First Semester Design Review: H2OrphansSolar-Powered Water Filtration System

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Kyle Rainer - Project LeadTyler Marines - Client ContactSharon Strom - ScribeAmy Cox - TreasurerNick Stroud - Website Manager

Problem Definition2

Currently, many orphanages in Africa have only contaminated water for drinking and cooking. The pre-existing rain catchment system is the primary water source and potentially contains pathogens and sediments that could be harmful to human health. Currently, the orphanages do not have filtration or disinfection devices to protect against these contaminants.

Our mission is to develop an efficient, solar-powered water filtration system that is durable and provides clean water for underdeveloped regions.

Project Goal

Current Design Specifications3

Water produced 100 gallons/day Interface Digital displayMin. pressure 20 psi Power SolarMax pressure 65 psi Inlet Connection ¾” female swivelSize requirements 22”long x 18” wide x 10”

deepOutlet Connection ¾” male threaded

Weight 50 lbs. Other Components Supplied

• Instruction manual• Tool/repair kit• Replacement partsWHO regulations • Total Coliform: not

detectable in 100 ml sample

• E.Coli O157: not detectable in 100 ml sample

• Turbidity: <5 NTU

Design Tree 4

Biosand Filtration Design Cont.5

Additional Removal Layers

• Layer of charcoal below sand absorbs anions due to positive charge on activated carbon. High pore space captures particulates as well.

• Arsenic removal achieved by layer of non-galvanized iron in diffuser plate that absorbs arsenic (85-90%) then is filtered out by the sand.

Biosand Filtration Design Cont.6

Removal Efficiencies

Bacteria Up to 96.5%

Viruses 70 to >99.9%

Protozoa >99.9%

Helminths Up to 100%

Turbidity <1 NTU

Iron 90-95%

Specifications

Flow rate .05-.14 GPM/ft^2

Influent turbidity

<10 NTU

Sand depth 2-3 ft

Biofilm fully develop

20-30 days

Life of filter 30-40 yrs

Cost <$80 Varies w/ location

Pros Cons•Inexpensive•Sustainable•Long-Lasting•Reproducible•Removes Sediment and Potential Pathogens•Doesn’t Require Electricity•Proven to be Effective

•Manual Construction•Manual Cleaning•Constant Supply of Water Required

Carbon Block Filtration7

Filtering Process• Untreated water is pumped into the system and is

pushed downward• Water is infused through the cylindrical filter,

causing suspended solids and contaminants to become trapped

• As the pollutants come into contact with the filter, they adhere to the carbon and allow filtered water to be pushed upward

• Filtered water, containing particles too small to be trapper by the filter, exits the system

Design Tree 8

Design Options

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Flow Rate 1.8 gpmWeight 6 lbsAmperage Draw 5.5 AhSuction Capacity 8 ftRun dry Yes

Price $94

Flow Rate 1.96-2.5 gpmWeight 12 lbsAmperage Draw 5.4-18.3 AhSuction Capacity 20 ftRun dry No

Price $600

Pump Options

Dankoff Solar Slowpump Cole Parmer PD Pump

Dankoff Solar Slowpump Cole Parmer PD Pump

Pros:

Cons:

• Can be powered directly from Solar or from a 12V source

• Looks more durable

• Weighs less• Draws low amp load• Costs less• Able to run dry

• Expensive• Weights more• Draws heavy amp load

• Looks less durable than Dankoff• Can’t be powered directly from panels

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Flow Rate 2 gpmDimensions; weight 15” x 11” x 5.5”; 15 lbsVoltage 12 VDCPower 14WPre-filter 0.5 micron EPCB

Other Requirements NoneTotal Price $558.40

Flow Rate 2 gpmDimensions; weight 13.5” x 5” x 5”; 7 lbsVoltage 12 VDCPower 14WPre-filter 0.5 micron EPCB

Other Requirements 5 micron pre-filter ($42.88)Total Price $438.34

Carbon/UV Filtration Device Options

Pura UVB1-EPCB Pura UVB2-EPCB

UVB1 UVB2

Pros:

Cons:

• Small• Light weight• Lower total cost

• Pre-filter comes with the device

• Requires purchasing of a separate pre-filter• Will require additional assembly

• Slightly larger• Heavier• Higher total cost

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Type Multi-JetFlow Rate .25-20 GPMMax Flow Rate 20 GPMAccuracy +/- 2%Pipe Size/Fitting 3/4“FNPT ThreadedTotal Price $64(Plastic) or $84(Bronze)

Type Variable AreaFlow Rate 1-16 GPMMax Flow Rate 16 GPMAccuracy +/- 5%Pipe Size/Fitting 3/4“FNPT ThreadedTotal Price $155.50

Flow Measurement Options

HeadlandAssured AutomationWM-P Series

Headland Assured Automation

Pros:

Cons:

• More durability• Smaller

• Can purchase “Pulse output” measure flow electronically.

• More accurate reading• Keeps track of total flow

• Hard to accurately read• Lack of digital output

• Plastic may lack durability

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Reserve Battery

Pros Cons

• Power when sunlight isn’t available

• Constant power for monitoring/control system

• Common battery type• Cheap

• Would need to be replaced

• Adds significant weight

Specs (UPG UB12350)

Voltage / Amps 12V / 35Ah

Life 3-5 Years

Type Deep-Cycle Lead Acid

Weight 23.15 lb

Size 7.68 x 7.13 x 5.16 in

Cost Estimation $65.00

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Design Recommendations

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Design Matrices 15Scale: 1-51 being the worst5 being the best

Carbon/UV Cost Weight Dimensions Amps Drawn Ease of Assembly Total Score:

UVB1 4 3 4 4 3 18

UVB2 2 2 3 4 4 15

Pump Cost Weight Amps Drawn Durability Source capabilities Total Score:

Cole Parmer 5 4 4 2 2 17

Dankoff 2 1 3 4 4 14

Filter Type Removal Maintenance Cost Flow Rate Filter Media Life Footprint Total Score:

Carbon 4 4 3 4 3 5 23

Biosand 3 3 5 2 4 3 20

Design Tree 16

Estimate of Chosen System Costs17

Carbon/UV Filtration

Filters (UVB1-EPCB) $438.34

Solar Panels $300

Pump (Cole Parmer PD) $100

Battery (UPG UB12350) $65

Other (pipe, storage, etc.) $300

Total $1,203.34

Project Timeline18

11/21/2013 12/5/2013 12/12/2013 1/9/2014 1/16/2014 1/23/2014 1/30/2014 2/6/2014 2/13/2014 2/20/2014

Order PartsBegin to set up/build Prototype

to use for testingTesting of System & Water Quality Sampling

Analyze Results/ Do DFME Analysis

2/27/2014 3/6/2014 3/13/2014 3/20/2014 3/27/2014 4/3/2014 4/10/2014 4/17/2014 4/24/2014 5/1/2014

Upgrade design & Build Prototype 2 if needed

Test Prototype 2Validate Design

Build Design Report &Writing Manual

Present Design

Questions ?

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Additional Questions for Client20

• How firm is the 50 pound weight limit; what is included in that weight?• Will there be one pelican case being shipped or two?• To what extent is this system to be sustainable in country?• Is it feasible for you to build a housing for the pump/filters/battery on-

site to shelter it from the weather?• Do the current RWHS have first flush diverters?• Auto shut-off in the tank? (i.e. float valve)