REVIEW OF PLANNING IN INDIA-OBJECTIVE &STRATEGY OF FIVE

YEAR PLANS

PRESENTED BY-

INDU KUMARI

MANORANJAN PAUL

NALINAKSH TRIPATHI

RANJIT NAYAK

RENU SHARMA

SAURABH KUMAR SONI

WHAT IS A PLAN?

A plan spells out how the resources of a nation should be put to use.

It should have some general goals as well as specific objectives which are to be achieved within a specified period of time.

In India plans are of five years duration and are called five year plans .

OBJECTIVE OF PLANNING

Economic growth

Self reliance

Removal of unemployment

Reduction in income inequalities

Elimination of poverty

PLANNING COMMISSION

The Planning Commission is an institution in the Government of India, which formulates India's Five-Year Plans.

Planning Commission was set up on 15 March 1950, with Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru as the chairman.

NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL

The prime minister presides over the NDC. The secretary of the planning commission is also the secretary of NDC.

To consider the national plan as formulated by the planning commission endorse its development strategy.

REVIEW OF PLANS

The First Five Year Plan was launched in 1951. The process of implementation of the Five Year Plans was disrupted in 1966 and the Fourth Five Year Plan was put off by three years due to the severe drought in the country and aggressions from China and Pakistan. The intervention period between the Third and Fourth Five Year Plans had annual Plans. This period is referred to as Plan Holiday.Fifth FYP was launched and planned for period 1974-79 but Janata government came in power in 1978 and ended the plan prematurely in 1978. The Janata government launched sixth FYP for period 1978-1983. Congress government when came in power in 1980 abandoned the sixth FYP and launched a new sixth FYP for period 1980-1985. The plan for period, 1978-80, is

called the rolling plan.

FIRST FIVE YEAR PLAN(1951-55)

Based on Harrod Domer model

OBJECTIVES The standard of living Community and agriculture

development Energy and irrigation Communications and transport Industry Land rehabilitation Social services Target of GDP growth 2.1 per

year

ACHIEVEMENTS

GDP 3.6% per year Evolution of good irrigation

system

IMPROVEMENT RoadsCivil aviationRailwaysPosts &TelegraphsManufacture of fertilizersElectrical equipment

DISADVANTAGES

Development of only a few industries.

Private industry had not developed.

SECOND FIVE YEAR PLAN(1956-1961)

Based on P.C. Mahalanobis model

OBJECTIVES To increase by 25% the national

income To make the country more

industrialized To increase employment

DEVELOPMENT OF Mining and industry Community and agriculture

development Power and irrigation Social services Communications and

transport

ACHIEVEMENTS

5 Steel plants A hydro-electric power project  Production of coal increased More railway lines Land reform measures Improved the living standards of

the people The large enterprises in seventeen

industries were nationalized

DISADVANTAGES

Eliminate the importation of consumer goods .

High tariffs.

Low quotas or banning some items altogether.

License were required for starting new companies.

This is when India got its License Raj, the bureaucratic control over the economy .

THIRD FIVE YEAR PLAN (1961-1966)

Based on P.C.Mahalanobis model

OBJECTIVES More stress to agriculture • subsidies • Sufficient help

Effective use of country's resources 

To increase the national income by 5% per year

To increase the production of agriculture.

Employment generation To establish equality among all

the people of the country

ACHIEVEMENTS Decentralization Organizations formed• Panchayat • Zila Parishads

Laid emphasis on• oil conservation• irrigation• Afforestation

Many fertilizer  and cement plants were built

Green Revolution

PROBLEMS FACED

Sino Indian War, India witnessed increase in price of products. The resulting inflation.

FOURTH FIVE YEAR PLAN(1969 - 1974)

OBJECTIVES To reform and restructure

government expenditure agenda( defence became one major expense)

To facilitated growth in exports

 To alter the socio economic structure of the society.

ACHIEVEMENTS Great advancement has been

made with regard to India's national income

Considered as one of the emerging powers

Served as a stepping stone for the economic growth

Food grains production increased 

PROBLEMS

A gap was created between the people of the rural areas and those of the urban areas. 

Due to recession, famine and drought, India did not pay much heed to long term goals

FIFTH FIVE YEAR PLAN(1974 -1979 )

OBJECTIVES To reduce social, regional, and

economic disparities To enhance agricultural

productivity To check rural and urban

unemployment To encourage self-employment Production support policies in

the cottage industry sector To develop labor intensive

technological improvements

ACHIEVEMENTS Food grain production was above

118  million tons due to the improvement of infrastructural facilities

Bombay High had  shot up the commercial production of oil in India

PROBLEM FACED

The world economy was in a troublesome state.

This had a negative impact on the Indian economy.

Prices in the energy and food sector skyrocketed and as a consequence inflation became inevitable

SIXTH FIVE YEAR PLAN (1980-1985)

OBJECTIVES To improve productivity level To initiate modernization for

achieving economic and technological self-reliance

To control poverty and unemployment

To develop indigenous energy sources and efficient energy usage

To initiate Family Planning 

ACHIEVEMENTS Speedy  industrial development Emphasis on the information

technology sector Self sufficiency in food Several successful programs on

improvement of public health Government investments  in the

Indian healthcare sector

PROBLEM FACED

During this time the Prime Minister was Rajiv Gandhi and hence industrial development was the emphasis of this plan some opposed it specially the communist groups, this slowed down the pace of progress.

SEVENTH FIVE YEAR PLAN (1985-1989)

OBJECTIVES Anti-poverty program Improved facilities for education to

girls The government undertook to

increase productivity of •Oilseeds,Fruits,Vegetables•Pulses,cereals,Fish•Egg,Meat,milk.

Communications • Emergence of informatics, and

hooking up of telecommunications with computers

Transport •  inland waterways, product

pipelines, civil aviation, coastal shipping

ACHIEVEMENTS Social Justice Removal of oppression of the

weak Using modern technology Agricultural development Anti-poverty programs Full supply of food, clothing,

and shelter Increasing productivity of

small and large scale farmers Making India an Independent

Economy

PROBLEMS

1989-91 was a period of political instability in India and hence no five year plan was implemented.

In 1991, India faced a crisis in foreign exchange(Forex)

reserves. Between 1990 and 1992, there were only Annual Plans.

EIGHTH FIVE YEAR PLAN (1992-1997)

OBJECTIVES To generate full scale employment Promote social welfare measures

like improved healthcare, sanitation, communication and provision for extensive education facilities at all levels

To check the increasing population growth by creating mass awareness programs

To encourage growth and diversification of agriculture

To strengthen the infrastructural facilities

To place greater emphasis on role of private initiative in the development of the industrial sector

ACHIEVEMENTS Rise in the employment level.

Poverty reduction.

Self-reliance on domestic resources.

Self-sufficiency in agricultural production.

GDP Growth Per Annum 5.6

NINTH FIVE YEAR PLAN(1997-2002)

OBJECTIVES To prioritize rural development To generate adequate employment

opportunities To ensure food and nutritional

security To provide for the basic

infrastructural facilities like education for all, safe drinking water, primary health care, transport, energy

To check the growing population increase

To encourage social issues like women empowerment

To create a liberal market for increase in private investments

ACHIEVEMENTS  A combined effort of public,

private, and all levels of government.

Ensured the growth of India's economy.

Service sector showed fast growth rate.

TENTH FIVE YEAR PLAN(2002-2007)

This Plan was introduced in April 2002. The Plan was launched when there were both positive and negative features. Positive being, GDP growth rate was at 6.5% p.a. Population growth had declined to less than 2%. Percentage of people below the poverty line was decreasing. Literacy rate increased to 65% in 2001. Software and IT Services emerged as new sectors of strength. Negatives were that growth had generated less than expected employment. The infant mortality rate had stagnated and there was acute shortage of drinking water.

OBJECTIVES

An average annual growth rate of 8% Increase in per capita income at 6.4% p.a. Enhancement of human well being through an adequate level

of consumption of fixed and other type of consumer goods and access to basic social services

Expansion of economic and social opportunities for individuals and groups and greater participation in decision making.

To transform the country into the fastest growing economy of the worldForests and environmentScience and technology

ELEVENTH FIVE YEAR PLAN(2007-2012)

OBJECTIVES

The objective of the Plan is “Towards faster and more inclusive growth”.

Economic growth from 7.6%-9%. Agricultural growth from 2.13%-4%. Poverty reduction at level of 10%. Unemployment less than 5%. Employment generation 3 crore. Create an enabling environment for the socio, political and

economic empowerment of women. Literacy rate to be increased 85%. Forest cover to be increased 5%.

ACHIEVEMENTS OF PLANNING IN INDIA

Growth of National and Per Capita Income

Growth in Employment

Distributive Justice

Self-reliance

Industrial Progress

THANK YOU