Fish and Fishery Products Production, Trade and...
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Marcio Castro de Souza Senior Fishery Officer (International Trade) [email protected] EUROFISH Governing Council Copenhagen – Feb 2020 Fish and Fishery Products Production, Trade and Trends
Transcript of Fish and Fishery Products Production, Trade and...
Marcio Castro de Souza
Senior Fishery Officer (International Trade)
EUROFISH Governing Council
Copenhagen – Feb 2020
Fish and Fishery Products
Production, Trade and Trends
The Institutional Framework of Fisheries in FAO
FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department
• responsible and sustainable use
• Contribution
• human well-being
• food security
• poverty alleviation
Vision
• to strengthen
• global governance
• managerial and technical capacities of members
• lead consensus-buildingMission
FAO Committee on Fisheries
a subsidiary body of the FAO Council
established in 1965
the only global inter-governmental forum
• Discuss major international fisheries and aquaculture problems
• Address recommendations
• Negotiate global agreements and non-binding instruments
FAO Committee on Fisheries
Two Subcommittees
• COFI Subcommittee on Fish Trade
• COFI Subcommittee on Aquaculture
COFI Subcommittee on Fish Trade
• forum for consultations
• technical and economic aspects of international trade
• pertinent aspects of production and consumption
FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible
Fisheries
Food Use
Non-Food Use
Comprehensive Instrument
• Sound, sustainable, precautionary and inclusive actions
• Co-shared responsibilities
• Holistic approach
Fundamental Axiological Values
• Fisheries management
• Post-harvest
• Trade-related aspects
• Associated Issues• Fish production
• Trade
Main Covered Areas
Fisheries in the UN
UN Framewor
k
Food Use
Non-Food Use
UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)
World Trade Organization (WTO)
World Customs Organization (WCO)
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of
Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)
CODEX
FAO Instruments
SDGs – A Societal
Value
Food Use
Non-Food Use
Not a country issue
Not a United Nations issue
It is OUR issue
Companies are already
marketing their products using
the SDGs
SDGs
Food Use
Non-Food Use
17 Goals
169 Targets
232 Indicators
The Pattern of Global Fish Production throughout the
Years
Global Fish
Production
Food Use
Non-Food Use0
50
100
150
200
250
Mill
ion t
onnes
Capture production Aquaculture production
Status of Fish
Stocks
Food Use
Non-Food Use
DO NOT group the categories “maximally sustainably fished” and “overfished”.
“Maximally sustainably fished” is generally the target of fishery management
“Overfished” is a situation to be avoided or overcome through fishery regulations
Status of Fish
Stocks
Food Use
Non-Food Use
What are the Top Producing Countries?
Top Producing Countries
Fish is really an Important International Commodity
Quiz Time
Importance of
International Trade for Fisheries
Food Use
Non-Food Use
World Seafood
Trade Map
Food Use
Non-Food Use
Top Export and Import Countries
FAO Fish Price Index
Food Use
Non-Food Use
Decrease 3%
Jan-Jul 2018/2019
Lower Prices for Some Species
Shrimps Tunas
Aquaculture and Capture Fisheries
Capture fisheries:
High Levels
Aquaculture: Decreased
to 2016 levels
Fish and Employment
Food Use
Non-Food Use
• Fisheries: 40.4 million
• Aquaculture: 19.3 million
Primary Sector
• 200 millionAlong the
Value Chain
• 13% Primary Sector
• 50% overallWomen
International Trade of Fish and Fish Products is Changing
Fish CommercializationImportant Changes
Specific Moments
New Benchmarks and
Parameters
Product Safety Requirements
Sustainability Certification
A New “Know your Product” Approach
• New Areas
• Social Responsibility
Fisheries – Today and Tomorrow
Challenges
Land Availability Technology
Capital Availability
Climate Change Governance
Food Safety
Traceability Fisheries Management
Fraud
Demand Incentives
• Population Flows
• Better Income Distribution
• New Technologies
Possible Problems
• Trade Barriers
• Trade Distortions
And the Future?
Quiz Time
Food Use
Non-Food Use
20308.6 billion
20509.8 billion
210011.2 billion
WorldPopulation
Increase
Food Use
Non-Food Use
20308.6 billion
20509.8 billion
210011.2 billion
Conversion Rates of Animal
Proteins
Food Use
Non-Food Use
• 196 million tonnes (2028)
• Importance of Aquaculture
• Aquaculture surpasses Capture Fisheries (2022)
• Aquaculture - 52% of share (2028)
Production
• Important in production and consumption
• Particularly in Asia
Developing Countries
• Highly tradeable commodity
• Same pattern of exporting countries
• More diversified importing countriesTrade
Trade Agreements and Fisheries
Proliferation of RTAs
• Challenging for developing countries
• Influencing multilateral negotiations
Importance of understanding new
clauses
Introduction - Fish and fishery products
• Binding environmental provisions
• Prohibition of certain forms of fisheries subsidies
Incorporation of non-
traditional disciplines
• Traditional trade aspects
• Stocks management
• Conservation measures
• Disciplines on fisheries subsidies
• Fight against illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing (IUU)
Most Favoured
Nation (MFN) extension
The Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement Trans-Pacific Partnership -
CPTPP11 Members
• 6 rank among the top 20 producers of marine capture fisheries
• 14 % of the world fisheries and aquaculture production
• Intra-CPTPP trade: USD 6.3 billion (2017)
Fish and fishery products
• First to establish binding and enforceable disciplines on fisheries subsidies
• New commitments to eliminate IUU fishing
• Re-build stocks
Elimination
• All tariff barriers
• Tariff escalations
Rules of Origin
• Whole obtained rule
• “Vessel rule”
MFN Tariffs on Selected CPTPP Members
The Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement Trans-Pacific Partnership -
CPTPP
Innovative ApproachArticle 20
• Environment clauses
• General commitment to work cooperatively
• Negative impacts on trade and sustainable development
• inadequate fisheries management
• IUU
• certain form of fisheries subsidies
• Need for individual and collective action.
• prevention of overfishing and overcapacity
• reduce bycatch of non-target species and juveniles
• promote the recovery of overfished stocks
Binding prohibition of subsidies
• stocks in overfished condition
• fishing vessel listed in IUU fishing
The United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA)
5 USD billion in fish and fishery products
Environment chapter
• comprehensive set of enforceable obligations
• disciplines on fisheries subsidies
Environmental clauses
• importance of conservation and management of fisheries resources
• restrictive measures based on the best scientific evidence available
• provisions to prevent overfishing, overcapacity, reduce bycatch and promote stocks recovery
The United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA)
Fisheries subsidies
• IUU fishing
• Vessels and operators
• Stocks in overfished condition
• Requirements
• Standstill
• Transparency
• notification
• Work in the WTO on fisheries subsidies
• strengthening international rules
• Transparency
Rules of Origin
• Whole obtained rule
• Change in tariff classification
The European Union-Canada Comprehensive Economic and Trade
Agreement - CETA30 Chapters
USD 600 million (fish and fishery products)
4.6 % of the world fisheries and aquaculture production
Elimination of all tariffs on fish and fishery products
Sustainable development
• eco-labeling
• fair-trade schemes
• corporate social responsibility
• the improvement of environmental performance goals and standards
The European Union-Canada Comprehensive Economic and Trade
Agreement - CETA
Rules of Origin
• Whole obtained rule
• Limited to “territorial sea”
• Complex “vessel rule”
Trade of fish and fishery products
• conservation and sustainable management
• effective monitoring, control and surveillance measures
• conservation of stocks and prevention of overfishing
• actions to combat IUU
• exchange of information
• exclude IUU products from trade flows
• Cooperation with RFMOs
• Fisheries subsidies
• Interest affect
• Consultation process
European Union tariffs on fish and fisheries products under MFN and
different preferential schemes
Transparency
Food Use
Non-Food Use
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Analysis
Policy
Training
Events and Conferences
Food Use
Non-Food Use
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The future with sustainable production and trade,
within the overall umbrella of social responsible production
Quiz Time
Marcio Castro de Souza
Senior Fishery Officer (International Trade)
Sustainable Fish TradeFor Today and Tomorrow
