Five Themes of

Geography

By PresenterMedia.com

Geography

Geography: the study of the Earth

Where are things located?

Why are they there?

Location

Location: where a place is

• Cardinal Directions: North, South, East, West

• Intermediate Directions: lie between cardinal directions; northeast

Latitude (parallels): distance north or south of the Equator Equator = 0°

Longitude (meridians): distance east or west of the Prime Meridian

Prime Meridian = 0°

Location

Hemispheres: half the earth

Equator divides Earth into northern and southern hemispheres

Prime Meridian divides the Earth into eastern and western hemispheres

North Pole = 90° N

South Pole = 90° S

NS

E W

Location

Longitude Lines + Latitude Lines = Global Grid

Latitude

Longitude

Location

Global Grid Map

Alpha-numeric Grid

Absolute Location: exact location

• Savannah, Georgia is located at 32° N, 81° W

• The White House is at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue

Relative Location: location of a place relative to another

place

• Tallahassee is about 400 miles northwest of Miami

• Get to the Mini Mart, head ¼ mile west, turn right at

the lights…

Location

RegionsRegions: groups that are defined by certain similar characteristics:

• population, history, climate, landforms, etc.

Country: common national historyCity or country: common governmentSchool District: common school system

Land can be divided into regions that share: Formal features -----Regions in western United States include the Rocky Mountains and Mojave Desert (landforms).-- Regions in Mexico include that specific city’s population (Mexico City’s population is 23,000,000 people and still increasing)

Functional features ---newspaper service area, cell phone coverage area

PlacePlace: An area that is defined by everything in it. All places have features that give them personality and distinguish them from other places at a specific location (or spot)

• Human (characteristics) Features: Man-made• Physical (characteristics) Features: Nature

Human Features Physical FeaturesMusic Beliefs Climate LandformsClothing Food Plants AnimalsReligion Languages Natural Resources

MovementMovement: explains how people, goods, and ideas get from one place to another

What happens in one place affects what happens in another

- HUMAN MovementTrucks, Trains, Planes, Auto

- INFORMATION (Technology) MovementPhones, computer (email), mail

- IDEA MovementHow do fads or cultural traditions move fromplace to place?

TV, Radio, Magazines

Push Factors: causes a person to leave a particular area

Pull Factors: causes a person to come into a particular area

Push Factors Pull FactorsWar Job OpeningsSickness (Epidemic) Good Weather/ClimateNo JobsBad Weather/Climate -Lots of Natural

Resources-Few Natural Resources -Exploration-Restrictions on Religion -Money-Government Control -Freedom

Human-Environment Interaction

Human-Environment Interaction: explores how people affect their environment, or natural surroundings and how the environment affects them

-Cut trails into mountains-Learned to survive with little water

Human-Environment Interaction

Decisions People Make to Adapt to Environment:

-We Depend on the environmentFor example, people depend on the Mississippi River for water and transportation

-We Modify the environment by heatingand cooling buildings for comfort

-We Adapt to the environment by wearing clothing suitable for summer (shorts) and winter (coats), rain and shine.

Remembering the 5 themes

If you can’t remembering what they are just ask MR. HELP!!!

____ – Movement

____ – Regions

____ – Human Environment interaction

____ – Location

____- Place

If you can’t remembering what they are just ask MR. HELP!!!

____ – Movement____ – Regions____ – Human Environment interaction____ – Location____- Place

Alpha-Numeric Map: http://www.rrcs.org/socialstudies9745.aspx

Absolute Location Map: http://pinkmathematics.blogspot.com/2013/05/if-world-were-village-of-100-people.html