Five level lowcost multilevel inverter fed DTC – SVMof induction motor. Five level lowcost... ·...

D. Jaya Deepu et. al. / International Journal of New Technologies in Science and EngineeringVol. 1, Issue. 1, Jan. 2014, ISSN XXXX-XXXX

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Five level lowcost multilevel inverter fed DTC –SVM of induction motor

D. Jaya Deepu and Jagan Mohana Rao MallaEmail: [email protected]

Abstract— Direct Torque Control is a control technique used in AC drive systems to obtainhigh performance torque control. The conventional DTC drive contains a pair of hysteresiscomparators, a flux and torque estimator and a voltage vector selection table. The torque andflux are controlled simultaneously by applying suitable voltage vectors, and by limiting thesequantities within their hysteresis bands, de-coupled control of torque and flux can be achieved.However, as with other hysteresis-bases systems, DTC drives utilizing hysteresis comparatorssuffer from high torque ripple and variable switching frequency. The most common solution tothis problem is to use the space vector with multilevel inverter depends on the reference torqueand flux. The reference voltage vector is then realized using a voltage vector modulator.Several variations of DTC-SVM with low cost multilevel inverter or parallel inverter (fivelevel) have been proposed and discussed in the literature. The work of this project is to study,evaluate and compare the various techniques of the DTC-SVM with parallel inverter applied tothe induction machines through simulations. The simulations were carried out usingMATLAB/SIMULINK simulation package. Evaluation was made based on the driveperformance, which includes dynamic torque and flux responses, feasibility and the complexityof the systems. It is better technology in electric vehicles.

Keywords— Multilevel inverter, DTC-SVM, Converter, Electric Vehicles, Reliability,SVPWM, 5 Level parallel Inverter.

I. INTRODUCTION

MULTILEVEL inverters have been developed to overcome harmonics in output, and improve theshape of output to reach sinusoidal waveform. By using PWM inverters have been developed toovercome shortcomings in solid-state switching device ratings. But here multilevel cost is very high.My proposed structure is overcome this problem, and also decrease the on time of every thyristor/Gto. So the reliability and lifetime of circuit will be increase. Most discussed in the literature arethree level to several multilevel with suitable new PWM method for proposed circuits. For examplefig1is a 7 level low cost multilevel inverter.



Fig 1: 7 level parallel multilevel inverter.

II. MODULATION STRATEGIESThis new switching strategies are shown in Table 1. And new SPWM technique is shown in Fig 4.

From this fig we are used only 3 carrier waves for 7 level inverter. Generally for m level inverter thenumber of carrier waves is (m-1)/2. The output magnitude is controlled by using modulation index(mi), and frequency is controlled by controlling only reference wave frequency or frequency ratiomf.

Index ma and frequency ratio is defined as ma= 2 * Ar

(m-1)*Ac

mf = fc/fr

Where Ac= magnitude of carrier wave signal.

Ar= magnitude of reference wave signal

m= level of inverter

fr= reference wave frequency

fc= carrier wave frequency.



Fig2: New SPWM for 7 level parallel inverter.

In Fig2, T3, T3’ is on only one time and remaining switches are on twice per one complete cyclefor 7 level parallel inverter (low cost multilevel inverter).

III. DTC-SVM WITH MULTILEVEL INVERTERInduction motor torque control has traditionally been achieved using Field Oriented Control

(FOC). This involves the transformation of stator currents into asynchronously rotating d-q referenceframe that is typically aligned to the rotor flux. In this reference frame, the torque and flux producingcomponents of the stator current are decoupled. A PI controller is then used to regulate the outputvoltage to achieve the reputed stator current and therefore torque. This PI controller limits thetransient response of the torque controller.

Direct Torque Control (DTC) uses an induction motor model to achieve a desired output torque.By using only current and voltage measurements, it is possible to estimate the instantaneous statorflux and output torque. An induction motor model is then used to predict the voltage required todrive the flux and torque to demanded values within a fixed time period. This calculated voltage isthen synthesized using space vector modulation (SVM).

The stator flux vector, and the torque produced by the motor, Tem , can be estimated using andrespectively. These only require knowledge of the previously applied voltage vector, measured statorcurrent, and stator resistance.

As shown in Fig 4, the voltage required to drive the error in the torque and flux to zero iscalculated directly. The calculated voltage is then synthesized using Space Vector Modulation. If theinverter is not capable of generating the required voltage then the voltage vector which will drive thetorque and flux towards the demand value is chosen and held for the complete cycle.



Fig 3. General block diagram of 5 level DTC

Fig 4. Basic DTC induction motor scheme

Fig 5. System diagram of PSSVM-DTC



Fig 6: space vector modulation for 5 level parallel inverter

Fig 7: pulse generation for five level parallel inverter.

IV. RESULTS

Fig 8.a



Fig 8.b

Fig. 8.a diagram of DTC-SVM with five level parallel inverter(5 level low cost inverter) and fig8.b diagram of general DTC-SVM using SIMULINK/MATLAB.

Fig. 9 (a) and (b) show the simulation results for load stator currents for general and DTC-SVMwith five level parallel (low cost multilevel inverter) respectively for a reference speed of 1440 rpm.As shown, reduces steady-state ripple in stator current.

Fig (a)



Fig (b)

Fig. 9 Simulation results for stator current of (a) general DTC (b) DTC-SVM with five levelparallel (low cost multilevel inverter) for 1440 rpm

Fig. 10 (a) and (b) show the stator flux response for general and DTC-SVM with five levelparallel (low cost multilevel inverter) respectively for a reference speed of 1440 rpm. The classicalDTC uses a constant flux command of 0.742 Wb, whereas SVM method uses an optimized value,which 0.989 Wb. The SVM method reduces the flux ripple to a considerable lower mount.

Fig (a)

Fig (b)

Fig. 10 Simulation results for flux response of (a) general DTC (b) DTC-SVM with five levelparallel (low cost multilevel inverter) for 1440 rpm



Fig.11 (a) and (b) show the 3-phase stator current for general and DTC-SVM with five levelparallel (low cost multilevel inverter) respectively for a reference speed of 1440 rpm. An on loadtorque applied at 2 second. The enlarged view of Fig.11 (a) and (b) at a torque load condition ispresented. The proposed method (DTC-SVM with five level inverter) is able to reduce ripples in 3-phase stator current as well.

Fig (a)

Fig (b)

Fig. 11 Simulation results for stator current of (a) general DTC (b) DTC-SVM with five levelparallel (low cost multilevel inverter) for 1440 rpm

Fig.12 (a) and (b) Show the speed for general and DTC-SVM with five level parallel (low costmultilevel inverter) respectively for a reference speed of 1440 rpm. It is observed that, the transientand steady state ripples are less in DTC-SVM.



Fig (a)

Fig(b)

Fig. 12 Simulation results for Speed of (a) general DTC (b) DTC-SVM with five level parallel(low cost multilevel inverter) for 1440 rpm

Fig.13 (a) and (b) Show the 3-phase output voltages for general and DTC-SVM with five levelparallel (low cost multilevel inverter) respectively for a reference speed of 1440 rpm. It is observedthat, in on load condition the output voltage ripples are reduced in DTC-SVM



Fig(a)

Fig (b)

Fig. 13 Simulation results for 3-phase voltages of ((a) general DTC (b) DTC-SVM with five levelparallel (low cost multilevel inverter) for 1440 rpm

Fig. 14 (a) and (b) show stator flux trajectory for general and DTC-SVM with five level parallel(low cost multilevel inverter) respectively for a reference speed of 1440 rpm. The smoother fluxtrajectory for the proposed one confirms the ripple reduction in torque, flux, stator current and speedresponse.



Fig (a)

Fig (b)

Fig. 14 (c) and (d) show electric torque response for general and DTC-SVM with five levelparallel (low cost multilevel inverter) respectively a reference speed of 1440 rpm.

A step change in load torque from 20 N-m to 5 N-m is applied at 1.5 second. In addition to theinherent disadvantages of general DTC, the constant reference flux causes higher ripple at lowertorque level. The proposed (DTC-SVM with five level parallel inverter) method causes lower rippleat lower torque level. In addition to the torque ripple minimization (~1/12th), this method is also ableto eliminate the torque under-shoot and over-shoots.

1.0 1.25 1.5 1.75 2.0-10

0

10

20

30

Time (Sec)

Torque(N-m)

Fig (c)



1.0 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.0-10

0

10

20

30

Time (Sec)

Torque(N-m)

Fig (d)

Fig. 14 Simulation results for torque response of (c) general DTC (d) DTC-SVM with 5 levelparallel inverter for 1440 rpm

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[63]. Apoorva Saxena and Subhash Chandra, “Rural Off Grid Electrification Using Hybrid Mini grid and its SocioEconomic Impact : A Case Study of District Pilibhit”, International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical andElectronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 2, Issue. 1, pp. 70-73, April-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[64]. C. Brahmananda Babu, D. Lenine and Chintapalli. K. Sudhakar, “An Improved Performance of Power FactorCorrection Circuits with Average Current Control Approach”, International Journal of Emerging Trends inElectrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 7, Issue. 1, pp.58-62, Sep-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[65]. K ElanSeralathan, Joseph Richards A, Rajasekaran C, Sambath kumar S and Santhosh Kumar G, “Modleing ofElectric Tree Progression in the Presence of Barrier”, International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical andElectronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 5, Issue. 2, pp. 49-52, July-2013, www.iret.co.in

[66]. Ratandeep Gupta, Rashmi Chandra, Vikas Chaudhary and Nitin Saxena, “OPTIMAL LOAD DISPATCH USINGBCOEEFICIENT”, International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 3, Issue. 1, pp. 53-56, May-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[67]. K.Sandhya, Dr.A.Jaya Laxmi and Dr.M.P.Soni, “Optimal Placement of Distribution Generation in RadialDistribution System”, International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN:2320-9569), Vol. 2, Issue. 1, pp. 74-80, April-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[68]. K V S Ramachandra Murthy, Mamta Karayat, P. K. Das, A. Ravi Shankar & G. V. Srihara Rao, “Loss LessDistribution using Optimal Capacitor and Type -3 DG Placement”, International Journal of Engineering Trends inElectrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569) Vol. 3, Issue 1, pp. 57-60, May, 2013, www.iret.co.in.

[69]. K ElanSeralathan, Joseph Richards A, Rajasekaran C, Sambath kumar S and Santhosh Kumar G, “Modleing ofElectric Tree Progression with Different Barrier Width and Field Studies”, International Journal of EmergingTrends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 5, Issue. 2, pp. 53-58, July-2013,www.iret.co.in.

[70]. K ElanSeralathan, Joseph Richards A, Rajasekaran C, Sambath kumar S and Santhosh Kumar G, “Understandingthe Field Conditions Around the Barrier for Electric Tree Propagation”, International Journal of Emerging Trendsin Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 5, Issue. 2, Jpp. 59-63, uly-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[71]. Ms.Santoshi Gupta, “Simulation of PQ Disturbances by MATLAB”, International Journal of Emerging Trends inElectrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 1, Issue. 1, pp. 74-79, March-2013, www.iret.co.in.



[72]. M.Sankar, G.Murugaraja, D.VasanthaKumar, S.Vignesh, B.Ramachendran, “Simulate and Analysis of the Limitof Output Capacitor Reduction in Power Factor Correctors by Distorting the Line Input Current”, InternationalJournal of Engineering Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569) Vol. 3, Issue 1, pp. 65-69, May, 2013, www.iret.co.in.

[73]. Mrs Babita Panda, Dr. Bhagabata Panda and Dr. P.K Hota, “Smart Grid Hybrid Generation System”, InternationalJournal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 2, Issue. 4, pp. 68-70,April-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[74]. M. Koteswara Rao, T.Ganeshkumar and PappuPawan Puthra, “Mitigation of Voltage Sag and Voltage Swell byUsing D-STATCOM and PWM Switched Autotransformer”, International Journal of Emerging Trends inElectrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 7, Issue. 1, pp. 40-48, Sep.-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[75]. T. S. Sirish, G. V. Srihara Rao & K V S Ramachandra Murthy, “Optimal Capacitor and DG Placement for LossLess Distribution on 69- Bus System using KVS – Direct Search Algorithm”, International Journal of EngineeringTrends in Electrical and Electronics(IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 3, Issue 1, pp. 31-34, May, 2013,www.iret.co.in

[76]. K. Sreekanth Reddy, “Simulation of ZVS H-Bridge Inverter Using Soft Switching Boost Converter”, InternationalJournal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 7, Issue. 1, pp. 21-26,Sep-2013, www.iret.co.in

[77]. Shilpi Nayak, Shraddha Kaushik and Ishawari Prasad Sahu, “Algorithm for Removal of DC Offset in Current andVoltage Signals”, International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 1, Issue. 1, pp. 40-42, March-2013, www.iret.co.in

[78]. T. Nireekshana , Dr.G.Kesava Rao and Dr.S.Siva Naga Raju, “Congestion Mitigation based on GeneratorSensitivities in Deregulation”, International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE-ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 1, Issue. 1, pp. 13-19, March-2013, www.iret.co.in

[79]. M.Abitha Thangam and Dr.V.Gopalakrishnan, “Power Factor Improvement Using PQ Theory Based HybridController for Three Phase Converter”, International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics(IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 1, Issue. 1, pp. 20-24, March-2013, www.iret.co.in

[80]. Mamta Karayat, G. V. Srihara Rao, Ravi Kumar Kenguva & K V S Ramachandra Murthy, “Optimal Capacitorand Type -2 DG Placement using Modified KVS – Direct Search Algorithm for Loss Less Distribution”,International Journal of Engineering Trends in Electrical and Electronics(IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569) Vol. 3, Issue1, pp. 20-24, May, 2013, www.iret.co.in

[81]. U. Ravi Kumar, G. Surya Chandra & K V S Ramachandra Murthy, “Optimal Placement of SPV based DG usingHeuristic Search Strategies for Loss Less Distribution”, International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical andElectronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 6, Issue. 1, pp. 13-23, Aug-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[82]. S. D. Gokhale and Dr. S. A. Patil, “Variable Frequency HV Testing of Capacitor Using PIC 18F452”,International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 7, Issue.1, pp. 13-20, Sep-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[83]. Swati Agrawal, Dr.Prema Daigawane and Dr.J.B.Helonde, “Comparison of Induced Voltages in Different CasesDescribing the Effect of High Voltage on Transmission Line”, International Journal of Emerging Trends inElectrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 8, Issue. 1, pp. 25-29, Oct-2013, www.iret.co.in

[84]. K. Chandram, Ch. Venkat Rao, G. V. Srihara Rao & K V S Ramachandra Murthy, “Optimal Placement of Type -1DG using KVS – Direct Search Algorithm for Loss Less Distribution”, International Journal of EngineeringTrends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569) Vol. 3, Issue 1, pp. 25-28, May, 2013,www.iret.co.in.

[85]. T. Suneel, “Space Vector Modulation Controlled Hybrid Active Power Filter for Power Conditioning”,International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 1, Issue.4, pp. 32-50, March-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[86]. G.Vijayakumar and R Anita, “Renewable Energy Based Shunt Compensator for Power Quality Improvement”,International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE – ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 9,Issue. 1, Nov-2013, www.iret.co.in.

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[88]. Danish Chaudhary, Amit Kumar Singhal, Madhur Chauhan, “Analysis of Harmonic Free Voltage Regulator withSimulation Technique”, International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE – ISSN:2320-9569), Vol. 9, Issue. 1, Nov-2013, www.iret.co.in.

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