First Age of Empires 1570 -200 BCE. New Kingdom of Egypt (1570-1075 BCE) more wealth and power...
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Transcript of First Age of Empires 1570 -200 BCE. New Kingdom of Egypt (1570-1075 BCE) more wealth and power...
First Age of
Empires1570 -200 BCE
New Kingdom of Egypt (1570-1075 BCE)
• more wealth and power• Valley of the Kings
– New burial site for pharaohs
• Queen Hatshepsut reigned 1472-1458 BCE
• Encouraged trade• Step-son, Thutmose III
becomes pharaoh– War-like ruler– Led invasions into
Palestine, Syria, and Nubia
– Expanded territory– Gained much wealth &
new technology
Ramses II
-Last powerful pharaoh of the New Kingdom-fought in the Battle of Kadesh
-resulted in peace treaty between the Egyptians and Hittites
During Egyptian rule, nobles from Nubia sent their children to Egyptian cities & when they
returned, they brought Egyptian culture back to Nubia
-religion
-literature/hieroglyphics
-customs
Kingdom of Kush & the Nubians
-Egypt slowly crumbles after Ramses II -Libya takes over
-Nubians tried to push out the Libyan rulers & return Egyptian culture
-defeated the Libyans in 751 BCE under the Kushite King Piankhi-He ruled Egypt & Nubia
-Nubians saw selves as the guardians of the Egyptian values
Meroe-major city of Kush
-golden age through trade in Africa, Arabia, and India
671 BCE – Kushites lose Egypt to Assyrians & retreat back to
Nubia
Assyrians
• Military power– Ladders– Iron weapons– Tunnels– Brutal tactics– Mass deportation
• Controlled empire through military power, taxes, & making the provinces dependent upon the Assyrians
Persians
• Origin = modern-day Iran
• Cyrus– First king of Persian
Empire– Expanded territory
• Honored local customs & religions
• Granted certain freedoms to subject peoples
• Showed kindness towards conquered people
Persian Rule
• Dynasty rule• Satraps
– Governor of a province within the empire– Carried out the laws of the King
• Inspectors– “King’s eyes & ears”– Ensured satrap’s loyalty
• Royal Road– 1,677 miles long road connecting empire
• Standardized money
Zoroaster
• Persian prophet & religious reformer
• Developed Zoroastrianism– Religion based on a final judgement
• Goodness=ascend to paradise• Evil=doomed to the underworld
Persian Legacy
• Tolerance
• Strong government– Satraps
• Roads
• Zoroasterianism
China
• Under the Zhou Dynasty, during the Warring Period, several philosophies developed– Confucius– Laozi– Legalism– Yin and Yang
Confucius
• Believed social order, harmony, and good government could be restored if society was organized around 5 basic relationships.– 1) ruler & subject– 2) father & son– 3) husband & wife– 4) older brother & younger
brother– 5) friend & friend
Laozi
• Do not strive for fame, power, or wisdom
• Follow the “Dao” or way– Daoism
• Humans are the only thing in nature that has to argue between right and wrong– Which is pointless
Legalism
• Government should use the law to end civil disorder and restore harmony
• Stressed punishment more than rewards
Yin and Yang
• Yin = represents earth, female, and passive
• Yang = represents heaven, male, and active
• Together = represents natural rhythms of life and complement each other
Qin Dynasty (221-202 BCE)• Legalist• Autocracy rule
– Unlimited powers for the “emperor”• Halted internal battles and crushed resistance
– Killed hundreds of Confucian scholars– Burned the “useless” books of Confucian ideas
• Defeated invaders• Seized land and uprooted the nobles to the capital city
– He can keep an eye on them– He took their land
• Forced labor on roads, irrigation systems, and the Great Wall of China
• Standardized weights & measurements
Results of the Qin Dynasty
• Wealth in trade
• Increased farming production
• Kept out invaders
• Unified China
Unified China came at the expense of
what?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RsUE-ZtcUFg