July 17-20, 2012 THE SMITHSONIAN NATIONAL MUSEUM OF THE AMERICAN INDIAN, WASHINGTON, D.C. __________________________________________________________ Panel Information and Presenter Biographies Wednesday, July 18, 2012

West Coast Panel ________________________________________________ Pages 2-4 Habitat of Culture: Maintaining Identity in the Face of Climate Change 9:30 am - 12 noon Alaska Panel ____________________________________________________ Pages 5-6 The Lands and Waters Are Life: The Impact of Climate Change on Infrastructure, Food Security, and Community in Alaska 2:00 pm - 4:30 pm

Thursday, July 19, 2012

Pacific Islands Panel _____________________________________________ Pages 7-10 Little Changes Have Big Impacts on Little Islands: Relying on Tradition to Sustain Cultural Resources

9:30 am - 12 noon

Great Lakes, East Coast, and Gulf of Mexico Panel ____________________ Pages 11-13 Co-Management as an Adaptation to Climate 2:00 pm - 4:30 pm

Friday, July 20, 2012

Looking Forward Panel _________________________________________ Pages 14-16 The Hawk and the Whale: Lessons from the Past; a Vision for the Future 9:30 am - 11:30am Witnesses to the First Stewards ___________________________________ Pages 17-18 11:30 am - 12:30pm

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Wednesday, July 18, 2012 West Coast Panel Habitat of Culture: Maintaining Identity in the Face of Climate Change 9:30 am - 12 noon The indigenous peoples of the west coast have always relied on the sea for our livelihoods–harvested resources formed the basis of our economies and provided sustenance; the water was the highway and canoes the primary mode of transportation. The people have always lived here. It is integral to who we are. Whether codified in treaties with the United States or through sovereign rights never relinquished, we have maintained that connection; however, the sea is changing along with the climate. The coast is eroding, the seawater is acidifying, and the rivers we rely on are threatened from loss of glaciers at headwaters and erratic rainfall patterns. We are the first responders for the negative effects of climate change, but we are also the leaders in finding a way forward. The tribal commitment to finding solutions is, like our identities, inter-generational. Our path is not dictated by the politics of the day or subject to any one law; it is an encompassing commitment to adapt and maintain our identity in the face of climate change. This same logic of truth can lead the nation toward a sustainable future that slows our impacts on the climate and leaves us resilient to the climate’s impacts on us. We have changed before and will change again to stay true to who we are - people of the Pacific Coast. Moderator Dr. Jan Newton, Senior Principal Oceanographer, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington Speakers: Chris Morganroth III, Elder, Quileute Nation Dave Hudson, Vice Chair, Hoh Tribe Ed Johnstone, Fishery Policy Spokesman, Quinault Indian Nation Tom Younker, Former Vice-Chair, Coquille Tribe Dr. Simone Alin, Oceanographer, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, NOAA Background information:

Dr. Jan Newton is a Principal Oceanographer with the Applied Physics Laboratory of the University of Washington and affiliate faculty with the UW School of Oceanography and School of Marine Affairs. A biological oceanographer, her research has focused on a systems view of marine ecosystems, spanning estuaries, such as Puget Sound, the outer PNW coast, and the open Pacific Ocean, assessing factors such as human and climate forcing on the characteristics and productivity of these systems. Jan is the Executive Director for the Northwest Association of Networked Ocean Observing Systems (NANOOS), the Pacific Northwest regional association for the US component of the Integrated and Sustained Ocean Observing System (IOOS), working towards building better ocean observing infrastructure. She has been working with the Northwest Indian College to

involve their students on ocean research.

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Chris Morganroth III is an elder of the Quileute Indian Tribe, La Push, Washington. He was born in Forks, Wash. on February 24, 1939. Chris was raised up to the age of 11 by his grandmother who spoke only the Quileute language. She imparted to him many legends and stories as well as her extensive knowledge of the culture; including native foods and materials, medicines, history and values. In addition to being a Quileute story teller and keeper of Quileute history and culture, Chris is a master carver, specializing in canoes, both full sized and model as well as paddles, rattles, and masks. Chris served as Director of Quileute Department of Fisheries from 1974 to 1981. He also served several terms on the Quileute Tribal Council. For 14 years he taught the Quileute language, carving and science at the Quileute Tribal School. Presently, Chris serves on the Quileute Natural Resource Committee where he is actively engaged in development of Quileute Natural Resource Policies. Chris enjoys sharing his knowledge of Quileute language, legends, history and

culture whenever the opportunity arises.

Howeeshata, David Hudson, was born June 17, 1954 in Forks, Wash. He has lived on the Hoh River or nearby LaPush his whole life. He is a Hoh tribal member and also the hereditary chief of the Quileute Tribe. His mother and father and extended family taught him to hunt, fish and gather as they always had. Their family canoe was one of the first to be used in the resurrection of the canoe culture in 1976. Since then, David has participated in many canoe journeys and mentored young people in the ways of the journey and the songs, including skippering a canoe during last year’s Paddle to Swinomish. David has been a member of the Hoh tribal council and has served for many years as the fisheries and natural resources policy representative for his tribe. He is also a commissioner for the Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission, a support service organization that provides direct services to 20 treaty tribes to assist them in their natural resource management efforts.

Tom Younker, Coquille Indian Tribe, North Bend, OR. I grew up on the mud flats of the South Slough where my Native American ancestors once lived 5,000 years ago on Oregon’s south coast. I attended Linfield College, and upon graduation, signed a contract to play professional baseball for the Dodgers. During my four years in college, I earned NAIA All American honors in football and baseball and was named Linfield’s scholar-athlete. I also earned my masters degree in education there. After a short stint in baseball, I taught school and coached for forty-plus years. I was recognized twice in Who’s Who Among America’s Teachers, received honors as an All-state high school coach in two sports, and have been inducted into three Halls of Fame: high school, college, and NAIA, District 2. I served twenty years on tribal council as secretary-treasurer, vice-chairman and on many committees: Bio-mass energy, Head Start,

Realty, Housing, Pension Planning, Taxes. I have served on several state and local boards and committees: Oregon Coast Zone Management Association, Southern Oregon Ocean Resource Committee, Territorial Sea Plan Action Committee, Bureau of Ocean Energy and Mineral Resources, Oregon Youth Authority, Coos County Historical Society, the Charleston Community Enhancement Corporation. Forty-five years ago, I started a family. I moved back to South Slough, now a national estuarine research reserve. Our two boys, one an assistant professor of anthropology, the other an art program manager, work with Native American students. Our daughter and her husband are rearing their children in our ancestral homeland. We stand proud of our Native American roots.

Edward Johnstone, Quinault Indian Nation, Taholah, WA. Ed Johnstone is a Quinault Tribal member born in Aberdeen Washington and raised on the Quinault Indian

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reservation. He has worked in the timber and fishing industries of the Quinault Indian Nation most of his life. A two-term Councilman from 1996-2002, Ed currently represents the Quinault Tribal Council in fisheries, fisheries habitat and marine governance matters as the Quinault Fisheries Policy Spokesperson. Since 2009 he has served as Treasurer of the Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission and is also the current Chair of the Intergovernmental Policy Council a forum of tribal and state co-managers of the ocean area that includes the Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary.

Dr. Simone Alin. Simone Alin is an oceanographer and marine chemist at NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory in Seattle. Her research focuses on coastal carbon cycle processes and ocean acidification, with emphasis on the West Coast and Puget Sound ecosystems. Simone received her B.S. from Stanford University in 1993 in Biological Sciences and a Ph.D. from University of Arizona in 2001 in Geosciences. She held a fellowship from the NOAA Climate and Global Change Postdoctoral Fellowship program to study large lake carbon cycling at the University of Minnesota Duluth's Large Lakes Observatory from 2001–2003. Following this, she studied the carbon cycles of large tropical river systems (Amazon, Mekong) at the

University of Washington before commencing her current position at NOAA in 2007. At NOAA, Simone leads the coastal carbon research program of the Marine Carbon Program and is actively involved in national and international efforts to synthesize marine carbon cycle data.

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Wednesday, July 18, 2012 Alaska Panel The Lands and Waters Are Life: The Impact of Climate Change on Infrastructure, Food Security, and Community in Alaska 2:00 pm - 4:30 pm As Alaska’s Native peoples, we have relied the lands and waters for our nutrition and traditional subsistence uses since time immemorial. Yet climate change is wreaking havoc in Alaska – we are experiencing melting sea ice, rising oceans, rising river temperatures, thawing permafrost, severe erosion, and dying forests. Our animals are at risk and as a consequence, so are our communities. Yet we are strong people and are taking creative steps to find a path forward. For the future of our children, we look to our elders for their wisdom and guidance. Opening Remarks: The Honorable Mark Begich, US Senator, Alaska Moderator: Mike Williams, Member, National Tribal Environmental Council Executive Community; Akiak, Alaska Speakers: Erin Dougherty, Staff Attorney, Native American Rights Fund Stanley Tom, Newtok, Alaska Stanley Tocktoo, Shishmaref, Alaska Pat Pletnikoff, St. George, Alaska Caroline Cannon, Point Hope, Alaska Background information:

Erin Dougherty, Staff Attorney, Native American Rights Fund. Erin Dougherty is a Staff Attorney at the Native American Rights Fund in Anchorage, Alaska. At NARF, Erin works on a variety of Indian law and tribal jurisdiction issues, including a project to assist Alaska Natives in their efforts to relocate coastal villages threatened by erosion and other problems associated with climate change. Erin joined the Native American Rights Fund in 2009 as a Skadden Fellow. Erin is originally from Newport, Oregon. She received her B.A. from Willamette

University and her J.D. from the University of Michigan Law School. Prior to law school Erin was a Fulbright Scholar based at the University of Tromsø in Tromsø (Romsa), Norway where she conducted masters-level research on Sámi political mobilization and indigenous self-governance. Erin previously worked for the Brennan Center for Justice in New York and civil legal services programs in Alaska and Vermont. After graduating from law school she was a law clerk for the Honorable Dana Fabe, Chief Justice of the Alaska Supreme Court.

Mike Williams, Akiak Community, Member, National Tribal Environmental Council Executive Committee. Michael Williams is a Yupiaq from the small village of Akiak on the lower Kuskokwim River in Western Alaska. He grew up in a traditional subsistence household and was taught by his father, mother, grandmother, and grandfather. Mike graduated from the Chemawa Indian School in Salem, Oregon and served in South Korea as a member of the U.S. Army. He then studied at the University of Alaska, Kuskokwim Campus while working full time as a Mental Health Counselor. He and his wife, Maggie, later moved to Akiak and raised five children. Mike is currently the Chief of the Yupiit Nation; Secretary/Treasurer of the Akiak Native Community; a Board Member of the Institute for Tribal Governments at Portland State University; a Board Member of National Tribal Environmental Council; Vice Chairman

of the Yupiit School District; and a Board Member of the Rural Community Action Program. In addition, he is a

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former Board Member of the Native American Rights Fund, a former NCAI Regional Vice President, former Chairman of the Association of Village Council Presidents, and the former Vice President of Yukon-Kuskokwim Health Corporation. In addition to his commitment to community and tribal sovereignty, Mike has testified in front of Congress on climate change. He currently works as a Wellness Counselor for his village and he is also an avid Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race competitor.

Stanley Tocktoo, Shishmaref, Alaska. Stanley Tocktoo is from Shishmaref, an Inupiaq village of 560 residents located on Sarichef Island in the Chukchi Sea and within the Bering Land Bridge National Preserve. Climate change is having a direct and profound effect on Shishmaref. The reduction in sea ice has left Shishmaref’s coastline vulnerable to fall and winter storm surges while melting permafrost has resulted in severe erosion. The community must relocate and is taking steps to do so. Stanley was born in Shishmaref and as President of the Native Village of Shishmaref IRA Council he has been involved in the community’s relocation efforts. He has previously served as Shishmaref’s Mayor and Vice-Mayor. He has also been a

volunteer for the Shishmaref Search and Rescue since 1981. Stanley has two children and lives a traditional subsistence lifestyle.

Caroline Cannon, Point Hope, Alaska. Born and raised in the harsh Arctic environment in Point Hope, Caroline Cannon grew up in a tight-knit Inupiat community who do everything together to provide for their families. The village elders teach everyone in the community to care for each other and respect the land and sea that feed and clothe them. Nurtured by these values, Caroline has been an active leader in Point Hope for over 30 years, having served as president of the native village and on the board of Maniilaq Association. She has been a leader for her community on a number of environmental issues and she is driven by a hope that the

next generation of Inupiat people, including her 26 grandchildren, will have the opportunity to carry on the way of life that she and her ancestors have known.

Pat Pletnikoff, St. George, Alaska Pat Pletnikoff is the Mayor of St. George, a small community on St. George Island in the Pribilofs, a small island group in the Bering Sea. Pat was born and raised on St. George Island and also serves as President of the St. George Fishermen’s Association. In addition, he is a board member for the Aleutian Pribilof Island Community Development Association. Pat previously served as the Executive Director for the Aleutian Pribilof Islands Association, President and Chairman of the Board for Tanaq Corporation, and as a board member of the Aleutian Housing Authority. Pat studied Political Science at the University of Washington and the University of Colorado. He is the father of two sons and is an avid fisherman, reader, and outdoorsman.

Stanley Tom, Tribal Administrator, Newtok, Alaska. Stanley Tom is from the village of Newtok, a Yup’ik village of 350 residents in Southwest Alaska. The impact of climate change on Newtok has been devastating. Melting permafrost and large scale erosion have greatly compromised village infrastructure, safety, and public health. As a consequence, the community has decided to relocate and is currently working on infrastructure at Mertarvik, the new village site. Stanley serves as the Tribal Administrator of the Newtok Traditional Council and has spearheaded Newtok’s relocation. In 2010, this innovative work was recognized with a high

honors award by Honoring Nations, administered by the Harvard Project on American Indian Economic at Harvard University’s Kennedy School of Government. Stanley and his wife are the proud parents of five boys and four girls and in his addition to his work on behalf of his community, he owns and operates Tom’s Store.

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Thursday, July 19, 2012 Pacific Islands Panel Little Changes Have Big Impacts on Little Islands: Relying on Tradition to Sustain Resources 9:30 am - 12 noon The US Pacific islands comprise approximately 1.5 million square miles and accounts for half of the nation’s exclusive economic zone (EEZ). Within this area, seafaring cultures have survived for millennia on small, isolated islands. Through observation and adaptation, the Refaluwasch, Chamorro, Samoan and Hawaiian have maintained subsistence lifestyles and survived super typhoons and droughts. Today, the accumulated impacts of Western colonization exacerbated by the impacts of climate change are threatening coral habitat, drinking water, coastlines, fish stocks, other natural resources and the native cultures that rely upon them. Traditional observations, resource inventories and adaptation practices can enhance Western scientific knowledge of climate change and help societies to adapt to its impacts. Such a partnership is being explored in areas such as Samoa, Cook Islands and Aotearoa/New Zealand. Welcoming Remarks: The Honorable Daniel K. Akaka, US Senator, Hawaii Moderator: The Honorable Brickwood Galuteria, Senator, Hawaii Senate Speakers: The Honorable Ben Fitial, Refaluwasch, Governor, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands Joseph Artero-Cameron, Chamorro, President, Department of Chamorro Affairs, Guam Ufagafa Ray Tulafono, Director, American Samoa Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources Paulokaleioku Timothy Bailey, Manager, Haleakala National Park, Hawaii Pualele Penehuro “Pene” Lefale, Manager, International Affairs Office, Meteorological Service of New Zealand Background information:

Daniel K. Akaka is America’s first United States Senator of Native Hawaiian ancestry and the only Chinese American member of the US Senate. During WWII, he served in the US Army Corps of Engineers from 1943 to 1945 and then in active duty from 1945 to 1947. Following the war, he made a career in education as a teacher and principal in the State of Hawaii Department of Education. He was first elected to the US House of Representatives in 1976. He was appointed to the Senate when Senator Spark Matsunaga passed away, subsequently winning election to the office in 1990 and re-election in 1994, 2000 and 2006. Senator Akaka is the chairman of the Indian Affairs Committee and the Homeland Security and Government Affairs Subcommittee on Oversight of Government Management, the

Federal Workforce and the District of Columbia. He also serves as a member of the historic Kawaiahao Church, where he directed the choir for 17 years.

Brickwood Galuteria is a Hawaii State Senator. Elected to office in 2008, he was assigned to the Committees on Ways & Means, Education & Housing, Public Safety and Military Affairs, and Tourism (vice chair). He previously served as chairman of the Democratic Party of Hawaii (2004–2006). He is of Hawaiian, Filipino, and Portuguese descent. After initial work with Hawaiian Airlines, he pursued interests in music and entertainment, winning the Na Hoku Hanohano Award in 1985 for Male Vocalist of the Year and Most Promising Artist. In 1980, he began radio broadcasting and currently co-hosts the Na `Oiwi `Olino “People Seeking Wisdom” morning show. He has worked in television, film and video; served as a spokesman for the State of Hawaii and various businesses; done the

voice-overs for numerous TV, radio and political campaigns; and produced/ promoted concerts, pageants and other events.

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Ben Fitial, Governor, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. Ben Fitial is the first Refaluwaasch Governor of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) and is a cousin of the late Master Navigator Mau Pialug. His ancestors came from the island of Satawal in Yap. He is one of the few Micronesian leaders alive today from the Trust Territory era. He is a champion of indigenous rights and a signatory to the Micronesian Challenge, which protects and preserves the limited treasures of Micronesia for future generations. He holds a degree in business administration from the University of Guam. He began work in government as a news director, budget analyst of the Trust

Territory Government, and budget officer, chief administrative officer, Minority Leader, Vice Speaker and Speaker of the CNMI House of Representatives. He has served as president of banking, insurance, travel, transportation, home improvement and other businesses, as well as chairman, founder, delegate and member of numerous political and civic organizations. Governor Fitial is a third generation Refaluwasch, which is one of the two indigenous cultures officially recognized by the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI), the other being Chamorro. His ancestors settled on the island of Saipan in the CNMI as desperate islanders forced to leave their homeland of Satawal, an island in Yap in present-day Federated States of Micronesia, after a typhoon had nearly destroyed it. Governor Fitial is, himself, living proof of the Refaluwasch’s resiliency to natural climate-related disasters, especially typhoons and droughts. However, the community’s ability to continue adapting has become critically challenged as extreme weather conditions are more frequent and destructive. The people must also deal with other man-made, climate change impacts never before experienced in the CNMI and for which they are not prepared. For example, slight variation in the normal temperature range of the ocean alters the salinity and turbidity of waters surrounding the islands and will cause corals to disappear. Lost corals lead to lost fish and to lost culture and traditional food. As one of the elected leaders in the Pacific islands, Governor Fitial keeps himself informed about the changing world environment and crafts policies to begin to address climate change.

Joseph Artero-Cameron, President, Department of Chamorro Affairs, Guam. Joseph Artero-Cameron is a native of Guam and has over 19 years of service to the Government of Guam. He currently serves as the president of the Guam Department of Chamorro Affairs (Dipattamenton I Kaohao Guinåhan Chamorro), a public non-profit corporation of the Guam government dealing with the Chamorro people and culture, the Guam Public Library System, the Council on the Arts and Humanities, the Guam Museum, the Hagåtña Restoration and Redevelopment Authority, and PBS Guam. He has published numerous professional works in psychotherapy, education and theology. He serves on the Western Pacific Fisheries Commission, the US Permanent Advisory Committee, the Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System Governing Council, the US Coral Reef Task Force and its All Islands Committee, and the Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council.

Artero-Cameron is Guam’s point of contact for Coral Reef Conservation Programs/Fisheries and Oceans and is proficient in speaking, reading and writing Chamorro, the native language of Guam.

During ancient times, Chamorro people were renowned throughout the Western Pacific for their ability to fish the open ocean as well as inside the reef. They depended on their natural resources for sustenance and to maintain their cultural identity and traditions. Yet, like many other cultures throughout the Pacific, they now face the danger of climate change impacts that may lead to the loss of local seafood and traditional practices. For the first time in 4,000 years, habitat destruction has compromised the ability of the Chamorro people to rely on their cultural resources and practices for sustenance. A major issue is erosion and sedimentation. Guam is an island of torrential rains, receiving an average of over 100 inches of rainfall per year with recorded rates of up to 7 inches in four hours during tropical storms and 7 inches per hour during typhoons. Historical records suggest that during WWII, 95% of Guam was denuded of all endemic vegetation, which has since been replaced with introduced species that do not provide protection from rainy seasons. Muddy water coursing through southern watersheds and over impervious surfaces tax the drinking and waste-water systems and flood roads on their way to the coastlines, negatively impacting coral reef ecosystems. By virtue of its strategic geographic location, Guam plays a key role in protecting US interests within the Western Pacific Region. It is time for the traditions and values that have enabled the Chamorro people to coexist in harmony with nature to play a more active role in local and national management of natural resources.

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Ufagafa Ray Tulafono, Director, American Samoa Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources. Mr. Tulafono has been director of DMWR off and on since 1985. He holds college degrees in both chemistry and biology. The traditional village-based system in America Samoa helps the local government formulate policies and address climate change issues. Land use permits for building homes and other structures are facilitated by village chiefs, especially regarding communal lands. Village residents plant trees along the coastlines and build seawalls using sawed sections of coconut tree trunks to help fight erosion. Village residents oversee traditional practices that sustain fishing near wetlands and near-shore areas. Village-managed protected areas under

the guidance of matais have been introduced to address the decline in subsistence catches that have been documented in some areas. Climate change may have contributed to the absence of some seasonal fish species like akule in some villages, but traditional practices of requiring ula mosooi, and banning village residents from selling the lau catch, may bring back these species. Not all climate change effects are negative. The old farmers believe that climate change may have resulted in an abundance of bananas and breadfruits, which have provided more stable food by maturing several times a year instead of their normal one to two seasons per year. Some villages have decided to move inland after the devastation by the 2009 tsunami. Traditional village knowledge and practices of sharing resources and planting certain crops during certain seasons and at certain areas may ease the relocation.

Paulokaleioku Timothy Bailey, Manager, Haleakala National Park, Hawaii. Mr. Bailey is recognized as a premier authority of the relationship between native Hawaiian natural resources and culture. He has given numerous presentations on this topic at Kamehameha Schools, University of Hawaii, Hawaii high schools, National Park Services and the Hoohanohano I Na Kupuna puwalu series. He has worked since 1992 as a biological science technician for the Haleakala National Park on Maui and now serves as the manager for the Park’s aviation, fire, feral animal removal and management program. He is an expert in living, working and adapting to remote conditions and in tracking and capturing animals and is a certified primary bird surveyor in Hawaiian forests.

Climate change has been noted through Native Hawaiian generational knowledge, and ancient Hawaiian chants talk about how the people recognized and adapted to it. With only two definite seasons in Hawaii—kau (dry) and ho`oilo (wet)—the Hawaiians needed to observe the natural resources to adapt and survive. Climate effects on these resources were observed and then acted upon. Inventory of all available resources is also critical when confined to an island. One chant, the Kumulipo, provides information as a reference. This knowledge has been passed through generations and is the basis for Native Hawaiians’ ability to adapt. Adaptability allows nature to take course and allows Hawaiians to identify the positives and the negatives of natural processes. A changing climate, introduction of invasive species, and modern development must be viewed together to understand the true effects of climate change. The natural resources are the only reliable tool in recognizing climate change. If natural elements continue to be damaged and ignored, then Native Hawaiians lose their ability to recognize, adapt and be identified as Native Hawaiians.

Pualele Penehuro “Pene” Lefale, Manager, International Affairs Office, Meteorological Service of New Zealand. Mr. Lefale is the manager of the International Affairs Office with the Meteorological Service of New Zealand Ltd. (MetService). He is also the alternate permanent representative of New Zealand with the World Meteorological Organization. Prior to taking up this new role, he was a climate researcher with the New Zealand National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd. Pene was the first and only Samoan to be awared the Nobel Peace Prize for his work on the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 2007. He was one of the lead authors of the IPCC’s Working Group II Chapter 16: Small Islands.

One of his research papers, “Ua afa le aso—Stormy weather today: Traditional ecological knowledge of weather and climate. The Samoa experience,” was the first to explore indigenous knowledge of weather and climate forecasting in a Pacific Island (available online at www.springerlink.com/content/w4170n44610n2431/?MUD=MP).

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The Pacific Islands Regional Climate Assessment (PIRCA), a US government initiative led by NOAA, is a collaborative effort to assess the climate change scientific knowledge, impacts and adaptive capacity in Hawaii, the US territories and the US-affiliated Pacific Islands. The main features influencing the climate in this region are the West Pacific monsoon, the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ), the South Pacific convergence zone (SPCZ) and subtropical high pressure systems and associated trade winds and cold fronts. Physical and biological indicators of local and regional climate change include CO2 concentrations, ocean chemistry, temperature, rainfall, stream base flow, sea level, winds, waves, extreme weather and climate, habitat and species distribution. Exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity to climate change are different for high volcanic islands versus low atoll islands and for built versus natural environments. In the Pacific Islands, there is a fundamental link between culture, the environment and the economy. Building partnerships is fundamental for sustaining regional climate assessment process and addressing the impacts of climate change across isolated and diverse islands. Enhancing Western science with traditional knowledge is a partnership that is being explored in areas such as Samoa, Cook Islands and Aotearoa/New Zealand.

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Thursday, July 19, 2012 Great Lakes, East Coast, Gulf of Mexico Region Panel Co-Management as an Adaptation to Climate 2:00 pm - 4:30 pm Indigenous peoples are spiritually and culturally invested in specific areas and their values, meanings, and identities are interlinked with the natural landscape and physical interactions. Ecosystem responses to climate change alter our livelihoods and traditions and require unique adaptation and mitigation strategies to ensure the viability of cultural practices. Important to the assessment of environmental change and related impacts to indigenous people is the interlinked social and biophysical relationship people form that is often referred to as traditional ecological knowledge. The connecting thread includes collaborating knowledge and joining together; which ultimately leads to more effective and sustainable action in consultation, planning and responding to climate change. Moderator and Speaker: Ciro Lo Pinto, District Conservationist, Natural Resources Conservation Service, US Department of Agriculture Speakers: John Daigle, Penobscot Nation, Associate Professor, The University of Maine Natalie Michelle, Penobscot Nation, Graduate Student, The University of Maine Jeff Mears, Environmental Area Manager, Oneida Tribe of Indians of Wisconsin Seth Moore, Director of Biology and Environment, Grand Portage Band of Chippewa Background information:

Ciro Lo Pinto, District Conservationist, Natural Resources Conservation Service, US Department of Agriculture Presentation: Tribal consultation and adoption of Indigenous Stewardship Methods and NRCS Conservation Practices Ciro Lo Pinto is presently serving in his 28th year as a Soil Conservationist with the USDA - Natural Resources Conservation Service. The Mission of the NRCS is “Helping People Help the Land”. Ciro has served NRCS in three States, including New Jersey, New York and Pennsylvania. Ciro is presently serving in Tioga County, Pennsylvania as the District Conservationist. While in New

York; Ciro served as the NRCS Tribal Liaison, which included serving the Six Nations of the Haudenosaunee. Ciro is of Hopi descent on his mom’s side of his family. Mr. Lo Pinto served as the 2011 President of the American Indian/Alaska Native Employees Association for NRCS. The purpose of the American Indian/Alaska Native Association for the NRCS is to strengthen the NRCS mission by providing educational opportunities that foster the recruitment, retention, professional development, and career advancement of American Indians and Alaska Natives within NRCS and other federal agencies. Furthermore, the Association provides various training opportunities to improve NRCS services and outreach to American Indians and Alaska Natives and to advocate for service to reservations and Indian Lands, and for the meeting of trust responsibilities. It is through Ciro’s cooperation and especially due to the diligent work of others in the AIANEA that the “Indigenous Stewardship Methods and NRCS Conservation Practices Guidebook” became accepted by his agency. The guidebook is probably a first of its kind in any Federal agency.

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John Daigle, Penobscot Nation, Associate Professor, University of Maine Presentation: Climate Change and Indigenous Peoples of Maine Dr. John J. Daigle is a tribal member of the Penobscot Indian Nation and lives in Old Town, Maine. Dr. Daigle is an Associate Professor in the School of Forest Resources at the University of Maine, Orono. He received his Ph.D. in Forestry from the University of Massachusetts with an emphasis on application of social science concepts and methods to outdoor recreation and natural resource planning and

management. In 2008, he became part of an interdisciplinary team of faculty at the University of Maine to identify the potential climate scenarios, and their probabilities, for Maine for the remainder of the 21st century. He led a team that specifically explored the meaning of a changed environment as it relates to the Indigenous peoples of Maine. A report culminating this work was submitted to the Governor and State Legislature and was adopted in 2009 acknowledging that “Indigenous human culture in Maine must be considered to be one of our most precious natural resources. It should be protected, fostered, and supported in a manner commensurate with its high value.” Dr. Daigle is continuing his research in collaboration with indigenous communities with a focus on natural resources management. Natalie Michelle, Penobscot Nation, Graduate Student, University of Maine Presentation: The Passamaquoddy Native Fisheries Presentation Summary: This session will review of the historical aspects of the fisheries, accessibility issues, including Federal, State and Local impacts. Natalie Michelle is a member of the Penobscot Nation. Her ancestors have traveled the bioregions of Maine and the coastal regions of New England for centuries. Her grandfather, Theodore Bear Mitchell was the last canoeist to use the stars to navigate the coastal regions of Maine. Natalie is a graduate student in Public Administration with a concentration in Environmental Policy and Management at the University of Maine in Orono. She received an EPSCOR – SSI Fellowship in 2010 and has worked with the Wabanaki Center under the Native Scholar Educational Outreach Project to implement educational opportunities for the native students, environmental sustainability practices in native communities and bringing Native Women’s voice to the forefront of environmental issues. Her research “Uses of Plant Food-Medicines in the Wabanaki Bioregions of the Northeast: A Cultural Assessment of Berry Harvesting Practices and Customs,” will be completed this August, 2012. She has received recognition for outstanding academic achievement and inducted into “Pi Alpha Alpha” National Honor Society for Public Affairs and Administration. Her interests are co-management of Native American territories and government-to-government relations in Environmental Policy and Climate Change issues. Jeff Mears, Environmental Area Manager, Oneida Tribe of Indians of Wisconsin Presentation: A Climate Change Focused Organization. Presentation Summary: A proposed model for adapting to climate change using existing staff based on projected impacts to different service areas. Key to the message is a snapshot of the Oneida Tribe today and the unique challenges faced by a Tribal government compared to local, state, or federal governments.

Jeff Mears is a member of the Oneida Tribe of Indians and has worked in the Environmental Health & Safety Division for 18 years. He is the Environmental Area Manager and is currently the co-chair of the EPA Tribal Science Council. Jeff oversees a diverse area or programs that include water resources, brownfields, environmental health, injury prevention, and indoor air quality, solid waste and recycling, and occupational safety. He has a master’s degree in public administration from UW – Oshkosh, a bachelor’s degree in biology and chemistry from Northern Illinois University and is the co-chair of the EPA – Tribal Science Council.

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Seth Moore, Director of Biology and Environment, Grand Portage Band of Chippewa Presentation: Grand Portage Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Climate Change Adaptation Plan, Impacts leading to Adaptation Presentation Summary: This talk will provide a brief synopsis of climate impacts to the Grand Portage Band of Lake Superior Chippewa and the process by which Grand Portage has begun to develop a climate change adaptation plan. The talk

will discuss the planning process, some hurdles and impediments, and some breakthroughs in adaptation planning. Dr. Seth Moore has worked for the Grand Portage Band since 2005, he presently manages the Grand Portage Department of Biology and Environment. He has a PhD in Water Resources Science from the University of Minnesota, a master’s degree in Environmental Biology also from University of Minnesota, and a bachelor’s degree in Biology and Environmental Studies from Northland College in Ashland, WI. Seth focuses his research efforts on subsistence species of the Grand Portage Band of Chippewa. His current projects include coaster brook trout restoration and identifying habitats used by moose under a warming climate.

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Friday, July 20, 2012 Looking Forward Panel The Hawk and the Whale: Lessons from the Past; a Vision for the Future 9:30 am - 11:30am The Looking Forward Panel is a roundtable discussion about Native American, Alaska Native and Pacific Island indigenous knowledge, practices, and perspectives and how we can work together to help coastal and other communities–and our country–better understand and adapt to the effects of climate change now and in the future. The Panel will help identify potential themes for future First Stewards symposia. The Panel participants also will share their own knowledge, perspectives, and wisdom to inform and guide First Stewards’ efforts to provide a voice for indigenous cultures and values in U.S. climate science, education, policymaking and governance. Introductions: Daniel J. Basta, Director, NOAA Office of National Marine Sanctuaries Moderator: Daniel Wildcat, Professor, Haskell Indian Nations University Speakers: John Daigle, Penobscot Nation, Associate Professor, University of Maine Terry Williams, Executive Director of Natural Resources, The Tulalip Tribes Mike Williams, Akiak Native Community, Member, National Tribal Environmental Council Executive Committee Pualele Lepou Penehuro “Pene” Lefale, Manager of International Cooperation and Development, Meteorological

Service of New Zealand Ann-Marie Chischilly, Diné, Executive Director, Institute for Tribal Environmental Professionals, Northern Arizona

University Gina Cosentino, Global Strategy Director, Indigenous and Communal Conservation Program, The Nature

Conservancy Douglas Herman, Senior Geographer, Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian Background information: Ann Marie Chischilly, Esq., Executive Director, Institute for Tribal Environmental Professionals, Northern Arizona University

Ms. Chischilly is responsible for coordinating the Institute for Tribal Environmental Professional’s (ITEP) work with Northern Arizona University (NAU), state and federal agencies, tribes and Alaska Native villages. Before coming to ITEP, she served for over ten years as Senior Assistant General Counsel to the Gila River Indian Community, where she assisted the tribe in implementing the historic Arizona Water Settlement Act and founded the Gila River Indian Community Renewable Energy Team. At ITEP, Ms. Chischilly oversees four environmental programs (climate change, air, waste and educational outreach) and has established the "Tribal Clean Energy Resource Center" to assist tribes in transitioning from fossil fuel based energy to sustainable energy solutions. ITEP will be celebrating 20 years in the fall and has served over 504 tribes. Ms. Chischilly currently serves on the Arizona Attorney magazine Editorial Board, Indian Law Section Executive Board of the Arizona State Bar, Arizona Energy Consortium Co-Chair of Outreach, Native American Connections Vice-Chair and Native American Community Service Center Capital Campaign Board. She served on the National Tribal Water Council and is a graduate of the Arizona Bar Leadership Institute. Ms. Chischilly is a member of the Navajo Nation (Diné). She earned her Juris Doctorate (J.D.) degree from Saint Mary's University School of Law, and a Masters in Environmental Law (LL.M) from Vermont Law School. She is licensed in Arizona and has practiced in state, district, and federal courts. Gina Cosentino, Global Priority Director, Indigenous and Communal Conservation, The Nature Conservancy

Gina Cosentino is responsible for integrating a human rights-based approach to conservation to achieve sustainable livelihoods and benefits to Indigenous and tribal peoples and other communal populations. She has twenty years of experience working on Indigenous politics and policy issues and working directly with Indigenous peoples at the

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local, regional, national and international levels. Originally from Canada, Gina was the former senior advisor of government relations and international affairs to the National Chief of the Assembly of First Nations, which is the national representative organization for First Nations in Canada. She was also the Director of Intergovernmental Affairs for the Metis National Council, the national organization representing the Metis in Canada. In addition to working closely with numerous First Nation communities in Canada, she also has extensive experience with international human rights, Indigenous and environmental decision-making processes as well as related areas in global health, humanitarian aid and international development. She was the President of Strategix Public Affairs Network, a public affairs and lobbying consulting company specializing in non-profit and Indigenous advocacy. She received her Master of Arts degree from the University of Toronto and her Honors Bachelor's degree from York University and is a doctoral candidate at the University of Toronto in the department of political science.

John Daigle, Penobscot Nation, Associate Professor, University of Maine Presentation: Climate Change and Indigenous Peoples of Maine Dr. John J. Daigle is a tribal member of the Penobscot Indian Nation and lives in Old Town, Maine. Dr. Daigle is an Associate Professor in the School of Forest Resources at the University of Maine, Orono. He received his Ph.D. in Forestry from the University of Massachusetts with an emphasis on application of social science concepts and methods to outdoor recreation and natural resource planning and

management. In 2008, he became part of an interdisciplinary team of faculty at the University of Maine to identify the potential climate scenarios, and their probabilities, for Maine for the remainder of the 21st century. He led a team that specifically explored the meaning of a changed environment as it relates to the Indigenous peoples of Maine. A report culminating this work was submitted to the Governor and State Legislature and was adopted in 2009 acknowledging that “Indigenous human culture in Maine must be considered to be one of our most precious natural resources. It should be protected, fostered, and supported in a manner commensurate with its high value.” Dr. Daigle is continuing his research in collaboration with indigenous communities with a focus on natural resources management. Doug Herman, Senior Geographer Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian

Douglas Herman is senior geographer for the Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian and adjunct associate professor at Towson University, Maryland. An early architect of NMAI’s Indigenous geography project, he went on to create Pacific Worlds, a web-based indigenous-geography education project for Hawai'i and the American Pacific. Both projects focus on indigenous cultural knowledge and environmental understandings. He has published several articles and given numerous scholarly presentations regarding the representation of Indigenous cultures and the importance of Indigenous knowledge. He earned his doctorate in geography from the University of Hawai'i in 1995.

Pualele Penehuro “Pene” Lefale, Manager, International Affairs Office, Meteorological Service of New Zealand Mr. Lefale is the manager of the International Affairs Office with the Meteorological Service of New Zealand Ltd. (MetService). He is also the alternate permanent representative of New Zealand with the World Meteorological Organization. Prior to taking up this new role, he was a climate researcher with the New Zealand National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd. Pene was the first and only Samoan to be awared the Nobel Peace Prize for his work on the United Nations Intergovernmental

Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 2007. He was one of the lead authors of the IPCC’s Working Group II Chapter 16: Small Islands. One of his research papers, “Ua afa le aso—Stormy weather today: Traditional ecological knowledge of weather and climate. The Samoa experience,” was the first to explore indigenous knowledge of weather and climate forecasting in a Pacific Island (available online at www.springerlink.com/content/w4170n44610n2431/?MUD=MP).

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Daniel Wildcat (Yuchi and Muscogee), Professor Haskell Indian Nations University Daniel Wildcat is a professor at Haskell Indian Nations University in Lawrence, Kansas, and an accomplished Native American scholar who writes on indigenous knowledge, technology, environment, and education. He is of the Yuchi and Muscogee tribes. He is also co-director of the Haskell Environmental Research Studies Center, which he founded with colleagues from the Center for Hazardous Substance Research at Kansas State University. A Yuchi member of the Muscogee Nation of Oklahoma, Dr. Wildcat is the coauthor, with Vine Deloria, Jr., of Power and Place: Indian Education in America (Fulcrum, 2001), and coeditor, with Steve Pavlik, of Destroying Dogma: Vine Deloria, Jr., and His Influence on American Society (Fulcrum, 2006). Known for his commitment to environmental defense and cultural diversity, Dr. Wildcat has been honored by the Kansas City organization The Future Is Now with the Heart Peace Award. His newest book, Red Alert! Saving the Planet with Indigenous Knowledge, will be released later this year.

Mike Williams, Akiak Community, Member, National Tribal Environmental Council Executive Committee Michael Williams is a Yupiaq from the small village of Akiak on the lower Kuskokwim River in Western Alaska. He grew up in a traditional subsistence household and was taught by his father, mother, grandmother, and grandfather. Mike graduated from the Chemawa Indian School in Salem, Oregon and served in South Korea as a member of the U.S. Army. He then studied at the University of Alaska, Kuskokwim Campus while working full time as a Mental Health Counselor. He and his wife, Maggie, later moved to Akiak and raised five children. Mike is currently the Chief of the Yupiit Nation; Secretary/Treasurer of the Akiak Native Community; a Board Member of the Institute for Tribal Governments at Portland State University; a Board Member of National Tribal

Environmental Council; Vice Chairman of the Yupiit School District; and a Board Member of the Rural Community Action Program. In addition, he is a former Board Member of the Native American Rights Fund, a former NCAI Regional Vice President, former Chairman of the Association of Village Council Presidents, and the former Vice President of Yukon-Kuskokwim Health Corporation. In addition to his commitment to community and tribal sovereignty, Mike has testified in front of Congress on climate change. He currently works as a Wellness Counselor for his village and he is also an avid Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race competitor.

Terry Williams (Tulalip), Fisheries and Natural Resources Commissioner, Tulalip Tribe

Terry Williams is a Tulalip tribal member who has served his Tribe and many other Tribes in a variety of

capacities for many years. He currently serves as Commissioner of Tulalip’s Treaty Rights Office and, as he has done for nearly three decades, as the Point Elliott Commissioner to the Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission. Mr. Williams was the initial Director of the National EPA’s Office on Indian Affairs and has served on numerous international, national, tribal and regional boards---from chairing the tribal committee of the Northwest Straits Commission to serving as the U.S. Delegate to the Council on Biodiversity. He holds extensive credentials in the study of climate change and has been honored by Tribes throughout the country and beyond for his work in natural resource management and environmental protection and restoration.

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Friday, July 20, 2012 Witnesses to the First Stewards 11:30 am – 12:30 pm Introduction: Micah McCarty Speakers: Nelson Kanuk, Student, Kipnuk, Alaska Clarita Lefthand-Begay, Graduate Student, University of Washington Ted Herrerra, Tap Pilam Coahuiltecan Nation, Texas Kalei Nu`uhiwa, Maui, Hawaii Background information:

Nelson Kanuk is 17 years old and from Kipnuk, a small village in Southwestern Alaska. Nelson comes from a family that practices a traditional subsistence lifestyle and he believes that it has always been important to live in harmony and balance with the precious land that has been passed down to us. Nelson considers climate change to be the most important issue of our time: “Our winters are coming early, our ice sheets are melting at an alarming rate, permafrost melt is causing our land to erode and severe storms are forcing us to take shelter in schools.” Nelson has been a plaintiff in climate change-

related litigation and has been featured in an award-winning WITNESS video.

Clarita Lefthand-Begay, MS, Ph.D. Candidate, Institute for Risk Analysis and Risk Communication (IRARC), Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105. I’m a citizen of the Diné Nation. I’m also a Ph.D. Candidate in the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences in the University of Washington’s (UW) School of Public Health. My graduate student research has ranged from environmental health (EH) microbiology to tribal water issues. As a Master of Science (MS) student in environmental health, I worked on a Microbial Source Tracking project in Washington. After earning a MS in EH, I entered the doctoral program in Environmental and Occupational Hygiene. At the end of 2009, I joined UW’s Institute for Risk Analysis and Risk Communication. My doctoral work examines disconnects between goals and values of the Clean Water Act, and Tribal cultural values. Furthermore, we consider the opportunities and barriers experienced by

natural resource departments when developing water quality standards that are grounded in Indigenous values. In this work we utilized a values-based approach to understand important aspects of water among tribal communities in the Pacific Northwest and in the Southwest. This research will allow us to understand how tribal perceptions and knowledge can inform issue of water quality, quantity and accessible.

Kalei Nu`uhiwa was born and raised on Maui and received the first master’s degree from the University of Hawaii at Mānoa’s Kawaihuelani Center for Hawaiian Language. She has been active in the restoration of the island of Kahoolawe, which was used for decades as a military bombing target. Her primary discipline is papahulilani, the study of all aspects of the atmosphere—its phenology, energies, cycles and isochronisms—from a Hawaiian perspective. These atmospheric elements embody the pantheon of kino akua Hawai`i and provide a fundamental function in ancestral memory, still essential in the modern Hawaiian consciousness. Her passion is to elevate the Hawaiian consciousness to its highest potential. She is a researcher and curriculum developer for the Papakū Makawalu Project

under the direction of Dr. Pualani Kanahele and the Edith Kanakaole Foundation. She coauthored the Papahulilani section of the cultural use plan for Kanaloa-Kahoolawe: Kūkulu Ke Ea a Kanaloa, the Kūmokuhali`i—Forest

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Resource Cultural Use Plan and the Keauhou Kahalu`u Educational Cultural Use Plan for Kamehameha Schools. Kalei continues to research and build understanding of the significance of site placement and use within the historical corridor of Kahalu`u, Kona. She maintains ongoing studies of celestial alignments with sites situated in the Northwestern and main Hawaiian islands, to understand traditional tracking of time and spatial measurements. She publishes a monthly newsletter using traditional data to assist others with their own recordation and data collection of their own environmental happenings.

Ted Herrera was born in the Coahuiltecan Sacred Land along the Rio Grande where the Peyote grows (Mirando City, Texas) to Maria Lara, a Tlaxcala, Huichol Indian and Eduardo Herrera a Tlaxcala, Carrizo Coahuiltecan Indian. Ted is one of five Tribal Leaders of the Texas recognized Tap Pilam Coahuiltecan Nation headquartered in San Antonio, Texas.Ted retired in 1998, as the Kelly Air Force Base Program Manager, for the Production Quality Control Program, where he had oversight responsibilities for writing policy and procedures that governed over 5,000 Air Craft Journeymen in 54 job skills. In March 2000, Ted started a partnership with Hugh Fitzsimons raising Buffalo for ceremonial and economic development. Ted presently serves on the following committees:

USDA/NRCS Texas State Technical Committee, as an advocate for stakeholders of tribally owned land and land owned by Tribal members.

Mexico–North Research Network, sponsored by the Smithsonian Institute, addressing the life flow constrains of indigenous people on both sides of the Rio Grande.

As a consultant to the Texas Historical Commission on investigations of artifacts for proper disposition when uncovered by construction work on Texas highways.

As the Coahuiltecan Nation’s NAGPRA consultant with the Army Corp of Engineers for Ft Sam Houston, San Antonio TX.

As the NAGPRA liaison with U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. As the Coahuiltecan Nation’s Liaison with UTSA on a language development Program Liaison between the Tap Pilam Coahuiltecan Nation and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Board member of Mantel Rock Native Education and Cultural Center Board Member of Friends of the Indigenous Elders

Ted is also a member of the following organizations:

Member of North American Iroquois Veterans Association Member of Nationally Active and Retired Federal Employees Association Member of Spiritual Elders of Mother Earth Founder and Spiritual leader of Rio Grande Native American Church