First 2 years Biosocial Development
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Transcript of First 2 years Biosocial Development
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FIRST 2 YEARS BIOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
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WHAT IS BIOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT?
• Body• Brain• Senses• Good health
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HOW DOES THE BODY CHANGE IN THE FIRST 2 YEARS?
1 year old 2 year old
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HOW MUCH DOES THE CHILD GROW?
• 2X birth weight by 4 months• 3X birth weight by age 1• 4X birth weight by age 2
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WHAT IS HEAD SPARING?
• If starving, the body stops growing, but not the brain• The brain is the last part of the body to be
damaged by malnutritionIntrauterine Growth Restriction
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SLEEP
• Good sleep = good health• Newborns sleep 15 – 17 hours• REM sleep• Rapid eye movement• Flickering of closed eyes• Rapid brain waves
• Dreaming• ½ of newborn sleep is REM sleep• Declines with age
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DO YOU REMEMBER?
• How much does a child grow by age two?• What is head sparing?• What is REM sleep?• How does REM sleep relate to dreaming and age?
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BRAIN DEVELOPMENT
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WHAT ARE NEURONS?• Basic nerve cell in central nervous system• Axons• Dendrites• Synapses
• Intersection on neurons (axons & dendrites)• Neurotransmitters• Chemical messengers• Carry information from one neuron to another
• Transient Exuberance & Pruning• Transient Exuberance – Increases dendrites• Pruning – Misconnected dendrites atrophy and die
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BRAIN STRUCTURE
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WHAT DOES THE BRAIN STEM DO?
• Automatic responses• Heartbeat• Breathing• Temperature
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WHAT DOES THE BRAIN CORTEX DO?
• Outer layer of the brain• Activities• Thinking• Feeling• Sensing
• Visual• Auditory• Sensory• Motor
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WHAT DOES THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX DO?
• Last to develop• Self-control of impulses• Reasoning• Analysis• Ethics• Plans• Anticipates
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DO YOU REMEMBER?
• What are neurons?• What are synapses?• What do neurotransmitters do?• What does the brain stem do?• What does the brain cortex do?• What does the prefrontal cortex do?
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EXPERIENCE
• Expectant Experience• All infants• The brain naturally expects to learn some things• E.g. learning language
• Dependent Experience• Culture based• E.g. Which language is learned
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WHAT IS SHAKEN BABY SYNDROME?
• Life threatening• Blood vessels rupture in the brain• Neural connections beak• “Abusive Head Trauma”
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SENSORY & MOTOR SKILLS
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SENSATION-PERCEPTION-COGNITION
• Sensation• Detects stimulus
• Perception• Processes the stimulus• Based on experience• This is a rattlesnake
• Cognition (Thinking)• Gives meaning to the stimulus• Dangerous! – move away
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WHAT MOTOR SKILLS DEVELOP?
• Gross motor skills• Large muscles• E.g. walking• Muscle strength• Brain maturation (Motor cortex)• Practice
• Fine motor skills• Small muscles• E.g writing
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DO YOU REMEMBER?
• What is expectant and dependent experience?• What is the “shaken baby syndrome”?• What is the difference between sensation,
perception, and cognition?• What are examples of gross and fine motor skills?
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VISION
• Least developed at birth
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WHAT CREATES GOOD HEALTH?
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IMMUNIZATION (VACCINATIONS)• Creates antibodies for specific contagious diseases by
stimulating the immune system.• The flu• Chicken pox• Polio• DPT• Diphtheria• Tetanus• Pertussis
• MMR• Mumps• Measles• Rubella
• Risk of disease is much greater than risk from immunization
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BREAST FEEDING
• Breast is best• Colostrum• High calorie fluid – first 3 days
• Milk• Rich in iron & vitamins• Provides antibodies (if mother has antibodies)• Decreases risk of allergies, asthma, and stomach aches• Decreases risk of obesity and heart disease in adulthood
(many other factors involved)
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DO YOU REMEMBER?
• What is the least developed sense at birth?• What are some of the basic immunizations a child
should receive?• How do the risks from disease relate to the risks
from immunization?• What is the difference between colostrum and
milk?
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