First Report of Water Quality Ibnu Samsi

7/31/2019 First Report of Water Quality Ibnu Samsi

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Preliminary survey of river water quality in Jeneberang river basin

Mid of November

(Ibnu Samsi)

1. Previous works of water quality

1.1.Water Quality Data Management

There were past investigations or studies of water quality of Jeneberang River for variousreasons by several institutions, the results are made at a written report and scattered into

several places, so no single agency that responsible to manage and to administrate the

water quality river data that can easily be retrieved or to produce easily for evaluation.

Water Treatment Plant is the only institution to record the water quality in hourly basisbecause they use it to get the right dosage of treatment. Raw water quality data are reported

monthly to the management and it is used as a part of management cycles and decision

making in producing clean water for the city water supply.

A list of Agency or Government Office in charge in Water Related Data

No Agency in chargeRiver

DischargeRiver Water

QualityHydrology

DataWatershed

Conservation

1 Bapedalda Province NoYes

(Once a year) No No

2 Bapedalda Regency NoYes

(Once a year) No No

3 Dinas PSDA Province Yes No Yes No

4 Dinas PSDA Regency No No Yes No

5 Health Service Province No No No No

6 Forest Service Province No No Yes Yes

7 Forest Service Regency No No Yes Yes

8 Agriculture Service Province No No Yes No

9 Agriculture Service Regency No No Yes No

10 Geological Service Province No No No No

11 Geological Service Regency No No No No

12 JRBDP (project limited time) Yes Yes Yes No

13 PDAM No Yes No No

14 BPDAS (Forest Depart) No Occasional No Yes

15 PLN Yes Occasional No No

16 University Hasanudin Ocassional Occasional Occasional Occasional

17 Volunteer Organization No No No No

By the organization mission, Bapedalda is the government organization that is entitled to

manage and to conserve the environment to control the environmental problems, and toassess the impact of new development to the environment in terms of physical, chemical,

biological, as well as social economic viewpoints. In addition to that, Bapedalda has also a

function to coordinate the activities in environment concern. There are two level ofBapedalda, provincial level and regency level. The concern of Bapedalda at Provincial

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level are mainly to the environmental object that are located in more than 2 regency

administration. A river that crosses 2 regency of administration is managed by provincial

level of administration, whilst rivers that are located in 1 regency is managed by regencyadministration. The problem may arise when the regency is split into two regencies, a

formerly objects was located in 1 regency now changed to two regencies.

Like Bapedalda there are two levels of Dinas PSDA, the provincial level and the regencylevel. The PSDA provincial level is responsible to the Governor of the province, and

manages all water resources that cover more than one regency area whereas the Dinas

PSDA regency manages the water resources in their only regency area. All of these officesformerly were under the ministry of Public Works, but now each are under the provincial

government and the regency or the local government. The central government at the

ministerial level has a lot of function of technical assistance, and publish regulation into

that office. Any decision made through management cycles from planning to evaluation inPSDA provincial and regency is responsible to the governor and the Bupati as the head of

regency.

In relating to water resource management PSDA has a lot of experience to construct damand the irrigation infrastructure and facilities, however the water quality concerns not

many. The water quality concern are usually contracted to other parties since they have nolaboratory facilities.

1.2. National Clean River Program (Prokasih).

Program There were a reported works that taken annually of the Jeneberang river water

quality under the National Prokasih Program (National Clean River Program). Fivesampling sites were selected i,e:

1. Upstream of Jene Berang (just upper of the confluence with Salo Malino

River),2. The downstream of Salo Malino,

3. The confluence of Salo Malino and Jeneberang,

4. The outlet of Bili-Bili Dam, and5. The downstream of Jene Berang near the city of Makasar.

The main objective of the program is to monitor the status of several rivers in the country.

Jeneberang river is one of the selected in the program. Generally the activities of the

Prokasih program are taking the water samples and examine them in the lab. Monitoredparameters are pH, TSS, BOD, and COD. Based on the parameters selected the objective of

that program is to assess the river water quality in terms of pollution from domestic source

as well as from industrial source..

1.3. JICA Study

There was also a recent study conducted by JICA for 7 months periods between September

2004 to March 2005 just 6 months after the collapse of Mount Bawakaraeng, and that

works was carried out by CES-UNHAS (Center for Environmental Science, University of

Hasanuddin). The main objective of that study was to know the suspended load and the

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turbidity of river water quality as affected by the collapse of Mount Bawakaraeng which

occurred at March 2004. It was reported that sampling was made at every two weeks at the

seven locations. The sites of sampling were located at:1. Sabo dam no.4

2. Sand pocket no.2

3. Bili-Bili reservoir4. Bili-Bili dam

5. Jenelata river

6. Malengkeri intake7. Jongaya-Panampu Drainage Canal

1.4. Environmental Impact Assessment of Bili-Bili dam study (1997 -2001).

1.5. Hydrology and monitoring Section of PSDA (1999 2003)

1.6. Other Institution,

Though not many parameters of quality are observed, but the water treatment plant ofSomba Opu (abstract raw water from Bili-Bili dam) is the only institutions that records data

or information of water quality presented daily. Turbidity and pH are the parameters

quality that are observed hourly and daily average. These information are presented as apart of management task to monitor the process of clean water production.

1.7. Pers

Media Indonesia Online 27th December of 2005 reported that the turbidity of the raw waterquality in Somba Opu Water Treatment Plant drastically changed their values from 316

NTU in the morning to 2800 NTU in the afternoon, and made the management to stop the

production in the evening. The level of turbidity had exceeded the capacity of treatmentplant to process raw water to clean water.

Kompas daily reported at 22nd of January 2006 that water production at somba Opu water

treatment was stopped due to the turbidity of raw water supplied from Bili-bili dam

Jeneberang had exceeded the capability of water treatment plant to process water at 9000NTU, whereas at that time the turbidity already reached the valued of 11600 NTU. The

report also mentioned the turbidity of water once ever had reached 176.000 NTU.

Head of the Subdinas of the Utility Management of Water Resource of South of Sulawesi

in Daily Kompas 03rd of Feb 2005 stated that in the rainy season turbidity may reach219.000 NTU, whereas usually at the previous of no collapse of Bawakaraeng the turbidity

would never reach 100 NTU.

2. Methods of survey

Using the electrode probe of water quality, the 5 parameters of quality may be directly

examined onsite. Those 5 parameters are pH, temperature, conductivity, turbidity and

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dissolved oxygen. Electrode probe method is actually rapid method to examine water

quality. This method has a limitation in number of parameters, since not all parameters can

be measured rapidly.

2.1.The objective of the survey

The objective of the survey is particularly to get a general view of water quality in term ofnatural resources rather than to know the impact of domestic or industrial pollution. A

further examination is required if the water is designed for particular purposes as for

agriculture, for industry or for domestic purposes, or if we want to know the impact of any

development in the river basin. In the river management, it must be bear in mind that thewater quality is closely related to the flows of water. Since no flow measurement was

carried out, the interpretation as a result of survey is very limited to the set quality of that

time of survey, and a further study is required if we want to know the dynamic water

quality that persist in the river basin.

2.2.Survey Sites

Several sites were visited based on its accessibility, and the sites are also easily identified.Shortly a preliminary survey of water quality from several locations is required in order to

know the location sampling sites that are suitable for sampling stations. When the

identified of sampling sites are already fixed, it enable to know the temporal variation of

river water quality. Several places at the upstream of Jeneberang and its tributaries werevisited,

see the Map of sampling sites.

When it is necessary the sampling sites may be selected to be a sampling station in order to

know the consistency of place and the temporal variation of river water quality and thevolume of discharge of that river.

2.3.Variables observed at the survey

The bare minimum information of river water quality may be obtained through preliminary

observation and taking samples for only the following parameters:

1. Temperature2. Electrical conductivity

3. pH

4. Dissolved Oxygen5. Turbidity

The five above parameters may give an indication of the general characteristic of river

water in its geological properties where the river is located. Information of those five

parameters of river water quality in natural states can give a picture of general quality of

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water for variety of use. Though turbidity and conductivity are not put in the standard of

quality, but their information is useful to asses the water quality in the perspective of as a

natural resource rather than in designated of use. Some parameters mentioned in thestandard are closely related to the values of conductivity as well as in turbidity values.

Turbidity values may be related to suspended solid, particle solids, whereas conductivity

may be related to the dissolved salts or dissolved solids in water.Application of electrode probe is a very useful for rapid assessment of water quality, since

laboratory examination is not required.

Water quality standards do not mention conductivity requirement but it mentions dissolved

solids. The objective of measurement of dissolved solids is to know the impurities that

dissolve in water. The conductivity measurement is made in order to know the impurities

that dissociate in water. Impurities that dissociates in water are also dissolve in water, butdissolves in water not necessarily dissociate.

For the purpose of survey the conductivity measurement is enough because it is quick and

it provides partial information of dissolved solids.

A similar thing happens to turbidity and suspended solids. Water quality standards do notrequire turbidity values but put suspended solids in the standard. When the series of

suspended solids data and turbidity data are available the value of suspended solids may be

obtained.

For the purpose of survey, examination of turbidity is more likely close to the objective of

disaster reduction of Jeneberang river and Billi-Billi reservoir since turbidity consist of

suspended solids and settleable solids that flows together with water.

Comparable of parameters in survey and in Standard of Water Quality*

Standard of

quality*

Survey Note

1 Temperature Temperature

2 pH pH Onsite examination

3 Dissolved Solids Conductivity A further study is required to derive a

formula of its relationship

4 Dissolved Oxygen Dissolved Oxygen Onsite examination

5 Suspended Solids Turbidity A further study is required to derive a

formula of its relationship

*Governor Decision of South Sulawesi no: 14 Year 2003

The following chart is expected to clarify the relationship between solid particles,

conductivity and suspended solids. Solid particles create conductivity and turbidity inwater, each has its own characteristic

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The relationship of turbidity,conductivity and solid particles.

Solid Particles in water

Conductivity Turbidity

Not filterable FilterableDissolved in water Undissolved in water

Only High level of

filtration can do(reverse osmosis)

Applicable to rapid and

slow sand filtration

Not settled in quietcondition

Settled in quietcondition except very

fine that makes

Suspended Solid

The quality parameter of any suspected of pollution of the human activities as well as theparameter for the designated of use of river water quality are not made. Taking water

samples for to know the level of pollution from organic wastes that may be represented in

BOD, COD, TOC, nitrogen, phosphorus values and microbiological of fecal and total coliare not included in this survey, the examination will be contracted to the third party.

2.4.Time and General condition of survey

The survey was made within two weeks in working days of the 3 rd and the 4th of November

2006. It was noted that most of the time during the survey there was no rain, but rain

started at the last day of survey at Friday of 24th of November 2006. The rivers are almostat the lowest flow at that time, and some rivers almost no water. Vegetation like Lantana

Tamara looked so dry around the traveled roads and the river banks. It may be noted herethat almost no survey sites absence of cows manure, and even a dried human manures.

There were a lot of leaf debris around the sites, even in the main Jeneberang rivers.

For the purpose to know the recent condition at the upstream after the collapse of Mount

Bawakaraeng at 26th of March 2004, therefore the survey is particularly made at theupstream of the river. The survey is carried out at November 2006, and that is the end of

dry season of the year.

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2.5. Basin and sub Basin Division.

For the management purposes the watershed of the study areas are grouped into the

Jeneberang river system and the Jenelata river system. The survey sites and its location inthe watershed system see Table 1

Table1 The water quality survey sites and its basin

B

AS

IN

Sub-Basin Description of location Main Rivers

Survey

Sites

JE

N

E

BE

R

A

NG

Jeneberang 1 Mt Bawakaraeng Caldera

area

Jeneberang R B1

Jeneberang 2 Upstream Jeneberang

Matoanging to Bulutana

Jeneberang R B2

Jeneberang 3 Midstream Jeneberang

Bengo to Sumelu

Jeneberang R B3, B4

B5

Jeneberang 4 Surrounding Bili-Bili area Jeneberang R B6

Takapala R Takapala river areaTakapala R, Parang R,Manapa R

M1, P1,Tk1 MP1

Malino R Malino River area

Malino R, Bulang R,

Ahuwa R, Pambola R

M1, M2,

M3, M4,

M5,M6,

M7

Kunisi R Kunisi river area Kunisi R K1

Bengo,Angasia Bengo and angasia river

area

Bengo R Angasia R -

Tasese R Tasese river area Tasese R TS1

Rakikang r Rakikang river area Rakikang R RK1

JE

N

EL

A

TA

Sapaya R 1 Sapaya R (Upstream)Balang Patutanga RBinanga Pateteang R

B. Talanggantarang R

Balang Kampala

L4,L6,

L7,

L5

Sapaya R 2 Midstream Binanga Sapaya R L3

Toka Midstream Binanga Kaluarang L1, L2

Jenelata Jenelata Jenelata River L8

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Table 2. Survey sites and 5 parameters quality in

the Jeneberang River basinMid of Novemeber 2006

SurveySites Temp(oC) pH

Diss.Ox(mg/l)

Conduc(mS/m)

Turbid(NTU)

B 1 21.3 7.9 10.92 26 25

B 2 24.9 7.9 9.12 29 36

B 3 28.6 7.7 5.2 25 19

B 4 26.3 7.6 6 27 16

B 5 33.1 7 1.82 12 10

B 6 32.3 8.2 6 28 10

R 1 34.8 7.8 4.83 19 10

M 6 30.6 9 3.3 11 7M 7 29.8 7.4 3.1 12 16

M 1 27.7 7.4 11.64 13 12

M 4 20.6 7.1 9.25 9 9

M 2 23.2 7.6 6.81 15 6

M 3 24.3 7.5 9.15 14 11

M 5 27.8 7.2 5.78 11 12

K 1 21.9 7.2 6.65 9 15

P 1 21.8 7.2 6.7 5 10

MP 1 22.2 7.1 6.89 5 8

M 1 22.6 7.1 7.2 5 7

T 1 21.8 7.2 7.1 7 11

TS 1 33 7.9 1.6 8 5Leng 1 18.8 7.1 12.6 5 12

Ave 26.06667 7.36 6.745714 14.04762 12.71429

Max 33 9 12,6 29 36

Min 18,8 7 1,6 5 5

Table 2. Survey sites and 5 parameters quality in

the Jenelata River basin

Novemeber 2006

Survey

sites Temp(o

C) pH

Diss.Ox(mg

/l)

Conduc

(mS/m)

Turbid

(NTU)L1 26.9 7.1 5.03 14 13

L4 25.9 7.2 4 10 5

L3 32.6 7.8 2 11 2

L6 33.3 7.7 1.84 10 1.8

L5 31.1 7.6 1.7 7 9

L7 31 7.5 1.7 8 6

L2 28.5 7.6 3.96 14 2

L8 33 7.7 3.87 13 10

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Ave 30.2875 7.49 3.0125 10.875 6.1

Max 33.3 7.8 5.03 14 13

Min 25.9 7.1 1.7 8 1.8

3.1.The standard quality of water

The standard of water quality produced by the Governor of South Sulawesi divide the

impurities in water into physical, microbiology, inorganic as well as organic chemical andradioactive. All of these impurities are categorized into parameters that require examination

in the chemistry lab. The water quality mentioned in the standards should follow theexamination as it written in the standard methods of examination.

1. The physical parameters in water include Temperature, Dissolved Solid, and

Suspended Solids.

2. The inorganic chemical impurities are pH,BOD,COD,Dissolved Oxygen, Totalphosphate,NO3 (nitrate), Ammonia (NH3-N), Arsen, cobalt,

Barium,Boron,Selenium, Cadmium, Chrom(VI),Copper, Iron, Lead,

Mangan,quicksilver, Chloride, Zinc,Cyanide,Fluoride,Nitrite,Sulfate,ResidualChlorine, Hydrogen Sulfide

3. The microbiology parameters are Fecal Coliform and Total Coliform.4. The radioactive parameters are Gross A and Gross-B5. The organic parameters includes hydrocarbon, fats, detergent, phenol, and

insecticide such as BHC lindan, Dieldrin, Aldrin,Chlordane,DDT, Endrin

Toxaphene, PCB, Heptachlor and Heptachlor epoxide.

Based on that parameters the water quality are then classified according to the designatedof use or suitability of that water. The class 1 of water quality is waters that may be used as

raw water for the production of drinking water or water supply for domestic purposes. The

class 2 waters are water that may be used for recreation purposes, fish culture, or otherpurposes as the quality is similar to the required quality as the class 2 quality. The class 3 is

suitable for fish culture fresh water. The class 4 is suitable for plant irrigation or other

purposes that require such quality of water.

3.2.Relation of water quality standards and the results of survey.

The survey is carried out in mid of November 2006 and used electrode probe methods.

Parameter of temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH are comparable to standard of water

quality, because those three parameters are set in the standards and it is measured onsite.

The general practice of taking water samples for several purposes the temperature, the pHand the Dissolved Oxygen are taken onsite, in case of no probes they use the BOD bottles

to get the Dissolved Oxygen Values.

Conductivity and turbidity were not explicitly mentioned in the standard, but in the

standards the values may be close to residu terlarut (the dissolved solids) for conductivity

and residu tersuspensi (the suspended solids) may close to turbidity.

Residu terlarut or dissolved solids is measured by passing the water through the filter and

the filtrate are measured for its content of dissolved salts such as chloride, carbonate, or

other sulfate. Unlike in metal the conduction is carried out by electron, whereas in waterthe electric conductivity is carried by ion. The ions come from salts that dissociate in water.

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Measurement is stated in Siemens. 1 Siemens = 1000 milli Siemens (mS) and and mS=

1000 Siemens, so 1 Siemens= 1000000 Siemens

Turbidity is not mentioned explicitly in the standard of water but the values of turbidity is

very close to the suspended solids, however the units used are quite different. Turbidity is

stated in Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU), whilst Suspended Solid is in mg/l.Turbidity is measured by dispersion of light when entering the mass of water media

containing impurities, suspended solids is measured by filtering the water into media filter

and weigh the media filter after undergo process of drying. Turbidity is actually a rapidestimate method of measurement of suspended solids, rather than using a routine procedure

to measure suspended solids in the lab. That is why in water production industry (water

treatment plant) they use turbidity values in order to be able to estimate the right dosage of

coagulating agent.

However, the water quality standards put the maximum values of suspended solids 5000

mg/l for conventional water treatment plant

Conductivity

Exclusion of B5 survey site, high values of conductivity were noticed in survey sites B1,

B2, B3, B4, and B6. Indicating that the main river of Jeneberang contained more dissolved

solids than the water in surrounding river as from Malino river M1, M2, M3, M4, M5,M6,

M7, Kunisi river, Takapala, Parang, Manapa river. Water conductivity is caused by the

10

Conductivity at Jeneberang Basin

November 2006

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

B1

B2

B3

B4

B5

B6

R

1

M6

M7

M1

M4

M2

M3

M5

K1

P1

MP1

M1

Tk1

Ts1

Leng1

Survey Sites

Conductivity

mS/M


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dissolved solids in water, and this could be dissolved salts, such as chloride, carbonate,

sulfate etc. A further study is required in order to know the reason why the Jeneberang

river conductivity is higher at the upstream than the surrounding river. In the naturalcondition the conductivity values are generally constant over the time except there is a new

discharge of salt containing water or higher evaporation at a constant volume of water. In

addition to that, the decreasing conductivity of surrounding river probably are causedThe conductivity values may provide information that the dissolved values derived from

conductivity are not exceeding the standard of total dissolved solids quality 800 mg/l,

standard at class 1 water quality.

The relation of conductivity and dissolved solids see table .

Total Dissolved Solids Jeneberang Basin

November 2006

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

B1

B2

B3

B4

B5

B6

R1

M6

M7M

1M

4M

2M

3M

5 K1

P1MP

1M

1Tk1 Ts

1

Leng

1

Survey Sites

Dissolved

Solids

800 mg/l is Clas I standards for Total Dissolved solid

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12

Turbidity at Jeneberang Basin

November 2006

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90100

B1

B2

B3

B4

B5

B6

R

1

M6

M7

M1

M4

M2

M3

M5

K1

P1

MP1

M1

Tk1

Ts1

L

eng1

Survey Sites

Turbidity

mg/l

Conductivity at Jenelata Basin

November 2006

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

L1 L4 L3 L6 L5 L7 L2 L8

Survey Sites

Conductivi

mS/m


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5.3. Turbidity

Turbidity is the key quality of parameter in relation to the Jeneberang basin and the Bili-

Bili reservoir. Turbidity as well as conductivity may create sedimentation. Both turbidity

and conductivity are caused by solid particles. Conductivity is caused by solid particles thatdissolves in water whilst turbidity is caused by particles that not easily dissolved in water,

but are in suspension form in water due to its fine and very fine of physical properties. The

undissolved of solid particles are mostly that create turbidity. The suspended solids are thesolids that create turbidity and not easily settled though the water is in quiet or undisturbed.

The suspended solids are caused by very fine particles in water. In addition to very fine

particles, some particles such as algae, plankton or microbe in water may contribute to theturbidity of water. The value of turbidity from 5 to 36 indicates that water in the system

was normal in time a long of dry season. As a matter of fact that the low value of turbidity

during the survey indicates that the solid particles as well as the suspended solids were low

during the survey. The general practice of local people in hilly location is to use that waterfor domestic purposes particularly as a source of drinking water. They are transporting

them by plastic hose to their home. During rainy seasons they admit that water getting

turbid and they have to allow the turbid to settle after sometimes.It is clear that is very difficult to assess the result of survey to figure out the general

condition of turbidity in the basin since there was no flow measurement at that time. Visual

examination of the flow only the river Jeneberang had a higher flow compared to otherrivers.

13

Temperature Profile at Jeneberang River Basin

November 2006

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

B1

B2

B3

B4

B5

B6

R

1

M6

M7

M1

M4

M2

M3

M5

K1

P1

MP1

M1

Tk1

Ts1

Leng1

Survey sites

Temperature

Celcius

Turbidity Jenelata Basin 2006

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

L1 L4 L3 L6 L5 L7 L2 L8

Survey Sites

Turbidit


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5.2. Temperature.

14

Temperature Profile of Jenelata Basin

November 2006

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

L1 L4 L3 L6 L5 L7 L2 L8


15/23

Temperatures of water during the survey were between 220C to 33.1. Not much can we

conclude from this temperature information. There was no activity that create increasing of

high temperature in the location (heat pollution). The normal condition prevail in that areaof survey. The higher is the location of river the lower is the water temperature in the area

the temperature decrease to 220C.

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5.1.pH

From 31 survey sites all show that the pH of water in the basin were between 7 to 8 these

showed that water in the watersheds were predominantly neutral to basic. Generally whenno rain at a long time (dry season at that time) the sources of water in the channel are

dominantly comes from the soil moisture storage and the groundwater storage rather than

from the surface run off. The water quality from this storage is very much influenced bythe process of weathering, mineralization, and leaching from the ground. However visual

examination in the river showed that the discharge of the river was very low, some showed

dry and no water at all. This indicates that the upstream condition was very poor or lack ofwater source or source of river water is dominantly from rain.

The pH of 7 to 8 indicated that water can support the live organism in water.

However, the pH itself is actually not enough information to explain the general quality of

water in terms of ability to retain the pH value. Stability of pH against acid to support life

is also important. Alkalinity is a measure of water ability to resist of pH change for any

addition of acid into the water, and therefore it requires alkalinity measurement of water.

The level of alkalinity was between 50 to 60 mg/l (source:Study of Environmental ImpactAssessment) on the works for sediment control October 2004. This indicated of low level

alkalinity and this means prone to pH change, and that means the river water has low pH

stability. 0 to 100 mg/l of alkalinity is considered poor, 100 to 150 mg/l is considered fair,whilst 150 to 200 has a good buffering capacity.

16

pH Profile of Jeneberang Basin November 2006

0123456789

1011121314

B1

B2

B3

B4

B5

B6

R1

M6M7M1M4M2M3M5K1

P1

MP1

M1

Tk1

Ts1

Leng1

Survey sites

pHV

alue


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Similar happens to Jenelata river basin system, the pH was in the range between 7 and 8.Since no alkalinity values were reported, it is difficult to assess the stability of pH of the

river system in the basin. If the values of alkalinity similar to Jeneberang river the stability

of pH is low or has low buffering capacity.

17

pH Profile Jenelata Basin

November 2006

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

L1 L4 L3 L6 L5 L7 L2 L8

Survey Sites

pH


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Dissolved Oxygen

18

Dissolved Oxygen Profile at Jeneberang Basin

November 2006

01234

56789

1011121314151617181920

B1

B2

B3

B4

B5

B6

R1

M6

M7M

1M

4M

2M

3M

5 K1

P1MP

1M

1Tk1 Ts

1

Leng

1

Survey Sites

D

issolvedOxygen

pH Profile Jenelata Basin

November 2006

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

L1 L4 L3 L6 L5 L7 L2 L8

Survey Sites

pH


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5.Discussion

3. A table of water quality parameter and its meaning

No Parameters Meaning

1 Temperature Unless no direct sunlight comes into the river, the water temperature

naturally is always below the surrounding air temperature, however

the higher water temperature may be caused by the shallowness of

19

Dissolved Oxygen Profile in Jenelata Basin

November 2006

1

3

5

7

9

11

13

15

L1 L4 L3 L6 L5 L7 L2 L8

Survey sites

DissolvedOxy


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the river so the sun lights heats the bottom of the river and increase

the water temperature. Higher temperature may increase themetabolism rate of aquatic organism in water.

2 Turbidity This parameter represent particulate matters or solids in water, innatural condition, the surface water may contains clay, silt, finely

particles, divided organic and inorganic matter, soluble coloredorganic compounds, plankton and or microscopic organisms. Anexamination of turbidity is a reflection of suspended solids, dissolved

solids, or Total dissolved solid. Monitoring of turbidity is very

important in water treatment plant in order to know the right dosage

of the application coagulant the treatment process of raw water.Local people tend to refuse the turbid water for their consumption

unless the solids settled down in their water container. Though not

quite the same, in standard of quality for designated of use, turbidityvalues is represented in physical properties of water in Total

Suspended Solid Values

3 pH A pH of pure water is 7, the environment where the water flowsinfluence the pH. A pH of less than 7 is considered acid, while more

than 7 is basic. In natural condition the pH of surface water is verymuch affected by geological properties of the area where the surface

water is located and the presence of O2CO2 in the air. In natural

condition aquatic animals can live in the pH of 5 to 9. If the pH of

water bodies beyond that ranges, it may destroy of living organism inwater. Study of pH shows of synergetic properties of toxic material

to aquatic organism. A pH of less than 6 and greater than 8 are

significantly more toxic to aquatic organism. The pH also affects thesolubility of metal in water and this increase a lethal effect of metal

in water.4 Conductivity Conductivity in water is the ability of water to conduct electric

current. Unlike in metal material, the conductivity is passed through

the electron, in water the conductivity goes through in ionic form,this is caused by the dissolved salts in water. So conductivity values

may show the impurities in water particularly the solid such as salts

that can dissociate in water, such as chloride. With different methods

of examination the conductivity values is represented in DissolvedSolids.

5 DissolvedOxygen

Dissolved oxygen is very important to aquatic life. Dissolved oxygenpresent in water comes from the air, the natural pressure of air force

the oxygen gets into the water. The algae photosynthesis producesoxygen in water during daylights. In moving water like in river theDissolved concentration may exceed the normal percentage of

dissolved oxygen in water due to the turbulence of water in reaching

downstream.

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Conductivity

Seawater has 3.5% of chloride and this is equal to

= 3.5/100 = 3.5gr/100gr = 35gr/1000gr = 35000mg/l chloride =

= in the range of 50 000 S/cm

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1mS/m = 0.01mS/cm=1000 S/cmconversion from miliSiemens/m (mS/m) to microSiemens/Cm (S/cm)= 0.01 x 1000 = 10 or ten timesAll figure in Column 2 times 10 to get column 4 in S/cm

Table 3

Conversion of Conductivity in mS/m intomg/l of Total Dissolved Solids

for Jeneberang river Basin

SurveySites

Conduc(mS/m)

Conversionof

Conductivity

(S/cm)

Conversionof

TDS(TotalDissolved

Solids) mg/l

1 2 3 4 5 6

B 1 26

mS/mtoS/cm

X 10

260

S/cmtomg/l

X 0.65

169

B 2 29 290 188.5

B 3 25 250 162.5

B 4 27 270 175.5B 5 12 120 78

B 6 28 280 182

R 1 19 190 123.5

M 6 11 110 71.5

M 7 12 120 78

M 1 13 130 84.5

M 4 9 90 58.5

M 2 15 150 97.5

M 3 14 140 91

M 5 11 110 71.5

K 1 9 90 58.5

P 1 5 50 32.5MP 1 5 50 32.5

M 1 5 50 32.5

T k1 7 70 45.5

Ts1 8 80 52

Leng 1 5 50 32.5

Comparing this figure to sea water with the concentration of Dissolved Solids 35.000mg/lthe concentration of dissolved solids in the Jeneberang was in the range between 32.5 mg/l

and 188.5 mg/l or less than 0.01%. It was very low, whereas the dissolved solids or

conductivity in rain water generally up to 100mg/l. This indicates that quality of water wasabout or similar to rain water, it is low of dissolved solids, less chloride, carbonate, sulfate

or mineral content in water.

Table 3

Conversion of Conductivity in mS/m into

mg/l of Total Dissolved Solids

for Jenelata river Basin

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Survey sites

Conduc(mS/m)

Conversionof

Conduct(S/cm)

Conversionof

TDS (TotalDissolvedSolids) mg/l

L1 14

mS/m

toS/cm

X 10

140

S/cm

tomg/l

X 0.65

91

L4 10 100 65

L3 11 110 71.5

L6 10 100 65L5 7 70 45.5

L7 8 80 52

L2 14 140 91

L8 13 130 84.5

Similar situation occurs in Jenelata river basin the total dissolved solids were in the range

of 45.5 mg/l to 91 mg/l, it is within the range of rain water. The quick impression from this

survey showed that the source of surface water in this area is mostly from rainwater, or the

river water has not much of eternal springs that keep to supply the river with a high flowof water

Conclusion and recommendation

1. The result of survey by quick assessment of water quality checker for 5 parametersin the system of Jeneberang basin in November 2006 shows that.

- Water quality in terms of Disssolved Oxygen, Temperature, and pH

indicating of water in the normal natural condition- Since no alkalinity were measured during the survey, the pH stability of

water can not be measured.

- Low values of Total dissolved solids derived from the conductivity

measurement shows that the Jeneberang as well as Jenelata river systemhave a low salts concentration, the quality of water was close to the rain

water. This is indicating that the water quality in the basin have a short time

of contact between water and the basin sediments. Or another way thesupply of water to the river are much comes from the rain water rather than

from the ground water. A very very low flow during the dry season compare

to the wet seasons indicating that the supply from ground water so minimalthese are due inability of upstream to hold water during the wet season

- The low values of turbidity was very much caused by the low flow, so the

the turbid get down of the water.

- Unless no further examination of water quality during the wet season, no

conclusion can be made from this short time of survey to show the generalquality of water in the Jeneberang and Jenelata basin system.

2. A further examination of water quality covering several parameters are requiredduring the wet and the dry season

First Report of Water Quality Ibnu Samsi

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