First Aid CPR AED CHS - Health Chapter 27

VideoAmerican Red Cross Introduction (2:31)

Pair-Share

What is First Aid?

First Aid Immediate, temporary care given to an ill or

injured person until professional medical care can be provided.

Save A Life!

3 steps in responding to an emergency:

Any guesses? 3 C’s: C ___________

C ___________ C ___________

Respond - The 3 C’s

CHECK CALL CARE

CHECK● The scene

o Is it safe for YOU to enter? o What can you gather from the surroundings that might help you infer

what happened?o Examples of an unsafe scene?

● The victim(s)o Unconscious? Life-threatening condition?

Need IMMEDIATE care! Only move a victim if he/she is in direct physical danger

Checking an Unconscious Adult and Child (3:36)

CALL

● YOU call or tell someone else at the scene to call - 911!

CARE● Gain CONSENT from victim if possible.

o Child under the the age of 18 - need consent from a parent/guardian

o Unconscious victim? - Implied consent

● Good Samaritan Lawso LOOK IT UP! … Book, cell phone, ask your neighbor!

Good Samaritan Laws

Statutes that protect rescuers from being sued for giving emergency care.

CARE● Use Standard (Universal) Precautions

Steps taken to prevent the spread of disease through blood and other body fluids when providing first aid or health care.

o Any examples?o Sterile gloves, breathing barrier, washing hands

First Aid - Wounds

4 Types of Wounds

AbrasionLacerationPunctureAvulsion

Abrasion - Laceration - Puncture - Avulsion

1. Also known as a scrape; Skin is scraped against a hard surface, breaking the surface of the skin.

2. A small, but deep hole caused by a sharp and narrow object.

3. Skin or tissue is partly or completely torn away. Usually require stitches.

4. Caused by a sharp object slicing through layers of skin.

Pair -Share

Any memories??

Share a personal story with your neighbor!

First Aid - Bleeding

● Use Standard Precautions ● IF bleeding is severe, call 911 first before taking these next steps:

1. Wash wound thoroughly 2. Raise wounded part above heart level3. Cover wound with sterile gauze or cloth4. Put pressure on the gauze- do not stop to check

wound5. Apply more gauze if needed6. 5 min - if wound continues to bleed, call 911

First Aid - Bleeding

Caution: Video shows use of fake blood/make-up!

Controlling External Bleeding (2:28)

First Aid - Muscles, Bones & Joints

Fracture - a break in a boneDislocation - a separation of a bone from its normal

position in a joint

R.I.C.E Rest, Immobilize ,Cold , Elevate

Injuries to Muscles, Bones and Joints (1:41)

First Aid - Burns

Caused by HEAT - flame, hot objects, scalding hot water or steam, electricity, certain chemicals or over exposure to the sun

Superficial Burn(1st degree) Partial- Thickness Burn(2nd degree)

Full-Thickness Burn (3rd degree)

Superficial Burn (1st Degree)● Minor burns involving only the outer layer of the skin called the epidermis. ● Symptoms

o Red skin, possible swelling & pain

CARE (All 1st degree & some 2nd degree)

1. Cool the burned area by holding it under cool running water for at least 5 minutes

a. If not possible, immerse burn in cool water or wrap in cool cloth

b. DO NOT USE ICE! 2. Cover burn loosely with sterile gauze/bandage3. OTC pain reliever

Partial-Thickness (2nd Degree)● Burns involving the epidermis and the underlying layers of the skin called

the dermis. ● Symptoms

o Very red skin, blisters, severe pain and swelling.

● May require medical attention

CARE

1. Follow same steps for 1st degree 2. If signs of infection develop

(increased pain, redness, fever, swelling or oozing) Seek medical help.

3. If a sever 2nd burn - call 911

Full-Thickness (3rd Degree)● Severe burns involving all layers of the skin and may penetrate tissue. ● Symptoms

o Possible charred black or white and dry skin, possible visible muscle and/or bone.

● Requires medical attentionCARE

1. Call 9112. Cover burned area with a clean

moist cloth 3. DO NOT remove burned

clothing unless it is still smoldering

4. Do NOT immerse large burned area in cool water - victim can go into shock.

Sudden Illness - Jigsaw Notes

Home base group of 6, each group member will choose a number to become an expert on! Experts will meet in a like group to discuss their topic, and will

then report back to their home base to teach the rest of the group. You will have 5 minutes in your expert groups!

1. Nose Bleeds2. Fainting

3. Poisoning4. Animal & Snake Bites

5. Concussion6. Unconsciousness

Sudden Illness Quiz

1. When treating a nose bleed how long do you attempt to stop the

bleeding before seeking medical help?

2. What are the first aid steps for someone who faints?

3. What is the first step to take in any case of suspected poisoning?

4. What are the basics of treating an animal bite?

5. What exactly is a concussion?

6. If you find someone who is unconscious what are the first three

things you should do?

First Aid - Allergic ReactionsAllergy - a specific reaction of the immune system to a foreign and frequently

harmless substance● Allergens include (not limited to):

o Pollen, certain foods, dust, mold spores, chemicals, insect venom, animal dander and certain medications.

● Common reactions - sneezing/runny nose● Serious reactions - life-threatening symptoms

o Severe hives, itching, swelling of an area, difficulty breathing/swallowing, swelling of tongue/mouth/eyes, sharp drop in blood pressure

Anyone know the most common cause of food allergies? NUTS

What is the most dangerous reaction to an allergy known as?

Anaphylaxis

Epi Pen Demonstration

Life-threatening allergic reactions (anaphylaxis) will most likely require the use of an Epi Pen. It is a self-injectable device that contains Epinephrine.

Inject into outer thigh - Epinephrine will be delivered through the muscle and into the bloodstream to combat

the allergic reaction Epi Pen - 0.3 mg (typically)Epi Pen Jr. - 0.15 mg (typically)

First Aid - ShockA life-threatening condition in which the heart is not delivering an

adequate supply of blood to the body.

Symptoms Include:● Cold, Clammy skin, which may appear pale or grayish● Weak, rapid pulse and altered breathing● Dull, staring eyes, which may have dilated pupils● Fainting, weakness, confusion, or loss of consciousness

Recognizing & Caring for Shock (1:52)

First Aid - Stroke An acute injury in which blood flow to the brain is interrupted-

can be caused by a hemorrhage or a clot

Learn how to spot the signs of a stroke - use the acronym F.A.S.T.

Face - Ask victim to smile, one side of the face may droop.Arm - Ask victim to raise both arms, one arm may become weak or numbSpeech - Ask victim to speak a simple sentence. Speech may be slurred.Time - to call 911, if someone shows any of these symptoms… even if they go away. Note the time when symptoms were first noticed.

First Aid - Choking

Choking occurs when an object is stuck in a person’s windpipe, cutting of the flow of oxygen.

What is the universal sign for choking? (On the count of 3 demonstrate it …...1,2,3!)

First Aid - Conscious ChokingSymptoms/signs of choking include:

Difficulty breathing, inability to breathe easily, inability to cough forcefully, face or lips turning blue/purple and possible loss of consciousness.

First Aid -● If the person can cough, encourage them to “keep coughing”.

o They may be able to dislodge the item themselves● If a person is clearly choking and needs assistance, call 911.● Gain consent from the victim if they are conscious. ● Alternate 5 abdominal thrusts followed by 5 back blows● If the person loses consciousness, lower them to the ground. ● Continue care for choking with modified CPR.

Conscious Choking - Adult & Child (2:25)Conscious Choking - Infant (1:56)

First Aid - Unconscious Choking

Adult and Child● Use modified CPR● CPR, finger/pinkie sweep for dislodged item after your chest compressions

Infant● Same care as conscious choking ● 5 back blows, followed by 5 chest compressions (using 2-3 fingers)

What would you do with a pregnant or large individual? Discuss with your neighbor ….

Cardiac Emergencies

Cardiac Chain of Survival A sequence of actions that maximize the victim’s chance of survival.

Cardiac Emergencies

Occurs when the heart does not function properly, and blood does not reach the brain and vital organs

Most common Cardiac Emergencies:Heart Attack (Circulation Issue)Cardiac Arrest (Electrical Issue)

The Heart's Electrical System (5:35)

CPR - Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Basic Cycle of CPR: 30 Compressions, 2 Rescue Breaths

Recognizing & Caring for Cardiac Emergencies (4:28)CPR - Adult & Child (7:46)

AdultCompress at least 2

inches 2 rescue breaths (1sec)

ChildCompress about 2 inches2 rescue breaths (1 sec)

InfantCompress 1 ½ inches

Use 2-3 fingers 2 Rescue breaths (1 sec)

AED - Automated External Defibrillator

A device that delivers an electric shock to the heart to restore its normal rhythm

Using an AED (4:45)

Silent Reading & Assessment

● Chapter 27, Lesson #4 (pg #778-783 o HW - “Reviewing Facts & Vocabulary” #1-3o HW - “Thinking Critically” #4 & #5