* Sensitivity Greatly Increr

Standard Key Instrument for Volumetric AnalysisThe Improved Fisher Titrimeter (Reg. U. S. Pat. Off.) enables

greater accuracy of results, saves time and opens new fields of appli-cation. It has three times the sensitivity of the original model andthere are now only three controls.

End points detected by the electrometric method-indicated by theunmistakable movement of the magic eye-are much more accuratethan those detected by visual means.

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Headquarters for Laboratory Supplies

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In Canada: Fisher Scientific Co., Ltd., 904 St. James Street, Montreal, Quebec

TITRIMETERApplicable to

These Determinations-and many others

1. Total Acid or Alkali ofa Solution

2. Zinc in Non-ferrousMetals

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and Nickel (simulta-neously) Alloy Steel

9. Chromium and Vana-dium (simultaneously)in Steel

10. Acid and Base Numberin Petroleum Products

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(with Karl Fischerreagent)

14. Dissolved Oxygen15. Copper and Arsenic in

Insecticides16. pH values of Solutions

Announcing a new name with a new meaning

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marking a trend -First of all, idl's list of customers has changed.

In the beginning only the AEC and a few centorsof pure research were on idl's customer list. Today,while the old names are still there, hundreds ofnew ones appeor-scores of outstanding medicalcenters, agricultural and biological laboratories andbig industries. And, as our customer list haschanged, our customers' needs have changed.idl itself has changed IWhen idl was new, "instrument development"

succinctly described our basic function. But today-while the development of new and better instru-ments for nuclear work of all kinds remains a con-tinu;ng prime activity-we are also volume monu-facturers of standard instruments. Most of our cus-tomers today don't want "an instrument developed"-but wont a reosonable-priced, proved, perfectedinstrument that can be relied upon to do efficientlythe specific job, or jobs, they wont to do. We offerthe most complete line of such instruments.

looking ahead -As the nuclear sciences daily penetrate Jeeper

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0fi I nuclear instrument & chemical corporation223-233 West Eie Stree, Chicago 10, IllinoisFORMERLY Intrment Devlopment Waborotrle, Inc.

SCIENCE, September 10, 1948, Vol. 108 1

D@ABAUBX~~"qooVol. 108 No. 2802 Friday, September 10, 1948

CONTENTS

The Maintenance of Scientific Profi-ciency in Nonacademic ResearchLaboratories:

LeonardB. Loeb 267

Association AffairsCentennialCelebration Notes ............................................. 273

Comments and CommunicationsAnti-Rh Pseudoagglutinins in IV-6 HumanPlasma Fraction; Recent Developments inWeed Control; The American-Soviet ScienceSociety; On the Number of Genes in Man;On the Solubility of Fibrin Clots ........................ 278

Technical PapersThe Antirheumatic Effect of Sodium Gentisate:Karl Meyer and Charles Ragan .......................... 281

Does Glutamic Acid Have Any Effect onLearning?:Eliot Stellar and William D. McElroy ..................281

Effect of Heparin and Dicoumarol on SludgeFormation:Harold Laufman, Wayne B. Martin, andCarlos Tanturi ....... ............................. 283

An Experiment on Human Vitamin B8 Depri-vation: W. W. Hawkins and James Barsky 284

The Utilization of Carbon Dioxide by the Ma-ture Rat in the Formation of Fatty Acids:Jack Schubert and Wallace D. Armstrong ...... 286

In the LaboratoryThe Radio Inductograph-A Device for Re-

cording Physiological Activity in Unre-strained Animals:J. L. Fuller and T. M. Gordon, Jr ......................... 287

Design of a Collapsible, Lightweight "IronLung" Respirator:Harold Lamport and Ralph D. Eichhorn ...... 288

Book ReviewsDuftgelenkte Bienen im Dienste der Landwirt-

schaft und Imkerei: Karl von Frisch.ReviewedbyArthurD.Hasler ..................................... 290

Small-fruit culture: a text for instruction andreference work and a guide for field practice.(2nd ed.): James S. Shoemaker.Reviewed by Franklin A. Gilbert .............................. 290

science, a weekly journal, is published each Friday by theAmerican Association for the Advancement of Science atThe Business Press, Incorporated, N. Queen St. and McGovernAve., Lancaster, Pa. Founded in 1880, it has been since1900 the official publication of the AAAS. Editorial and Ad-vertising Offices, 1515 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W.. Wash-ington 5, D. C. Telephone, EXecutive or 60 Cable

address, SCIMAG, Washington, D. C. Entered as second-class matter at the Post Off0ce at Lancaster. Pa., January 13,1948[under the Act of March 3, 1879. Acceptance for mail-ingatlthe special rate postage provided for in the Act o1February 28, 1925, embodied in paragraph 4, Bec. 538 P. Land R., authorized January 13, 1

Articles offered for publication should be sent to the Edi-tor. The AAAS assumes no responsibility for the opinionsexpressed by contributors. Membership correspondence forthe AAAS should be sent to the Administrative Secretary.Annual subscription, $7.50; single copies $.25: foreign

postage (outside the Pan-American Union). $1.00 extra;

2

Canadian postage, $50 extra. Remittances and orders forsubscription and single copies should be sent to the Circula-tion Department, AAA, North Queen Street and McGovernAvenue, Lancaster Pennsylvania, and 1515 MassachusettsAvenue, N.W., Washington 5, D. C. Claims for missing num-bers will not be allowed if received more than 60 days fromdate of issue. No claims allowed from subscribers in CentralEurope, Asia, or the Pacific Islands other than Hawaii or be-cause of failure to notify the Circulation Department of achange of address or because copy is missing from the files.Change of address. Four weeks notice is required for

change of address. This should be sent to Science. 1515Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington 6, D. C. Whenordering a change, please furnish an address senil labelfrom a recent issue. Address changes can be made only Itthe old as well as the new address supplied.The American Association for the Advancement of Science

also publishes The Soientiflo Monthly. Subscription rateson request

SCIENCE, September 10, 1948, Vol. 108

Mildred Atwood F. A. Moulton

Acting EdItor Advertisng Manager

Publicatons CommitteeFarnton Daniel, john E. Flynn, icrtley F.

Mather, Walter . Mdes, Malcolm H. Souls,Steven M. Spen

- - . - -

IHYS ICS for Arts and Sciences,

By L. Grant Hector, Ph.D., Sonotone Corp. ofAmerica; Herbert S. Lein, Ph.D., University ofBuffalo; Clifford E. Scouten, Ph.D., Universityof Buffalo

IN terse, lucid, interest-holding stylethis new text offers material for an

elementary course on the new conceptsof modern physics.

Among its many fresh and stimulatingfeatures are: Presentation of problems

in graded groups; summary of principalideas at each chapter's end; suggestionsfor experimental work to be done athome or in laboratory; large number ofcolor illustrations, which high-light thekey points in experiments and apparatus.

Ready now! Won't you examine it soon and give us your opinion?

THE BLAKISTON COMPANYPhiladelphia 5, Pa.

SCIENCE, September 10, 1948, Vol. 108

1 ill g],51,0 QIR U lp G g] -0 lp Alp, U [P U M̂ ElTre 1

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Natural HistoryALBERT HAZEN WRIGHT, CORNELLUNIVERSITY, ADVISORY EDITOR

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HANDBOOK OF LIZARDS

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AQUATIC PLANTS OF THEUNITED STATES

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HANDBOOK OF THE MOSQUITOESOF NORTH AMERICA

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ELECTRON-RAY Research p1H MeterA portable, completely self-con-tained, line operated instrument.Sensitivity .005 pH, readings re-producible to .01 pH, accuracy .02pH, range 0 to 14 Ph, 0 to 1200 v.Laboratory and Industrial Modelsalso available.

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Pioneer Manufacturers of Precision Instruments3748 Grand Central Terminal, New York 17

For the Determination of TITANIUM

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TIRON is an extremely sensitive reagent for the determi-nation of TITANIUM (indicated sensitivity, 1 part ofTITANIUM in 100,000,000 parts of solution). Only afew ions interfere. Furthermore, TIRON may be usedto determine both Titanium and Iron in same solution.TIRON REAGENT available from stock. Price per 10gram bottle $2.50-f.o.b. Towson 4, Md.

For the Determination of TUNGSTEN

WVO LF RO N(Anti-1, 5-di- (p-methoxyphenyl) -1-hydroxylamino-3-

oximino-4-pentene)

A new organic compound developed by John H. Yoe andA. Letcher Jones, University of Virginia (Reference-In-dustrial and Engineering Chemistry, Analytical Edition,Vol. 16, p. 45-48 1944) as a reagent for the gravimetricdetermination of Tungsten. Procedures have been devisedfor its use in the determination of tungsten ores and alloys.Determinations of tungsten with the new reagent areequivalent in accuracy to the standard cinchonine method.Packaged in lg., Sg., 1Og., and 25g., containers. Priceper 1Og. bottle $5.00 f.o.b. Towsonj Md.

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SCIENCE, September 10, 1948, Vol. 1084

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"VITAMIN FREE" CASEIN HYDROLYSATE GBI is an acid hydrolysate of a 10%solution of Vitamin Test Casein, subjected to repeated carbon treatmentsto render it "vitamin free." When suitably supplemented, it will supportexcellent growth of the organisms employed for microbiological assay

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RIBOFLAVIN BASAL MEDIUM GBI is a complete basal medium stock solutionsuitable for microbiological riboflavin assay, U.S.P.XIII. Packed in 100 ml.serum bottles.NIACIN BASAL MEDIUM OBI is a complete basal medium stock solution inlyophilized form for microbiological niacin and niacinamide assay U.S.P.XIII.Packed in serum bottles containing enough dry medium to make 500 ml. ofstock solution.YEAST SUPPLEMENT SOLUTION GBI is offered as a convenience to investigatorswho prefer to make up their own media for microbiological research. Packedin 10 ml. sealed ampuls.SUPPLEMENTAL INGREDIENTS are also supplied, such as crystalline vitamins,amino acids and purine bases.

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6 SCIENCE, September 10, 1948, VoL 108

6 SCIENCE, September 10, 1948, VoL 108

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.SCIENCE, September 10, 1948, Vol. 108 7

1 1 1

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* Revolutionary design and con-struction introduces new high stand-ards of optical and mechanical performance.

WIDER FIELDSSTURDIER MECHANICAL CONSTRUCTION

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WRITE for complete informa-tion and a demonstration. Bausch& Lomb Optical Company,642-V St. Paul St., Rochester2, New York.

F Kt

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SCIENCE, September 10, 1948, Vol. 108

I'

m

8

of over $1,000,000. The tunnel will be the center of gov-ernment and private research in aeronautics. With windvelocities up to 300 mph and a capacity for handlingmodels with wing spans of 8', the tunnel is one of themost efficient of its type. It is equipped with new-typeIBM machines for computation and reduction of dataobtained in tests.Among the University's most recent and outstanding

contributions to science is the development of the newantimalarial, pentaquin, by Nathan Drake and his staffof the Chemistry Department. The new drug, known asSN-13276, was discovered during the war. It is moreactive and, from one-third to one-half less toxic thanpomaquine, a drug discovered by the Germans whichformerly was the chief antimalarial used.Perhaps the most intensive research is carried out by

the College of Agriculture and the State Extension Ser-vice under the direction of T. B. Symons. A day doesnot go by that a new development is not announced thatwill make the life of Maryland's thousands of farmerseither easier or more profitable.Experiments are currently under way in the Physics

Department on the measurement of specific heat at hightemperatures, on cosmic radiation, and on physics in thesolid state.The University of Maryland rapidly is reaching the

peak of its physical development, but its scientific con-tributions will continue to grow with the new facilitiesthat are becoming available with every new building thatis added.

The Office of Naval ResearchOn May 19, 1945, the U. S. Navy began putting into

effect the most extensive peacetime scientific researchprogram ever undertaken. Almost three months beforethe atom bomb fell in Hiroshima, Secretary of the NavyForrestal established the Office of Research and Inven-tions to assure the Navy a well-coordinated research effortin every field of basic science.Renamed the Office of Naval Research and given statu-

tory permanence by Congress under Public Law 588 inAugust 1946, it is now headed by Rear Adm. Paul F. Lee,USN, who is assisted by Capt. C. M. Bolster, USN, deputyand assistant chief, and Alan T. Waterman, deputy andchief scientist. The office now has under way far-reach-ing research programs in the following physical sciences:nuclear physics, physics, chemistry, electronics, mechanicsand materials, geophysics, fluid mechanics, and mathe-

matics. The medical sciences are also a part of the pro-gram and include human ecology, physiology, biochem-istry, microbiology, psychophysiology, psychology, bio-physics, and dentistry. In the naval sciences, researchis progressing in undersea warfare. The Research Group,directed by Capt. W. H. Leahy, USN, is responsible forthe initiation and supervision of the research program.

Virtually every outstanding scientific laboratory in thecountry, whether it be part of a big industrial plant orpart of a university's science department, is working onsome phase of the research program of ONR. Leadingscientists of the country are guiding this tremendousscientific effort in the interests of the Navy and thenational security.ONR maintains at Navy Department headquarters in

Washington and also in branch offices in key cities andin England a Research Group consisting of engineers,physicists, chemists, and mathematicians working closelytogether to insure an adequate program of fundamentalresearch in the natural and applied sciences for the Navy.These scientists constantly review and appraise contractsfor basic research with industrial laboratories, privateresearch institutions, and universities.To coordinate further the research activities of the

Navy, the Naval Research Laboratory was made a partof ONR (see Science, August 20, p. 177).The Special Devices Center, located at Sands Point,

Long Island, and directed by Capt. George O 'Rear, USN,is also part of ONR. It is responsible for the conductof research and development in the fields of synthetictraining and human engineering in order to find effectiveways of teaching unskilled personnel how to use the newand complex weapons of the modern Navy. Its workconsists basically of 5 major phases: synthetic trainingdevices, research in human engineering, development ofresearch tools, tactical evaluators, and teaching aids.A nation is no stronger than the strength of the scien-

tific core from which it can draw in times of emergency.As Mr. Forrestal said in establishing the Office of NavalResearch: "Wars are fought primarily with weaponswhich are developed before the fighting begins. . . . Ifa nation is to be scientifically prepared, its preparednessmust be worked out in peacetime."

The Navy's long interest in science and its years ofsystematic research are proof that it has long believed inbeing scientifically prepared. The Navy's responsibilityfor the national security makes it imperative that it con-stantly explore all fields of science for the new powerswhich scientific research may bring.

The General Electric Company held a Whitney Day Ceremony on August 21 at its newResearch Laboratory in Schenectady in honor of the 80th birthday of Willis Rodney Whitney,founder of the laboratory and its director from 1900 to 1932. The ceremonies began with atour of the laboratory, and this was followed by an assembly in the foyer with speeches byC. G. Suits, vice-president and director of research; L. A. Hawkins, consultant; W. D. Coolidge,director emeritus of the laboratory and consultant; and E. A. Luebke, who spoke for theWhitney Club.

High light of the ceremony was the unveiling of a portrait of Dr. Whitney by Dr. Coolidge,his successor (see cover). Shown gathered around the portrait are (left to right) Dr. Suits,Dr. Whitney, Tran Mawicke (the artist), Dr. Coolidge, and Dr. Hawkins, the principal speakeron this occasion.

SCIENCE, September 10, 1948, Vol. 108 277