Fire Protection Facilities, Emergency Response Plan Hydrocarbon Fire Fighting Techniques Hazards and...

Fire Protection Facilities,

Emergency Response Plan

Hydrocarbon Fire Fighting Techniques

Hazards and accident potentials

M.R.DWIBEDY

SPJM(HSE),IOCL PL, NOIDA

PRESENTATION ON

Workshop on‘Transportation of OIL & GAS through Pipelines’

FLOW OF PRESENTATION

Hazards and accident potentials• What is Hazard• Why to know about hazard• Kind of hazard• Special Risks Association with pipeline

transportation• Management control of hazards

Fire Protection Facilities • Basics of fire• Fire extinction principle• Types of fire protection facilities

What is Hazard

• Untoward incidents hidden behind the curtain of reality are called hazard.

• Unexpected events having damage potential for man or machine or property.

• Hazard is the potential to cause harm.

• A hazard is a situation in the workplace that has the potential to harm the health and safety of people or to damage plant and equipment.

Why to Know about the hazard

• If not handled properly they will result in accident/ disaster etc.

• To eliminate accidents.

• To minimise occurrence of accidents.

• To control the loss and damage that an accident may cause.

• To provide various protection measures to safe guard man and machine.

Kind of Hazards

A. Material

I. Alkali, Acid

II. Toxic Materials

III. Explosive materials

B. Conditions

I. Hanging loads

II. Slippery surfaces

III. Rotating machines

Kind of Hazards

C. Energyi. Heat due to Steam, Flame, Fire

ii. Electricity

iii. Noise

iv. UV radiation, cosmic rays, atomic radiation

D. Activities

i. Vehicle races

ii. Overhead construction iii. Swimming in sea and high current rivers

iv. Sky diving

Kind of Hazards

E. NATURAL i. Lightning,

ii. Earth quake

iii. Flood

iv. Cyclone

F. HUMAN ELEMENT i. Presence of enemy

ii. Lack of knowledge

iii. Wrong attitude

iv. Negligence

v. Adamant, egoistic , saboteurs

Special Risks Association withpipeline Transportation

Highly Inflammable hazardous material is handled.

High Pressure encountered in the process.

Ignition from outside on Leakage from System.

Loss of Containment/Accidental Releases.

Inapproachability to the leakage site to control the fire/Accident.

Restoration takes considerable time.

Pollution of environment

Payment of huge compensation

Management Control of Hazard

Discovering Causes

Eliminating Unsafe Actions

Eliminating Unsafe Condition

• Safe guarding all machines, equipments, work space etc.

• Rectifying or preventing defective conditions.

• Suitable & safe design & construction

• Safe arrangements, processes, methods of work etc.

• Suitable illumination

• Ventilation

• PPEs

• Job safety Analysis

• Investigation of accidents

• Inspection of Plant & equipments

• Recording & tabulation of data

• Analysis of data

•Personal Adjustment

•Safety Education and training

•Supervision

•Self discipline

What is Fire

An exothermic reaction resulting from combination of heat fuel and oxygen.

Fire involves rapid oxidation at high temperatures accompanied by the evolution of highly heated gaseous products of combustion and emission of visible and invisible radiation.

Initiation of fire requires combustible materials, oxygen and an energy source (heat) to provide ignition. Three components - fuel , oxygen & heat are referred as the fire triangle

Classification of Fire

Class-A - Fires involving ordinary combustible materials like wood,paper,textiles,rubber etc.

Class-B -Fires involving flammable liquids or liquefiable solids, such as oils, solvents, petroleum products,paints, varnishes etc.

Class-C - Fire involving gases or liquefied gases under pressure for eg. LPG, Hydrogen etc.

Class-D Fire involving combustible metal such as Magnesium, sodium Zinc, Titanium etc.

Classification of Petroleum Product

Petroleum Products are divided in to following

classes

Class A - Flash point < 23 deg. C

Class B - Flash point > 23 degC &< 65 degC

Class C - flash point > 65 degC & < 93 deg.C

Unclassified : flash point> 93 deg.c and above

Important Properties of Petroleum Product

For all flammable liquids, it is the vapour which burns and not the liquid.

Flammable vapour burns only when mixed with proper percentage of oxygen as support of combustion.

Flammable limits of petroleum products roughly lies between slightly greater than 1% and less than 10%.

Petroleum vapour is heavier than air so it has tendency to discend on ground or lower level or sump.

Petroleum is immiscible with water. Its specific gravity is less than 1, so they float on water

Electric conductivity of almost all petroleum products ( except crude oil, ethanol etc.) is very low and hence it generates static electricity during storage and transportation

Principle of fire Extinction

Starvation - Removing or blanketing the fuel

Smothering - Cutting off or diluting the oxygen supply

Cooling - Removing heat from the fire.

Different Agents to Fire Fire

Sand

Blanketing

Water

Steam

Chemical foam

Carbon dioxide

Dry Chemical Powder

Aqueous Film Forming Foam ( AFFF)

Suitability of Extinguishing media to Different class of Fire

Class of Fire

Description Extinguishing media

A Fires involving ordinary combustible materials such as wood, paper, textiles etc.

Water

B Fires involving flammable liquids like oils, petroleum products, paints varnishes etc.

Foam, Dry chemical Powder,Carbon Dioxide.

C Fires involving gaseous substances such as LPG, Hydrogen etc.

Dry Chemical Powder Carbon Dioxide.

D Fires occurring in Combustible metals such as Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium, Zinc etc.

Special Dry Powders such as Ternary Eutectic Chloride

Fire Protection Facilities in Petroleum Installation

Fire Protection Facilities Fire Protection Facilities

Fire Detection Fire Fighting

Automatic Fire Detection System

Smoke- Ionisation or Optical type

Heat – Fixed temperature or rate of rise temperature type

Flame – UV or IR or UV/IR or IR3

Heat And Smoke – Multiple criteria


Detection system can be conventional type, addressable type and analog addressable type.

Selection of detection system is carried out based on specific requirement of industry.

Conventional - Detectors are in zones with max. 30 devices

Addressable - Detectors are in loop with max. 198 devices per loop, each

device has an address.

• Analog addressable - • Same as addressable with ability to send actual value of

smoke particle/ tepmarature etc. in the chamber of each detector


Advantages of analog addressable detectors over conventional type of detectors

• Each device has an unique address and location can be easily identified

• All signals are verified and no chance of false alarm

• Exact location is pin pointed rather than area

• Single loop comprises of 198 devices connected by 2 core cable.

• All devices connected to the fire alarm panel are scanned by the panel all the time. All the devices report their condition to the panel.


Modification is simpler. The device only needs to be added to the existingloop with a minimum change in panel software.

•History of each device can be seen by means of a printout.

•Easier maintenance. Device itself indicates about maintenance.

•Lesser cable length.

•Lower power consumption.

•Compact & elegant design.


Block Diagram for Automatic Fire Detection and CO2 Release system

Schematic Layout of CO2 system

Fire Fighting System

Fire Water Reservoir

Pumping units

Fire water Network

Fire hydrants and foam cum water monitor

Water spray system

Foam pourer system

Automatic rim seal fire protection system


Open water reservoirs dedicated for storage of fire water requirement of minimum 4 hrs. fire fighting capability. Open top pond with RCC wall all sides.

Above ground fire water tanks of adequate nos. to meet the norm of 4 hr. continuous fire fighting. Coned roof or open top above ground tanks


Above Ground Coned roof tankAbove Ground Coned roof tank

Open top water reservoir

Open top water reservoir

Fire Fighting Pumping units

Motor or engine driven pumping units dedicated for supply of fire water to

Pumping units may be vertical turbine type or horizontal type.

No. of pumps shall be based on design pumping requirement.

Standby pumping units for facilitating maintenance without compromising safety of the installation.

Fire Fighting Pumping units

Engine driven pump (horizontal)

Horizontal Motor Driven pump( Jockey)

Vertical Turbine type pump( Motor driven)

Fire Water Network

MOC of network may be carbon steel or composite material or its equivalent if used for fresh water.

Incase of saline, brakish water, steel pipes, internally cement, mortar lines or glass reinforced epoxy, coated or pipes made of material suitable for the quality of water shall be used.

Shall be laid above ground and under ground only in case of crossings/other unavoidable circumstances.

The fire water network shall be laid in closed loops as far as possible to ensure multi-directional flow in the system.

The hydraulic analysis of network shall be done at the design time.

Fire Water Network-Typical schematic

Fire Hydrants and Monitors

Fire hydrants and foam cum water monitors to be provided on the fire water network.

Inter distance shall not be more than 30 m.

Monitors shall be provided with individual isolation valve.

Distance of hydrants from tanks or equipment under protection shall not be less than 15 m.

Monitors shall be provided with individual isolation valve.

Double headed fire hydrant landing valves

Foam-cum-water monitor

Water Spray System

Water spray system is provided for cooling of tank shell, piping exposed to fire. System is provided for cooling of the structure on fire and exposure protection of adjacent property.

System consists of fixed piping with pipe fittings, isolation valves, NRV and water spray nozzles.

In case of tank and piping, water spray is directly impinged on to the surface of tank or piping for cooling.

Water Spray System-Schematic

Water Curtain system in Building

Foam Pourer System

Semi-fixed foam Pourer system Comprises of fixed pipings and pipe fittings, drain

valves, foam coupling, foam makers, foam pourer and deflector plate on tank.

Mobile Foam tender is required for actuating the system.

Fixed foam pourer system( Manual/Automatic) Manual system comprises of fixed foam concentrate

storage shed, foam supply pumps, proportioning system, pipings and pipe fittings, isolation valves, drain valves, foam coupling, foam makers, foam pourer and deflector plate on tank.

Automactic system requires motor operates valves at different points and PLC for its actuation based on feed back from automatic fire detection and alarm system.

Foam Pourer SystemSchematic

Foam Pourer System-Schematic

Foam Pourer System-Components/working

Foam pourer system for tanks Semi-fixed foam Pourer system Fixed foam pourer system( Manual/Automatic)

Foam pourer system for Engine driven mainline pumping unit shed.( Automatic/Manual)

Foam Pourer System-Photographs

Foam Flooding system for Mainline engine shed

MAJOR COMPONENTSDetection system

Intrinsically safe Heat Detectors (HDs)

Intrinsically safe Ultra Violet / Infra Red flame detectors (UV/IR)

Addressable Manual Call Point (MCP)

Extinguishing system

Y-type strainer, Solenoid valve

Deluge valve, Bladder type foam tank (capacity 2000 litres)

Foam proportioning unit, Piping network for protected area

Foam cum water spray nozzles

Foam Pourer System

Deluge valve and bladder tank skid

View of engine shed showing foam solution piping and discharge nozzles

Foam Flooding system in Mainline Pump shed

Foam bladder tankHydrant line

Strainer

Deluge Valve6 “, 14000 lpm

Proportioner

6 ”, 5000 LPM

Foam sprinklers

MLPSMLPS

Typical Arrangement of Rim seal Units over tank Roof

GA Of Foam Module Assembly

Discharge Nozzles

Rim Seal Fire Protection System

Rim Seal Protection System


• Reduction of fire load from the fire site by transferring the combustible material, if possible.

• Containment of fire and fire fighting.

• Reducing domino effect of fire by providing suitable exposure protection measures.

• Salvaging usables after fire fighting.


• Inter tank transfer of the product based on availability of ullage in the installation.

• Operation of isolating devices to stop supply of fuel to fire site.

• Localising the combustible product.


First aid Use of first aid fire fighting extinguishers, fire buckets, sand scoops, hose reel, water jel blanket

Manual Use of hose lines and nozzles, fire beaters, portable monitors, fixed monitors

Fixed Fire hydrant network, sprinkler system, fixed foam flooding system in MLPS/Tanks, CO2 total flooding, Halon system, Deluge system(The above system may be fixed/semifixed/ manual/automatic)

Mobile Water tender, foam tender, DCP tender, crash tender, rescue tender, Foam nurser, trolley mounted monitors.

Advanced Dynamite blasts etc.

Emergency Response Plan-Statutory Requirements

Factories Act- 1948 (amended in 1987)

Section 41-B requires that an “On-Site Emergency Plan” with detailed Disaster Control Measures by every occupier of an installation involving hazardous process shall be prepared and submitted to Factory Inspectorate.

Statutory Requirement…. Contd

Manufacturer, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules ( Amendments) Rules, 2000

Rule - 5 - Notification of major accident

Rule-7,8,9 - Notification of site and updation of same

Rule- 10- Preparation of safety report

Rule-11 - Updating of safety report

Rule-13- Preparation of On-site Emergency plan (By occupier)

Rule-14 - Preparation of Off - site Emergency plan ( By concerned authority)

Statutory Requirement…. Contd

Rules on Chemical Accidents (Emergency planning, Preparedness and Response)

This rule envisages a 4-tier crisis management system in the country

1. Central crisis group

2. State Crisis Group

3. District Crisis Group

4. Local Crisis Group.

General Guidelines for Drafting ERP

General Information about the Factory Brief information about the Company in general and Factory in Particular

Organisational Set Up Hierarchy in form of a tree showing the unit head and his subordinates up-to-the

Departmental / Sectional heads

Manpower Shift wise manpower break up for A, B, C and G shift in tabular form

Product/ Bi-Product Name of Product and bi-product and their quantity per day / annum

Inventory of Raw material Names of raw-material showing their quantity / threshold quantity

Inventory of Hazardous substances Names of hazardous substances used as raw material showing their tank /

container capacity and thresh hold capacity

Hazardous substances / gases produced/ generated during the process Names of hazardous substances / gases produced/ generated during the process

with the quantities

Identification of Hazard Hazards are mostly manifested in form of fire / explosion / toxic release Each anticipated hazard scenario associated in the factory be described along with

its assessment of impact of plant and locality Identification of most credible hazard scenario

The most credible ( max) hazard scenario be identified from among all anticipated hazard scenario associated with the unit and its spread assessed through dispersion model or other techniques

Plot Plan A plot plan be made showing the plant location, iso-risk contour around the hazard

zones, emergency control room, assembly points, emergency exit, roads and other relevant details

Emergency Command centre A tree showing the emergency command structure, such as Works main controller,

Site Incident Controller, Combat team , Rescue team etc Role of Key persons

The role of key persons to be described in brief which should include members in the command structures


Action Plan for Emergency Response Plan The action of each person in the event of an emergency since it was

noticed by an employee to be described

Silent Hour Command Structure A command structure for the silent hour be prepared who should spring

into action during the silent hour till the members of the main command structure reach the site

Activation and closing procedure The activation and closing procedure in the event of an emergency be

described in brief


Emergency Response Plan

Objectives:

To ensure that loss of life and injuries to persons are minimised

To ensure that property losses are minimum

Ensure that relief and rehabilitation measures are put into effective action in the shortest possible time.

To ensure that potential loss due to prolonged shut down of facilities is minimised.

To effectively make use of available resources

Identification of organizational and operational details

Delineate functions of concerned departments & agencies for operational

responsibilities

Key Element of ERP

Assessment of the size and nature of the events foreseen and probability that might occur

Formulation of the plan and liaison with outside authorities including the emergency services.

Procedures – Raising the alarm and communication ( Both within & outside pump station)

Appointment of Key Personnel and defining their duties and responsibilities

Setting up of emergency control center

Action on site

Station shut down procedures

Action off-site

Priorirty of handling emergency

Priority of Handling Disaster Safe guard life

Safe guard property

Stop product leakage and contain

Extinguish any fire

Reclaim spilled product and clean the area

Probable Disaster Fire

Leakage of oil & damage

Operational

Natural calamities

Man made

Response Procedure & Measure

Response procedure for all emergency situations( Causes, Consequences, control measures, Man power & Equipments)

Organogram & Responsibilities

Resources (Internal/External)

Emergency Control Room

Mutual Aid Scheme

Name, Addresses, Contact numbers of concerned person/company

Team Responsibility

Team is responsible for

Handling of emergency at site For supplying material/equipment/manpower Plant operational control Medical Services General Support Communication and media arrangement Co-ordination with external agencies

All team leaders shall work under the command of an over all commander.

Control Room

Central control room shall be equipped with Plant layout

P&I diagram

Operating parameters of equipment

Organogram of ERP

Meteorological data

Mutual Aid Scheme

Telephone Numbers of persons to be contacted

Report forms

List of Internal & External Resources

Communication facilities

Material Safety Data Sheet(MSDS)

Recovery Plan

Recovery Procedure

Post - emergency Recovery

Incident Investigation

Damage Assessment

Clean-up and Restoration

Effective Implementation

Effective Implementation

Plan to be implemented through team work

Periodical Mock Drills activating DMP

Regular review and updation of plan

Constant liasoning with Mutual Aid Members

Fire Protection Facilities, Emergency Response Plan Hydrocarbon Fire Fighting Techniques Hazards and...

Documents

Transcript of Fire Protection Facilities, Emergency Response Plan Hydrocarbon Fire Fighting Techniques Hazards and...