FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury...

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FIRST AID FIRST AID IN IN EMERGENCY EMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta

Transcript of FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury...

Page 1: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

FIRST AID FIRST AID IN IN

EMERGENCYEMERGENCY

V.V.L.N.S.N.GuptaV.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta

Page 2: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

AIM AIM

To prevent the To prevent the severity of severity of

Any injuryAny injury PoisoningPoisoning

Page 3: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

By simple & prompt By simple & prompt application of application of

Proper First Aid measuresProper First Aid measures

According to the According to the circumsatancescircumsatances

Page 4: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

BASICS OF FIRST AIDBASICS OF FIRST AID

A. Recognize source of disaster Look for

1) Smoke, flames2) Electrical wires3) Risk of explosion4) Roadside dangers5) Potential violence

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BASICS OF FIRST AIDBASICS OF FIRST AID

B. Do not endanger yourself i. Use PPEs as availableii. Improviseiii.Wash hand before handling woundsiv.Avoid contact with blood and all body

fluids

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BASICS OF FIRST AIDBASICS OF FIRST AID C. Keep calm – remember First aid training

Assess victim for i. Responsiveness ii. ABC of resuscitationiii. Take historyiv. Physical examinationv. Monitor for changesvi. If unresponsive victim, tongue may fall backvii.Extend neck by elevating chin

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BASICS OF FIRST AIDBASICS OF FIRST AID

D. Call for Medical help

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GENERAL MEASURES GENERAL MEASURES

Under Self protection:Under Self protection:Remove the victim from the Remove the victim from the site of accidentsite of accident

Bring him in bright Bring him in bright light & fresh airlight & fresh air

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Loosen his clothesLoosen his clothes

Remove the irritant & Remove the irritant & toxic gases toxic gases

Remove Blood dirty Remove Blood dirty material from his eyes, material from his eyes, mouth, nasal cavity etc.,mouth, nasal cavity etc.,

by thoroughly washing with by thoroughly washing with large quantity of Normal large quantity of Normal salinesaline

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Take care of any bleeding Take care of any bleeding point.point.

Quickly assess the Quickly assess the condition of victimcondition of victim

Help of the physician Help of the physician should be sought for,should be sought for, in case of serious injuryin case of serious injury

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UNCONSCIOUS VICTIMUNCONSCIOUS VICTIM

CleanClean

NoseNoseOral & Pharyngeal CavityOral & Pharyngeal Cavity

Remove all the Remove all the discharge(Blood & Vomitous)discharge(Blood & Vomitous)

Page 12: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

Place the victim in ¾ th Place the victim in ¾ th prone positionprone position

With head slightly downward & tiled With head slightly downward & tiled to one side so that any vomiting, to one side so that any vomiting, discharge and blood coming in the discharge and blood coming in the mouth or Pharynx should tickly down mouth or Pharynx should tickly down from the mouth or nosefrom the mouth or nose

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VICTIM UNDER SHOCKVICTIM UNDER SHOCKWhat is shock?What is shock?

Difficulty in breathingDifficulty in breathing

When breathing is shallow When breathing is shallow and fast or may be slowand fast or may be slow

Blood Pressure will be low Blood Pressure will be low or may not be recordableor may not be recordable

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Pulse will be rapid and Pulse will be rapid and feeblefeeble

Artificial respiration is Artificial respiration is required in difficulty of required in difficulty of

breathing and shallow breathing and shallow respirationrespiration

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Best method is mouth to Best method is mouth to mouth to respiration that is mouth to respiration that is

kiss to life and by By kiss to life and by By Ambu’s bagAmbu’s bag

Page 16: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

Clean any discharge, blood Clean any discharge, blood or vomitous in the mouth & or vomitous in the mouth & nosenose

Technique for mouth to mouth Technique for mouth to mouth respirationrespiration

With one hand lift the lower With one hand lift the lower jaw forward & with the jaw forward & with the

fingers of the other hand fingers of the other hand pinch the nostril togetherpinch the nostril together

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Take deep breath. Place your Take deep breath. Place your mouth over the victim’s mouth over the victim’s mouth & blow out strongly mouth & blow out strongly the air present in your the air present in your mouthmouth

See the victim’s chest wall See the victim’s chest wall with the corners of the with the corners of the eyes, it should rise as his eyes, it should rise as his lungs are inflatedlungs are inflated

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When there is stoppage of HeartWhen there is stoppage of Heart

Pulse is not recordablePulse is not recordable

Heart beats are not presentHeart beats are not present

If the blood supply is not If the blood supply is not restored within three restored within three minutes, brain will be minutes, brain will be damaged extensively and damaged extensively and victim may die.victim may die.

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Following steps should be Following steps should be taken immediatelytaken immediately

Shout for the help and if Shout for the help and if available for Oxygenavailable for Oxygen

Lay the victim flat on hard Lay the victim flat on hard smooth surfacesmooth surface

Thump the middle of the Thump the middle of the chest firmly once and note chest firmly once and note the time.the time.

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If the heart do not starts If the heart do not starts beating effectively then beating effectively then resuscitate the victim byresuscitate the victim by

External Cardiac massageExternal Cardiac massage

Mouth to Mouth artificial Mouth to Mouth artificial respiration as follows:respiration as follows:

Page 21: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

1.1.Place the patient flat on Place the patient flat on hard smooth surfacehard smooth surface

2.2.Raise his legs Raise his legs

3.3.Knee down on the right Knee down on the right side of the victimside of the victim

4.4.Clear the victim’s air way Clear the victim’s air way by fingers, clean cloth, by fingers, clean cloth, cotton or gaugecotton or gauge

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5.5.Extend the neck and hold Extend the neck and hold chin up.chin up.

6.6.Inflate the lungs of the Inflate the lungs of the victim once by mouth to victim once by mouth to mouth respirationmouth respiration

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Do the external cardiac Do the external cardiac massage as follows:massage as follows:

Place the palm of your Place the palm of your right hand on lower 1/3right hand on lower 1/3rdrd of the sternum of the of the sternum of the victim (middle chest). victim (middle chest).

Rest other hand on top of Rest other hand on top of other hand.other hand.

Keep the arm straightKeep the arm straight

Page 24: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

Press the lower sternum Press the lower sternum vertically backwards vertically backwards once/second with a jerky once/second with a jerky movement. Lift the hand movement. Lift the hand off the chest momentarily off the chest momentarily between two compressions.between two compressions.

The sternumn should move The sternumn should move 1.5 – 2 inch backward with 1.5 – 2 inch backward with each compression.each compression.

Page 25: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

7.7.Inflate the lungs after Inflate the lungs after every eight sternal every eight sternal compressioncompression

This whole process of This whole process of external cardiac massage external cardiac massage and artificial respiration and artificial respiration is called as resuscitation.is called as resuscitation.

Artificial respiration can Artificial respiration can be given by Ambu’s bag be given by Ambu’s bag also.also.

Page 26: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

8.8.Continue the resuscitation Continue the resuscitation till ambulance and other till ambulance and other medical facilities are medical facilities are available.available.

Transfer the patient to Transfer the patient to nearest medical center or nearest medical center or hospital at the earliest.hospital at the earliest.

Page 27: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

DROWNING: ACTION:        Get victim on to dry land with least danger to

yourself. Pull him out while staying on land When bringing victim out of water, his head should be

lower than chest to avoid vomiting leading to inhalation Treat for drowning and effects of cold Prevent and treat low Oxygen - Open airway, check

respiration and pulse, resuscitate, if required. Send him to hospital

Page 28: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

CHOKING

Swallowed foreign body: Eg., food, boiled sweets, may cause :-

a)   Mechanical obstruction b)   Muscle spasm

Page 29: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

CHOKING

Diagnosed by:

• * Difficulty in breathing and speaking * Bluing of skin, signs from casualty – grasping neck, pointing to throat 

Page 30: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

CHOKING

AIM:

Remove obstruction

Page 31: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

CHOKING

1. Bend victim forward, give 5 sharp thrusts between shoulder

blades

2. if fails, try abdominal thrusts

3. Alternate 1 and 2

4. If conscious, lay victim face up on floor, kneel astride & give abdominal thrusts

5. If breathing recovers, place victim in recovery position. If not, resuscitate

 

Page 32: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

INHALATION OF FUMES

1. Smoke inhalation as in fires

2. CO inhalation as in angeethi in closed room

- may cause poisoning

Page 33: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

INHALATION OF FUMES

AIMS:

Restore adequate breathing

Obtain urgent Medical help

Remove victim from danger and into fresh air

Extinguish Fire or burning on clothes

Page 34: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

INHALATION OF FUMES

AIMS:

Do not enter smoke filled room without safety equipment

If unconscious, check breathing and pulse, resuscitate if required.

Give Oxygen

Treat burns/injuries

Page 35: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

 FOR FUMES & GASES

Aims as for Smoke

Page 36: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

 BURNS & SCALDS

BURNS Due to dry heat, corrosive substances,

friction, extreme cold, radiation

eg., Sun’s rays and X-rays.

Page 37: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

SCALDS

Due to wet heat eg;, Hot liquids, vapours.Establish your own safety before attempting to rescue/treat casualty

To stop burning by means of rapid cooling to prevent further damage to tissues, reduce swelling, minimize shock and reduce pain.

Page 38: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

SCALDS

Cover the injury to prevent infection Resuscitate if required.Obtain Medical aid

Page 39: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

SEVERE BURNS

Lay victim down with burnt area away from groundDouse the burn with large amounts of waterDo not over cool – Hypothermia may occur

Page 40: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

SEVERE BURNS

Do not remove anything sticking to the burn – may bleed get infectedCheck airway, breathing, pulse, resuscitate if requiredGently remove rings, watch, belt, shoes or burning clothing from burning area before it swells.

Page 41: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

SEVERE BURNS

Do not remove anything sticking to the burn – may bleed get infectedCheck airway, breathing, pulse, resuscitate if requiredGently remove rings, watch, belt, shoes or burning clothing from burning area before it swells.

Page 42: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

SEVERE BURNS

Cover burns with sterile coveringDo not burst blistersDo not apply lotion, ointment etc.,

Page 43: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

BURNS TO THROAT AND MOUTH

Obtain Medical help immediately

No first aid

Page 44: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

BURNS TO THROAT AND MOUTH

Stop burning, Relieve painMinimize risk of infection

Page 45: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

ELECTRICAL BURNS

Due to lightning, low or high voltage current

may cause cardiac arrestIf unconscious, resuscitate

Page 46: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

ELECTRICAL BURNS

Treat burns and shock Hospitalize Approach victim only when current has been switch offOpen airway, check breathing & pulse, resuscitate

Page 47: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

ELECTRICAL BURNS

Wash with cold waterCover with sterile sheetHospitalize

Page 48: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

CHEMICAL BURNS

Identify and note name of chemicalRemove contact with chemicalWash with water Remove contact with clothingHospitalize 

Page 49: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

CHEMICAL BURNS TO EYES

Hold eye under gently running cold water for 10 minutes If eye is shut due to spasm, gently retract eye lids and wash Cover eye with sterile eye pad Hospitalize

Page 50: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

SUN BURNS

Remove from Sun into cool placeCool skin by sponging or soaking in cold bathFrequent sips of cold water

Page 51: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

SNAKE BITE

Only 2% of world snakes are poisonousDeath due to fright

Page 52: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

SNAKE BITE

AIMS ReassurePrevent spread of venom to body Hospitalize

Page 53: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

SNAKE BITE

1. Lay victim down2. Reassure3. Ask him to stay still & calm 4. Wash wound thoroughly with soap & water5. Secure & support injured patient.6. Hospitalize7. Do not apply tourniquet, cut with knife or

attempt to remove venom

Page 54: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

SEVERE EXTERNAL BLEEDING

1. If patient has any sores or open wounds keep them covered with water proof adhesive dressing.Use disposable gloves/wash your hand with soap and water before & after treatment.

2. Control bleeding 3. Prevent shock 4. Minimize rise of infection5. Hospitalize

Page 55: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

SEVERE EXTERNAL BLEEDING

1. Remove or cut clothing to expose wound 2. Pressure packing 3. Raise & support an injured limb above level of heart.

Handle gently if suspecting fracture.4. Lay victim down to minimize shock5. Bandage over packing6. Support injured part as for broken bone7. Hospitalize

Page 56: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

SCALP WOUNDS

1. Very vascular – profuse bleeding2.  3. Disposable gloves – replace skin flap4. Firm direct pressure over sterile dressing or clean pad5. Secure dressing6. If conscious – lay him down with head & shoulders slightly

raised. If unconscious,- lay him in recovery position7. Hospitalize

Page 57: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

PALM WOUNDS

Cotton pad over wound & fold finger, pack& bandage from above

Page 58: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

INTERNAL BLEEDING

- H/O injury /signs of shock without much blood loss. Bruise at site of injury/Bleed from body orifices.

Page 59: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

INTERNAL BLEEDING

 

1. Treatment:2. Foot end elevation3. Hospitalize4. If unconscious, recovery position5. Note: Amount of bleed, type of bleed, source of

blood loss

Page 60: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

BLEEDING FROM EAR

Mostly due to rupture of eardrum, due to foreign body, blow to side of head, explosionSometimes midbrain injury – CSF otorrhoea.  - sharp pain – earache & deafness

Page 61: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

BLEEDING FROM EAR

TREATMENT

1. Do not plug ear2. Half-sitting position with face towards side of injury to

allow drainage3. Light sterile packing4. Hospitalize

Page 62: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

NOSE BLEED

Due to blow to nose, sneezing, nose pick, High B.P, Forceful blowing of nose 

Page 63: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

NOSE BLEED

 TREATMENT

1. Victim made to sit with head forward2. Ask victim to breathe through mouth & to pinch nose below the

bridge.3. Ask him not to exert, cough, speak, swallow, spit or sniff – may

disturb clot.4. Release pressure after 20 minutes. If still bleeding, reapply pressure.5. Once bleeding stops, clean nose & mouth with warm water while

victim leans forward

Page 64: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

ORAL BLEED

1. Due to cut tongue, lips, oral mucosa.2. Victim made to sit, leaning forward & inclined towards the

injured side, to allow drainage3. Pressure with sterile gauze pad4. Avoid hot liquids for 12 hrs.

Page 65: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

EYE WOUND

Diagnosis

Pain with spasm in affected eyeVisible wound with bleedingRed eye

Page 66: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

EYE WOUND

TREATMENT: 1. Lay victim on back, holding head straight 2. Ask victim not to move eyes3. Cover injured eye with sterile pad4. Hospitalize5. Do not attempt to remove embedded foreign body

Page 67: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

MINOR EXTERNAL BLEEDING

Minimize infection 1. Wash your hand with soap & water2. Clean dirty wound by rinsing in water3. Sterile swab used to dry4. Sterile gauge used to cover 

Page 68: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

BONE, JOINT & MUSCLE INJURIES

1. Steady & support injured part with hand2. Find more permanent support for injured part

Soft tissue injury benefits from padding and firm bandaging

Fracture needs splinting. Uninjured part of victim acts as support

3. If a broken bone lies within a large bulk of tissue eg., thigh, treat for shock

4. Hospitalize

Page 69: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

INJURIES

a) Fracture b) Dislocationc) Soft tissue injuries

i. Sprain – Partial tearing of muscle at musculo-tendinous junction

ii. Rupture iii. Deep bruising

Page 70: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

INJURIES

 

DIAGNOSIS:H/O TraumaH/O snapping sound at time of injurySharp pain of muscle tearDifficulty in moving a limb normally or at allPain at or near site of injuryDistortion, swelling or bruisingSign of shock

Page 71: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

INJURIES

 

MANAGEMENT:- Prevent movement, Hospitalize Do not move casualty until injured part is secured & supported, unless he is in dangerDo not give anything to eat or drinkTell victim to be still until injured part has been immobilized

Page 72: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

INJURIES

Secure injured part to sound part of body Upper limb against trunk with sling and bandagingLower limb against sound limb

 Hospitalize

Page 73: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

OPEN FRACTURES WITH WOUND

Get help to support limb while you work on woundCover wound with sterile dressingPressure to stop bleedingCover wound with cotton padIf bone is projecting, build up pads of cotton & bandage it upImmobilizeDial for ambulance

Page 74: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

 SOFT TISSUE INJURIES

Reduce swelling & painMedical attendance

Page 75: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

 SOFT TISSUE INJURIES

1. Rest, steady & support injured part in most comfortable position

2. If recent injury, ice pack3. Gentle pressure with cotton pad – secure with

bandage4. Raise & support limb5. Hospitalize

Page 76: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

FRACTURE COLLAR BONE /SHOULDER DISLOCATION FRACTURE UPPER ARM

Immobilize upper limb on injured sideHospitalize

Page 77: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

FRACTURE COLLAR BONE /SHOULDER DISLOCATION FRACTURE UPPER ARM

1. Sit victim down – place arm on injured side across chest

2. Elevation sling3. Secure with bandage over sling4. Hospitalize

Support injured limb

Hospitalize

Page 78: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

INJURY AROUND ELBOW

Immobilize A.Lay him down

a)Soft padding between limb and bodyb)Bandage injured limb to trunk at wrist

and Hip and above and below elbow

Page 79: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

INJURIES TO FOREARM AND WRIST

Sit victim down, Support fore arm across chest Treat woundSurround and cradle fore arm in paddingSupport in arm slingHospitalizeArrange removal to Hospital

Page 80: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

INJURIES TO HAND AND FINGER

Support and elevate handPaddingBandagingSling

Arrange removal to Hospital

Page 81: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

FRACTURE RIB CAGE

Support Chest wallCover & seal chest wound Lay victim down on injured side with elevation sling

Hospitalize

Page 82: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

KNEE JOINT

Protect knees Victim lying down, support knee in more comfortable positionWrap with soft padding around jointHospitalizeDo not forcefully straighten knee

Do not give anything to drinkDo not let him walk

Page 83: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

INJURY TO LEG

Immobilize Padding between legsStrapping both knees together 

Hospitalize

Page 84: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

SPINAL INJURY

When only spinal column is damageda)Pain in neck or back at level of injuryb)Twist or step in normal curvature of

spinec)Tenderness in spine

Page 85: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

SPINAL INJURY

When spinal cord is also injured a) Weak or absent limb movementb) Loss of sensationc) Abnormal sensationd) Difficult breathing

Page 86: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

SPINAL INJURY

AIM -Prevent further injury

Do not move victim unless he is in danger or is unconsciousReassureKeep head in neutral positionHospitalize

Page 87: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

INJURIES TO THIGH & HIP

Immobilize from chest to toes, using splint from armpit to toe

Page 88: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

POISONING

PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT

1) Removal of unabsorbed toxic substance from the body

2) Use of antidotes3) Eliminatory of toxic substance absorbed into

systems4) Treatment of General symptoms

Page 89: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

POISONING

REMEOVAL OF UNABSORBED TOXIC SUBSTANCE :

• Remove patient into fresh air• Artificial respiration, if required• O2 inhalation @ 6-8 l/min.• Mask• Nasal catheter

Page 90: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

POISONING

IF CONTRACT OF TOXIC SUBSTANCE WITH SKIN/EYES & IF CLOTHING IS CONTAMINATED:

Remove clothing Wash skin Acid Burns washed with water & Alkali for 20

minutes

Page 91: FIRST AID INEMERGENCY V.V.L.N.S.N.Gupta. AIM To prevent the severity of Any injury Any injury Poisoning Poisoning.

POISONING

IF TOXIC SUBSTANCE HAS BEEN SWALLOWED:

Stomach lavage within 2-5 hrs. of ingestion