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firetestingtechnology

firetestingtechnology

ISO9001:2015QualityManagement

ISO14001:2015EnvironmentalManagement

P A R T O F J U D G E S S C I E N T I F I C P L C

Unit 19, Charlwoods Road, East GrinsteadWest Sussex, RH19 2HL, United Kingdom.

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T: +44 (0)1342 323600F: +44 (0)1342 323608

The release of the new iCone2+,marks the next generation of FTT’s iCone range.

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FIRE TESTING TECHNOLOGY

Established in 1989 by instrumentation engineerStephen Upton and fire scientist Stephen Grayson,Fire Testing Technology Limited (FTT) was the firstcompany in the world to specialise in themanufacture, supply and maintenance of reaction tofire testing instrumentation.

Today, FTT is internationally recognised as the world’sleading supplier of fire testing instrumentation andhave supplied the majority of leading fire researchgroups and testing laboratories around the world. Ourdirectors and senior researchers participate in UK, ISO,CEN and ASTM standardisation committees to ensurethat our instruments are always compliant. Theseinclude: committees dealing with constructionproducts, electro technical products, furnishing

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About usproducts and transport applications for instrumentssuch as the Cone Calorimeter, NBS Smoke DensityChamber, and the new FAA MicroCalorimeter etc.

FTT is pleased to offer its clients a full professionalservice, commencing with an informed discussion ofrequirements, followed by the assembly of individualinstruments, manufactured to order in our ownproduction facility. All software is written andupdated by FTT engineers and can be customised tomeet a specific client brief. FTT’s engineers will takecare of the complete installation of fire testingequipment at the client site, with training andsupport offered to instrument users where required,as part of our comprehensive postsales service.

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New and existing fire testing instrumentation usersare welcome to visit us at our UK facility in EastGrinstead – close to London Gatwick Airport, for onsite demonstrations and training. Our engineersare also able to advise on the most suitable layout ofa fire testing laboratory, including detailedspecifications for instrument location, energy andextraction requirements.

Through our worldwide network of agents, FTT provides support to clients, be they test houses,universities or product manufacturers, wherever theyare in the world. Tailored to your requirements andfinancial budget, FTT will provide a full, value formoney service, and an expert partnership, that’s withyou at every stage of the process.

To further demonstrate our commitment tocontinually improve our systems and procedureswithin the business, FTT has been awarded ISO9001:2015 and ISO 14001:2015 certification by UKASthrough the British Standards Institute (BSI). Thisachievement endorses our ability to meet the higheststandards possible, in the delivery of both ourproducts and services.

If you have any suggestions on how we can improve our services, please contact us at: [email protected]

Accreditation and compliance servicesFTT provides full lab design, training and consultation on getting labsaccredited. You can count on FTT to deliver seamless compliancesolutions that minimize your regulatory risk and harmonise yourcompliance program across your entire lab or enterprise – even coveringother manufacturers’ instruments.

ISO9001:2015QualityManagement

ISO14001:2015EnvironmentalManagement



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Rely on FTT to service, calibrate andmaximise instrument efficiencywhilst you focus on what you dobest, knowing every working daythat you can count on the efficiencyand reliability of your instruments.FTT’s experienced service andsupport team can help you throughGold, Silver or Bronze serviceprograms. Each program isdesigned for customers withdifferent requirements but are allfocussed to maximise theperformance of your instruments,minimise downtime, and optimiseyour laboratory productivity.

Regularly servicing yourinstruments will ensure continuedperformance to the specifications

defined in appropriate Internationaland National standards relating toyour instruments. FTT offers thethree service program summarisedin the table below, so that you canreadily identify the one that fitsyour needs and budget.

Our software solutions can makeyour existing instruments moreefficient by providing dataacquisition, data analysis andreport writing facilities.

Option Bronze Silver Gold

Telephone & email support Yes Yes Yes

Onsite visits 1 2 2

Discount on spares and additional labour days 5% 10% 15%

Discount on calibrations 5% 10% N/A

Software updatea Yes Yes Yes

Software upgradesb No No Yes

Rotational calibrationc No No Yes

a Software updates are issues under the same major release number (for example 3.2 to 3.3)

b Software upgrades are issues between major release number (for example 3.2 to 4.0)

c Replacement calibrated transducers will be provided annually

Technical support at work for youHave you a hardware, software, application,instrument repair or troubleshooting question?

FTT’s fire scientists and technical experts areavailable to answer your questions. With years offire testing experience, our technical supportspecialists can provide advice based on indepthknowledge and experience.

For questions pertaining to supplies found in thiscatalogue, contact our authorised distributor oremail us on [email protected]

Global InstrumentService & support


EU ConstructionProducts

EU Electric Cables

EU Railway

EU Roofing

US Transportation

Plastics

Aviation

Heat Release

Smoke Production

Flame Spread

Ignitability

Combustion GasAnalysis/Toxicity

Fire Resistance

© 2019 Fire Testing Technology Limited.All Rights Reserved. Due to FTT’s commitment to continuousdevelopment, technical specifications/products can change withoutprior notice. We reserve the rights to amend these specificationswithout any prior notice.

This is a digital version of the full catalogue. There are hyperlinksavailable to help you navigate the pages. If you click the arrow in thedocument icon on the colour tabs to the right of this page, you willbe taken to the first page of each section. On the contents pages (6 and 7), if you click any line you will be taken to the first page ofthe relevant product.

To return to the contents pages you can click the tabs on the righthand margin and you will be linked back to the contents.

Tab GuideTo help you navigate our catalogue, FTT have added colour coded tabsto pages. These tabs will help you navigate to the product/standard youare looking for, based on their industry sector.

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Contents

Instrument Listing by Industry SectorsEuropean CPR: Wall, Ceiling, Flooring and Linear Pipe Thermal Insulation Products ................................................. 9New European Fire Testing Classification for Construction Products ....................................................................... 11European CPR: Electric Cables................................................................................................................................... 21European Cable Testing and Classification ............................................................................................................... 23European Railway...................................................................................................................................................... 29Fire Classifications and Fire Test Methods for the European Railway Industry ........................................................ 31European Roofing Products....................................................................................................................................... 49US Transportation ..................................................................................................................................................... 51Plastics....................................................................................................................................................................... 53Aviation ..................................................................................................................................................................... 55

Instrument Listing by Fire Test ParametersiCone2+ Calorimeter................................................................................................................................................... 57iCone mini and iCone classic..................................................................................................................................... 71FTT Single Burning Item (SBI) (EN 13823) ................................................................................................................. 85Common test methods for cables under fire conditions (EN 50399; IEC 603323) .................................................. 91Large Scale Oxygen Consumption Calorimetry – Room Corner Test (ISO 9705; EN 14390; ASTM D5424;

ASTM D5537; ASTM E603; ASTM E1537; ASTM E1590; ASTM E1822; NFPA 265; UL 1685; NT FIRE 25; NT FIRE 32) ..................................................................................................................................... 101

OSU Rate of Heat Release Apparatus (FAR 25.853 (a1); ASTM E906) ................................................................... 107Fire Propagation Apparatus (ASTM E2058; FM 4910) ............................................................................................ 111

Smoke ProductionNBS Smoke Density Chamber (ASTM E662; BS 6401; NFPA 258) ............................................................................ 115The 3 Metre Cube (IEC 61034; BS 6853; BS 6724; BS 7622) ................................................................................... 119Density of Smoke from the Burning or Decomposition of Plastics (ASTM D2843) ................................................. 123Smoke Density Photometric System (DIN 50055) .................................................................................................. 129

Flame SpreadVertical Flame Propagation for a Single Insulated Wire or Cable Test (IEC 603321) .............................................. 131LIFT, IMO Spread of Flame Apparatus (ISO 5658/IMO/LIFT Spread of Flame Apparatus/

ISO 5658; IMO FTP Part 5; ASTM E1317; ASTM E1321) ..................................................................................... 135Flooring Radiant Panel (EN ISO 92391) ................................................................................................................. 139Radiant Panel Flame Spread Apparatus (ASTM E162; ASTM D3675) ..................................................................... 143Thermal/Acoustic Insulation Flame Propagation Apparatus (FAR Part 25 Appendix F Part VI;

Airbus AITM 2.0053; Boeing BSS 7365) .............................................................................................................. 149Roofing Tests for European Roofing Products ......................................................................................................... 151


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IgnitabilityMass Loss Calorimeter (EN ISO 13927; EN ISO 17554) ........................................................................................... 157FAA Micro Calorimeter (ASTM D7309) ................................................................................................................... 161Large Scale Mattress Fire Test (CA TB 603; 16 CFR Part 1633) ................................................................................ 165Oxygen Bomb Calorimeter (EN ISO 1716; ISO 1928; ASTM D240; ASTM D4809; ASTM D5468;

ASTM D5865; ASTM E711) ................................................................................................................................. 167The Single Flame Source Test (EN ISO 119252) ..................................................................................................... 171Non Combustibility Apparatus (EN ISO 1182) ......................................................................................................... 175Oxygen Index (ISO 45892; ASTM D2863) ................................................................................................................ 179Elevated Temperature Oxygen Index (ISO 45893).................................................................................................. 179UL 94 Chamber........................................................................................................................................................ 183Vertical/Horizontal Wire Flame Test (UL 1581) ....................................................................................................... 187Ignitability Apparatus (ISO 5657, BS 476 Part 13) .................................................................................................. 191The Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 302 (FMVSS 302; ISO 3795) ........................................................ 195Federal Aviation Regulation Bunsen Burner Test Apparatus .................................................................................. 199

Combustion Gas Analysis/Toxicity/CorrosivityFTIR: an Advanced FTIR for Toxic Gas Analysis (ISO 19702; EN 455452; IMO)....................................................... 201Toxicity Test Attachment for NBS Smoke Density Chamber (ABD0031) ................................................................. 211Test on Gases Evolved During Combustion of Electric Cables (IEC 60754 Part 1 and Part 2) .................................. 213Naval Engineering Standard (NES 713) ................................................................................................................... 215Cone Corrosimeter (ASTM D5485; ISO 119074) ................................................................................................... 219Combustion Toxicity Test Apparatus (ASTM E1678; NFPA 269) .............................................................................. 221

Fire ResistanceCircuit Integrity Under Fire Conditions Apparatus (BS 6387; IEC 60331; EN 50200) .............................................. 225Fire Resistance Test Furnaces ................................................................................................................................. 229



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The EU Construction Products Regulation(CPR) is the basis of construction productsregulations to be used in all member states.

This Regulation requires constructionproducts to be classified using the new setof fire test methods. These products includeall wall lining, flooring, roofing and otherfixed products such as linear pipe thermalinsulation products and electric cables.

The CPR requires that all member statesmodify their regulations to allow

Test Method

EN 13823: Reaction to fire tests for building products, excluding floorings exposed to thermal attack by a single burning item

EN ISO 1716: Reaction to fire tests for building products – Determination of the heat of combustion

EN ISO 1182: Reaction to fire tests for building products – Non combustibility test

EN ISO 11925: Reaction to fire tests for building products – Ignitability of building products subjected to direct impingement of flame

EN ISO 9239: Reaction to fire tests for building products – Horizontal surface spread of flame for floor coverings

European CPR: Wall, ceiling,flooring and linear pipe thermalinsulation products

classification using the test methods andsystems described in EN 13501. EN 13501was revised in 2007 to include classificationrequirements for linear thermal insulationproducts and a separate part EN 135016 isbeing published to define the electric cablefire performance classificationsrequirements.

These test methods, and in some cases theclassification system, are now being usedextensively beyond the European Union.Both being used by countries wanting to

establish or upgrade their own regulationswithout spending extensive research anddevelopment budgets and by producerswanting to export products to Europe.

FTT engineers have worked with CEN in thedevelopment of these test methods andsupply all equipment required for assessingthe reaction to fire performance ofconstruction products which include:



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New European FireTesting Classificationfor ConstructionProducts

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EU ConstructionProducts RegulationThe EU Construction ProductsRegulation (CPR), is the basis ofconstruction products regulationsto be used in all member states.This Regulation will require that allconstruction products bereclassified using the new set ofcommon test methods. Theseproducts include all wall lining,flooring and other fixed productssuch as linear pipe thermalinsulation products and electriccables.

Construction products are currentlycontrolled in National BuildingRegulations that typically usedclassifications often derived using

the National fire test methods ofeach member state. e.g. Britishbuilding regulations requireclassification using test methodsdescribed in the BS 476 test series.

The CPR requires that all memberstates modify their regulations toincorporate the classificationsystems described in EN 13501 andusing the test methods quotedtherein.

EN 13501 was revised in 2007 toinclude classification requirementsfor linear thermal insulationproduct and is, in 2010, beingfurther revised to incorporate theelectric cable fire performanceclassifications requirements

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Each member state is now able tocontinue to classify the productsusing the traditional methodsalongside the new methods duringa transition period. The traditionalroute will probably be unattractiveto most suppliers, as theclassification supported bytraditional national tests will onlybe applicable in the host country,whilst those gained to the new testmethods will be valid across allmember states and the EuropeanEconomic Area (EEA).

These test methods and in somecases the classification system, arenow been used extensively beyondthe European Union both bycountries and producers wanting totrade these products with Europeand by Countries wanting toestablish or upgrade there ownregulations without spendingextensive research anddevelopment budgets.

FTT engineers have worked withCEN in the development of thesetest methods and supply allequipment required for assessingthe reaction to fire performance ofconstruction products.

How are ConstructionProducts classified?The classification criteria and testmethods used to assess thereaction to fire performance ofproducts covered by the CPR aredescribed in EN 135011: Fireclassification of constructionproducts and building elements –Part 1: Classification using datafrom reaction to fire tests.

The Standard splits the productsinto 3 sets (which will shortly be


PRODUCT CATALOGUE

extended to 4 when the electriccable classification requirementsare integrated in a 2010 draft).These are:• Construction product excluding

flooring products• Flooring products• Linear pipes thermal Insulation

products• Electric Cables (in draft – see

New European Cable Testing andClassification document)

Each of these sets has 5classification levels A1,A2, B, C, Dand E and a nonperformancedetermined class “F” and theperformance criteria and the firetest methods to be used in assessingthe performance are described in 3tables (one for each set).

Products in the nonflooring set aretested using the SBI test plus allother test methods except the ENISO 92391. Flooring products aretested using the EN ISO 92391instead of the SBI (EN 13823).

Table 1 (on page 40) shows the testmethods and performance criteriafor all construction products otherthan flooring products. Table 2 (on page 41) shows the testmethods and performance criteriafor flooring products and Table 3(on page 42) shows the testmethods and performance criteriafor linear pipe insulation products.

Products in class A1 are mostlybased on nonorganic, materialsand classification into this group isgained using EN ISO 1716Determination of the heat ofcombustion and the EN ISO 1182Non combustibility test.

Classification into classes A2, B, Cand D which are the major classesinhabited by most products, otherthan those described above,require testing using either the EN13823 or EN ISO 92391, and ENISO 119252; Class E only requirestesting to EN ISO 119252.

The fire tests are listed below andmost are used to assess productsin all sets whilst others are justused for one product set.EN 13823: Reaction to fire tests forbuilding products excludingfloorings exposed to thermal attackby a single burning item.

EN ISO 92391: Reaction to firetests for building products –Horizontal surface spread of flamefor floor coverings.

EN ISO 119252: Reaction to firetests for building products –Ignitability of building productssubjected to direct impingement offlame.

EN ISO 1716: Reaction to fire testsfor building products –Determination of the heat ofcombustion.

EN ISO 1182: Reaction to fire testsfor building products – Noncombustibility test.

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Table 1 – Classes of Reaction to Fire Performance for Construction Products Excluding Floorings

CLASS TEST METHODS CLASSIFICATION CRITERIA ADDITIONAL CLASSIFICATION

A1 EN ISO 1182(1) ΔT ≤ 30°C; and Δm ≤ 50%; and –and tf = 0 (i.e. no sustained flaming)

EN ISO 1716 PCS ≤ 2.0 MJ/kg(1) and –PCS ≤ 2.0 MJ/kg(2) (2a) andPCS ≤ 1.4 MJ/m2 (3) andPCS ≤ 2.0 MJ/kg(4)

A2 EN ISO 1182(1) ΔT ≤ 50°C; and Δm ≤ 50%; –or and tf ≤ 20s

EN ISO 1716 PCS ≤ 2.0 MJ/kg(1) and –PCS ≤ 2.0 MJ/kg(2) (2a) andPCS ≤ 1.4 MJ/m2 (3) and

and PCS ≤ 2.0 MJ/kg(4)

EN 13823 FIGRA ≤120W/s; and LFS < edge of Smoke production(5) andspecimen; and THR600s ≤ 7.5 MJ Flaming droplets/particles(6)

B EN 13823 FIGRA ≤120W/s; and LFS < edge of Smoke production(5) andand specimen; and THR600s ≤ 7.5 MJ Flaming droplets/particles(6)

EN ISO 119252(8) Fs ≤ 150mm within 60sExposure = 30s

C EN 13823 FIGRA ≤ 120W/s; and LFS < edge of Smoke production(5) andand specimen; and THR600s ≤ 15 MJ Flaming droplets/particles(6)


D EN 13823 FIGRA ≤ 75W/s; and LFS < edge of Smoke production(5) andand Flaming droplets/particles(6)


E EN ISO 119252(8) Fs ≤ 150mm within 20s Flaming droplets/particles(7)Exposure = 15s

F No performance determined

(1) For homogenous products and substantial components of nonhomogenous products.(2) For any external nonsubstantial component of nonhomogenous products(2a) Alternatively. Any external nonsubstantial component having a PCS ≤ 2.0 MJ/m³, provided that the product satisfies the following criteria of EN 13823: FIGRA ≤ 20W/s, and LFS < edge of specimen and

THR600s ≤ 4.0 MJ and s1 and d0(3) For any internal nonsubstantial component of nonhomogenous products(4) For the product as a whole(5) In the last phase of the development of the test procedure, modifications of the smoke measurement system have been introduced,the effect of which needs further investigation.This may result in a

modification of the limit values and/or parameters for the evaluation of the smoke production.s1 = SMOGRA ≤ 30m²/s² and TSP600s ≤ 50m²; s2 = SMOGRA ≤ 180m²/s² and TSP600s ≤ 200m²; s3 = not s1 or s2

(6) d0 = No flaming droplets/particles in EN 13823 (SBI) within 600s;d1 = No flaming droplets/particles persisting longer than 10s in EN 13823 (SBI) within 600s;d2 = not d0 or d1;Ignition of the paper in EN ISO 119252 results in a d2 classification

(7) Pass = no ignition of the paper (no classification); Fail = ignition of the paper (d2 classification)(8) Under conditions of surface flame attack and, if appropriate to the end–use application of the product, edge flame attack.


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Table 2 – Classes of Reaction to Fire Performance for Floorings


A1fl EN ISO 1182(1) ΔT ≤ 30°C; and Δm ≤ 50%; and –and tf = 0 (i.e. no sustained flaming)

EN ISO 1716 PCS ≤ 2.0 MJ/kg(1) and –PCS ≤ 2.0 MJ/kg(2) andPCS ≤ 1.4 MJ/m2 (3) andPCS ≤ 2.0 MJ/kg(4)

A2fl EN ISO 1182(1) ΔT ≤ 50°C; and Δm ≤ 50%; –or and tf ≤ 20s

EN ISO 1716 PCS ≤ 3.0 MJ/kg(1) and –PCS ≤ 4.0 MJ/m2 (2) andPCS ≤ 4.0 MJ/m2 (3) and


EN ISO 92391(5) Critical flux(6) 8.0 kW/m2 Smoke production(7)

Bfl EN ISO 92391(5) Critical flux(6) 8.0 kW/m2 Smoke production(7)and


Cfl EN ISO 92391(5) Critical flux(6) 4.5 kW/m2 Smoke production(7)

and


Dfl EN ISO 92391(5) Critical flux(6) 3.0 kW/m2 Smoke production(7)

and


Efl EN ISO 119252(8) Fs ≤ 150mm within 20sExposure = 15s

Ffl No performance determined

(1) For homogeneous products and substantial components of nonhomogeneous products(2) For any external nonsubstantial component of nonhomogeneous products(3) For any internal nonsubstantial component of nonhomogeneous products(4) For the product as a whole(5) Test duration = 30 minutes(6) Critical flux is defined as the radiant flux at which the flame extinguishes or the radiant flux after a test period of 30 minutes, whichever is lower (i.e. the flux corresponding with the furthest extent of

spread of flame).(7) s1 = Smoke ≤ 750%.min;

s2 = not s1(8) Under conditions of surface flame attack and, if appropriate to the end use application of the product, edge flame attack.



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Table 3 – Classes of Reaction to Fire Performance for Linear Pipe Thermal Insulation Products


A1L EN ISO 1182(1) ΔT ≤ 30°C; and Δm ≤ 50%; and –and tf = 0 (i.e. no sustained flaming)

EN ISO 1716 PCS ≤ 2.0 MJ/kg(1) and –PCS ≤ 2.0 MJ/kg(2) andPCS ≤ 1.4 MJ/m2 (3) andPCS ≤ 2.0 MJ/kg(4)

A2L EN ISO 1182(1) ΔT ≤ 50°C; and Δm ≤ 50%; –or and tf ≤ 20s

EN ISO 1716 PCS ≤ 3.0 MJ/kg(1) and –PCS ≤ 4.0 MJ/m2 (2) andPCS ≤ 4.0 MJ/m2 (3) and


EN ISO 92391(5) Critical flux(6) 8.0 kW/m2 Smoke production(7)

BL EN 13823 FIGRA ≤ 270W/s and LFS < edge of Smoke production(5) andand specimen and THR600s ≤ 7.5 MJ Flaming droplets/particles(6)


CL EN 13823 FIGRA ≤ 460W/s and LFS < edge of Smoke production(5) andand specimen and THR600s ≤ 15 MJ Flaming droplets/particles(6)


DL EN 13823 FIGRA ≤ 2100W/s Smoke production(5) andand THR600s ≤ 100 MJ Flaming droplets/particles(6)


EL EN ISO 119252(8) Fs ≤ 150mm within 20s Flaming droplets/particles(6)

Exposure = 15s

FL No performance determined

(1) For homogeneous products and substantial components of nonhomogeneous products(2) For any external nonsubstantial component of nonhomogeneous products.(3) For any internal nonsubstantial component of nonhomogeneous products.(4) For the product as a whole(5) s1 = SMOGRA ≤ 105 m2/s2 and TSP600s ≤ 250 m2 ; s2 = SMOGRA ≤ 580 m2/s2 and TSP600s ≤ 1600 m2;

s3 = not s1 or s2(6) d0 = No flaming droplets/particles in EN 13823 within 600 s;

d1 = No flaming droplets/particles persisting longer than 10 s in EN 13823 within 600 s;d2 = not d0 or d1.Ignition of the paper in EN ISO 119252 results in a d2 classification.

(7) Pass = no ignition of the paper (no classification);Fail = ignition of the paper (d2 classification).

(8) Under conditions of surface flame attack and, if appropriate to the end–use application of the product, edge flame.


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Single Burning ItemEN 13823: Reaction to fire tests forbuilding products excludingfloorings exposed to thermal attackby a single burning item, the SBI.

The specimen is mounted on atrolley that is positioned in a framebeneath an exhaust system. Thereaction of the specimen to theburner is monitored instrumentallyand visually. Heat and smokerelease rates are calculated andphysical characteristics are assessedby observation. The parametersthat are quantified in this test andused within the classificationcriteria are; Total Heat Release(THR), Fire Growth Rate Index(FIGRA) and Smoke Growth Rateindex (SMOGRA).

FTT supplies, installs, and trainsclients in the use of this apparatus.FTT can also supply any of thecomponents to clients wishing topart design and build their ownequipment.

The main components of the FTTSBI are:• The Test Apparatus.• Gas Analysis Instrumentation for

Heat Release Measurement.

• Smoke Measurement System.• Burner, Gas Train and Controls.• Data Acquisition and Analysis

Software.

EN ISO 119252: Reaction to firetests for building products –Ignitability of building productssubjected to direct impingement of flame.

This ignitability method is based on the Kleinbrenner method and determines the ignitability of building products in the vertical orientation when subjected to impingement of astandard small flame. This test is relevant to classes B, C, D, E andBfl, Cfl, Dfl, Efl.

The FTT Ignitability Apparatus issupplied as a complete easytouse

system incorporating the followingfeatures:• Combustion chamber with large

front and side doors for easyaccess and toughened viewingpanels

• An extensively adjustable burner assembly

• Specimen holder capable ofhousing the specimens up toand including 60mm thick

SingleFlame Source Test• A fully adjustable specimen

support frame• A digital anemometer/

thermometer and a stopwatch



EN ISO 1716: Reaction to fire testsfor building products –Determination of the heat ofcombustion.

This instrument determines thepotential maximum total heatrelease of a product whencompletely burning regardless of itsend use. The test is relevant toclasses A1, A2, A1fl, A2fl, A1L andA2L. The test specimen of a knownmass is burned under standardisedconditions, at constant volume inan atmosphere of oxygen, in thebomb calorimeter which iscalibrated by combustion ofbenzoic acid. The calorific valuedetermined under these conditionsis calculated on the basis of themeasured temperature rise whiletaking account of heat losses.

The Oxygen Bomb calorimeterconsists of:• Bomb calorimeter with

embedded computer control,userfriendly interface, LCD

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graphics display, high accuracy /resolution PRTs, RS232 interfaceport for printer

• Oxygen bomb and bucket(calorimeter vessel)

• Thermostatically controlledbath, circulator, cooler, pipette(2L)

• EN ISO 1716 sample preparationdevice, firing wire and cotton,cigarette making device

• Printer (optional)

Flooring Radiant PanelEN ISO 92391: Reaction to fire tests for buildingproducts –Horizontal surface spread of flame for floorcoverings.

This test method evaluates the critical radiant flux belowwhich flames no longer spread over the horizontalsurface of a specimen.

A smoke measuring system based on DIN 50055 ismounted on a separate frame in the exhaust stack and isused to measure smoke generated in the test.

The test is relevant to A2fl, Bfl, Cfl, and Dfl.

Oxygen Bomb Calorimeter


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NonCombustibilityApparatusEN ISO 1182: Reaction to fire testsfor building products – Noncombustibility test.

This apparatus determines the noncombustibility performance, underspecific conditions, of homogenousproducts and substantialcomponents of non homogeneousbuilding products.

The specimen is subjected totemperatures of 750°C in a verticaltube furnace. The specimen isobserved for sustained flaming andtemperature rises and furnacethermocouples are used to assesscombustibility. The test is relevantto classes A1, A2, A1fl, A2fl, A1L andA2L.

The FTT noncombustibilityapparatus is supplied with:• Special tube furnace• Instrument unit features a

temperature controller, an overtemperature alarm and a powercontrol which control thefurnace temperature at 750°C

• ‘NonComb’ Microsoft Windowsanalysis software



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EN 135011 “Fire classification ofconstruction products and buildingelements” to include electric cablerequirements. EN 135016 shows the testmethods and performance criteria thatmust be met in order for a cable to meet aparticular classification (Aca, B1ca, B2ca, Cca,Dca and Eca). The five test methods used are:

Regulation (CPR) changes this situation.Once implemented all electric cables usedin member states will be tested using thesame test methods and classified using thesame classification system.

Cables are tested using five test methods,and classified by the provisions ofEN 135016 which is a parallel standard inthe existing CPR classification standard

The fire performance of electric cables willbe uniformly regulated within the EuropeanUnion.

Traditionally these products have not beenaddressed in national building regulationsand classifications had been voluntary orrequired by larger purchasing agencies. The inclusion of electric cables within theEuropean Union’s Construction Products

Test Method

Reaction to fire tests for building products (EN ISO 1716)This test determines the heat of combustion of a cable when it is burned under standardised conditions. The test is relevant for the class Aca.

Burning behaviour of bunched cable (EN 50399) 30 kW flame sourceThis test evaluates the potential contribution of a cable to the early stages of development of a fire, under direct exposure to a 30 kW flame source. The test is relevant for the class B1ca.

Burning behaviour of bunched cable (EN 50399) 20.5 kW flame sourceThis test evaluates the potential contribution of a cable to the early stages of development of a fire, under direct exposure to a 20.5 kW flame source. The test is relevant for the classes B2ca, Cca and Dca.

Test for vertical flame propagation for a single insulated wire or cable (EN 6033212) 1 kW premixed flameThis test evaluates the flame spread of a cable under exposure to a small flame. This test is relevant for the classes B1ca, B2ca, Cca, Dca and Eca.

Smoke production of burning cable (EN 61034)This test evaluates the potential contribution of a cable to obscuration of vision when burning under static air flow conditions. The test is relevant for theclasses B1ca, B2ca, Cca and Dca, in association with the Additional Classification s1.

Acidity levels produced by burning cables (EN 5026723)This test evaluates the acidity of evolved gases. The test is relevant for the classes B1ca, B2ca, Cca and Dca.

European CPR: Electric cables



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European CableTesting andClassification

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Cables will be tested using 5 testmethods, and classified byextending the provisions in theexisting CPR classification standardEN 13501 “Fire classification ofconstruction products and buildingelements” to include “Part 6:Classification using data fromreaction to fire tests on electriccables”. The establishment of thesestandards has been mandated toCEN and CENELEC by the EU andCENELEC have drafted themodifications to EN 13501 in linewith the requirements of theEuropean commission decision andthis is currently being progressedwithin CEN.

Of these standard tests the newstandard EN 50399 is the major testprocedure for reaction to fire ofcables, this test specification derivesfrom work done in an EU fundedproject called FIPEC, FirePerformance of Electric Cables. Thiswork was performed by a researchgroup consisting of SP, Interscience,ISSEP and CESI. The FIPEC projectincluded a study of cable installationsand relevant reference scenarios aswell as a comprehensive testprogram of different kinds of cables.This, together with subsequentIndustry test data, was used in thedevelopment of the proposal for theEuropean testing and classificationsystem.

Two round robin exercises havebeen carried out on EN 50399. Thefirst was performed by thedevelopers of the system, the FIPEClaboratories. The second roundrobin was performed throughCENELEC and included many testsites. The results were good andcomparable to the results of the SBItest used for linings in Europe. Thus

the test procedure used is quiterobust and well developed. The testresults are validated for real fires byusing reference scenarios in theFIPEC project and through furtheranalysis and comparisons to otherbuilding products under the CPR.

The reactiontofire classificationsystem used in the CPR wasdeveloped in cooperation withEuropean regulators and the cableindustry in Europe and presented in 2003.

The European Commission decidedon a testing and classificationsystem on cables during 2006. The system is built in the same wayas that used for linings and pipeinsulation. However, it alsoincluded the possibility to declareoptional acidity of the smoke gases,the subclasses a1, a2 and a3.

Both EN 50399 and themodifications to EN 13501 weredeveloped in CENELEC TC 20 WG10.The latter is now working on theproposals for Extended Applicationsfor assessment of cable family fireperformance that will enablerepresentative cables to be used toqualify cable groups.

The Extended Application ruleswere developed in the CEMACproject which was financed by theEuropean Cable Industry in closecooperation with a group ofresearch laboratories, consisting ofSP, Interscience, ISSEP, LSF and VDE.The project was led by Europacableand the RTD contributions were ledby SPFire Technology. During boththe FIPEC and CEMAC projects FTTfire scientists were seconded toInterscience to oversee calibration,test, data acquisition and analysis.

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The fire performance ofelectric cables is now to beuniformly regulated withinthe European Union.Traditionally these productshave not been addressed innational buildingregulations andclassifications had beenvoluntary or required bylarger purchasing agencies.The inclusion of Electriccables within the EuropeanUnion’s ConstructionProducts Regulations (CPR)changes this situation. Onceimplemented all electriccables used in EuropeanUnion countries will betested using the same testmethods and classifiedusing the sameclassification system.

EN 50399 Burning behaviourof bunched cable


PRODUCT CATALOGUE

We also worked with Interscience inCENELEC on the standard.

How are cablesclassified?EN 13501 shows the test methodsand performance criteria (see Table1) that must be met in order for acable to meet a particularclassification (Aca, B1ca, B2ca, Cca, Dcaand Eca.)

The 5 test methods used are:• Burning behaviour of bunched

cables – 20.5 kW flame source(EN 50399):This test evaluates the potentialcontribution of a cable to theearly stages of development of afire, under direct exposure to a20,5 kW flame source. The testis relevant for the classes B2ca,Cca and Dca.

• Burning behaviour of bunchedcables – 30 kW flame source(EN 50399):This test evaluates the potentialcontribution of a cable to theearly stages of development of afire, under direct exposure to a30 kW flame source. The test isrelevant for the class B1ca.

• Burning behaviour of singlecables (EN 6033212):This test evaluates the flamespread of a cable underexposure to a small flame. Thetest is relevant for the classesB1ca, B2ca, Cca, Dca and Eca.

• Smoke production of burningcables (EN 61034):This test evaluates the potentialcontribution of a cable toobscuration of visionwhenburning under static air flowconditions. The test is relevantfor the classes B1ca, B2ca, Cca andDca, in association with the

additional classification forsmoke.

• Acidity levels produced byburning cables (EN 5026723):This test evaluates the potentialcontribution of burning cablematerials to the hazardousproperties of evolved gases. The test is relevant for theclasses B1ca, B2ca, Cca and Dca, inassociation with the additionalclassification for acidity.

• Heat of combustion test (EN ISO 1716):This test determines thepotential maximum total heatrelease of a product whencompletely burning, regardlessof its end use. The test isrelevant for the class Aca.

EN 50399 Burningbehaviour of bunchedcablesThe EN 50399 was based onIEC 603323 with the addition ofheat release measurement and amodified air inlet system. This isaccomplished by fitting a smallinstrumented section of ductinginto the exhaust system of the rigand using this with associated FTTgas analysis instrumentation andsoftware. The duct section housesall gas sampling probes,temperature and mass flow probesand has ports for the smokemeasuring system.

The gas analysis instrumentation ishoused in a 19" instrument rackcontaining:• Oxygen Analyser (paramagnetic)

supplied with temperature andpressure compensation forprimary heat releasemeasurement.

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Duct section placed in EN 50399 exhaust

EN 50399 Cable Test Interior detail


EN 61034 Common testmethods for cablesunder fire conditions:Measurement of smokedensity of cablesburning under definedconditionsThe 3 Metre Cube is used formeasuring smoke emission whenelectric cables are burned underdefined conditions, for example, afew cables burned horizontally.These units are produced to meetthe specification used in manyelectric cable tests. The unit can besupplied in a selfassembly kit formor can be fully installed by FTTEngineers.

The equipment comprises of:• 3 Metre Cube assembly• Photometric system, stands,

fans and sample mountingframes

• Extraction fan and ducting• Chart Recorder or Windows

Software.


advanced noise reductionspecification. The white lightsystem is similar to that used inthe SBI test and constructed toDIN 50055.

EN 6033212 Tests onelectric and optical fibrecables under fireconditionsPart 12: Test for vertical flamepropagation for a single insulatedwire or cable: Procedure for 1 kWpremixed flameThis part of EN 60332 specifies the procedure for testing theresistance to vertical flamepropagation for a single verticalelectrical insulated conductor orcable, or optical fibre cable, underfire conditions. EN 6033212specifies the use of a 1 kW premixed flame and the test evaluatesthe flame spread of a cable underexposure to a small flame. The testis relevant for the classes B1ca, B2ca,Cca, Dca and Eca.

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• Carbon Dioxide Analyser(infrared) for use in heat releasemeasurement.

• Dual stage soot filter, refrigerantcold trap, drying column, pumpand waste regulators forconditioning the sample gasesprior to analysis.

• Controls for the smokemeasurement system (ifpurchased).

• Data logger (if purchased).Clients already owning the FTTDual Cone Calorimeter, ISO 9705Room Corner test or SBI can usetheir instrumentation tomeasure heat release rate fromtheir cable test. Conversely theEN 50399 Gas Analysis rack canbe used to instrument othercalorimeters (e.g. FTT Dual ConeCalorimeter etc.).

• FTT offers two smokemeasurement systems, laser orwhite light. The laser system issimilar to that used in the conecalorimeter and complies withISO 5660 incorporating an

The 3 Metre Cube


PRODUCT CATALOGUE

EN 5026723 Commontest methods for cablesunder fire conditions:Tests on gases evolvedduring combustion ofmaterials from cablesPart 23: Determination of degreeof acidity of gases for cables bydetermination of the weightedaverage of pH and conductivityThis test was developed to assessthe amount of acid gas which isevolved when cable insulating,sheathing and other materials burnas this acid can cause damage toelectrical and electronic equipmentnot involved in the fire itself. Thistest method uses pH and electricalconductivity as an indirectassessment of this property and isbeing used as the assessmentmethod for the additional acidclassification with classes B1ca, B2ca,Cca and Dca.

The equipment comprises of:• Control unit• Furnace• Magnetic stirrer• pH meter and calibration pH

solutions

EN ISO 1716 Reaction tofire tests for buildingproducts –Determination of theheat of combustionThe bomb calorimeter is theinstrument most widely used tomeasure the heat of combustion orcalorific value of a material. A testspecimen of known mass is burnedunder standardised conditions. Theheat of combustion, determinedunder these conditions, iscalculated on the basis of themeasured temperature rise whiletaking account of heat loss.

The combustion process is initiatedin an atmosphere of oxygen in aconstant volume container, thebomb, which is a vessel built towithstand high pressures.

The bomb is immersed in a stirredwater bath, and the whole device isthe calorimeter vessel. Thecalorimeter vessel is also immersedin a second outer water bath. The

water temperature in thecalorimeter vessel and that of theouter bath are both monitored andused in the calculation. The test isused to qualify products for theclasses Aca.

The Oxygen Bomb calorimeterconsists of:• Bomb calorimeter with

embedded computer control,userfriendly interface, LCDgraphics display, high accuracy/resolution PRTs, RS232 interfaceport for printer

• Oxygen bomb and bucket(calorimeter vessel)

• Thermostatically controlledbath, circulator, cooler, pipette(2L)

• EN ISO 1716 sample preparationdevice, firing wire and cotton,cigarette making device

• Printer (optional)

Why FTT?FTT has been at the forefront oftest instrumentation developmentin reaction to fire applications forover 20 years and now sets thebenchmark in this field of testing.

FTT’s production and design facilityin the UK continues to developbenchscale instrumentation andlargescale tests for a wide range ofregulatory requirements and offersa worldwide sales and technicalsupport service.

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The Oxygen Bomb Calirometer



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Table 1 – EN 135016: Classes of reactiontofire performance for electric cables

CLASS TEST METHOD(S) CLASSIFICATION CRITERIA ADDITIONAL CLASSIFICATION

Aca EN ISO 1716 PCS ≤ 2,0 MJ/kg(1)

B1ca EN 50399 (30 kW flame source) FS ≤ 1.75 m and Smoke production(2, 5) andand THR1200s ≤ 10 MJ and Flaming droplets/particles(3) and Peak HRR ≤ 20 kW and Acidity(4)

and FIGRA ≤ 120 W/s

EN 6033212 H ≤ 425 mm

B2ca EN 50399 (20.5 kW flame source) FS ≤ 1.5 m; and Smoke production(2, 6) andTHR1200s ≤ 15 MJ; and Flaming droplets/particles(3) andPeak HRR ≤ 30 kW; and Acidity(4)


EN 6033212 H ≤ 425 mm

Cca EN 50399 (20.5 kW flame source) FS ≤ 2.0 m; and Smoke production(2, 6) andTHR1200s ≤ 30 MJ; and Flaming droplets/particles(3) and Peak HRR ≤ 60 kW; and Acidity(4)


EN 6033212 H ≤ 425 mm

Dca EN 50399 (20.5 kW flame source) THR1200s ≤ 70 MJ; and Smoke production(2, 6) andPeak HRR ≤ 400 kW; and Flaming droplets/particles(3) andFIGRA ≤ 1300 W/s Acidity(4)

EN 6033212 H ≤ 425 mm

Eca EN 6033212 H ≤ 425 mm

Fca No performance determined

(1) For the product as a whole, excluding metallic materials, and for any external component (i.e. sheath) of the product.

(2) s1 = TSP1200s ≤ 50 m2 and Peak SPR ≤ 0.25 m2/s

s1a = s1 and transmittance in accordance with EN 61034 ≥ 80%

s1b = s1 and transmittance in accordance with EN 61034 ≥ 60% < 80%

s2 = TSP1200s ≤ 400 m2 and Peak SPR ≤ 1.5 m2/s

s3 = not s1 or s2

(3) d0 = No flaming droplets/particles within 1200 s; d1 = No flaming droplets/particles persisting longer than 10 s within 1200 s; d2 = not d0 or d1.

(4) EN 5026723: a1 = conductivity < 2.5 μS/mm and pH > 4.3; a2 = conductivity < 10 μS/mm and pH > 4.3; a3 = not a1 or a2. No declaration = No Performance Determined.

(5) The smoke class declared for class B1ca cables must originate from the test according to EN 50399 (30 kW flame source).

(6) The smoke class declared for class B2ca, Cca, Dca cables must originate from the test according to EN 50399 (20.5 kW flame source).


PRODUCT CATALOGUE

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fire test methods, for use in theclassification of products and materialsemployed in railway carriages throughoutEurope, producing harmonisation betweenproduct standards throughout theEuropean states.

In 2013, CEN/TC 256 and CENELEC/TC 9Xpublished a sevenpart standard EN 45545in which Part 2 describes the reaction tofire test methods, test conditions and

reaction to fire performance required forclassification of structural productsincluding flooring, seats, cables and nonlisted items.

The performance of all the products isdetermined with respect to flame spreadand the amounts of heat, smoke and toxicfumes produced.

All of these test methods are offered by FTT.

European Regulations such as theConstruction Products Regulations have ledEuropean industries to harmonise testingmethods for the products used in theconstruction of buildings. As member statesmove towards harmonising these methodsand regulations, there has been a similarinitiative to harmonise the interoperabilityof railway rolling stock. As a result, theEuropean Commission have authorised aworking group (CEN 256 WG1) to identify

Test Method

STRUCTURAL PRODUCTS (incl. flooring)

STANDARD INSTRUMENT

ISO 56582 Lateral spread on building products in vertical configuration IMO Spread of Flame Apparatus

ISO 56601 Heat release, smoke production and mass loss rate – Part 1: Heat release rate Cone Calorimeter

EN ISO 92391 Horizontal surface spread of flame for floor coverings Flooring Radiant Panel

ISO 56592 Plastics – Smoke generation – Part 2: Determination of optical density by a singlechamber test NBS Smoke Density Chamber with FTIR

EN ISO 119252 Ignitability of building products subjected to direct The Single Flame Source Test impingement of flame

SEATS

STANDARD INSTRUMENT

ISO 9705 Fullscale room test for surface products Furniture Calorimeter



CABLES

STANDARD INSTRUMENT

EN 6033212 Tests on electric and optical fibre cables under fire conditions Electric Cable Test

EN 60332324 Common test methods for cables under fire conditions – Test for vertical flame spread of Electric Cable Testverticallymounted bunched wires or cables (for d ≥ 12 mm)

EN 50305 Railway applications – Railway rolling stock cables having special fire performance (for d ≤ 6 mm) Electric Cable Test

EN 610342 Measurement of smoke density of cables burning under defined conditions – 3M CubePart 2: Test procedure and requirements

NONLISTED ITEMS

STANDARD INSTRUMENT

ISO 45892 Plastics – Determination of burning behaviour by oxygen index – Part 2: Ambienttemperature test Oxygen Index


NF X 70100 Fire behaviour test – Analysis of pyrolysis and combustion gases – pipe still method EN 5026723/IEC 60754 Part 1 & 2


ISO 56582 Lateral spread on building products in vertical configuration IMO Spread of Flame Apparatus

The requirements specified in EN 55452 depend on the end use of the product and the Hazard Level of the carriage.

European railway



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Fire Classifications and Fire Test Methodsfor the EuropeanRailway Industry(EN 455452; EN 17084; EN 16989)

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PRODUCT CATALOGUE

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European Regulations such as theConstruction Products Regulationshave led European regulators andindustries to utilise harmonisedtesting methods and classificationsystem for assessing the productsused in the construction ofbuildings. The European RailIndustry is similarly developingharmonised procedures particularlyto facilitate interoperability ofrailway rolling stock. Growth inEuropean crossborder railmovements has further emphasized the need for European harmonisation both of these test methods andclassification systems for thematerials are used in vehicles.

The European Commissionmandated CEN (CEN/TC 256/WG 1)to identify and standardise the firetest methods for use in theclassification of products andmaterials employed in railwaycarriages throughout Europe. In2013, CEN/TC 256 and CENELEC/TC 9X published a 7part standardEN 45545, “Fire Protection onRailway Vehicles” which includes:• Part 1: General• Part 2: Requirements for fire

behaviour of materials andcomponents

• Part 3: Fire resistancerequirements for fire barriers

• Part 4: Fire safety requirementsfor railway rolling stock design

• Part 5: Fire safety requirementsfor electrical equipmentincluding that of trolley buses,track guided buses and magneticlevitation vehicles

• Part 6: Fire control andmanagement systems

• Part 7: Fire safety requirementsfor flammable liquid andflammable gas installations

Part 2 describes the reaction to firetest methods, test conditions andreaction to fire performancerequired for classification ofstructural products includingflooring, seats, cables and nonlisted items.

This standard specifies that:• Railway vehicles are classified in

accordance with the fire hazardlevel associated with theirdesign and operation.

• Three hazard levels HL 1 to HL 3are defined, HL 1 being thelowest requirement and HL 3being the highest.

• The test methods used dependon the product underinvestigation.

The performance of all theproducts is determined withrespect to ignitability, flame spread and the amounts of heat,smoke and toxic fumes produced.These reaction to fire tests aim toqualify and classify the productsaccording to their final applicationswhich are separated into groups,including: structural products, seats, cables and nonlisted items. Each of these product groups arerequired to meet a specific set of performance requirement levels (listed R1 to R26). Eachrequirement has a correspondingseries of test performance criteriaimposed for each fire risk levels HL 1 to HL 3.


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TEST GROUP TEST PARAMETER STANDARD/TEST METHOD FTT INSTRUMENT

STRUCTURAL PRODUCTS Flame spread ISO 56582 Lateral spread on building products in vertical configuration Lateral Flame Spread Test(including flooring)

Heat release ISO 56601 Heat release, smoke production and mass loss rate – Cone Calorimeter Part 1: Heat release rate

Flame spread of EN ISO 92391 Horizontal surface spread of flame for floor coverings Flooring Radiant Panelfloorings

Smoke production ISO 56592 Plastics – Smoke generation – Part 2: Determination of optical NBS Smoke Density and toxicity density by a singlechamber test Chamber with FTIR

Ignitability and EN ISO 119252 Ignitability of building products subjected to direct Single Flame Source Test flaming droplets impingement of flame

SEATS Heat release ISO 9705 Fullscale room test for surface products Furniture Calorimeter

Heat release ISO 56601 Heat release, smoke production and mass loss rate – Cone CalorimeterPart 1: Heat release rate

Smoke production ISO 56592 Plastics – Smoke generation – Part 2: Determination of NBS Smoke Density optical density by a singlechamber test Chamber with FTIR

CABLES Flame spread of EN 6033212 Tests on electric and optical fibre cables under fire EN 6033212 Vertical Flame electric cables conditions –single insulated wire or cable, 1 kW Propagation Test for a

premixed flame Single Cable

Flame spread of EN 60332324 Common test methods for cables under fire conditions – EN 603323 Vertical Flame electric cables Test for vertical flame spread of verticallymounted Propagation Test for

bunched wires or cables (for d ≥ 12 mm) Bunched Cables

Flame spread of EN 50305 Railway applications – Railway rolling stock cables having EN 603323 Vertical Flame electric cable special fire performance (for d ≤ 6 mm) Propagation Tests for

Bunched Cables

Smoke production EN 610342 Measurement of smoke density of cables burning under 3M Cube Smoke defined conditions – Part 2: Test procedure and requirements Density Test

NONLISTED ITEMS Oxygen index ISO 45892 Plastics – Determination of burning behaviour by oxygen Oxygen Index index – Part 2: Ambient temperature test

Heat release ISO 56601 Heat release, smoke production and mass loss rate – Cone Calorimeter Part 1: Heat release rate

Flame spread ISO 56582 Lateral spread on building products in vertical configuration Lateral Flame Spread Test

Smoke production ISO 56592 Plastics – Smoke generation – Part 2: Determination of NBS Smoke Density Chamber optical density by a singlechamber test

Toxicity NF X 70100 Fire behaviour test Analysis of pyrolysis and combustion Toxicity Test pipe still method



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Figure 1: FTT ISO 56601 iCone2+ Calorimeter

Heat releaseHeat Release Rate is the keymeasurement required to assessthe fire hazard of products andmaterials, as it quantifies fire size,rate of fire growth andconsequently the release ofassociated smoke and toxic gases. It is measured using a techniquecalled oxygen consumptioncalorimetry.

A new Rate of Heat Emissionparameter has been introduced inEN 455452.

This parameter is known as MARHEor Maximum Average Rate of HeatEmission. The heat release rate isdetermined using the oxygenconsumption technique from whichan Average Rate of Heat Emission(ARHE) is calculated. The maximumARHE over the testing period isMARHE. The MARHE parameterwas selected because it is notgreatly affected by normalexperimental variation ormeasurement noise. It has alsoproved to be a fairly robustmeasure of the propensity for firedevelopment under real scaleconditions.

ISO 56601 ConeCalorimeterHeat Release Rate is determinedwith the Cone Calorimeteraccording to ISO 56601. Thresholdsconcerning the potential heatrelease for almost all combustiblematerials and products used in therailway industry are required byEN 455452.

These requirements depend on theend use of the product and theHazard Level of the carriage.

The Cone Calorimeter is the mostsignificant bench scale instrumentin the field of fire testing because itmeasures important real fireproperties of the material beingtested, under a variety of presetconditions. These measurementscan be used directly by researchersor can be used as data for inputinto correlation or mathematicalmodels used to predict firedevelopment.

The FTT Dual Cone Calorimeter hasbeen the benchmark in this field forits ease of use, robustness,sophisticated software that guidesusers through the calibration,testing and report protocols.

Building on this expertise FTT hasdeveloped a new generation of theCone Calorimeter called iCone thatutilise stateoftheart technology toimprove the efficiency and accuracyof the fire test process.

The iCone is an automatic andinteractive system. Not only does itpossess all the advantages of aconventional Cone Calorimeter, italso features an interactive andintuitive interface, flexible controloptions, and builtin dataacquisition technology andreporting with the userfriendlyConeCalc software. It has beendesigned using FTT’s decades ofexperience in calorimetry and


PRODUCT CATALOGUE

In order to determine MARHE, acomplete seat assembly should betested using the ISO 97052 as afurniture calorimeter.

FTT builds and supplies the ISO 97052, complete with theappropriate instrumentationpackage or supply instrumentationto clients wishing to upgradeexisting facilities or with a wish tobuild their own apparatus. In thelatter cases we supply a GasAnalysis Console and an

incorporates many new features,not seen by fire testing laboratoriesup until now. It is perceived as thenew benchmark in calorimetry.

Directly measured propertiesinclude:• Rate of Heat Release• Time to Ignition• Critical Ignition Flux• Mass Loss Rates• Smoke Release Rates• Effective Heat of Combustion• Rates of Toxic Gas Release

(e.g. carbon oxides) According to EN 455452, the electricalheater within the ConeCalorimeter must impose twodifferent irradiance levels:25kW/m2 and 50kW/m2.

ISO 97052 FurnitureCalorimeter VandalisedSeatAccording to EN 455452, theburning behaviour of passengerseats should be tested on thecomplete seat, includingupholstery, head rest, seat shell andarm rest. In addition, the seat shelland any vertical faces of the armrests should also be tested inrelation to fire integrity.

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Table 1: Requirements concerning Heat Release (MARHE)

Requirement set Heat flux Test parameter and unit Maximum threshold

HL1 HL2 HL3

R5, R20 25kW/m2 MARHE [kW/m2] 50 50 50

R9 90 90 60

R8 – 50 50

R10 – – –

R19, R21 75 50 50

R1, R7 50kW/m2 – 90 60

R6, R11 90 90 60

R12 60 60 60

R17 – 90 60

R2 – – 90

Figure 2: FTT ISO 97052 Large Scale Calorimeter with Weight Measurement (Roomchamber on left not included in standard configuration)

Courtesy from the Shanghai Fire Research Institute

Instrumented Duct Insert section.The console is housed in a 19"instrument rack and it contains allthe necessary instrumentation tomeasure Heat Release Rates andother associated parameters.

The Gas Analysis Console contains:• A Paramagnetic Oxygen Analyser

supplied with temperature andpressure compensation forprimary heat releasemeasurement.



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• An Infrared Carbon DioxideAnalyser for use in heat releasemeasurement.

• A Dual Stage Soot Filter,Refrigerant Cold Trap, DryingColumn, Pump and WasteRegulators for conditioning thesample gases prior to analysis.

• Controls for the smokemeasurement system.

• Data logger.

The specification of thisinstrumentation is the same forboth large and small scalecalorimeters and can therefore also

be conveniently used with the FTT Dual Cone Calorimeter.

The duct section houses all thesampling, temperature and massflow probes required for gassampling and air velocitymeasurement along with smokemeasurement equipment (whitelight or laser). Most dynamic firetesting apparatuses can beinstrumented with this equipmentto measure heat released andsmoke produced from productsburnt in them.

Table 2: Requirements concerning Passenger Seats

Requirement set Test method Test parameter Maximum thresholdand unit

HL1 HL2 HL3

R18* ISO 97052 MARHE [kW] 75 50 20

HRR Peak [kW] 350 350 350

R21 ISO 56601: 25kW/m2 MARHE [kW/m2] 75 50 50

ISO 56592: 25kW/m2 Ds max 300 250 200

CITG 1.2 0.9 0.75



ISO 56592: 50kW/m2 Ds(4) 600 300 150

VOF4 [min] 1200 600 300

CITG 1.2 0.9 0.75

* : – during the test, the flame spread shall not reach the edges of the seat surface or the backrest;

– during the test, the flame height above the highest point of the seat surface shall not exceed 1,000mm;

– if the peak heat release values are too high for test equipment safety then the product is not compliant.

Table 3: Requirements concerning Flame Spread for ISO 56582 test

Requirement set Test parameter and unit Maximum threshold

HL1 HL2 HL3

R1, R7 ISO 56582: Critical Heat Flux at 20* 20* 20*

R2, R3, R17Extinguishment

13* 13* 13*

R4 13* 13* 13*

R11 30* 30* 30*

R12 40* 40* 40*

* If droplets/particles that exhibit sustained flaming are reported during the test ISO 56582,or for the special case of materials which

do not ignite in ISO 56582 and are additionally reported as unclassifiable, the following requirements shall be added:

Test to the requirements of EN ISO 119252 with 30 s flame application.

The acceptance requirements are:

– flame spread < 150 mm within 60 s;

– no burning droplets/particles.

Figure 3: 19" Gas Analysis Rack

Figure 4: Instrumented Duct Insert

Figure 5: DIN 50055 White Light SystemController


PRODUCT CATALOGUE

Following ignition, any flame frontwhich develops is noted, and theprogression of the flame fronthorizontally along the length of thespecimen in terms of the time ittakes to travel various distances isrecorded.

The results are expressed in termsof the flame spread distance/timehistory, the flame front velocityversus heat flux, thecritical heatflux at extinguishment and theaverage heat for sustained burning.

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The requirement sets in relation topassenger seats are:• R6: Passenger seat shell – Base

and Back• R18: Complete passenger seats• R19: Seats in staff areas• R21: Upholstery for passenger

seats and head rest

ISO 56582 LateralFlame SpreadApparatusFlame spread of structural productsincluding floorings and insullationmaterials is determined accordingto ISO 56582.

The requirements specified inEN 455452 depend on the end useof the product and the Hazard Levelof the carriage.

The Lateral Flame SpreadApparatus measures the lateralspread of flame on verticallyoriented specimens using arectangular radiant panel and anadditional gas burner flame as theignition source.

It provides data suitable forcomparing the performance ofessentially flat materials,composites or assemblies, whichare primarily used as the exposedsurfaces of walls.

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Figure 6: FTT ISO 56582 Lateral Flame Spread Apparatus



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Single Flame SourceTest ApparatusFlame spread of light diffusers andair filters are determined accordingto EN ISO 119252.

This test is also required as part ofthe European constructionproducts regulation for assessingand qualifying reaction to fire

performance of all types ofconstruction products to classes B,C, D and E.

EN ISO 119252 is based on theKleinbrenner method fordetermining ignitability of materialsin the vertical orientation by directsmall flame impingement underzero impressed irradiance. It is

Table 4: Requirements concerning Flame Spread for EN ISO 119252 test

Requirement set Test parameter and unit Maximum threshold

HL1 HL2 HL3

R4 Flame spread [mm] 150 (within 60 s)

Flaming droplets 0

R5 Flame spread [mm] 150 (within 60 s)

supplied as a complete easytousesystem incorporating safetyfeatures. The combustion chamberis made from corrosion resistantstainless steel, to maximiseoperating life. It has large front andside doors which are glazed withtoughened glass for full view of thespecimen during a test and easyaccess.

Figure 7: FTT EN ISO 119252Single Flame Source Test

Apparatus


PRODUCT CATALOGUE

EN ISO 92391 FlooringRadiant PanelThe burning behaviour of floorings,including any substrates if used, istested according to EN ISO 92391in a closed chamber using a radiantpanel heat source.

The FTT Flooring Radiant Panel(FRP) evaluates the critical radiantflux below which flames no longerspread over a horizontal surface.

This test method is used tomeasure the critical radiant flux offloor covering systems exposed to aflaming ignition source in a gradedradiant heat environment, within atest chamber.

A smoke measuring systemaccording to DIN 50055 is mountedon a separate frame at the exhauststack. It can also be used tomeasure this same critical radiantflux for exposed attic floor celluloseinsulation.

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Figure 8:FTT EN ISO 92391

Flooring Radiant Panel

Table 5: Requirements concerning Flame Spread for EN ISO 92391 test

Requirement set Test parameter and unit Minimum threshold

HL1 HL2 HL3

R8, R10 CHF [kW/m2] 4.5 6 8

The FTT Flooring Radiant Panel canalso comply with ASTM E648, ASTM E970, NFPA 253 and DIN4102 Part 14.

The Critical Heat Flux atextinguishment value (CHFvalue) isthe incident heat flux at thespecimen surface, at the pointwhere the flame ceases to advanceand may subsequently go out. Forclassification purposes, the CHFvalues in kW/m2 for eachHazard Level, are shown in Table 5.



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EN 6033212 and EN 60332324 VerticalFlame Propagation TestApparatusesAccording to EN 455452, the firebehaviour and the flameimpingement duration of cablesshould be tested and evaluated inrespect to the diameter of thecables in question.

In addition, these cables areseparated into two groups:I. Cables for Interior (Requirement

category R15)II. Cables for Exterior (Requirement

category R16) Figure 10: FTT EN 603323Vertical Flame Propagation Test for vertically mounted bunched cables

Figure 9: FTT EN 603321Flame Propagation Test for a Single Wire

or Cable

Table 6: Flame Impingement related to the Outer Cable Diameter

Outer diameter D of specimen (mm) Flame impingement(s)

D ≤ 25 60

25 < D ≤ 50 120

50 < D ≤ 75 240

D > 75 480

Table 7: Requirements concerning Electric Cables

Requirement set Test method Test parameter Minimum threshold

HL1 HL2 HL3

R15, R16 EN 6033212 Unburned length [mm] Burned part ≤ 540 and unburned part > 50

EN 60332324 (for d ≥ 12mm) Flame propagation [m] 2.5

EN 60332324 (for 6mm < d < 12mm) 2.5

EN 60332324 (for d ≤ 6mm) 1.5


PRODUCT CATALOGUE

Smoke production andtoxicityThere are two test methodsdetailed in EN 455452 that can beused for determining the toxiccomposition of gases and fumesgenerated by the combustion ofspecified railway products. Thesetwo methods, EN ISO 56592 andNF X 701001 are described asfollows:

EN ISO 56592 SmokeDensity Chamber withFTIR Toxicity TestApparatusThis method consists of a smokedensity chamber as described inEN ISO 56592 and an FTIR toxicitytest and sampling system. The twoinstruments dedicated respectivelyto the analysis of the opacity of thesmoke and to the qualitative andquantitative analysis of gasesemitted during the test, are capable

of operating simultaneously as wellas independently using two specificprocedures for the acquisition ofFTIR spectra and smoke opacity.

The NBS Smoke Density Chamber(SDC) has been established formany years and is used widely in allindustrial sectors for thedetermination of smoke generatedby solid materials and assembliesmounted in the vertical positionwith a closed chamber. It measuresthe specific optical density of

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Figure 11: FTT Smoke Density Chamber



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smoke generated by materials,when an essentially flat specimen,approximately 25mm thick, isexposed vertically to a heat sourceof 25kW/m2, in a closed chamber,with or without the use of a pilotflame. The FTT smoke densitychamber has been designedspecifically to incorporate the ISO 5659 Conical Radiant Furnace.This extends the potential of theSDC by allowing testing at heatfluxes up to 50kW/m2, horizontalorientation of the specimen andthe measurement of mass loss rateof the specimen.

Features of the FTT NBS SmokeDensity Chamber include:• Test chamber with full width

opening door, allowing easyaccess for sample loading andchamber cleaning.

• Photomultiplier control unitwith all manual controls anddigital display of optical densityand relative intensity. Computersetting for use with FTT softwareto perform automatic control ofthe test procedure on the SDC.

• Controls are mounted besidechamber for convenientoperation. They are notobstructed when the door isopen.

• Smoke density and temperatureare on digital displays, for easieruse and greater accuracy.

• Chamber walls are preheatedfor easier startup andconvenient equipmentoperation.

• Safety blowout panel, easilyreplaceable, allows for safeoperation of test method.

• Gas measurement ports areprovided, for optionalmeasurements of toxic gases.

• Cabinet designed with astandard 19" rack, for simpleaddition of gas analysers, chartrecorder and other control units.

• Air cooled radiometer forfurnace flux calibration.

The FTT SDC is supplied with asoftware package called SmokeBox,which is designed as a dataacquisition and presentationpackage allowing either manual orautomatic control. This enables amore efficient use of theinstrument, leading to larger dailythroughput of testing andenhanced quality graphical datapresentation.

‘SmokeBox’ is a Microsoft Windowsbased package which collects testdata and assists with all calibrationroutines.

According to EN 455452, theoptical density of flat products, i.e. interior walls, floor coverings,seat backs and seat coveringsshould be determined using theclosed chamber according to EN ISO 56592.

The smoke opacity during thecombustion of the material isdetermined measuring theattenuation of a white light beamby the effluents.

The obscuration produced from thesmoke is measured as a fraction ofthe light intensity reaching thephotometric detector in thepresence of smoke to the valuecorresponding to the luminoustransmission in the absence ofsmoke before the start of the test.

Two different levels of irradiancehave been standardised, dependingon the application of the product:• 50kW/m2 with no additional gas

ignition source.• 25kW/m2 with an additional gas

ignition source.

The exposure conditions of the testspecimen in the smoke chamberare radiant heat with or withoutapplication of a pilot flame. Forlarge area products such as wallsand ceilings, the test specimensshall be exposed to radiant heatflux conditions that simulate adeveloped stage of a fire; that is aheat flux of 50 kW/m2 without apilot flame.

For floor coverings that generallyreceive lower levels of radiant heatduring a fire, the test specimensshall be exposed to a radiant heatflux of 25 kW/m2 with a pilot flame.

The optical density of the smokeproduced is measured continuouslyby an optical system. Toxic effluentsare analysed using FTIRSpectroscopy. For assessment oftoxic gases from railway productsthe Conventional Index of Toxicity(CIT) is used which is alwayscalculated from test data and isdimensionless. The analysis of the spectrum collected during thetest determines the concentrationof gases.

According to EN 455452 theanalysis is carried out using theequipment and the procedures fortesting and calibration described inISO 19702.


PRODUCT CATALOGUE

The 8 gas components need to beanalysed and their referenceconcentrations (see Table 8).

FTT FTIR is a modular constructionthat typically comprises of a FTIRgas analyser, heated sampling unitand an industrial PC which aremounted in a 19" cabin. The FTIRgas analyser is an integral part ofthe system which allowssimultaneous measurement ofmultiple gas compounds. Typicallyconcentrations of H2O, CO2, CO,SO2, NO, NO2, HCl, HF, HBr, HCN,NH3, etc. are continuouslymeasured. The FTIR gas analyser

has a multipass sample cell whichis heated to 180°C and featuresgold plated mirrors with protectiveMgF2 coating which ensures highperformance even in high watervapour concentrations or corrosivegases.

NF X 70100 Toxicity Test ApparatusThis method is based on theexposure of 1 g of test specimen.The test apparatus and conditionsfor this method are described in NF X 701002 with additional gasanalysis information provided inEN 455452.

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Table 9: Test method to be used for determination of Conventional Index of Toxicity (CIT)

Product EN ISO 56592 Smoke Chamber with FTIR NF X 701002

Products with large areas or significant surface areas; e.g. interior walls, floor coverings, Yes Noseat backs and coverings

Nonlisted products; e.g. minor mechanical components No Yes

Figure 12: FTT NF X 701002 / EN 5026723 Toxicity Test

Table 8: Reference concentrations of the gas components according to ISO 19702

Gas component Reference concentration (mg/m3)

CO2 72,000

CO 1,380

HBr 99

HCl 75

HCN 55

HF 25

NOx 38

SO2 262

The exposure conditions of the testspecimen in the tube furnace aregenerally set at 600°C, a fixedventilation condition whichrepresents a developing firecondition for railway products.

When the CIT for a product on arailway vehicle is required, only onemethod is used for the testing, gasanalysis and calculation of CIT. The method to be used is shown inTable 9.

The test conditions specified for usewhen performing EN ISO 56592 orNF X 701002 depend upon theapplication and position of the



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product on the railway vehicle. The conditions selected arerepresentative of fires that mayimpact on the railway product,during either the developing stagesor the developed stage of a fireinside or outside the railwayvehicle.

EN 61034 3 Metre CubeSmoke Test ApparatusThe 3 Metre Cube is used formeasuring smoke emission whenelectric cables are burned underdefined conditions, for example, afew cables burned horizontally.These units are produced to meet

the specification used in manyelectric cable tests. The unit can be supplied in a selfassembly kitform or can be fully installed by FTT Engineers.

The equipment comprises of:• A 3 metre cubic chamber

assembly• Photometric system, stands,

fans and sample mountingframes

• Extraction fan and ducting• Chart recorder or Windows

based operation software.

Figure 13: FTT EN 61034 3M Cube Smoke Test Apparatus


Table 11: Requirements concerning Smoke Production of Electric Cables for EN 610342 test

Requirement set Test parameter Minimum threshold

HL1 HL2 HL3

R15 Transmission % 25 50 70

R16 – 25 50

PRODUCT CATALOGUE

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Table 10: Requirements concerning Smoke Optical Density and Toxicity of Listed Products

Requirement set Test method reference Test parameter and unit Maximum threshold

HL1 HL2 HL3

R1, R2, R6, R11, R12 EN ISO 56592: 50kW/m2 DS(4) 600 300 150

VOF4 [min] 1200 600 300

CITG 1.2 0.9 0.75

R3 EN ISO 56592: 50kW/m2 DS(4) – 480

VOF4 [min] – 960 480

CITG 1.2 0.9 0.75

R4 EN ISO 56592:50kW/m2 CITG 1.2 0.9 0.75

R5 EN ISO 56592: 25kW/m2 DS max 300 250 200

CITG 1.2 0.9 0.75

R7 EN ISO 56592: 50kW/m2 DS max – 600 300

CITG – 1.8 1.5

R8, R9 EN ISO 56592: 25kW/m2 DS max – 600 300

CITG – 1.8 1.5

R10 EN ISO 56592:25kW/m2 DS max 600 300 150

CITG 1.2 0.9 0.75

R17 EN ISO 56592: 50kW/m2 DS max – 600 300

CITG – 1.8 1.5

R20 EN ISO 56592: 25kW/m2 DS max 200 200 200

CITG 0.75 0.75 0.75

R21 EN ISO 56592: 25kW/m2 DS max 300 300 200

CITG 1.2 0.9 0.75

R22 EN ISO 56592: 25kW/m2 DS max 600 300 150

NF X 701001 and 2 600°C CITNLP 1.2 0.9 0.75

R23 EN ISO 56592: 25kW/m2 DS max – 600 300

NF X 701001 and 2 600°C CITNLP – 1.8 1.5



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The Oxygen Index test is specified in EN 455452 for testingignitability of listed and nonlisted plastic products, e.g. internal andexternal seals, isolators, and PCBs. It is also one of the mosteconomical and precise quality control tests for combustiblematerials. Its ease of use together with high levels of precision hasmade this technique a primary characterising quality control tool tothe plastic and electric cable industries and it has been specified byseveral military and transport groups.

The technique measures the minimum percentage of oxygen in thetest atmosphere that is required to marginally support combustion.

The FTT Oxygen Index (OI) and Temperature Oxygen Index (TOI) offermany improvements such as the latest oxygen analyser technologyfor high accuracy, reliability and long operating life.

Table 12: Requirements concerning Oxygen Index test

Requirement set Test parameter Minimum Threshold

HL1 HL2 HL3

R22 Oxygen Index % 28 28 32

R23

R24

EN ISO 45892 Oxygen Index Test

Figure 14:FTT Oxygen Index Test

Table 13: Requirements concerning Vertical Flame Test

Requirement set Test parameter Minimum Threshold

HL1 HL2 HL3

R26 Vertical small flame test V0

EN 606951110 Vertical Flame TestThe EN 455452 specifies the EN 606951110 fortesting small electrotechnical products, e.g. lowerpower circuit breakers, overload relays, contactors, etc.

The FTT EN 606951110 Vertical Flame Test Apparatusfeatures digital test duration timers, high precision gascontrol system and a bench mounted draft freestainless steel combustion chamber having a largeinside volume.

The chamber is fitted with an interior light and exhaustfan to enable simple evacuation of combustionproducts from the tests. The apparatus can also complywith UL 94 and several FAR Bunsen burner tests withaddition of the dedicated accessories.

Figure 15:FTT Vertical Flame Test Apparatus


PRODUCT CATALOGUE

EN ISO 1182 Noncombustibility TestThe EN ISO 1182 NonCombustibility Test andEN ISO 1716 Bomb Calorimeter arespecified in the EN 135011 toclassify A1 and A2 classconstruction products.

Brake resistors used in rolling stock,e.g. casing and any heat shields, aretested to this Euroclass criteria. TheEN ISO 1182 test identifies productsthat will not, or significantly not,contribute to a fire, regardless of

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Figure 16: EN ISO 1182 Noncombustibility Test

EN 455452Although EN 455452 is publishedand operable in April 2013, CEN/TC 256 WG 1 is still working toimprove the test methods used forboth seating and toxic gasmeasurement.

Please contact us for the latestchanges and development of thisstandard..

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