buildings used for the use, dispensing or mixingof flammable and combustible liquids in quantitiesexceeding the maximum allowable quantity per controlarea shall be in accordance with Sections 5705.3.7.1through 5705.3.7.6.3.

5705.3.7.1 Construction, location and fire protec-tion. Rooms or buildings classified in accordance withthe International Building Code as Group H-2 or H-3occupancies based on use, dispensing or mixing offlammable or combustible liquids shall be constructedin accordance with the International Building Code.

5705.3.7.2 Basements. In rooms or buildings classifiedin accordance with the International Building Code asGroup H-2 or H-3, dispensing or mixing of flammableor combustible liquids shall not be conducted in base-ments.

5705.3.7.3 Fire protection. Rooms or buildings classi-fied in accordance with the International BuildingCode as Group H-2 or H-3 occupancies shall beequipped with an approved automatic fire-extinguish-ing system in accordance with Chapter 9.

5705.3.7.4 Doors. Interior doors to rooms or portionsof such buildings shall be self-closing fire doors inaccordance with the International Building Code.

5705.3.7.5 Open systems. Use, dispensing and mixingof flammable and combustible liquids in open systems

shall be in accordance with Sections 5705.3.7.5.1through 5705.3.7.5.3.

5705.3.7.5.1 Ventilation. Continuous mechanicalventilation shall be provided at a rate of not less than1 cfm per square foot [0.00508 m3/(s · m2)] of floorarea over the design area. Provisions shall be madefor introduction of makeup air in such a manner toinclude all floor areas or pits where vapors can col-lect. Local or spot ventilation shall be providedwhere needed to prevent the accumulation of haz-ardous vapors. Ventilation system design shall com-ply with the International Building Code andInternational Mechanical Code.

Exception: Where natural ventilation can beshown to be effective for the materials used, dis-pensed or mixed.

5705.3.7.5.2 Explosion control. Explosion controlshall be provided in accordance with Section 911.

5705.3.7.5.3 Spill control and secondary contain-ment. Spill control shall be provided in accordancewith Section 5703.4 where Class I, II or IIIA liquidsare dispensed into containers exceeding a 1.3-gallon(5 L) capacity or mixed or used in open containersor systems exceeding a 5.3-gallon (20 L) capacity.Spill control and secondary containment shall beprovided in accordance with Section 5703.4 whenthe capacity of an individual container exceeds 55gallons (208 L) or the aggregate capacity of multiplecontainers or tanks exceeds 100 gallons (378.5 L).

Exception: Double wall tanks where all pipingconnections to the tank are located above themaximum liquid level, and a means is providedto prevent the release of liquids from the tank bysiphon.

5705.3.7.6 Closed systems. Use or mixing of flamma-ble or combustible liquids in closed systems shall be inaccordance with Sections 5705.3.7.6.1 through5705.3.7.6.3.

5705.3.7.6.1 Ventilation. Closed systems designedto be opened as part of normal operations shall beprovided with ventilation in accordance with Sec-tion 5705.3.7.5.1.

5705.3.7.6.2 Explosion control. Explosion controlshall be provided where an explosive environmentcan occur as a result of the mixing or use process.Explosion control shall be designed in accordancewith Section 911.

Exception: Where process vessels are designedto contain fully the worst-case explosion antici-pated within the vessel under process conditionsconsidering the most likely failure.

5705.3.7.6.3 Spill control and secondary contain-ment. Spill control shall be provided in accordancewith Section 5703.4 where flammable or combusti-ble liquids are dispensed into containers exceeding a1.3-gallon (5 L) capacity or mixed or used in opencontainers or systems exceeding a 5.3-gallon (20 L)



capacity. Spill control and secondary containmentshall be provided in accordance with Section 5703.4where the capacity of an individual containerexceeds 55 gallons (208 L) or the aggregate capacityof multiple containers or tanks exceeds 1,000 gal-lons (3785 L).

5705.3.8 Use, dispensing and handling outside of build-ings. Outside use, dispensing and handling shall be inaccordance with Sections 5705.3.8.1 through 5705.3.8.4.

Dispensing of liquids into motor vehicle fuel tanks atmotor fuel-dispensing facilities shall be in accordancewith Chapter 23.

5705.3.8.1 Spill control. Outside use, dispensing andhandling areas shall be provided with spill control asset forth in Section 5703.4.

5705.3.8.2 Location on property. Dispensing activi-ties that exceed the quantities set forth in Table5705.3.8.2 shall not be conducted within 15 feet (4572mm) of buildings or combustible materials or within 25feet (7620 mm) of building openings, lot lines, publicstreets, public alleys or public ways. Dispensing activi-ties that exceed the quantities set forth in Table5705.3.8.2 shall not be conducted within 15 feet (4572mm) of storage of Class I, II or III liquids unless suchliquids are stored in tanks that are listed and labeled as2-hour protected tank assemblies in accordance withUL 2085.

Exceptions:

1. The requirements shall not apply to areaswhere only the following are dispensed: ClassIII liquids; liquids that are heavier than water;water-miscible liquids; and liquids with vis-cosities greater than 10,000 centipoise (cp) (10Pa • s).

2. Flammable and combustible liquid dispensingin refineries, chemical plants, process facili-ties, gas and crude oil production facilities andoil-blending and packaging facilities, termi-nals and bulk plants.

TABLE 5705.3.8.2MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITIES FOR

DISPENSING OF FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLELIQUIDS IN OUTDOOR CONTROL AREASa, b

For SI: 1 gallon = 3.785 L.

a. For definition of “Outdoor Control Area,” see Section 5002.1.

b. The fire code official is authorized to impose special conditions regardinglocations, types of containers, dispensing units, fire control measures andother factors involving fire safety.

c. Containing not more than the maximum allowable quantity per controlarea of each individual class.

5705.3.8.3 Location of processing vessels. Processingvessels shall be located with respect to distances to lotlines that can be built on in accordance with Table5705.3.4(1).

Exception: In refineries and distilleries.

5705.3.8.4 Weather protection. Weather protectionfor outdoor use shall be in accordance with Section5005.3.9.

5705.4 Solvent distillation units. Solvent distillation unitsshall comply with Sections 5705.4.1 through 5705.4.9.

5705.4.1 Unit with a capacity of 60 gallons or less. Sol-vent distillation units used to recycle Class I, II or IIIA liq-uids having a distillation chamber capacity of 60 gallons(227 L) or less shall be listed, labeled and installed inaccordance with Section 5705.4 and UL 2208.

Exceptions:

1. Solvent distillation units used in continuousthrough-put industrial processes where the sourceof heat is remotely supplied using steam, hotwater, oil or other heat transfer fluids, the tem-perature of which is below the auto-ignition pointof the solvent.

2. Approved research, testing and experimental pro-cesses.

5705.4.2 Units with a capacity exceeding 60 gallons.Solvent distillation units used to recycle Class I, II or IIIAliquids, having a distillation chamber capacity exceeding60 gallons (227 L) shall be used in locations that complywith the use and mixing requirements of Section 5705 andother applicable provisions in this chapter.

5705.4.3 Prohibited processing. Class I, II and IIIA liq-uids that are also classified as unstable (reactive) shall notbe processed in solvent distillation units.

Exception: Appliances listed for the distillation ofunstable (reactive) solvents.

5705.4.4 Labeling. A permanent label shall be affixed tothe unit by the manufacturer. The label shall indicate thecapacity of the distillation chamber, and the distance theunit shall be placed away from sources of ignition. Thelabel shall indicate the products for which the unit hasbeen listed for use or refer to the instruction manual for alist of the products.

5705.4.5 Manufacturer’s instruction manual. Aninstruction manual shall be provided. The manual shall bereadily available for the user and the fire code official. Themanual shall include installation, use and servicinginstructions. It shall identify the liquids for which the unithas been listed for distillation purposes along with eachliquid’s flash point and auto-ignition temperature. Forunits with adjustable controls, the manual shall includedirections for setting the heater temperature for each liquidto be instilled.

CLASS OF LIQUID QUANTITY (gallons)

FlammableClass IAClass IBClass ICCombination Class IA, IB and IC

10152030c

CombustibleClass IIClass IIIAClass IIIB

3080

3,300



5705.4.6 Location. Solvent distillation units shall be usedin locations in accordance with the listing. Solvent distilla-tion units shall not be used in basements.

5705.4.7 Storage of liquids. Distilled liquids and liquidsawaiting distillation shall be stored in accordance withSection 5704.

5705.4.8 Storage of residues. Hazardous residue from thedistillation process shall be stored in accordance with Sec-tion 5704 and Chapter 50.

5705.4.9 Portable fire extinguishers. Approved portablefire extinguishers shall be provided in accordance withSection 906. Not less than one portable fire extinguisherhaving a rating of not less than 40-B shall be located notless than 10 feet (3048 mm) or more than 30 feet (9144mm) from any solvent distillation unit.

5705.5 Alcohol-based hand rubs classified as Class I or IIliquids. The use of wall-mounted dispensers containing alco-hol-based hand rubs classified as Class I or II liquids shall bein accordance with all of the following:

1. The maximum capacity of each dispenser shall be 68ounces (2 L).

2. The minimum separation between dispensers shall be48 inches (1219 mm).

3. The dispensers shall not be installed above, below, orcloser than 1 inch (25 mm) to an electrical receptacle,switch, appliance, device or other ignition source. Thewall space between the dispenser and the floor or inter-vening counter top shall be free of electrical recepta-cles, switches, appliances, devices or other ignitionsources.

4. Dispensers shall be mounted so that the bottom of thedispenser is not less than 42 inches (1067 mm) and notmore than 48 inches (1219 mm) above the finishedfloor.

5. Dispensers shall not release their contents except whenthe dispenser is manually activated. Facilities shall bepermitted to install and use automatically activated“touch free” alcohol-based hand-rub dispensingdevices with the following requirements:

5.1. The facility or persons responsible for the dis-pensers shall test the dispensers each time a newrefill is installed in accordance with the manu-facturer’s care and use instructions.

5.2. Dispensers shall be designed and must operatein a manner that ensures accidental or maliciousactivations of the dispensing device are mini-mized. At a minimum, all devices subject to orused in accordance with this section shall havethe following safety features:

5.2.1. Any activations of the dispenser shallonly occur when an object is placedwithin 4 inches (98 mm) of the sensingdevice.

5.2.2. The dispenser shall not dispense morethan the amount required for handhygiene consistent with label instruc-

tions as regulated by the United StatesFood and Drug Administration(USFDA).

5.2.3. An object placed within the activationzone and left in place will cause onlyone activation.

6. Storage and use of alcohol-based hand rubs shall be inaccordance with the applicable provisions of Sections5704 and 5705.

7. Dispensers installed in occupancies with carpetedfloors shall only be allowed in smoke compartments orfire areas equipped throughout with an approved auto-matic sprinkler system in accordance with Section903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2.

5705.5.1 Corridor installations. In addition to the provi-sions of Section 5705.5, where wall-mounted dispenserscontaining alcohol-based hand rubs are installed in corri-dors or rooms and areas open to the corridor, they shall bein accordance with all of the following:

1. Level 2 and 3 aerosol containers shall not beallowed in corridors.

2. The maximum capacity of each Class I or II liquiddispenser shall be 41 ounces (1.21 L) and the maxi-mum capacity of each Level 1 aerosol dispensershall be 18 ounces (0.51 kg).

3. The maximum quantity allowed in a corridor withina control area shall be 10 gallons (37.85 L) of ClassI or II liquids or 1135 ounces (32.2 kg) of Level 1aerosols, or a combination of Class I or II liquidsand Level 1 aerosols not to exceed, in total, theequivalent of 10 gallons (37.85 L) or 1,135 ounces(32.2 kg) such that the sum of the ratios of the liquidand aerosol quantities divided by the allowablequantity of liquids and aerosols, respectively, shallnot exceed one.

4. The minimum corridor width shall be 72 inches(1829 mm).

5. Projections into a corridor shall be in accordancewith Section 1003.3.3.

SECTION 5706SPECIAL OPERATIONS

5706.1 General. This section shall cover the provisions forspecial operations that include, but are not limited to, storage,use, dispensing, mixing or handling of flammable and com-bustible liquids. The following special operations shall be inaccordance with Sections 5701, 5703, 5704 and 5705, exceptas provided in Section 5706.

1. Storage and dispensing of flammable and combustibleliquids on farms and construction sites.

2. Well drilling and operating.

3. Bulk plants or terminals.

4. Bulk transfer and process transfer operations utilizingtank vehicles and tank cars.



5. Tank vehicles and tank vehicle operation.

6. Refineries.

7. Vapor recovery and vapor-processing systems.

5706.2 Storage and dispensing of flammable and combus-tible liquids on farms and construction sites. Permanentand temporary storage and dispensing of Class I and II liquidsfor private use on farms and rural areas and at constructionsites, earth-moving projects, gravel pits or borrow pits shallbe in accordance with Sections 5706.2.1 through 5706.2.8.1.

Exception: Storage and use of fuel oil and containers con-nected with oil-burning equipment regulated by Section603 and the International Mechanical Code.

5706.2.1 Combustibles and open flames near tanks.Storage areas shall be kept free from weeds and extrane-ous combustible material. Open flames and smoking areprohibited in flammable or combustible liquid storageareas.

5706.2.2 Marking of tanks and containers. Tanks andcontainers for the storage of liquids above ground shall beconspicuously marked with the name of the product thatthey contain and the words: FLAMMABLE—KEEP FIREAND FLAME AWAY. Tanks shall bear the additionalmarking: KEEP 50 FEET FROM BUILDINGS.

5706.2.3 Containers for storage and use. Metal contain-ers used for storage of Class I or II liquids shall be inaccordance with DOTn requirements or shall be of anapproved design.

Discharge devices shall be of a type that do not developan internal pressure on the container. Pumping devices orapproved self-closing faucets used for dispensing liquidsshall not leak and shall be well-maintained. Individualcontainers shall not be interconnected and shall be keptclosed when not in use.

Containers stored outside of buildings shall be in accor-dance with Section 5704 and the International BuildingCode.

5706.2.4 Permanent and temporary tanks. The capacityof permanent above-ground tanks containing Class I or IIliquids shall not exceed 1,100 gallons (4164 L). The capac-ity of temporary above-ground tanks containing Class I orII liquids shall not exceed 10,000 gallons (37 854 L).Tanks shall be of the single-compartment design.

Exception: Permanent above-ground tanks of greatercapacity that meet the requirements of Section 5704.2.

5706.2.4.1 Fill-opening security. Fill openings shallbe equipped with a locking closure device. Fill open-ings shall be separate from vent openings.

5706.2.4.2 Vents. Tanks shall be provided with amethod of normal and emergency venting. Normalvents shall be in accordance with Section 5704.2.7.3.

Emergency vents shall be in accordance with Sec-tion 5704.2.7.4. Emergency vents shall be arranged todischarge in a manner that prevents localized overheat-ing or flame impingement on any part of the tank in theevent that vapors from such vents are ignited.

5706.2.4.3 Location. Tanks containing Class I or II liq-uids shall be kept outside and not less than 50 feet (15240 mm) from buildings and combustible storage.Additional distance shall be provided where necessaryto ensure that vehicles, equipment and containers beingfilled directly from such tanks will not be less than 50feet (15 240 mm) from structures, haystacks or othercombustible storage.

5706.2.4.4 Locations where above-ground tanks areprohibited. The storage of Class I and II liquids inabove-ground tanks is prohibited within the limitsestablished by law as the limits of districts in whichsuch storage is prohibited (see Section 3 of the SampleLegislation for Adoption of the International Fire Codeon page xxi).

5706.2.5 Type of tank. Tanks shall be provided with topopenings only or shall be elevated for gravity discharge.

5706.2.5.1 Tanks with top openings only. Tanks withtop openings shall be mounted in accordance witheither of the following:

1. On well-constructed metal legs connected toshoes or runners designed so that the tank is sta-bilized and the entire tank and its supports can bemoved as a unit.

2. For stationary tanks, on a stable base of timbersor blocks approximately 6 inches (152 mm) inheight that prevents the tank from contacting theground.

5706.2.5.1.1 Pumps and fittings. Tanks with topopenings only shall be equipped with a tightly andpermanently attached, approved pumping devicehaving an approved hose of sufficient length for fill-ing vehicles, equipment or containers to be servedfrom the tank. Either the pump or the hose shall beequipped with a padlock to its hanger to preventtampering. An effective antisiphoning device shallbe included in the pump discharge unless a self-clos-ing nozzle is provided. Siphons or internal pressuredischarge devices shall not be used.

5706.2.5.2 Tanks for gravity discharge. Tanks with aconnection in the bottom or the end for gravity-dispens-ing liquids shall be mounted and equipped as follows:

1. Supports to elevate the tank for gravity dischargeshall be designed to carry all required loads andprovide stability.

2. Bottom or end openings for gravity dischargeshall be equipped with a valve located adjacent tothe tank shell that will close automatically in theevent of fire through the operation of an effectiveheat-activated releasing device. Where this valvecannot be operated manually, it shall be supple-mented by a second, manually operated valve.

The gravity discharge outlet shall be provided withan approved hose equipped with a self-closing valve atthe discharge end of a type that can be padlocked to itshanger.



5706.2.6 Spill control drainage control and diking.Indoor storage and dispensing areas shall be provided withspill control and drainage control as set forth in Section5703.4. Outdoor storage areas shall be provided withdrainage control or diking as set forth in Section5704.2.10.

5706.2.7 Portable fire extinguishers. Portable fire extin-guishers with a minimum rating of 20-B:C and complyingwith Section 906 shall be provided where required by thefire code official.

5706.2.8 Dispensing from tank vehicles. Whereapproved, liquids used as fuels are allowed to be trans-ferred from tank vehicles into the tanks of motor vehiclesor special equipment, provided:

1. The tank vehicle’s specific function is that of sup-plying fuel to motor vehicle fuel tanks.

2. The dispensing hose does not exceed 100 feet (30 480mm) in length.

3. The dispensing nozzle is an approved type.

4. The dispensing hose is properly placed on anapproved reel or in a compartment provided beforethe tank vehicle is moved.

5. Signs prohibiting smoking or open flames within 25feet (7620 mm) of the vehicle or the point of refuel-ing are prominently posted on the tank vehicle.

6. Electrical devices and wiring in areas where fueldispensing is conducted are in accordance withNFPA 70.

7. Tank vehicle-dispensing equipment is operated onlyby designated personnel who are trained to handleand dispense motor fuels.

8. Provisions are made for controlling and mitigatingunauthorized discharges.

5706.2.8.1 Location. Dispensing from tank vehiclesshall be conducted not less than 50 feet (15 240 mm)from structures or combustible storage.

5706.3 Well drilling and operating. Wells for oil and natu-ral gas shall be drilled and operated in accordance with Sec-tions 5706.3.1 through 5706.3.8.

5706.3.1 Location. The location of wells shall complywith Sections 5706.3.1.1 through 5706.3.1.3.2.

5706.3.1.1 Storage tanks and sources of ignition.Storage tanks or boilers, fired heaters, open-flamedevices or other sources of ignition shall not be locatedwithin 25 feet (7620 mm) of well heads. Smoking isprohibited at wells or tank locations except as desig-nated and in approved posted areas.

Exception: Engines used in the drilling, productionand serving of wells.

5706.3.1.2 Streets and railways. Wells shall not bedrilled within 75 feet (22 860 mm) of any dedicatedpublic street, highway or nearest rail of an operatingrailway.

5706.3.1.3 Buildings. Wells shall not be drilled within100 feet (30 480 mm) of buildings not necessary to theoperation of the well.

5706.3.1.3.1 Group A, E or I buildings. Wellsshall not be drilled within 300 feet (91 440 mm) ofbuildings with an occupancy in Group A, E or I.

5706.3.1.3.2 Existing wells. Where wells are exist-ing, buildings shall not be constructed within thedistances set forth in Section 5706.3.1 for separationof wells or buildings.

5706.3.2 Waste control. Control of waste materials asso-ciated with wells shall comply with Sections 5706.3.2.1and 5706.3.2.2.

5706.3.2.1 Discharge on a street or water channel.Liquids containing crude petroleum or its productsshall not be discharged into or on streets, highways,drainage canals or ditches, storm drains or flood controlchannels.

5706.3.2.2 Discharge and combustible materials onground. The surface of the ground under, around ornear wells, pumps, boilers, oil storage tanks or build-ings shall be kept free from oil, waste oil, refuse orwaste material.

5706.3.3 Sumps. Sumps associated with wells shall com-ply with Sections 5706.3.3.1 through 5706.3.3.3.

5706.3.3.1 Maximum width. Sumps or other basinsfor the retention of oil or petroleum products shall notexceed 12 feet (3658 mm) in width.

5706.3.3.2 Backfilling. Sumps or other basins for theretention of oil or petroleum products larger than 6 feetby 6 feet by 6 feet (1829 mm by 1829 mm by 1829mm) shall not be maintained longer than 60 days afterthe cessation of drilling operations.

5706.3.3.3 Security. Sumps, diversion ditches anddepressions used as sumps shall be securely fenced orcovered.

5706.3.4 Prevention of blowouts. Protection shall be pro-vided to control and prevent the blowout of a well. Protec-tion equipment shall meet federal, state and otherapplicable jurisdiction requirements.

5706.3.5 Storage tanks. Storage of flammable or combus-tible liquids in tanks shall be in accordance with Section5704. Oil storage tanks or groups of tanks shall haveposted in a conspicuous place, on or near such tank ortanks, an approved sign with the name of the owner oroperator, or the lease number and the telephone numberwhere a responsible person can be reached at any time.

5706.3.6 Soundproofing. Where soundproofing materialis required during oil field operations, such material shallbe noncombustible.

5706.3.7 Signs. Well locations shall have posted in a con-spicuous place on or near such tank or tanks an approvedsign with the name of the owner or operator, name of theleasee or the lease number, the well number and the tele-phone number where a responsible person can be reachedat any time. Such signs shall be maintained on the prem-



ises from the time materials are delivered for drilling pur-poses until the well is abandoned.

5706.3.8 Field-loading racks. Field-loading racks shallbe in accordance with Section 5706.5.

5706.4 Bulk plants or terminals. Portions of propertieswhere flammable and combustible liquids are received bytank vessels, pipelines, tank cars or tank vehicles and storedor blended in bulk for the purpose of distribution by tank ves-sels, pipelines, tanks cars, tank vehicles or containers shall bein accordance with Sections 5706.4.1 through 5706.4.10.4.

5706.4.1 Building construction. Buildings shall be con-structed in accordance with the International BuildingCode.

5706.4.2 Means of egress. Rooms in which liquids arestored, used or transferred by pumps shall have means ofegress arranged to prevent occupants from being trappedin the event of fire.

5706.4.3 Heating. Rooms in which Class I liquids arestored or used shall be heated only by means not constitut-ing a source of ignition, such as steam or hot water.Rooms containing heating appliances involving sources ofignition shall be located and arranged to prevent entry offlammable vapors.

5706.4.4 Ventilation. Ventilation shall be provided forrooms, buildings and enclosures in which Class I liquidsare pumped, used or transferred. Design of ventilation sys-tems shall consider the relatively high specific gravity ofthe vapors. Where natural ventilation is used, adequateopenings in outside walls at floor level, unobstructedexcept by louvers or coarse screens, shall be provided.Where natural ventilation is inadequate, mechanical venti-lation shall be provided in accordance with the Interna-tional Mechanical Code.

5706.4.4.1 Basements and pits. Class I liquids shallnot be stored or used within a building having a base-ment or pit into which flammable vapors can travel,unless such area is provided with ventilation designedto prevent the accumulation of flammable vaporstherein.

5706.4.4.2 Dispensing of Class I liquids. Containersof Class I liquids shall not be drawn from or filledwithin buildings unless a provision is made to preventthe accumulation of flammable vapors in hazardousconcentrations. Where mechanical ventilation isrequired, it shall be kept in operation while flammablevapors could be present.

5706.4.5 Storage. Storage of Class I, II and IIIA liquids inbulk plants shall be in accordance with the applicable pro-visions of Section 5704.

5706.4.6 Overfill protection of Class I and II liquids.Manual and automatic systems shall be provided to pre-vent overfill during the transfer of Class I and II liquidsfrom mainline pipelines and marine vessels in accordancewith API 2350.

5706.4.7 Wharves. This section shall apply to allwharves, piers, bulkheads and other structures over or con-

tiguous to navigable water having a primary function oftransferring liquid cargo in bulk between shore installa-tions and tank vessels, ships, barges, lighter boats or othermobile floating craft.

Exception: Marine motor fuel-dispensing facilities inaccordance with Chapter 23.

5706.4.7.1 Transferring approvals. Handling pack-aged cargo of liquids, including full and empty drums,bulk fuel and stores, over a wharf during cargo transfershall be subject to the approval of the wharf supervisorand the senior deck officer on duty.

5706.4.7.2 Transferring location. Wharves at whichliquid cargoes are to be transferred in bulk quantities toor from tank vessels shall be not less than 100 feet (30480 mm) from any bridge over a navigable waterway;or from an entrance to, or superstructure of, any vehicu-lar or railroad tunnel under a waterway. The termina-tion of the fixed piping used for loading or unloading ata wharf shall be not less than 200 feet (60 960 mm)from a bridge or from an entrance to, or superstructuresof, a tunnel.

5706.4.7.3 Superstructure and decking material.Superstructure and decking shall be designed for theintended use. Decking shall be constructed of materialsthat will afford the desired combination of flexibility,resistance to shock, durability, strength and fire resis-tance.

5706.4.7.4 Tanks allowed. Tanks used exclusively forballast water or Class II or III liquids are allowed to beinstalled on suitably designed wharves.

5706.4.7.5 Transferring equipment. Loading pumpscapable of building up pressures in excess of the safeworking pressure of cargo hose or loading arms shall beprovided with bypasses, relief valves or other arrange-ments to protect the loading facilities against excessivepressure. Relief devices shall be tested not less thanannually to determine that they function satisfactorilyat their set pressure.

5706.4.7.6 Piping, valves and fittings. Piping valvesand fittings shall be in accordance with Section 5703.6except as modified by the following:

1. Flexibility of piping shall be ensured by appropri-ate layout and arrangement of piping supports sothat motion of the wharf structure resulting fromwave action, currents, tides or the mooring ofvessels will not subject the pipe to repeatedexcessive strain.

2. Pipe joints that depend on the friction characteris-tics of combustible materials or on the groovingof pipe ends for mechanical continuity of pipingshall not be used.

3. Swivel joints are allowed in piping to whichhoses are connected and for articulated, swivel-joint transfer systems, provided the design is suchthat the mechanical strength of the joint will notbe impaired if the packing materials fail such asby exposure to fire.



4. Each line conveying Class I or II liquids leadingto a wharf shall be provided with a readily acces-sible block valve located on shore near theapproach to the wharf and outside of any dikedarea. Where more than one line is involved, thevalves shall be grouped in one location.

5. Means shall be provided for easy access to cargoline valves located below the wharf deck.

6. Piping systems shall contain a sufficient numberof valves to operate the system properly and tocontrol the flow of liquid in normal operation andin the event of physical damage.

7. Piping on wharves shall be bonded and groundedwhere Class I and II liquids are transported.Where excessive stray currents are encountered,insulating joints shall be installed. Bonding andgrounding connections on piping shall be locatedon the wharf side of hose riser insulating flanges,where used, and shall be accessible for inspec-tion.

8. Hose or articulated swivel-joint pipe connectionsused for cargo transfer shall be capable of accom-modating the combined effects of change in draftand maximum tidal range, and mooring linesshall be kept adjusted to prevent surge of the ves-sel from placing stress on the cargo transfer sys-tem.

9. Hoses shall be supported to avoid kinking anddamage from chafing.

5706.4.7.7 Loading and unloading. Loading or dis-charging shall not commence until the wharf superin-tendent and officer in charge of the tank vessel agreethat the tank vessel is properly moored and connectionsare properly made.

5706.4.7.8 Mechanical work. Mechanical work shallnot be performed on the wharf during cargo transfer,except under special authorization by the fire code offi-cial based on a review of the area involved, methods tobe employed and precautions necessary.

5706.4.8 Sources of ignition. Class I, II or IIIA liquidsshall not be used, drawn or dispensed where flammablevapors can reach a source of ignition. Smoking shall beprohibited except in designated locations. “No Smoking”signs complying with Section 310 shall be conspicuouslyposted where a hazard from flammable vapors is normallypresent.

5706.4.9 Drainage control. Loading and unloading areasshall be provided with drainage control in accordance withSection 5704.2.10.

5706.4.10 Fire protection. Fire protection shall be inaccordance with Chapter 9 and Sections 5706.4.10.1through 5706.4.10.4.

5706.4.10.1 Portable fire extinguishers. Portable fireextinguishers with a rating of not less than 20-B andcomplying with Section 906 shall be located within 75

feet (22 860 mm) of hose connections, pumps and sep-arator tanks.

5706.4.10.2 Fire hoses. Where piped water is avail-able, ready-connected fire hose in a size appropriate forthe water supply shall be provided in accordance withSection 905 so that manifolds where connections aremade and broken can be reached by not less than onehose stream.

5706.4.10.3 Obstruction of equipment. Material shallnot be placed on wharves in such a manner that wouldobstruct access to fire-fighting equipment or importantpipeline control valves.

5706.4.10.4 Fire apparatus access. Where the wharf isaccessible to vehicular traffic, an unobstructed fireapparatus access road to the shore end of the wharfshall be maintained in accordance with Chapter 5.

5706.5 Bulk transfer and process transfer operations.Bulk transfer and process transfer operations shall beapproved and be in accordance with Sections 5706.5.1through 5706.5.4.5. Motor fuel-dispensing facilities shallcomply with Chapter 23.

5706.5.1 General. The provisions of Sections 5706.5.1.1through 5706.5.1.18 shall apply to bulk transfer and pro-cess transfer operations; Sections 5706.5.2 and 5706.5.2.1shall apply to bulk transfer operations; Sections 5706.5.3through 5706.5.3.3 shall apply to process transfer opera-tions and Sections 5706.5.4 through 5706.5.4.5 shall applyto dispensing from tank vehicles and tank cars.

5706.5.1.1 Location. Bulk transfer and process transferoperations shall be conducted in approved locations.Tank cars shall be unloaded only on private sidings orrailroad-siding facilities equipped for transferring flam-mable or combustible liquids. Tank vehicle and tank cartransfer facilities shall be separated from buildings,above-ground tanks, combustible materials, lot lines,public streets, public alleys or public ways by a dis-tance of 25 feet (7620 mm) for Class I liquids and 15feet (4572 mm) for Class II and III liquids measuredfrom the nearest position of any loading or unloadingvalve. Buildings for pumps or shelters for personnelshall be considered part of the transfer facility.

5706.5.1.2 Weather protection canopies. Whereweather protection canopies are provided, they shall beconstructed in accordance with Section 5004.13.Weather protection canopies shall not be located within15 feet (4572 mm) of a building or combustible mate-rial or within 25 feet (7620 mm) of building openings,lot lines, public streets, public alleys or public ways.

5706.5.1.3 Ventilation. Ventilation shall be providedto prevent accumulation of vapors in accordance withSection 5705.3.7.5.1.

5706.5.1.4 Sources of ignition. Sources of ignitionshall be controlled or eliminated in accordance withSection 5003.7.

5706.5.1.5 Spill control and secondary containment.Areas where transfer operations are located shall beprovided with spill control and secondary containment



in accordance with Section 5703.4. The spill controland secondary containment system shall have a designcapacity capable of containing the capacity of the larg-est tank compartment located in the area where transferoperations are conducted. Containment of the rainfallvolume specified in Section 5004.2.2.6 is not required.

5706.5.1.6 Fire protection. Fire protection shall be inaccordance with Section 5703.2.

5706.5.1.7 Static protection. Static protection shall beprovided to prevent the accumulation of static chargesduring transfer operations. Bonding facilities shall beprovided during the transfer through open domes whereClass I liquids are transferred, or where Class II and IIIliquids are transferred into tank vehicles or tank carsthat could contain vapors from previous cargoes ofClass I liquids.

Protection shall consist of a metallic bond wire per-manently electrically connected to the fill stem. The fillpipe assembly shall form a continuous electrically con-ductive path downstream from the point of bonding.The free end of such bond wire shall be provided with aclamp or equivalent device for convenient attachmentto a metallic part in electrical contact with the cargotank of the tank vehicle or tank car. For tank vehicles,protection shall consist of a flexible bond wire of ade-quate strength for the intended service and the electricalresistance shall not exceed 1 megohm. For tank cars,bonding shall be provided where the resistance of atank car to ground through the rails is 25 ohms orgreater.

Such bonding connection shall be fastened to thevehicle, car or tank before dome covers are raised andshall remain in place until filling is complete and alldome covers have been closed and secured.

Exceptions:

1. Where vehicles and cars are loaded exclu-sively with products not having a static-accu-mulating tendency, such as asphalt, cutbackasphalt, most crude oils, residual oils andwater-miscible liquids.

2. Where Class I liquids are not handled at thetransfer facility and the tank vehicles are usedexclusively for Class II and III liquids.

3. Where vehicles and cars are loaded orunloaded through closed top or bottom con-nections whether the hose is conductive ornonconductive.

Filling through open domes into the tanks of tankvehicles or tank cars that contain vapor-air mixtureswithin the flammable range, or where the liquid beingfilled can form such a mixture, shall be by means of adownspout which extends to near the bottom of thetank.

5706.5.1.8 Stray current protection. Tank car loadingfacilities where Class I, II or IIIA liquids are transferredthrough open domes shall be protected against straycurrents by permanently bonding the pipe to not less

than one rail and to the transfer apparatus. Multiplepipes entering the transfer areas shall be permanentlyelectrically bonded together. In areas where excessivestray currents are known to exist, all pipes entering thetransfer area shall be provided with insulating sectionsto isolate electrically the transfer apparatus from thepipelines.

5706.5.1.9 Top loading. When top loading a tank vehi-cle with Class I and II liquids without vapor control,valves used for the final control of flow shall be of theself-closing type and shall be manually held openexcept where automatic means are provided for shut-ting off the flow when the tank is full. Where used,automatic shutoff systems shall be provided with amanual shutoff valve located at a safe distance from theloading nozzle to stop the flow if the automatic systemfails.

When top loading a tank vehicle with vapor control,flow control shall be in accordance with Section5706.5.1.10. Self-closing valves shall not be tied orlocked in the open position.

5706.5.1.10 Bottom loading. When bottom loading atank vehicle or tank car with or without vapor control, apositive means shall be provided for loading a predeter-mined quantity of liquid, together with an automaticsecondary shutoff control to prevent overfill. The con-necting components between the transfer equipmentand the tank vehicle or tank car required to operate thesecondary control shall be functionally compatible.

5706.5.1.10.1 Dry disconnect coupling. When bot-tom loading a tank vehicle, the coupling between theliquid loading hose or pipe and the truck piping shallbe a dry disconnect coupling.

5706.5.1.10.2 Venting. When bottom loading a tankvehicle or tank car that is equipped for vapor controland vapor control is not used, the tank shall bevented to the atmosphere to prevent pressurizationof the tank. Such venting shall be at a height equal toor greater than the top of the cargo tank.

5706.5.1.10.3 Vapor-tight connection. Connec-tions to the plant vapor control system shall bedesigned to prevent the escape of vapor to the atmo-sphere when not connected to a tank vehicle or tankcar.

5706.5.1.10.4 Vapor-processing equipment.Vapor-processing equipment shall be separated fromabove-ground tanks, warehouses, other plant build-ings, transfer facilities or nearest lot line of adjoin-ing property that can be built on by a distance of notless than 25 feet (7620 mm). Vapor-processingequipment shall be protected from physical damageby remote location, guard rails, curbs or fencing.

5706.5.1.11 Switch loading. Tank vehicles or tank carsthat have previously contained Class I liquids shall notbe loaded with Class II or III liquids until such vehiclesand all piping, pumps, hoses and meters connectedthereto have been completely drained and flushed.



5706.5.1.12 Loading racks. Where provided, loadingracks, stairways or platforms shall be constructed ofnoncombustible materials. Buildings for pumps or forshelter of loading personnel are allowed to be part ofthe loading rack. Wiring and electrical equipmentlocated within 25 feet (7620 mm) of any portion of theloading rack shall be in accordance with Section5703.1.1.

5706.5.1.13 Transfer apparatus. Bulk and processtransfer apparatus shall be of an approved type.

5706.5.1.14 Inside buildings. Tank vehicles and tankcars shall not be located inside a building while trans-ferring Class I, II or IIIA liquids, unless approved bythe fire code official.

Exception: Tank vehicles are allowed underweather protection canopies and canopies of auto-mobile motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations.

5706.5.1.15 Tank vehicle and tank car certification.Certification shall be maintained for tank vehicles andtank cars in accordance with DOTn 49 CFR Parts 100-185.

5706.5.1.16 Tank vehicle and tank car stability.Tank vehicles and tank cars shall be stabilized againstmovement during loading and unloading in accordancewith Sections 5706.5.1.16.1 through 5706.5.1.16.3.

5706.5.1.16.1 Tank vehicles. When the vehicle isparked for loading or unloading, the cargo trailerportion of the tank vehicle shall be secured in a man-ner that will prevent unintentional movement.

5706.5.1.16.2 Chock blocks. Not less than twochock blocks not less than 5 inches by 5 inches by12 inches (127 mm by 127 mm by 305 mm) in sizeand dished to fit the contour of the tires shall be usedduring transfer operations of tank vehicles.

5706.5.1.16.3 Tank cars. Brakes shall be set and thewheels shall be blocked to prevent rolling.

5706.5.1.17 Monitoring. Transfer operations shall bemonitored by an approved monitoring system or by anattendant. Where monitoring is by an attendant, theoperator or other competent person shall be present atall times.

5706.5.1.18 Security. Transfer operations shall be sur-rounded by a noncombustible fence not less than 5 feet(1524 mm) in height. Tank vehicles and tank cars shallnot be loaded or unloaded unless such vehicles areentirely within the fenced area.

Exceptions:

1. Motor fuel-dispensing facilities complyingwith Chapter 23.

2. Installations where adequate public safetyexists because of isolation, natural barriers orother factors as determined appropriate by thefire code official.

3. Facilities or properties that are entirelyenclosed or protected from entry.

5706.5.2 Bulk transfer. Bulk transfer shall be in accor-dance with Sections 5706.5.1 and 5706.5.2.1.

5706.5.2.1 Vehicle motor. Motors of tank vehicles ortank cars shall be shut off during the making and break-ing of hose connections and during the unloading oper-ation.

Exception: Where unloading is performed with apump deriving its power from the tank vehiclemotor.

5706.5.3 Process transfer. Process transfer shall be inaccordance with Section 5706.5.1 and Sections 5706.5.3.1through 5706.5.3.3.

5706.5.3.1 Piping, valves, hoses and fittings. Piping,valves, hoses and fittings that are not a part of the tankvehicle or tank car shall be in accordance with Section5703.6. Caps or plugs that prevent leakage or spillageshall be provided at all points of connection to transferpiping.

5706.5.3.1.1 Shutoff valves. Approved automati-cally or manually activated shutoff valves shall beprovided where the transfer hose connects to theprocess piping, and on both sides of any exteriorfire-resistance-rated wall through which the pipingpasses. Manual shutoff valves shall be arranged sothat they are accessible from grade. Valves shall notbe locked in the open position.

5706.5.3.1.2 Hydrostatic relief. Hydrostatic pres-sure-limiting or relief devices shall be providedwhere pressure buildup in trapped sections of thesystem could exceed the design pressure of the com-ponents of the system.

Devices shall relieve to other portions of the sys-tem or to another approved location.

5706.5.3.1.3 Antisiphon valves. Antisiphon valvesshall be provided where the system design wouldallow siphonage.

5706.5.3.2 Vents. Normal and emergency vents shallbe maintained operable at all times.

5706.5.3.3 Motive power. Motors of tank vehicles ortank cars shall be shut off during the making and break-ing of hose connections and during the unloading oper-ation.

Exception: When unloading is performed with apump deriving its power from the tank vehiclemotor.

5706.5.4 Dispensing from tank vehicles and tank cars.Dispensing from tank vehicles and tank cars into the fueltanks of motor vehicles shall be prohibited unless allowedby and conducted in accordance with Sections 5706.5.4.1through 5706.5.4.5.

5706.5.4.1 Marine craft and special equipment. Liq-uids intended for use as motor fuels are allowed to betransferred from tank vehicles into the fuel tanks ofmarine craft and special equipment where approved bythe fire code official, and where:



1. The tank vehicle’s specific function is that ofsupplying fuel to fuel tanks.

2. The operation is not performed where the publichas access or where there is unusual exposure tolife and property.

3. The dispensing line does not exceed 50 feet(15 240 mm) in length.

4. The dispensing nozzle is approved.

5706.5.4.2 Emergency refueling. Where approved bythe fire code official, dispensing of motor vehicle fuelfrom tank vehicles into the fuel tanks of motor vehiclesis allowed during emergencies. Dispensing from tankvehicles shall be in accordance with Sections 5706.2.8and 5706.6.

5706.5.4.3 Aircraft fueling. Transfer of liquids fromtank vehicles to the fuel tanks of aircraft shall be inaccordance with Chapter 20.

5706.5.4.4 Fueling of vehicles at farms, constructionsites and similar areas. Transfer of liquid from tankvehicles to motor vehicles for private use on farms andrural areas and at construction sites, earth-moving proj-ects, gravel pits and borrow pits is allowed in accor-dance with Section 5706.2.8.

5706.5.4.5 Commercial, industrial, governmental ormanufacturing. Dispensing of Class II and III motorvehicle fuel from tank vehicles into the fuel tanks ofmotor vehicles located at commercial, industrial, gov-ernmental or manufacturing establishments is allowedwhere permitted, provided such dispensing operationsare conducted in accordance with the following:

1. Dispensing shall occur only at sites that havebeen issued a permit to conduct mobile fueling.

2. The owner of a mobile fueling operation shallprovide to the jurisdiction a written response planwhich demonstrates readiness to respond to a fuelspill and carry out appropriate mitigation mea-sures, and describes the process to dispose prop-erly of contaminated materials.

3. A detailed site plan shall be submitted with eachapplication for a permit. The site plan shall indi-cate: all buildings, structures and appurtenanceson site and their use or function; all uses adjacentto the lot lines of the site; the locations of allstorm drain openings, adjacent waterways or wet-lands; information regarding slope, natural drain-age, curbing, impounding and how a spill will beretained upon the site property; and the scale ofthe site plan.

Provisions shall be made to prevent liquids spilledduring dispensing operations from flowing intobuildings or off-site. Acceptable methodsinclude, but shall not be limited to, grading drive-ways, raising doorsills or other approved means.

4. The fire code official is allowed to impose limitson the times and days during which mobile fuel-ing operations is allowed to take place, and spe-

cific locations on a site where fueling ispermitted.

5. Mobile fueling operations shall be conducted inareas not accessible to the public or shall be lim-ited to times when the public is not present.

6. Mobile fueling shall not take place within 15 feet(4572 mm) of buildings, property lines, combus-tible storage or storm drains.

Exceptions:

1. The distance to storm drains shall notapply where an approved storm draincover or an approved equivalent thatwill prevent any fuel from reaching thedrain is in place prior to fueling or afueling hose being placed within 15feet (4572 mm) of the drain. Whereplacement of a storm drain cover willcause the accumulation of excessivewater or difficulty in conducting thefueling, such cover shall not be usedand the fueling shall not take placewithin 15 feet (4572 mm) of a drain.

2. The distance to storm drains shall notapply for drains that direct influent toapproved oil interceptors.

7. The tank vehicle shall comply with the require-ments of NFPA 385 and local, state and federalrequirements. The tank vehicle’s specific func-tions shall include that of supplying fuel tomotor vehicle fuel tanks. The vehicle and all itsequipment shall be maintained in good repair.

8. Signs prohibiting smoking or open flameswithin 25 feet (7620 mm) of the tank vehicle orthe point of fueling shall be prominently postedon three sides of the vehicle including the backand both sides.

9. A portable fire extinguisher with a minimumrating of 40:BC shall be provided on the vehiclewith signage clearly indicating its location.

10. The dispensing nozzles and hoses shall be of anapproved and listed type.

11. The dispensing hose shall not be extended fromthe reel more than 100 feet (30 480 mm) inlength.

12. Absorbent materials, nonwater-absorbent pads,a 10-foot-long (3048 mm) containment boom,an approved container with lid and a nonmetal-lic shovel shall be provided to mitigate a mini-mum 5-gallon (19 L) fuel spill.

13. Tank vehicles shall be equipped with a “fuellimit” switch such as a count-back switch, tolimit the amount of a single fueling operation tonot more than 500 gallons (1893 L) beforeresetting the limit switch.

Exception: Tank vehicles where the operatorcarries and can utilize a remote emergency



shutoff device which, when activated, imme-diately causes flow of fuel from the tank vehi-cle to cease.

14. Persons responsible for dispensing operationsshall be trained in the appropriate mitigatingactions in the event of a fire, leak or spill. Train-ing records shall be maintained by the dispens-ing company.

15. Operators of tank vehicles used for mobile fuel-ing operations shall have in their possession atall times an emergency communications deviceto notify the proper authorities in the event of anemergency.

16. The tank vehicle dispensing equipment shall beconstantly attended and operated only by desig-nated personnel who are trained to handle anddispense motor fuels.

17. Fuel dispensing shall be prohibited within 25feet (7620 mm) of any source of ignition.

18. The engines of vehicles being fueled shall beshut off during dispensing operations.

19. Nighttime fueling operations shall only takeplace in adequately lighted areas.

20. The tank vehicle shall be positioned withrespect to vehicles being fueled to prevent traf-fic from driving over the delivery hose.

21. During fueling operations, tank vehicle brakesshall be set, chock blocks shall be in place andwarning lights shall be in operation.

22. Motor vehicle fuel tanks shall not be topped off.

23. The dispensing hose shall be properly placed onan approved reel or in an approved compart-ment prior to moving the tank vehicle.

24. The fire code official and other appropriateauthorities shall be notified when a reportablespill or unauthorized discharge occurs.

25. Operators shall place a drip pan or an absorbentpillow under each fuel fill opening prior to andduring dispensing operations. Drip pans shall beliquid-tight. The pan or absorbent pillow shallhave a capacity of not less than 3 gallons (11.36L). Spills retained in the drip pan or absorbentpillow need not be reported. Operators, whenfueling, shall have on their person an absorbentpad capable of capturing diesel fuel overfills.Except during fueling, the nozzle shall faceupward and an absorbent pad shall be keptunder the nozzle to catch drips. Contaminatedabsorbent pads or pillows shall be disposed ofregularly in accordance with local, state andfederal requirements.

5706.6 Tank vehicles and vehicle operation. Tank vehiclesshall be designed, constructed, equipped and maintained inaccordance with NFPA 385 and Sections 5706.6.1 through5706.6.4.

5706.6.1 Operation of tank vehicles. Tank vehicles shallbe utilized and operated in accordance with NFPA 385 andSections 5706.6.1.1 through 5706.6.1.11.

5706.6.1.1 Vehicle maintenance. Tank vehicles shallnot be operated unless they are in proper state of repairand free from accumulation of grease, oil or other flam-mable substance, and leaks.

5706.6.1.2 Leaving vehicle unattended. The driver,operator or attendant of a tank vehicle shall not remainin the vehicle cab and shall not leave the vehicle whileit is being filled or discharged. The delivery hose, whenattached to a tank vehicle, shall be considered to be apart of the tank vehicle.

5706.6.1.3 Vehicle motor shutdown. Motors of tankvehicles or tractors shall be shut down during the mak-ing or breaking of hose connections. If loading orunloading is performed without the use of a powerpump, the tank vehicle or tractor motor shall be shutdown throughout such operations.

5706.6.1.4 Outage. A cargo tank or compartmentthereof used for the transportation of flammable orcombustible liquids shall not be loaded to absolutecapacity. The vacant space in a cargo tank or compart-ment thereof used in the transportation of flammable orcombustible liquids shall be not less than 1 percent.Sufficient space shall be left vacant to prevent leakagefrom or distortion of such tank or compartment byexpansion of the contents caused by rise in temperaturein transit.

5706.6.1.5 Overfill protection. The driver, operator orattendant of a tank vehicle shall, before making deliv-ery to a tank, determine the unfilled capacity of suchtank by a suitable gauging device. To prevent overfill-ing, the driver, operator or attendant shall not deliver inexcess of that amount.

5706.6.1.6 Securing hatches. During loading, hatchcovers shall be secured on all but the receiving com-partment.

5706.6.1.7 Liquid temperature. Materials shall not beloaded into or transported in a tank vehicle at a tem-perature above the material’s ignition temperatureunless safeguarded in an approved manner.

5706.6.1.8 Bonding to underground tanks. An exter-nal bond-wire connection or bond-wire integral with ahose shall be provided for the transferring of flammableliquids through open connections into undergroundtanks.

5706.6.1.9 Smoking. Smoking by tank vehicle drivers,helpers or other personnel is prohibited while they aredriving, making deliveries, filling or making repairs totank vehicles.

5706.6.1.10 Hose connections. Delivery of flammableliquids to underground tanks with a capacity of morethan 1,000 gallons (3785 L) shall be made by means ofapproved liquid and vapor-tight connections betweenthe delivery hose and tank fill pipe. Where undergroundtanks are equipped with any type of vapor recovery sys-



tem, all connections required to be made for the safeand proper functioning of the particular vapor recoveryprocess shall be made. Such connections shall be madeliquid and vapor tight and remain connected throughoutthe unloading process. Vapors shall not be dischargedat grade level during delivery.

5706.6.1.10.1 Simultaneous delivery. Simultane-ous delivery to underground tanks of any capacityfrom two or more discharge hoses shall be made bymeans of mechanically tight connections betweenthe hose and fill pipe.

5706.6.1.11 Hose protection. Upon arrival at a point ofdelivery and prior to discharging any flammable orcombustible liquids into underground tanks, the driver,operator or attendant of the tank vehicle shall ensurethat all hoses utilized for liquid delivery and vaporrecovery, where required, will be protected from physi-cal damage by motor vehicles. Such protection shall beprovided by positioning the tank vehicle to preventmotor vehicles from passing through the area or areasoccupied by hoses, or by other approved equivalentmeans.

5706.6.2 Parking. Parking of tank vehicles shall be inaccordance with Sections 5706.6.2.1 through 5706.6.2.3.

Exception: In cases of accident, breakdown or otheremergencies, tank vehicles are allowed to be parkedand left unattended at any location while the operator isobtaining assistance.

5706.6.2.1 Parking near residential, educational andinstitutional occupancies and other high-risk areas.Tank vehicles shall not be left unattended at any timeon residential streets, or within 500 feet (152 m) of aresidential area, apartment or hotel complex, educa-tional facility, hospital or care facility. Tank vehiclesshall not be left unattended at any other place thatwould, in the opinion of the fire chief, pose an extremelife hazard.

5706.6.2.2 Parking on thoroughfares. Tank vehiclesshall not be left unattended on a public street, highway,public avenue or public alley.

Exceptions:

1. The necessary absence in connection withloading or unloading the vehicle. Duringactual fuel transfer, Section 5706.6.1.2 shallapply. The vehicle location shall be in accor-dance with Section 5706.6.2.1.

2. Stops for meals during the day or night, wherethe street is well lighted at the point of park-ing. The vehicle location shall be in accor-dance with Section 5706.6.2.1.

5706.6.2.3 Duration exceeding 1 hour. Tank vehiclesparked at one point for longer than 1 hour shall belocated off of public streets, highways, public avenuesor alleys, and in accordance with either of the follow-ing:

1. Inside of a bulk plant and either 25 feet (7620mm) or more from the nearest lot line or within abuilding approved for such use.

2. At other approved locations not less than 50 feet(15 240 mm) from the buildings other than thoseapproved for the storage or servicing of suchvehicles.

5706.6.3 Garaging. Tank vehicles shall not be parked orgaraged in buildings other than those specificallyapproved for such use by the fire code official.

5706.6.4 Portable fire extinguisher. Tank vehicles shallbe equipped with a portable fire extinguisher complyingwith Section 906 and having a minimum rating of 2-A:20-B:C.

During unloading of the tank vehicle, the portable fireextinguisher shall be out of the carrying device on thevehicle and shall be 15 feet (4572 mm) or more from theunloading valves.

5706.7 Refineries. Plants and portions of plants in whichflammable liquids are produced on a scale from crude petro-leum, natural gasoline or other hydrocarbon sources shall bein accordance with Sections 5706.7.1 through 5706.7.3.Petroleum-processing plants and facilities or portions ofplants or facilities in which flammable or combustible liquidsare handled, treated or produced on a commercial scale fromcrude petroleum, natural gasoline, or other hydrocarbonsources shall also be in accordance with API 651, API 653,API 752, API 1615, API 2001, API 2003, API 2009, API2015, API 2023, API 2201 and API 2350.

5706.7.1 Corrosion protection. Above-ground tanks andpiping systems shall be protected against corrosion inaccordance with API 651.

5706.7.2 Cleaning of tanks. The safe entry and cleaningof petroleum storage tanks shall be conducted in accor-dance with API 2015.

5706.7.3 Storage of heated petroleum products. Wherepetroleum-derived asphalts and residues are stored inheated tanks at refineries and bulk storage facilities or intank vehicles, such products shall be in accordance withAPI 2023.

5706.8 Vapor recovery and vapor-processing systems.Vapor-processing systems in which the vapor source operatesat pressures from vacuum, up to and including 1 psig (6.9kPa) or in which a potential exists for vapor mixtures in theflammable range, shall comply with Sections 5706.8.1through 5706.8.5.

Exceptions:

1. Marine systems complying with federal transporta-tion waterway regulations such as DOTn 33 CFRParts 154 through 156, and CGR 46 CFR Parts 30,32, 35 and 39.

2. Motor fuel-dispensing facility systems complyingwith Chapter 23.

5706.8.1 Over-pressure/vacuum protection. Tanks andequipment shall have independent venting for over-pres-



sure or vacuum conditions that might occur from malfunc-tion of the vapor recovery or processing system.

Exception: For tanks, venting shall comply with Sec-tion 5704.2.7.3.

5706.8.2 Vent location. Vents on vapor-processing equip-ment shall be not less than 12 feet (3658 mm) from adja-cent ground level, with outlets located and directed so thatflammable vapors will disperse to below the lower flam-mable limit (LFL) before reaching locations containingpotential ignition sources.

5706.8.3 Vapor collection systems and overfill protec-tion. The design and operation of the vapor collection sys-tem and overfill protection shall be in accordance with thissection and Section 19.5 of NFPA 30.

5706.8.4 Liquid-level monitoring. A liquid knock-outvessel used in the vapor collection system shall havemeans to verify the liquid level and a high-liquid-levelsensor that activates an alarm. For unpopulated facilities,the high-liquid-level sensor shall initiate the shutdown ofliquid transfer into the vessel and shutdown of vaporrecovery or vapor-processing systems.

5706.8.5 Overfill protection. Storage tanks served byvapor recovery or processing systems shall be equippedwith overfill protection in accordance with Section5704.2.7.5.8.

FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS · 2017-02-24 · FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS 408 2015...

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Transcript of FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS · 2017-02-24 · FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS 408 2015...