FIRESCAPE

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FIRESCAPEDahej, Gujarat, India

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

To my instructors and all my classmates in Landscape Urbanism of the AA, especially tothe helps from Shruti Dabir and Gunjan Rustagi during the eld trip in India, as well as to

the great supports from my team-mate, Ayumi Nakagawa, over the year.

Also, to the following individuals who provided local information to this project:

Shirley BallaneySr. Principal Planner

HCP Design and Project Management Pvt. Ltd. (HCPDPM)Partiosh, UsmapuraAhmedabad, India

Bimal PatelDirector

HCP Design and Project Management Pvt. Ltd. (HCPDPM)Partiosh, UsmapuraAhmedabad, India

Ranvir ShanChairman

Graduate School of DesignHarvard University

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FIRESCAPE

AA Landscape Urbanism 2012-2013

Final Project Booklet

Submitting: Ada Chang Liu, Ayumi Nakagawa

Visiting Studio Master: Eva Castro

Master Co-Director:Jose Alfredo RamirezEduardo Rico

Design Tutor: Clara Oloriz

Seminar Tutors:Tom SmithDouglas Spencer

Architectural Association School of Architecture

London, September 2013

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0. Introductions

AA Landscape Urbanism Abstract

1. Contexts and Argument

Growth of India: Global Context Growth of India: Indian Context Growth of India: Conclusion Site Overview Governmental Proposal

Petrochemical Industry Risk of Fire Demolishment of Existing Fabric Fire and City Fire Resistant Landscape Vision

2. Strategy

Design Strategy

3. Implementation of Strategy on Site

1. Re-connect the Existing Fabric 2.1 Escape Route Design

2.2 Escape Network System 3.1 Industrial Fire Resistant Fabric 3.2 Residential Fire Resistant Fabric 4.1 Berm Fabrication Process 4.2 Berm Section

4. Phasing

Development of Dahej in Phases Developing Phases Matured Phases

Growing Behaviors

5. Ground Construction

Evolution Scale Boundary Shifting Process Study1: Role of Pond in Dahej Area Organization Structure Prototype Construction Prototype Escape Route Network Study2: Role of Pond in Urban Setting Study3: Activity around Pond Prototype Plan Development Prototype Section Development Landscape Topography, Step, and Architecture

Firescape Overview

6. Appendix

Appendix A: Industrial Cycle Trend Appendix B: Study Case of Fire Risk Appendix C: Fire Resistant Technique Bibliography Image Reference

CONTENTS

09

55

33

8937

61

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FIRESCAPE / DAHEJ, GUJARAT, INDIA6

The discipline of Landscape Urbanism is, by denition, transdisciplinary. Whilst drawing upon

the legacy of landscape design, it integrates knowledge and techniques from environmental

engineering, urban strategy and landscape and political ecology. This is achieved through

the use of digital design tools deploying the science of complexity and emergence. All these

means are combined to project new interventions in an urbanism conceived as social, ma-

terial, ecological and modulated by the spatial and temporal forces in the which it operates.

Landscape Urbanism engages both critically and opportunistically with the plans for Del-

hi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor, a mega-infrastructure project linking the political and busi-

ness capitals of India, We are exploring the generation of proto-strategies for new large-scale

agglomerations as a means of critically addressing the phenomena of mass-produced cities.

AA Project Review 2013

AA LANDSCAPE URBANISM

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LANDSCAPE URABNISM 2012-2013 7

ABSTRUCT

The Firescape project explores the role of re resistant infrastructure as a mediator to create

a time- and space-sensitive model for industrial cities. Based on the specic economic and

social situation in India, the Firescpape project challenges the boundary between the industry

and city, in particular:

The Firescape acts as a exible boundary that negotiates the growth of the industry and city

over different stage of industrialization.

The Firescape provides more than the safe city environment by separating the potential re

risk of the industry from the urban activities. It also houses public space in order to improve

the local workers life quality.

Taking advantage of the exiting economic and social fabric, the Firespcape merges the tradi-

tional spatial use to the new created urban area.

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CONTEXTS AND ARGUMENT

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GROWTH OF INDIA : GLOBAL CONTEXT

Manufacturing as Percent of GDP 1980-2010

PercentofGDP

Year

Since the late mid- 20th Century, a few countriesin Latin America, Asia and Africa such as China,

India and Brazil have experienced substantial in-

dustrial growth, fuelled by exporting to countries

that have bigger economics such as U.S and the

EU. These countries are those economies have

not yet reached developed country status but

have outpaced their developing counterparts.

These countries are undergoing rapid economic

growth, usually export-oriented. Their common

features include 1:

A switch from agricultural to industrial

economies, especially in the manufactur

ing sector.

An increasingly open-market economy, allow

ing free trade with other nations in the world.

Large national corporations operating in sever

al continents.

Strong capital investment from foreign coun

tries.

Political leadership in their area of inuence.

Rapid growth of urban centers and population.

According to the Goldman Sachs review of

Emerging economics, by 2005 the largest econo-

mies in the world will be China, USA, India, Brazil

and Mexico 2.

As manufacturing in most of the industrial coun

tires are taking less presentation of their GDP,

Indias manufacturing has been growing rapidly

in the last 10 years. Indias economy beneted

greatly from information technology and call

center jobs for economic growth. Very few oth-

er emerging economies have had alternatives to

manufacturing to grow their economies quick-

lyIndia still is manufacturing far below their po-

tential for several reasons: poor infrastructure,

incredibly poorly functioning bureaucracy stand-

ing in the way of manufacturing business op-portunities and corruption. Without addressing

these issues much more successfully it is hard for

me to believe they will become a serious manu-

facturer 3.

Source:

1. CIA World Factbook, 2013

2. Golden Sachs, 2005

3. Curious Cat Investing and Econom-

ics Blog, 2012

http://investing.curiouscatblog.net

India in the World Industry Map

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Advanced Economics

In Transition

Less Developed

Least Developed

Newly Industrial Countries

Devleped and Developing Countries

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GROWTH OF INDIA : INDIAN CONTEXT

PERCENTATAGE OF COUNTRIES IN DEFAULT

1800 1820 1840 1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2007

0

10

20

30

40

50

60% 1826-28 Argentina, Greece, Chile, Mexico,Brazil, Colombia, Guatemala,Venezuela, Ecuador

1833 Mexico

1837 Spain, Portugal

1870-1890,Argentina,Chile, Mexico,Colombia, Peru,Turkey, Bolivia,Uruguay,

Venezuela

1932-1945 Austria, Germany, Italy,Greece, Hungary, Colombia, Brazil,Japan, China, Turkey

1998 Russia, Ukraine

1989Argentina

2000Ecuador

2001Argentina

Year-ended

Quarterly

%

8

4

0

-41999 2001 2003 2005 2007

INDIA GDP PERCENTAGE CHANGE

Because India increasing involve into global

economy, global economic uctuation has in-

creased its impact on the economy and indus-

tries in India. According to the ciclye of global

economic crisis, the frequency of the economic

cirsis has become more often in this two decades

than before. There are 4 major international eco-

nomic crises during 1989-2001, which also affect

to the other countries including India. While in

the years before 1989, economic crises lasted

longer but the global effect is not smaller.

Unstable Economy

For the domestic economic growth in India, the

GDP growth is generally increasing over the past

10 years because of the exported oriented in-

dustries. However, this means that the domestic

economy is more fragile to protect itself from the

global crisis. Therefore, the future GDP growth

for a newly industrial country like India remains

uncertain.

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Diverse Decision Makers

MasterPlan

Government

NCP

Congress

BJP

CPM

SPBSP

Foreign

Inverster

PrivateDeveloper

Villager Landholder

Land-lessFarmer

India is a diverse country with numbers of na-

tionalities, religions and political parties. Decision

making process is inuenced by different pow-

ers. Similar for the future city proposal, the mas-

ter plans for the future cities (most of the future

townships that under proposed are driven by the

growth of industry) are affected by different ac-

tors such as foreign investors and private sector

to provide nancial support for the infrastruc-

ture. Government that composited by different

political parties could change the direction of the

master plan depends on which parties in power.

The power for the villagers also affects the pro-

cess of land acquisition. Even tough the master

plan itself is already depends on many actors, the

change of relationship and cooperation amongthose actors makes the process to achieve some

visions of future city more complicated and un-

certain.

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GROWTH OF INDIA : CONCLUSION

Future of Industrial City

Lately, trends emerge that indicate that the age of

manufacturing is not over, not even in the United

States. New York City recently started a Made

in New York campaign to emphasize its man-

ufacturing that other cities have since adopted.Meanwhile industrial centers in the developing

world may leapfrog straight into an era where in-

dustrial production can be made sustainable and

well- integrated into cities.

Future of Industrial City

Cities have historically grown exponentially with

industrialization; in the developed world, they

shrank when the secondary sector declined.

Compared with the past industrial economies,

the next wave of manufacturing will differ great-

ly. Improvements in productivity and global

competition mean a bleak future for large scale,

low value-added, routinized production. The era

where an assembly plant provided thousands of

good jobs at good wages is a thing of the past

other than for the lucky few. This posts a ques-

tion of what need to be done for the future in-

dustrial city.

One answer is to build a new industrial city fo-

cusing on small-scale craft and specialty manu-

facturing with high value added.

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Project Intension and Application

Even in this modern age of service and knowl-

edge economies, manufacturing is still essen-

tial. Clean and exible technologies, combined

with increasing cost for transportation, will bring

manufacturing back to cities. Production facilities

can be stacked and mixed with other uses, tting

well into an urban environment. This trend has

just begun and can become much stronger. A re-

naissance in manufacturing and advanced tech-

nologies, paired with a widespread live where

you work mentality, represents important op-

portunities for future industrial cities, as well as

old industrial centers.

Project Intension and Application

Firescape Project is a experiment to explore the

relationship between industries and the city, and

to challenge the boundary between them over

the life cycle of industrialisation. Combining

landscape techniques, the Firescape project nav-

igates the way to lead the future industrial city in

a developing country towards to the new model

of industrial city under the current economic tur-

bulence and complex India context. This exper-

iment can also shed the light to the campaign

of the manufactory naissance in the developed

world.

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SITE OVERVIEW

Port of Dahej

Gujarat State Dahej

Villages & Agriculture

Port & Industries

Gujarat is one of the fast developing state locat-

ed in the west of India. Dahej is an all weather

direct berthing multi cargo port situated on the

Southwest coast of Gujarat, in the Gulf of Cam-

bay, at the junction of Guljaria and Ban Creek. It

is a natural deep-water port with draft availability

ranging up to 25m depending upon the length of

the trestle proposed for construction of a berth-

ing arrangement. The port is about 45 kilometres

from Bharuch, which is now being connected to

the Port of Dahej through a broad gauge rail sid-

ing with an initial capacity of 25-30 rakes a day.

Because of the well-connected transportation,

a deep draft multi cargo berthing facility is be-

ing proposed with Dahej as per the directions of

Gujarat Maritime Board. In addition to this thereare four other port facilities at Dahej, owned by

Petronet LNG Limited (including bulk terminal

sub-concussed at Dahej, owned by Petronet LNG

Limited (including bulk terminal sub-concussed

to Adani), GCPTCL, Birla Copper and Reliance In-

dustries.

Area: 180 Sq. kmFocus Sector: Petrochemical & ChemicalTargeting Population: 15,000

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Villages provide basic infrastructure to house the local

farmers and immigrated workers for the new-developed

industries. The growth rate of the village population is

decreasing over year because of the industrialisation in

this area.

Industries are growing in Dahej. Currently, there are

over 50 petrochemical industries on site. Most of the

employment is from the nearby cities. Hundreds of in-

dustries are proposed to come in the near future.

Most of the lands are covered by agriculture. The major

agriculture products in Dahej are rice and cotton. How-

ever, the area of agriculture land is declining because of

the land acquisition for the industries.

Several jetties for import of crude material such as cop-

per, gas and coal were built to support the local indus-

tries.

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Area: 453 Sq. kmFocus Sector: Petrochemical & ChemicalTargeting Population: 1,400,659

Labour &Materials

Labour &Materials

ImportedMaterials

GOVERNMENT PROPOSAL

Petrochemical Industrial City

The industries employ large number of workers

out of Dahej. However, local infrastructure and

housing are under developed. This results in an

increasing heavy daily commute. New townships

and infrastructure are demanded to cater the

rapid growth of the industries. Facing the pres-

sure of the growing industries and demand of

local new townships, the local government pro-

posed a industrial city of 453 sq kilometre.

Gujarat PCPIR (GPCPIR) is a specically delineat-

ed Investment Region planned for the establish-

ment of facilities for petroleum, chemicals and

petrochemicals. PCPIR located at Dahej, is spread

over the blocks of Vagra and Bharuch, South Gu-

jarat.

Future GPCPIR is estimated to sustain 1,400, 659

residing population. Infrastructure Development

will achieve USD 727 billion. Leading by the an-

chor tenant: the ONGC Petro additions Limied

(OPaL), investment that already committed was

USD 205 billion.

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Local accommodation and infrastructure is un-

matched with the development of the industries.Common housing near industrial construction in

Dahej is simple temporary shelters which does

not provided proper lighting and water.

Most of the employees of the industries in Dahej

is from the near by cities. Typical travelling time

to work at Dahej is about one hour for one trip

by bus provided by the industries, or private mo-

torcycles.

The Industries is growing rapidly in Dahej. Large-

scale industrial facilities such as coal track were

built to transport material more efciently. Major

infrastructure was built to connect to the nearby

cities.

Contraditions

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PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY

Singapore is a small country with only 700 square

kilometres, but with good condition of cargo

port. Limited by the area and dense population,

a 70 hectares articial island: Jurong Island was

built to create a petrochemical hub of Singapore.

Jurong Island is 40 kilometres away from the city

center. All the toxic and ammable industries are

located on the island with underground pipelines

and storage for petrochemical material storage

and transportation. Petro-relative manufactory,

ship building industries and logistic facilities are

located near the harbour of Singapore, facing the

Jurong Island. Between the industries and comm-

Industrial Town Organisation:Jurong Island, Singapore

rcial area, a large piece of linear green space that

acts as a buffer separates the industries with the

dense residential area and commercial area.

Open space for buffer is about 50% of the area

of the whole island.

The accessibility of petrochemical industries is

also limited to only industrial employees and

guests for security reason.

Petrochemical Industry

Petro-related Industry & Cargo

Green Space

Residential Area

Commercial Area

open sapce: 50%

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Detail study of the industries organisation within

the Chemical Industry Park shows that factories

that produce lower value product have lager in-

dustrial pot, fewer employment, and higher am-

mability level than factories that produce higher

value products. Petrochemical industries can be

groups into the following 4 types based on the

value of product, size, employment and amma-

bility.

Composition of Industries:Chemical Industry Park,

Shanghai, China.

Hydrocabon Feedstock

Building Block

Gas Cracker

Large Scale Intermediate

Oil Refnery

Medium Scale Intermediate

Fertiliser

Plastic

Small Scale Intermediate

Engineering

Chemical

Size Employment Product Value Flammable Level

Type 0 Industry Type 1 Industry Type 2 Industry Type 3 Industry

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RISK OF FIRE

A main issue of petrochemical industry to the cityand peoples life is the risk of re and explosion.

Depends on the re caused by different types of

petrochemical a factory, the level of re and ex-

plosion varies. The reasons for re and explosion

accidents of petrochemical industries could be

resulted from the inefcient re alarm, fail ad-

ministration, operation mistake, etc.

Even though the re speculated technology is in-

creasing, re accidents happen every year. In the

past 15 years, 123 major re and explosion acci-

dents of petrochemical industries resulted over

150 dead and billions of cost of the industries.

For example, a recent re accident happened in

a fertilizer factory in Taxes, U.S. caused 16 dead,

150 injured, and over 150 buildings in the sur-

rounding neighbourhoods (including industrial

and residential buildings) destroyed and dam-

aged. Petrochemical industries required special

spatial arrangement in the city because of its risk

of re and explosion.

Fire Accidents of Petrochemical Industry

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Typical Industrial City

Industry City

DEMOLISHMENT OF EXISTING FABRIC

Considering the risk of re and other toxic emis-sion of the petrochemical industries. A typical

way to arrange a petrochemical industrial city is

to isolate the industries area from the city. From

the study case of Jurong Island in Singapore and

Chemical Industry Park in Shanghai, the separa-

tion between the industries and the city is evi-

dent. For example, the Chemical Industry Park is

located near a port 45 kilometres away from the

Shanghai city center; While the Jurong Island is

an isolated island 40 kilometres away from Sin-

gapore. This spatial arrangement is efcient for

industrial production, but it requires large area of

empty space for the agglomeration of industries.

It

In most of the case, water, green space and ag-

riculture lands can be a buffer between industry

district and the other city facilities to ensure the

safety of urban facilities and peoples life from

the risk of re and explosion, as well as other

dangerous emission of petrochemical industries.

Separation of Industries and City

picture of Chemical Industry Park inShanghai (top), and Jurong Island inSingapore (down)

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Governmental Master Plan on Dahej

Industry City

Number of DemolisingVillage: 40

Relocating Population: 15,000

Following the typical way of arranging the pet-rochemical industry in the city, the governmental

master plan proposes a industry district in the

west of Dahej near the river port, while a new

township is proposed on the east side of Dahej

port.

The separation of the industry and city required a

demolishment of around 40 villages on site. The

demolishment is affected over 15, 000 villagers

and total areas around 200 square kilometres.

These proposal associated land acquisition and

land compensation. However, land acquisition

and compensation in India has been the main

conict in the process of industrialisation in India.

Unfair land acquisition process and compensa-

tion caused farmers protest and social instability.

Relocation of Local Villagers

Farmers marched 22 kilometersto New Delhi in Oct, 2012

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FIRE AND CITY

In the city of Edo (todays Tokyo, Japan), frequent

occurring of city-scale re was one of the main

issues. As a fact, Saito and Tabata (1992) explain

that city-scale re happened 89 times during the

Edo Period of 286 years, which means once in 3

years.

To deal with the re, the government introduced

re resistant landscape in addition to creation of

re ghters association and architecture regu-

lation. The re resistant strategy was composed

of three elements; open at area, expansion of

road, and embankment.

City Fabric Developed with Fire Preventing Technique

Bousaihaku (n.d.) Fire after Earth-quake, [drawing] (Bousaihaku)

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Embankment was introduced to enforce the re

resistance of open spaces and expanded roads

in the city of Edo. One example is Hakugin-cho

embankment. It was 1050m in length, 20-30m in

width, about 7.2 meter high, and it had planta-

tion of top. Santo and Tabata (1992) explain that

this embankment was set to specically protect

adjacent merchant district. Some of the embank-

ment still exists today, and they offer recreational

space for citizens.

In a modern city, one of the strategies to deal

with re is to create re resistant landscape be-

tween neighbourhoods. First, cluster is created

by identifying community group. Each cluster can

be modied to around 65 hector, and re resist-

ant landscape is introduced between those clus-

ters. Then, the expanded roads are introduced

as re resistant landscape. In this way, when re

happens in one cluster, the road can prevent it

for the re to move into the next cluster.

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Conventional Buffer Proposed Buffer

High Risk Industry High Risk IndustryLow Risk Industry BermResidential Area

Emergency Emergency

Daily Dailypollutionpark / garden / marketplaza

Residential Area

FIRE RESISTANT LANDSCAPE

From the previous study, two major re resistant techniques were identied. The

First one is landscaped berm. Fire resistant berm can perform better than conven-

tional buffer in case of re emergency, and it also can provide urban park on its

residential side slope for daily use.

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sport

Industry Cluster Residential Cluster A Residential Cluster B

Emergency Escape Area Hierarchy Daily Use

playground

plaza

urban park

communitygarden

communitygarden

streetmarket

streetmarket

plaza

plaza

Second technique is escape route network. This is composed of different levels of

refuge area and network. Safety level of Refuge area was identied in relationship

to its size, distance from urban setting, and other conditions such as whether if the

area has water resource or not. This technique makes sure that infrastructure system

develops in a way that it performs properly in case of emergency.

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Considering the different stages of industrialization,FIRESCAPEaims to design the model for industrial cities that is sensitive to the moment of

negotiationbetween industry and urban development,

integrationof traditional culture and new urban environment, and

separationof re risk and urban activity.

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STRATEGY

DESIGN STRATEGY

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PetrochemicalIndustrial City

Fire ResistingTechniques

ConventionalBuffer

LANDSCAPE TECHNIQUE INDUSTRY GROWTH ATTRACTION

Exisitng industries

Highway

SEZs

High

Medium

Low

GROWTH RATE

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CITY ORGANISATION

I

I R

R

RI

II R

R

R I

RI

II RR

RIR

R IR

RI

ConventionalBuffer

ConventionalBuffer

ConventionalBuffer




By using the Fire Resisting Landscape

Techniques, the Firescape project

explores possible ways to devel-

op industrial city for Dahej. In order

to meet the governmental target of

the future city of Dahej, the project

follows the quantity requirement

for industrial development in Dahej,

but explores a way that can handle

the different growth rate as well as

growth direction to challenge the or-

ganization of conventional industrialcities.

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IMPLEMENTATION OF STRATEGY ON SITE

1. RE-CONNECT THE EXISITNG FABRIC

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Conection level

High

Low

Connectivity of Existing Villages

Because the growth of industries di-

rectly link to the transportation con-nectivity, to take advantage to the ex-isting infrastructure and social fabric,we started to look at the connectivityof the local villages. The numbers ofthe circle around the villages showsthe level of connectivity of each vil-lage.

0 1 km2 5

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Connection Method

Village

Residential Area

Industrial Area

Model A Model B Model C

Governmental Master Plan Existing Condition Firescape Proposal

Proposed Residential Area

Assume that poor connected villages

will tend to attach the closest bet-ter-connected villages to form villageclusters. The area in yellow shows res-idential area around village clustersas the future residential areas to meetthe targeted area for residential land-use and the rest area will be for theindustries to develop.

0 1 km2 5

2.1 ESCAPE ROUTE DESIGN

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Pond in ProposedIndustrial Area

Pond in ProposedResidential Area

Proposed Residen-tial Area

Exisitng Pond

Pond Connection

Because the industries are amma-

ble, we use escape route techniqueto form the major road infrastructurefor the whole area in case emergency.This drawing shows the direct con-nection of each pond as future refugefor re escape.

Pond Connction

Escape Route

Highway & River

0 1 km2 5

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2.2 ESCAPE NETWORK SYSTEM

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Emergency Refuse Area Hierarchy

Primary EscapeNetwork

Secondary EscapeNetwork

Thirdly EscapeNetwork

Daily Use of Refuse Area

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Pond Connction

Escape Route

Highway & River Escape Route System

This drawing is showing the system ofescape network from the local refugearea around each pond to the externalnetwork through the escape routes.

Varaga

Aragama

Ankot

Dahej Jolva

Atali Bhelsli

Navetha

Kadodara

To Bharuch: 28km

To Muler: 24km To Amod: 32km

0 1 km2 5

3.1 INDUSTRIAL FIRE RESISTANT FABRIC

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Breaking down the continuing ammable fabric

is a common technique to prevent re spread in

the accidents. Typical example appears in the for-

est management. A large piece of forest usually

is break down by many small pieces to provide

access to many locations in the forest for man-

agement (plant, trim and harvest). More impor-

tantly, when re happens this breaking down

roads help to prevent re spread from one small

piece to the others, therefore, reduce the cost in

re accidents.

Firebreak

Direct Connetionbetween Ponds

Proposed IndustrialRefuge Area

Pond in PorposedIndustrial Area

Industrial Plot

Firebreaks in Industrial Area

Firebreaks in the industrial area areused as roads that specically needto be kept clean and clear in orderto prevent re spread in accidents.First, consider the easy water accessof existing water recourse for reextinguish and peoples safety. Sec-ond, the radian layout also serves asa guide for people to escape in the

emergency case.The existing ponds in the proposedindustrial area can be naturally trans-form into greeneries for entertain-ment use for the workers in normaltime. During re emergency, theyserve as refuge areas. Their centerlocation in the radiant layout informsthe refuge area by the daily use ofthem as greeneries or daily gatheringpoints.

Proposed Fire breakRoads for Industries

Navalcan, Portugal

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Tpye 1 Industry

Tpye 2 Industry Tpye 3 Industry

0.3-0

.4

0.2-0.3

0.0

8-0.2

As roads can help to prevent re

spread, the major roads for industrialarea are designed to ensure safety ofindustrial refuge area. And its radiatelayout also suggests the location ref-uge area for emergency use by dailyuse of the infrastructure.

Tpye 0 Industry

0.5-0

.8

Industrial Refuge Area

Industrial Road

Industrial FabricWidth of Fire-proof Streets

0 1 km2 5

3.2 RESIDENTIAL FIRE RESISTANT FABRIC

Primary Network

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.. .1 .. .

+

.. .12.8M3.5M 2M 3.5M2M

PEDESTRIAN PEDESTRIANBIKE BIKECAR (4 LANE)

Secondary Network

Thirdly Network

Primary Network

+

.. ..

+

2M 3.5M3.5M 2M 6.4M. .

PEDESTRIAN PEDESTRIANBIKE BIKECAR (2 LANE)

6M.

PEDESTRIAN + BIKE

Primary network connect pondin residential area to the pond inindustrial area. This connection iscritical in re emergency to trans-fer people to refuge area, hospitaland other civil facilities in the city.

Secondary network is to connecteach village into a larger city net-works in the residential area. Italso connects to the residentialponds as refuge areas to the restof the city.

Thirdly network is mainly for pe-destrian and bike to support thevery local use in the India context.People are encouraged to usenon-automobile vehicle in eachneighborhood.

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Residential Fabric

For the residential network we alsohave three hexarchies. The primaryroad connects the residential refugearea to the industrial refuge area forescaping to the external connection.The secondary and thirdly roads toconnect residential refuge areas to therest of the residential areas. And theyare focus on daily use within the resi-

dential areas.

0 1 km2 5

4.1 BERM FABRICAITON PROCESS

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Proposed Buffer

FlamerableIndustry

Emergency

Daily

park / garden /market plaza

BermResidential Area When the industrial fabric and res-idential fabric meet to each other,there are berms in between to sepa-rate the re to spread from industriesinto the residential area.

Protective Berm

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1.Movement Analysis

4.Berm Outline

People movement between industriesand residential area are analysed to helpto shape the berms placement.

Based on the orientation of the berm, themesh suggested the possible outline of

the berm.

1

3

3

3

0

0

100

100

200

200

m

m

Peoples Mov-ment

Berm Orientation

Berm Orientation

Entrance ofIndustry

Entrance ofIndustry

0

0

100

100

200

200

m

m

Main BermOrientation

Entrance ofIndustry

0 100 200m

Berm Orientation

Entrance ofIndustry

5.Path

3.Berm Orientation

6.Berm Plan

Different hierarchies of the roads decidethe number of the path that is required

for urban activities.

The berm orientation is negotiated withthe peoples movement.

Finally the berm is created based on themovement and function of both industrial

use and urban use.

2.Movement Negotiation

The main orientation of the berm nego-tiates the movement of people and theprotective function of the berm.

Berm Outline

0 100 200m

Near Primary Rd:1

Btw Primary and Thirdly Rd:

1-3

Near Thirdly Rd:3

4.2 BERM SECTION

We design a atter slope of the berm facing the residential sides

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FIRESCAPE / DAHEJ, GUJARAT, INDIA50I

a

b

b

c

d

Residential

Residential Side

Park Plaza Agriculture Market

Industry Side

Industry

0 100 200m

We design a atter slope of the berm facing the residential sidesto provide more urban land use and steeper slope on the indus-trial side to prevent peoples activity in case of re emergencyfrom the industries. Here are some sections example on one ofthe berm.

a

b

c

d

. . . .

. .

. . . .

. . . . . . . .

Residential Side Activity Catalog

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. . . .

2.00 10.00 2.00 10.00

. . . .

... ...

. .

. .

2.00 10.00 2.00 10.00

2.00 10.00 2.00 10.00

. . . .

. . . .

... ...

.

15.004.00 1.50

. .

.. .

. . .

... ...

CAFE

.

.

15.004.00 1.50

. . .

...

Park

Plaza

Agriculture

Horiculture

Plaza

15 degree slope

30 degree slope

Plaza with Cafe

Farm Land

Garden

.

.. .

. .

.. .

. . .

5.002.002.00 ...

.

. . . .

.. .

. .

.. .

. . .

... 5.002.002.00

Residential Side Activity Catalog

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PHASING

DEVELOPMENT OF DAHEJ IN PHASES

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HydrocabonFeedstock

BuildingBlock

GasCracker

LargeScaleIntermediate

OilRefnery

MediumScaleIntermedia

te

Fertiliser

Plastic

SmallScaleInterme

diate

Engineering

Chemical

Size Employment Product Value Flammable Level

Type0Industry

Type1Industry

Type2Industry

Type3Industry

The industrial types with different requirements on areas,

employments, investment, and impact on the environment

are signicantly effect the city that developed based on the

industries. From the research on industrialization and petro-

chemical industry, we know that types of industries changed

over time. In general, industries that produce lower value

per products and higher risk to the city (such as type 0 and

1 industry in Dahej) will be replaced by the industries that

produce higher value per products and lower risk to the city

(such as type 2 and 3 industry in Dahej) as the industries de-

velop to a matured phase.

Instead of seeing a city as an object, we see Dahej as a pro -

cess that driven by the development and changes of the in-

dustries. This development and changes are recorded by the

re resisting landscape techniques, which are the berms.

Because type 2 and 3 industries required less land and more

employment, the total industrial land use will decrease. This

abandon industrial lands will be turned into residential de-velopment to house more employment in the design. As the

boundary of between industrial land use and non-industri-

al lands use changes over time, new berms will be built to

defend the new developed residential area each time this

boundary changes. The city landscape records how the in-

dustry works with the city, similar to the river pattern records

the ooding history of itself.

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Phase 1

1%

3%

7%

5%

12%

4%

68%

2%

3%

17%

17%

9%

23%

31%

8%

8%

15%

12%

9%

40%

10%

9%

9%

11%

10%

9%

42%

10%

2020

13%

12%

8%

6%

9%

52%

10%

Industrial Development

Year

Type 3

Type 2

Type 1

Type 0

Boundary

Village

New Township

Agriculture

IndustryLand Use

Non-IndustryLand Use

2030 2040 2050 2060

Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 4 Phase 5

Buffer Development

Developing Phases Matured Phases

City Development

DEVELOPING PHASES

The industries grow from the existing

industrial location near the port Res-

Berm LocationPhase 1 (2020)

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industrial location near the port. Res-

idential clusters near the new devel-

opment industrial area are full devel-

oped. As the growth of the industrial

fabric and residential fabric, berms

grow when the residential area tough

the industrial area in order to prevent

re accident.

In Phase 3, the proposal achieves the

governmental master plan standard in

terms of quantity. Phase 2 (2030)

Phase 3 (2040)

Berm Location

Berm Location

MATURED PHASES

Boudary of ExpandedResidential Area

Origin

Bouda

15Degr

Phase 4 (2050)

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Boudary of ExpandedIndustrial Area

Boudary of ExpandedResidential Area

Boudary of ExpandedIndustrial Area

In Phase 4, Lower value industries shrink.The surrounding residential area expandsto the previous industrial area. Higher val-ue Industries, however, expand into thesurrouding residential area.

al

ary

Type3

Industry

Type2

Industry

Type1

Industry

Type0

Industry

NewBoundary

ree

30Degre

e40Degree

45Degree

55Degree

Industrial

Area

Res

idential

Area

CoreBlock

PeripharyBlock

OldBerm

New

Berm

In Phase 5, as more residential area are in

demand, more lower value industries turninto residential.

Phase 5 (2060)

GROWING BEHAVIORS

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42.02hectare

91.42hectare

50.52hectare

35.94hectare

198.84hectare

108.21hectare

64.45hectare

95.38hectare63.09hectare

44.42hectare

33.63hectare


58.95hectare

72.6hectare


23.55hectare

9.37hectare

44.08hectare

91.42hectare

66.62hectare

53.66hectare

61.9hectare

2.47hectare

197.33hectare

82.08hectare

121.55hectare

125.57hectare

152.58hectare

152.99hectare


87.35hectare

225.22hectare

188.65hectare

49.89hectare

45.85hectare

191.94hectare

47.16hectare

305.89hectare

100.82hectare

15.63hectare

20.06hectare

33.08hectare

77.93hectare

235.61hectare

24.33hectare

198.62hectare

95.1hectare

92.06hectare

10.99hectare

35.13hectare

73.85hectare

44.41hectare

22.51hectare

77.91hectare

60.47hectare

82.36hectare

85.38hectare

59.62hectare

60.62hectare

104.77hectare

98.07hectare

73.11hectare

10.29hectare


5.62hectare


123.58hectare

162.47hectare

622.09hectare

152.82hectare 44hectare

36.65hectare

166.23hectare

276.87hectare

178.63hectare

124hectare

226.75hectare

50.37hectare

24.73hectare

74.14hectare

34.82hectare

164.71hectare

48.33hectare

199.19hectare

120.66hectare

111.84hectare

427.85hectare

189.84hectare

113.51hectare

184.09hectare

116.01hectare


84.81hectare

154.71hectare

113.96hectare


49.63hectare

22.23hectare

18.23hectare

52.87hectare

84hectare

110.3hectare

68.47hectare

107.96hectare

328.78hectare

85.27hectare

55.85hectare

30.2hectare

22.43hectare

42.44hectare

137.07hectare

124.44hectare 116.19hectare140.9hectare

38.6hectare

79.05hectare

22.89hectare

37.73hectare

15.13hectare

53.09hectare

35.91hectare

6.31hectare

15.62hectare

13.47hectare

68.56hectare

61.64hectare

190.86hectare

187.75hectare

20.73hectare

38.35hectare

22.83hectare

10.37hectare

111.09hectare

13.75hectare

169.45hectare

22.5hectare

111.35hectare14.22hectare25.5hectare

53.98hectare

109.2hectare


161.69hectare

192.39hectare

1001.35hectare

74.74hectare

613.69hectare

358.13hectare

111.06hectare

953.89hectare


111.74hectare

109hectare182.62hectare

167.05hectare

483.81hectare

175.17hectare

423.95hectare

196.91hectare

391.47hectare

528.68hectare

131.03hectare

601.7hectare

382.8hectare

61.05hectare

302.97hectare

428.22hectare

186.02hectare


78.2hectare

55.09hectare

68.18hectare

58.96hectare


172.71hectare

70.38hectare

43.03hectare

66.96hectare




9.94hectare

53.12hectare

53.76hectare

36.19hectare

40.36hectare


383.59hectare

94.01hectare

88.87hectare

844.62hectare

408.15hectare

28.67hectare

27.64hectare

41.48hectare

109.91hectare

32.89hectare



158.65hectare

156.78hectare

77.28hectare

128.46hectare

338.63hectare

241.3hectare

68.68hectare


178.13hectare

23hectare

148.72hectare

153.67hectare

221.65hectare

133.03hectare

627.21hectare

180.56hectare

217.04hectare


66.74hectare

105.59hectare

24.52hectare

29.31hectare

9.94hectare

8.39hectare

22.02hectare


18.51hectare

8.55hectare

46.21hectare

13.33hectare

2.08hectare

6.58hectare

11.41hectare

19.54hectare

352.33hectare43hectare


22.24hectare

18.59hectare


156.7hectare

114.13hectare

323.34hectare

89.33hectare

108.82hectare

116.23hectare

202.56hectare

12.25hectare

37.21hectare

27.69hectare


38.64hectare



191.94hectare

520.47hectare

715.35hectare

466.56hectare

409.02hectare

151.67hectare


263.94hectare

239.79hectare

21.54hectare

117.44hectare

244.67hectare


88.48hectare

186.93hectare

105.65hectare


76.57hectare

49.47hectare

78.16hectare 20.53hectare

15.39hectare

211.22hec

66.431.64he

120.09hecta

161.57he

37

31.89hectare

83.8hectare

16

15

39.77

29.2hectar

7

183.43hectare

121.97hectare


47.37hectare

305.83hectare

231.1hectare

21.32hectare

14.46hectare

104.27hectare

196.54hectare

103.18hectare

63.31hectare

51.99hectare

143.03hectare




112.59hectare

198.38hectare

255.11hectare

69.89hectare

103.89hectare

59.27hectare

86.05hectare

162.15hectare

54.8hectare

85.44hectare

146.81hectare

247.47hectare


104.26hectare

129.15hectare

30.45hectare

27.09hectare

65.68hectare

2.17hectare

1

3

4

1. Incremental Growth

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tare26.53hectare

5hectaretare48.62hectare

15.32hectare

ctare

.65hectare54.97hectare

.87hectare124.3hectare

14.35hectare

.33hectare

32.34hectare

hectare

40.8hectare

37.05hectare

47.74hectare

151.86hectare

89.05hectare

120.28hectare

42.08hectare

29.76hectare

55.96hectare


118.57hectare

25.92hectare

102.62hectare

68.63hectare

268.41hectare

.66hectare

185.09hectare


68.76hectare

43.53hectare

59.47hectare

67.24hectare

147.78hectare

130.09hectare

159.46hectare

156.12hectare

75.09hectare

133.58hectare

106.27hectare

63.6hectare

44.97hectare

23.98hectare

25.03hectare

96.33hectare

98.74hectare

57.65hectare

369.52hectare

111.34hectare

135.99hectare



39.08hectare

78.06hectare

85.52hectare

102.63hectare

75.22hectare

28.29hectare

36.06hectare

166.93hectare

159.07hectare

220.2hectare

281.71hectare

263.33hectare

496.69hectare

273.46hectare

217hectare

710.17hectare

221.97hectare

153.37hectare

12.64hectare

207.64hectare

79.84hectare

153.3hectare

59.19hectare

94.4hectare

119.19hectare

67.63hectare

48.45hectare

139.29hectare


94.37hectare

5.24hectare

42.65hectare


128.21hectare


48.44hectare



65.47hectare

34.54hectare

75.64hectare

106.96hectare

84.52hectare

255.4hectare

73.57hectare


75.12hectare

75.18hectare

96.21hectare

88.18hectare

409.02hectare

98.51hectare

713.1hectare


121.37hectare

99.05hectare

48.45hectare

249.79hectare

106.99hectare

123.81hectare

190.82hectare


198.29hectare

1023.79hectare

359.4hectare

133.14hectare



123.1hectare

80.68hectare



45.85hectare

52.04hectare


61.54hectare

56.03hectare

36.03hectare

145hectare

57.47hectare

86.01hectare

125.52hectare

250.54hectare

267.59hectare

90.9hectare

60.79hectare

34.4hectare

144.11hectare

25.06hectare

26.2hectare

90.74hectare

377.51hectare

2

5

2. Steady Growth

3. Increasing Growth

4. Competitive Growth

5. Linear Growth

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GROUND CONSTRUCTION

167.05hectare

53.19hectare

101.52hectare

Ref:336

Ref:339

Ref:340Ref:341

1. Incremental GrowthBuilt environment and infrastructure in the city are more then

physical facility to support the development of the city. They

EVOLUTION

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88.87hectare

94.01hectare

383.59hectare

302.97hectare

61.05hectare

382.8hectare

601.7hectare

131.03hectare

528.68hectare

391.47hectare

196.91hectare

175.17hectare

182.62hectare

109hectare

111.74hectare

Ref:295

Ref:296

Ref:297

Ref:325

Ref:326

Ref:327

Ref:328

Ref:329

Ref:330

Ref:331

Ref:332

Ref:334

Ref:337

Ref:338

Ref:339

25.03hectare

23.98hectare

44.97hectare

63.6hectare

106.27hectare

133.58hectare

75.09hectare

156.12hectare

159.46hectare

130.09hectare

147.78hectare

67.24hectare

59.47hectare

43.53hectare

68.76hectare

96.82hectare

117.61hectare

185.09hectare

72.66hectare

268.41hectare

29.2hectare

39.77hectare

32.34hectare

154.33hectare

14.35hectare

Ref:140

Ref:141

Ref:142

Ref:143

Ref:144

Ref:145

Ref:146

Ref:147

Ref:148

Ref:149

Ref:150

Ref:151

Ref:152

Ref:153

Ref:154

Ref:155

Ref:156

Ref:157

Ref:158

Ref:159

Ref:177

Ref:178

Ref:179

Ref:180

Ref:181

217hectare

273.46hectare

496.69hectare

263.33hectare

281.71hectare

220.2hectare

159.07hectare

166.93hectare

36.06hectare

28.29hectare

75.22hectare

102.63hectare

377.51hectare

369.52hectare

57.65hectare

98.74hectare

96.33hectare

Ref:114

Ref:115

Ref:116

Ref:117

Ref:118

Ref:119

Ref:120

Ref:121

Ref:122

Ref:123

Ref:124

Ref:125

Ref:126

Ref:136

Ref:137

Ref:138

Ref:139

466.56hectare

520.47hectare

191.94hectare



38.64hectare

41.39hectare

177.31hectare

27.69hectare

37.21hectare

12.25hectare

202.56hectare

116.23hectare

108.82hectare

89.33hectare

323.34hectare

139.29hectare

Ref:217

Ref:219

Ref:220

Ref:221 Ref:222

Ref:223 Ref:224

Ref:225

Ref:226Ref:227

Ref:228

Ref:229

Ref:230

Ref:231

Ref:232

Ref:233

Ref:234

Ref:235

Ref:239

408.15hectare

844.62hectare

88.87hectare

483.81hectare

167.05hectare

109hectare

111.74hectare

53.19hectare

101.52hectare

953.89hectare

111.06hectare

358.13hectare

613.69hectare

74.74hectare

1001.35hectare

192.39hectare

Ref:293

Ref:294

Ref:295

Ref:335

Ref:336

Ref:338

Ref:339

Ref:340Ref:341

Ref:342

Ref:343

Ref:344

Ref:345

Ref:346

Ref:347

Ref:348

2. Steady Growth

3. Increasing Growth

4. Competitive Growth

5. Linear Growth

p y y pp p y y

also record the paths of the citys development.

The development of the burg cities are the typical example

to show how a ancient defensible city scape can be break

down and grow by multiplying its structure when population

increase over time. However, the previous structure still re-

mained as part of the new structure of the city.

Inspired by this structure, the groundwork creates the city

prototypes to achieve the demand of city expansion and re

resisting urban environment.

Start from the phase 4 of the mater plan, the demand of hous-

ing and the shifting of industries create the opportunity to

turn the previous industrial land into residential area. New

berms are created to protect the expanded residential area.

The process of the groundwork for the new berm creates dif-

ferent spatial conditions, while recording the path of develop-

ment on the site.

SCALE

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0 100 200

m

Residential Area

Industries

IndustrialArea

ResidentialArea Core Block Periphary Block

Old Berm

New Berm

STUDY 1 : ROLE OF POND IN DAHEJ AREA

Network Structure

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Main Circulation

Religious Space

Housing Distribution

DahejVadadla

Greenary

Local context was analysed so the groundwork pro-

vides not only safety, but environment that is familiarto the area.We found out that People in Dahej often use pond ascommunity centre. Interestingly, even a city can be ob-served as aggregation of those pond-cantered com-munity.

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City of Bharuch

Population: 168,729Area: 50 sq km

BoundaryResidentialGroundwork

Original

Industry

BOUNDARY SHIFTING PROCESS

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BoundaryResidential Industry

BoundaryResidential IndustryGroundwork


ResidentialDevelopment

Step 1

Step 2


Step 3

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y y

Residential IndustryBoundary


Groundwork

Groundwork




Step 4

Step 5

ORGANIZATION STRUCTUREORGANIZATION STRUCTURE

Berm Area Berm Area

Road Layout Option 1

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1. The main connection from the cell to the near-est highway was determinate, which also act asthe division of soil excavation in different phases.

2. Adopting the option 2 of the road layout. Thebasic orientation of the road network in the cell iscreated.

Rdlengh114mBerm

Height10m 5

Road Requirement on Berm

Berm Width

Berm Width

Berm Width

Max. Rd SlopeRd lengh

114 m

Rdlengh114m

Rdlenght

114m

Berm AreaBerm Area

Road Layout Option 2

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3. Based on the main orientation of the road net-work, father subdivision of blocks and roads aredeveloped.

4. The soil demand for different phases of bermconstruction determined the way to combinesome of the blocks into one. The green lines indi-cate the main connections of the cell.

5. Soil from most of the blocks are excavate forthe construction of the new berms, which willcreate pond. The location of pond are located inthe conjunction of the main connection for sharewater resource in the re emergency.

6. According to the excavation process, theshapes of ponds are created.

23036 m

86847 m

29975 m3

12182 m

6884 m

15983 m 3

11394 m

17940 m3

19482 m

10948 m

2425 m

3

33

3

3

3

3

3

PROTOTYPE CONSTRUCTION

Orginal

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Residential

Residential

Residential

Industry

Industry

Industry

B-1-1

B-1-2

B-1-3

B-1-4

Prototype B-110m

10m

20m

20m

30m

30m

Prototype B-1

Prototype B-2

B-1-1

B-2-1

B-2-2

B-2-3

B-2-4

B-1-2

B-1-3

B-1-4

Prototype B-2

The observation and cut and ll operationinformed the ground organization which isgoing to be constructed through the process ofboundary shifting.

The new berm is created through three con-struction layers. This creates three types ofground prototype with different step width. Thewidth is corresponding to the amount of soil

which is required for construction of each layerof the berm.

Step 1

Step 2

10m

20m

Prototype B-3

Step 3

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Residential

Residential

Residential

Industry

Industry

Industry

10m

10m

20m

20m

20m

30m

30m

30m

B-1-1

B-2-1

B-2-2

B-3-1

B-3-2B-2-3

B-2-4

B-1-2

B-1-3

B-1-4

B-1-1

B-2-1

B-2-2

B-3-1

A-1 (1)

A-1 (2)A-1 (4)

A-1 (3)

B-3-2B-2-3

B-2-4

B-1-2

B-1-3

B-1-4

Prototype A-2

B-1-1

B-2-1

B-2-2

B-3-1

A-1 (1)

A-1 (2)

B-3-2B-2-3

B-2-4

B-1-2

B-1-3

B-1-4

Prototype A-1

Those three ground types can collect rain water atits lowest point. We label those ground conditionsas prototype b.

The prototype A provides soil to reform the previ-ous industry side of existing berm.This prototype can happen at once or incremen-tally depends on several factors, such as available

budget, need for housing, and need for urban park.

Step 4

Step 5

Prototype A-1

Prototype B-3

Prototype A-2

PROTOTYPE

Prototype A-1

Type A

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Ground

Section

GroundPlan

Buildingon theGround

Existing Berm Residential Area

Prototype A Prototype B-1 Prototype B-1 Prototype B-2

Residential

A-1 (1)

A-1 (2)

A-1 (4)

A-1 (3)



Prototype A-2

Pr

Type B - 1

10m 20m 30m

Type B - 2 Type B - 3

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totype B-3

Newly Constructed Berm

Industry

Ground

Section

GroundPlan

Circulation

B-2-2 B-3-1B-1-4

PrototypeA is the ground condition that was created throughthe cut and ll to reform the slope of existing berm. Since theamount of soil excavation is small in this prototype and it doesnot create specic ground condition, any conventional hous-ing type can be constructed on the ground.

In contrast, prototypeB contains specic ground conditionthat was created as a result of cut and ll operation to con -struct new berm.

ESCAPE ROUTE NETWORK

[Daily Use][Emergency Escape Area Hierarchy]

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Existing Village Centre (level 2)

Prototype B Pond

(level 1)

sport

I nd us tr y Cl us te r Re si de nt ia l Cl us te r A Re si de nt ia l Cl us te r B

level 2

level 1

playground

plaza

urban park

communitygarden

communitygarden

streetmarket

streetmarket

plaza

plaza

The ponds constructed through theground excavation can be used as waterresource in case of emergency. The es-cape area network connects those pondand centre of existing village which per-forms as higher level of refuge area.

Level 2 Refuge AreaLevel 1

Level 1

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Existing Village

New Residential

B-1

B-2

B-3

A-1

New Residential

Level 1

Level 1

oribinal boundary

oribinal boundary

newest boundary

newest boundary

Escape Route

Network

GroundConstruction

Infrastructure

Berm

STUDY 2: ROLE OF POND IN URBAN SETTING

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Name: Banganga TankLocation: Munbai, IndiaBuilt Year: 1127 ADSystem: Spring fedFunction: Cultural Hub

Everyday Use

Banganga tank is located near the historical

district where some of the village housing has

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residential

religous centre

residential

bus stop

temporary retail

district where some of the village housing has

insufcient tap water. Direct circulation be-

tween each village building and the pond is

observed in everyday use for collecting tank

water and washing.

Because the Tank in India is a religious holy

place, many temples from different religions

are located near the pond. During tradition-

al and religious events, people from the city

come to the temple and then reach to the

tank. The tank as a attraction point in the city

is observed in during the religious use.

The linear connection from main transporta-

tion center to the tank is observed in interna-

tional events such as music festival or touristic

activities.

Religious Use

Event / Tourism

STUDY 3: ACTIVITY AROUND POND

Relationship between pond, step, building and activities that is specic in Banganga TankSection was analysed.

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1 1

2 2

33

bathingReligious Use

Everyday Use

Tourist/ EventUse

washing

praying

seating

play ground

walking

dry clothes

display pods

temporary retail

buildingpond

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Everyday Use

Religious Use

Tourist / Event Use

PROTOTYPE PLAN DEVELOPMENT

Event Circulation

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Circulationin Relatonship to Pond

Outline ofBuilding

Everyday

Event / Tourist

Everyday Circulation

Outline of building

Location of Temporary Retail(along tourist circulation)

public open space(adjacent to public facilities)

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ProgramDistribution

Public SpaceUse

Temporary Retail

Commercial

Religious

Open SpaceWater TankPlantation

Plantation(to provide shading to public space)

Water Feature

Religious Centre(at attracting point)

Retail

(along busy circulation path)

PROTOTYPE SECTION DEVELOPMENT

To create ground that can house observed activities, landscaped topography, stepping to pond, and architecture form were developed.

Also it was made sure that each level of ground has small retention pond. They are connected to the main pond through the pumping system for

them to function as water resource in case of re.

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event deck

temporary retailrooftop cafe

gathering

washing

seating

jogging

praying

washing

bathing

oversee decksky bridge

play ground

ecological pondsocial gathering

c

a

a

b

d

b

c

d

mercial

ommercial

Commercial

TemporaryRetail

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Built Surface

Circulation Path

Greenery

Ground

Commercial C

om

m

C

o C

Religious

T

Open Space

Open Space

Tourist Circulation

Attracting PointBusy Trafc

Rooftop Terrace

PondStep

LANDSCAPED TOPOGRAPHY, STEP, AND ARCHITECTURE

open space

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religiouscentre

terrace

pond

pond

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B-2-2

B-2-3

B-2-1

B-1-1

B-1-3

B-1-4

B-1-6

B-3-2B-3-3

B-3-2

A-2 (2)A-1 (1)

A-2 (1)

A-1 (2)10.3

10.09.88

3.2

13.4

15.5

14.0 14.25.0

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B-1-2

B-2-1

B-2-2

B-3-1

B-2-3B-2-4

B-1-1

B-1-2

B-1-3B-1-4

17.5

8.56

15.0

13.37.0

13.0 13.2

11.1

6.58.2 12.0

12.1

10.2

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APPENDIX

APPENDIX A:

INDUSTRIAL CYCLE TREND

Mid 1800 Mid 1900 1980 2013

Manufacturial Fall

RegentricationFinancial & Service Industry Prosperous

Trend of Industralisation

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Service & Finance Industry

Higher Value Manufactory

Lower Value Manufactory

Manufacturial Boom

Manufacturial Fall

Change of Industries

Textile Industiral Fall

Industrial Boom

UK

China

India

Manufacturial Boom

Infrastructurial Boom



History Record ofIndustrialisation

Manufactury Crisis

Shift of Industries

Compared with the trend of industrialisation in

UK, China, and India, different types of industries

dominate different stages in the life cycle of in-

dustrialisation. In the later phase of Industriali-

sation, higher value industry plays a main role

in the economy. Based on this observation, the

Firescape project predicts that Dahej will face a

industry shifting as the industry developed to-

ward matured stage.

Time

T ti l I d ti l F ll

Industrial BoomInfrastructurial Boom

Mid 1800 Mid 1900 1980 2013

Predition of Indias Industrial Trend

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Textial Industiral Fall

Historial Record:

Prediction Trend:

Shifting ofIndustries

2013 2040 2055

Governmental Master Plan

Firescape Proposal

Predition of Industry Shifting in Dahej

Time

APPENDIX B:

STUDY CASE OF FIRE RISK

San Juanic, Mexico City. 1984 (Type 0 Industry)

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200 m

200 m

San Juanic, Mexico City. 1984 (Type 0 Industry)

Phillis Complex 66, Huston, 1989 (Type 1 Industry)

Injured: 5,000-7 ,000

Dead: 300-400Affacted Area: 60,000 sq mCost: 41 billion

Injured: 314Dead: 26Affacted Area: 40,000 sq mCost: 360 million

Formosa Plastics Corporation, Illinois, 2004 (Type 2

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200 m

200 m

p , , ( yp

Indias Gujarate Namada Valley, Fertilisers Co, India, 2010 (Type 3 Industry)

Injured: 13Dead: 7

Affacted Area: 30,000 sq. mCost: 145 million

Injured: 16Dead:7Affacted Area: 2,4000 sq.mCost: 95 million

Affected Circle

Explosion Circle

Industrial Area

Green Space

Residential Area

APPENDIX C:

FIRE RESISTANT TECHNIQUE

Size of Open Space with Fire Preventing Functions in City of Edo

[ Passive Fire Resistant Technique ]

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Fire Extinction Factor in Tokyo Earthquake Fire 1923

The illustration shows thatpassive re extinction factor playedbigger role than human factor in cityscale re accident.

[ Active Fire Extinction Preparation ]

Location of Cistern for Residential Housing

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Water Supplies for Fire Fighting

Besides the use of passive re resistant

technique throughout various scales, activere extinction preparation was introduced tosmall scale design in order to take advantageof pond surrounding community structure.

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