First Aid Chapter 1( Part 1)
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Transcript of First Aid Chapter 1( Part 1)
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FIRST AID CHAPTER 1( PART 1)
What Is FIRST AID ??
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WHAT IS FIRST AID ??
The FIRST assistance given to someonewho has been injured.
To cover an extremely varied range ofscenarious.
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THE GOAL OF FIRST AID
To keep the casualty alive
To stop the casualty getting worse
To promote the recovery To promote reassurance and confortable to
the casualty
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WHAT TO DO IN AN EMERGENCY?
D - Danger
R - Response
S - Shout
A - Airway
B - Breathing
C - Circulation
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DANGER
Keep yourself out of danger
Keep passer-by out of danger
Make safe any hazards without endangeringyourself and other
ONLY MOVE THE CASUALTY AWAYFROM DANGER IN EXTREMECIRCUMSTANCE.
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RESPONSE
Try to establish the responsiveness lever
If the casualty appear unconscious orsemi-conscious speak loudly to them.Etc.. Sir, can you hear me ?
If this fail to response , tap them firmly on theshoulder .
Check the responsiveness lever by AVPU.
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SHOUT!
If the step above fail.
Shout loudly to passers for help with thesituation.
Ask the passers for help to make a call to theemergency service. ( If there is not enoughfirst aider around )
Stay with the casualty until the trained aidsarrive
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AIRWAY
Check the mouth and remove any visibleobvious obstructions , such as food that areFORNT OF THE MOUTH ONLY.
Doing the head tilt chin lift to prevent theunconscious casualtys airway been block by
the tongue.
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BREATHING
Using the method of Look, Listen, Feel andCheck.
Look to see the chest is moving
Listen for breathing sound from the airway. Feel the air movement y placing your ear
close to their face.
If the life signal; is NEGATIVE ideally to callan ambulance and start the respirationprocedures.
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CIRCULATION
Check for coughing, breathing, or anymovement.
NEVER waste your time o find an pulseunless you are highly experience inmedicine.
If the life signal is negative start chest
compression (if you train to do so)
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CALLING FOR HELP !(VIA PHONE)
The emergency service is FREE for allkinds of phone.
INFORMATION FOR THEEMENGNCE SERVICE
Weather the casualtyis conscious by(DRSABC)
Your location ( a landmark more)
Your name
What is the problemand what timehappened
If is relevant , statethe no and about theage of casualty.
Report the hazards Wait for the
VITAL NUMBER
Some nationalemergency service no.
UK: 999 US:911 Australia:000 On mobile ,use
these no. or 112( please refer toyour network)
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MAKING YOUR ASSESSMENT
Once you have check DRABC and it isfunctioning, now you have more time toaddress the casualty specific problems.
They may simple and straight forward.
You may know what incident happened bylooking, feeling ,and questioning the casualty
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TAKING A HISTORYAsk their name. It
is very comfortingto be called by
name, and usefulto use if the
casualty starts tolose
consciousness.
Ask children theirage and if they areold enough to hold
information, askthem how you cancontact a parent or
career
What is the problem
? Let the casualty totalk for a while.As about somethingrelated to differencesystem of body tofind out what is
really happening
Ask about
known medicalproblem such asheart attack orstroke whichmay give youclue as what
has happenedthis time
Ask for informationabout any medication
they are currentlytaking and whether
they have any knownallergies
Ask they what theyate last , if they are
going to need anemergency
surgery, this is avery importancequestion, and it
may also be vitalsif they have a
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SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
Symptoms
-what can the casualty tell you about their injuries orillness?
Visual Sign-What can you see in relationship to the casualtycondition?
Other sign
-what can you feel ,smell ,hear in relation to thecasualty
Vital sign
-Sum up the casualty general information.
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EXAMINE THE CASUALTY BY HEAD TO TOE
CHECKING
Head
Neck
Chest Abdomen
Pelvis
Arms and Legs Lower back
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HEAD EXAMINATION
Check for swelling ,depression ,cuts andbleeding.
Check the mouth for object or fluids.
Smell the casualty mouth for alcohol
Check the size of pupil if you have been trainso.
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NECK
Make sure clothing is not thigh.
Check for medical ID tag.
Working very gentle ,feel along the back ofthe neck ,without moving the head forswelling and tenders.
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CHEST
Is the chest moving normally? Are there verytender place over the ribs? If there is objectstuck in the chest , leave it there. Feel the
collarbones for tenderness and swelling.
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ABDOMEN
Feel stomach gently for any large swelling ortender places. If the casualty is conscious,they will flinch, moan or cry out if you touch
an area is painful.
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LOWER BACK
If you suspect a spinal injuries, from thecircumference of the accident from thecasualty says, DO NOT TRY EXAMINE
CASUALTY BACK.
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PELVIS
Note any tender over the hips. Maintain avery light touch because a pelvis injuries canbe excruciatingly painful.
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ARMS AND LEGS
Look for injuries. Ask weather the casualtyfeel you touching their arm and legs. Askthem to grab your hand.
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Video here .
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ACCESS CAR
Early call forexpert help
Early CPR byfirst Aider
Helper
Earlydefibrillation
byparamedics
Earlyadvancedcardiac life
support.
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BASIC LIFE SUPPORT FOR UNRESPONSIVE
CASUALTY
Follow the step of DRABC .If the casualty Inot breathing for up to 10 sec, give tworescue breath.
Check for sign of circulation for up to 10 sec,then began with 30 compression.
Now give 2 rescue breath and 30
compression until the casualty waken or theparamedics arrive.
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WHAT TO DO IF THE CASUALTY WAKEN UP??
Turn the casualty into recovery position.
Video here.
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CHOKING
Clearing the airway
Conscious casualty:
1. Back slaps, if coughing alone will not shiftthe obstruction.
2. Abdominal thrusts.
For unconscious casualty:-Chest trust
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CHOKING
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TRANSPORTATION
Type of transportation to move the casualtyway from the danger.
-Dragging(for unconscious casualty)
-fore and aft method
-blanket lift
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DRAGGING METHOD
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FORE AND AFT METHOD
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BLANKET LIFT
1. With the casualty placed on their side, and theblanket edge roller up lengthways, position the rollagainst the casualtys bask.
2. Move the casualty over the rolled edge, on to their
other side. Make sure the casualty's head isn'tclosed to the edge.
3. Roll up the other long edge of the blanket. The twohelpers on their either side of the casualty grap the
roll firmly with both side.4. Slowly and carefully lift the casualty, with head and
neck supported. Helpers move in same direction.
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