FIRE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE -...

Version 11/2015

The Universal Protection Service Fire Preparedness and Response Training Manual represents core training regarding Fire Preparedness and Response for each Security Professional, but by itself does not constitute complete and comprehensive training. Universal Protection Service does not approve or permit the reproduction of its training materials, including the Fire Preparedness and Response Training Manual. Copyright 2015 Universal Protection Service. All rights reserved.

FIRE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE

Universal Protection Service T R A I N I N G M A N U A L

TABLE OF CO

NTEN

TS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Unit 1 – FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY 4

Unit 2 – FIRE PREVENTION 8

Unit 3 – FIRE CONTROL SYSTEMS 11

Unit 4 – IN THE EVENT OF A FIRE 14

Review questions follow each unit.

FIRE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE


4


FIRE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE – UNIT 1 FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY

Unit 1 – FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY

GOAL: By the end of this unit, you’ll have an introduction to fire and life safety.

TOPICS:

1. Introduction 2. Fire Classifications 3. Life Safety 4. Hazardous Materials

1 – INTRODUCTION

Fire and life safety is one of the most important responsibilities for every security professional. Fire can be described as four things happening in the same place and at the same time.

Fuel - Virtually anything can be fuel if we can get it hot enough.

Oxygen - It’s everywhere or we would not be able to function in that environment.

Heat -It can come from anywhere and everywhere.

Chemical Reaction -Put all three together and you get the fourth element, a chemical reaction we call combustion.

2 – FIRE CLASSIFICATIONS

Not all fires are created equal. There are four basic classifications of fire.

Class A – These are fires consisting of things like wood, paper, cloth, and the kinds of things found all over the average workplace.

Class B – These are fires involving gas, oil, paint, kerosene, propane, anything liquid that will burn.

Class C – These are fires in and on electrical equipment.

Class D – These are burning metal fires, and can be very hot and very dangerous.

Nothing happens at once. Fire goes through a series of stages to get to the point where things start to burn.

OBJECTIVES:

1. Understand the relation between this unit’s information and your roles and responsibilities.

2. Know the concepts, skills and techniques represented in this training unit sufficiently to demonstrate competence through knowledge and/or performance.

3. Understand how the key concepts apply to the practical performance of tasks described in this training.

4. Demonstrate your understanding through practical exercises, test or instructor review.

5



Incipient – In the incipient stage, no smoke or flame can be seen. There is no real heat yet, but the byproducts of combustion are being released in the form of gases.

Smoldering – No flame yet and only a little heat, but the chemical process of fire is starting to produce smoke. In this instance, there may be lots of smoke which is unburned or wasted fuel.

Flames – Fire can now be seen clearly and more smoke is starting to be produced. The heat produced by the fire is at its lowest temperature, but it will start to rise very rapidly.

Heat – The heat produced by the fire is increasing in temperature, and at a rapid rate. The air around the fire is becoming super-heated, and is starting to expand.

3 – LIFE SAFETY

An accident has been defined as an unexpected event in which some physical contact is made between a worker and some object or some substance which causes an interruption of work.

There are three basic elements of an accident:

Unexpected Contact is made Work stopped or delayed

Causes of Accidents

In general there are three major causes of workplace accidents:

Unsafe Act – Someone did not follow a rule or a procedure and allowed an accident situation to develop. They either tried a shortcut or failed to use a piece of protective equipment the way it was supposed to be used.

Personal Conditions – Someone was either tired or distracted or intoxicated or simply didn’t have their head in the game when the accident occurred.

Unsafe Conditions – Equipment, materials, tools, machinery, or some other work related device was not properly maintained. That could include things like leaky roofs, bad lighting, poor ventilation, and inadequate housekeeping.

Detecting Unsafe Conditions

When you detect an unsafe condition, you should record the following:

1. Time, date, and location.

2. Conditions.

3. Specific policy.

4. Name of person.

5. Sequence of events.

6



Accident Investigation Guidelines

Respond quickly – This reinforces the idea that loss prevention personnel are on the job and it shows to employees that management cares.

Get details - Find out who was involved, where it occurred, when it happened, who was injured, and what was damaged.

Pinpoint the cause – Investigate the possible direct and indirect causes. Study equipment, work procedures, and the employees involved.

Estimate injuries – What are the injuries and try to estimate the losses in terms of costs. Accident report form – Use a standard accident report that fits management’s requirements and

aids in the investigative process. Maintain an open mind during the investigation – Remember there is a possibility that the

accident was staged. Required forms and paperwork – If necessary, complete the required government forms and

papers. Prepare information for the safety committee concerning the accident and its causes – The data

you collect may help prevent future incidents. Follow up on any corrective action that was taken – It’s important to do all that you can to try

and prevent the same type of incident from happening again.

4 – HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

Chemical spills can be especially dangerous. Here are some guidelines to follow if one occurs at your facility.

Activate Response Plan – Activate the response plan that is part of your manual. Time is a critical factor for an effective response.

Identify Substance – Try to identify the substance that’s been released. Check the transportation placards, shipping papers, inventory lists, anything that you can find that will tell you what you’re dealing with.

Determine Quantity – Try to find out how much of the substance has been released. How much did the container actually hold? It may have been partially empty, but you need to respond as if the full contents were released.

Determine Damage – Try to determine the extent of the damage; how large of an area has been contaminated by the substance and who’s been hurt.

Set Up Barriers – Treat the area like a crime scene and set up barriers to keep people out. You may have to establish perimeters and set up security protocols for each level to ensure that the proper people get in and out.

Keep Safe Distance – When a hazardous material is spilt or is burning, the fumes can be deadly. They may be invisible and can be carried by the wind so keep a safe distance.

Fire prevention and life safety are daily responsibilities for every security professional.

Stay observant and report any incidents or hazards to your supervisor.

7



FIRE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE – REVIEW QUESTIONS

Can you correctly answer the following questions? Check your answers by looking back at the information in this unit.

1. What are the four components of a fire?

2. What are the four basic classifications of fire?

3. The daily responsibility for every security professional is?

4. During a chemical spill, if it is safe to do so; the best practice is to do:

8


FIRE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE – UNIT 2

FIRE PREVENTION

Unit 2 – FIRE PREVENTION

GOAL: By the end of this unit, you will have an understanding of fire prevention.

TOPICS:

1. Introduction 2. Fire Prevention 3. Patrol Fire Hazard Awareness 4. Tenant Fire Inspections

1 – INTRODUCTION

Be aware. Always watch for fire safety hazards, including anything blocking the way to a fire extinguisher, a missing fire extinguisher, fire doors blocked, corridors blocked, and any indication of fire, such as a smell of smoke.

2 – FIRE PREVENTION

Fire poses a risk to any structure. The key to fire prevention is to recognize and eliminate potential fire hazards. It is much easier to prevent a fire than extinguish one.

Fire prevention requires you to be educated in fire procedures and the use of fire extinguishers or other emergency equipment. It is important to:

Regularly review fire emergency procedures. Know the locations of fire extinguishers and be trained in their use. Know the locations of the emergency exits, fire alarm pull stations and safe relocation areas.

When making patrol rounds, always be alert for any fire hazard. This can include:

Smoke or flames. Suspicious odors. Checking that the fire extinguishers are in place and in good condition. Making sure fire doors are closed and not blocked. Before opening a door to an area where there is a suspected fire, touch it with the back of your

hand to feel for heat. Has the equipment been checked and tagged? Is anything blocking the way to an extinguisher?

OBJECTIVES:





9



FIRE PREVENTION

Are any fire doors blocked? Are sprinkler systems operational? Are corridors blocked?

Anyone who does not adhere to fire safety or smoking rules must be warned and reported.

If you discover a safety or fire hazard, take steps to have it corrected immediately.

If there is a fire, you are to first notify the fire department by dialing 911 and then follow your Post Orders and Emergency Procedures by warning others of the situation, evacuating personnel, or doing whatever is most crucial in the situation.

3 – PATROL FIRE HAZARD AWARENESS

In your daily patrol activities, you should be alert for fire hazards at all times to detect any early signs of fire including recognizing various odors associated with such hazards. Whenever a hazardous condition is noted, either fix it on the spot or notify the proper person at once. You should remain at the site of the hazard and assist in patrolling the situation as necessary. Never leave the site of a safety hazard until the proper authority has arrived to remedy the situation. If you are called to another area in an emergency, secure some type of a barrier over the hazard to prevent injury.

4 – TENANT FIRE INSPECTIONS

When you are assigned to provide tenant fire inspections you should pay particular attention to fire extinguishers, making sure they are fully charged, have a current inspection tag, and are readily available for use if needed. In the storage areas, make sure the stock is stored in such a manner that it does not block emergency exits from the door, that the emergency exits are properly lit and that any stock or fixture is at least 18" below the level of the sprinkler heads. Any problems found in these procedures should be documented and immediately reported to the supervisor and management personnel. Never state “FIRE” over the normal radio channels (use emergency radio code) as this could cause a panic in the mall.

10



FIRE PREVENTION



1. The key to fire prevention is?

2. When making patrol rounds, always be alert for any fire hazard. This could include:

3. When doing tenant fire inspections, how many inches should stock or fixtures be below the level of the sprinkler heads.

11


FIRE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE – UNIT 3 FIRE CONTROL SYSTEMS

Unit 3 – FIRE CONTROL SYSTEMS

GOAL: By the end of this unit, you will know the basic types of fire control systems.

TOPICS:

1. Introduction 2. Alarm Sprinkler Systems 3. Fire Extinguishers

1 – INTRODUCTION

Each shopping center or mall is equipped with a fire alarm and sprinkler system to ensure prompt notification in the event of an outbreak of a fire and to provide a first line of defense against the spread of a fire.

2 – ALARM SPRINKLER SYSTEMS

You are to refer to the specific fire alarm/sprinkler procedures and become familiar with the operation of the fire systems at your assigned property or post. These procedures are explained in the Site-Specific Officer Training module. Generally, for the purposes of fire protection, each center or mall is separated into various “zones” of alarm coverage and/or sprinkler coverage. The alarm board at each facility may indicate a problem or water flow in a certain zone. Though the alarm system is a great aid in fire protection, it cannot always pinpoint exactly the location or nature of a fire.

The levelheaded participation and cooperation of the security staff, the property management staff, and fire authorities is crucial to the effective response and control of any fire. You should never assume an alarm is false unless the center staff, fire department or police department has notified you. In any case, the Security Director must be notified immediately of any and all alarm occurrences.

You should routinely check the security and operating status of components of the fire alarm and sprinkler system (such as valve rooms, sprinkler controls and water pressure gauges) as well as other fire control apparatus such as fire extinguishers, fire hoses and standpipes. Note any deficiencies in the Daily Activity Log. Employees not following fire-safety rules should be written up.

3 – FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

There are a number of high-quality fire extinguishers available in the market.

OBJECTIVES:





12



They all work on one or more of four principles of fire suppression:

Removal of oxygen Removal of fuel Reducing the temperature Stopping the chemical chain reaction

There are five basic types of fire extinguishers:

Dry Chemical – They are sometimes called powder extinguishers or purple K units if they contain potassium. They are usable on most types of fire, but be sure to check the markings. They work by creating a chemical cloud that cuts off oxygen from the fire.

Carbon Dioxide – These put out fires by cooling and smothering them with a gas that will not burn and will not conduct electricity. It's good for B and C Class fires.

Water – The oldest kind of fire suppressant; it's good for Class A fires and is usually readily available. Do not use water on Class C fires because it will conduct electricity.

Foam – These put the fire out by covering the area with a layer of foam that cuts off the oxygen. They're great for a Class B fire, and can work on Class A fires as well. They are not recommended for Class C or D fires.

Halon – Halon or FM200. This chemical stops the fire by inhibiting the reaction between the fuel and the oxygen present in the area. They're most often used in high tech areas where there's a great deal of expensive computer hardware.

13





1. The four principles of fire suppression are?

2. There are five basic types of fire extinguishers and the old kind of fire suppressant is?

14


FIRE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE – UNIT 4 IN THE EVENT OF A FIRE

Unit 4 – IN THE EVENT OF A FIRE

GOAL: By the end of this unit, you will know the procedure for responding to a fire.

TOPICS:

1. For the Person Discovering Fire 2. For the Person Discovering Smoke 3. Use of Fire Extinguishers 4. Evacuation in the Event of a Fire

1 – FOR THE PERSON DISCOVERING FIRE

Activate the fire alarm at the nearest “Pull Station” and call 9-1-1 to provide the exact location of the fire.

Evacuate the immediate area. Contain the fire:

o Use the appropriate fire extinguisher, but only if you can do so safely and quickly (remember PASS – Pull Aim Squeeze Sweep when using a fire extinguisher).

o Simply closing the door could confine the fire. Determine if there are any HazMat concerns on site or nearby. If the fire is out of control, evacuate that area of the property and if needed the entire

property. Once firefighters arrive, fall back and assist with establishing a perimeter to prevent reentry

into the fire area.

Other on-duty security personnel will support the on-scene personnel when they:

Bring additional fire extinguishers to the fire area. Provide updated information to the 9-1-1 dispatcher. Assist with the evacuation of the immediate area. Meet the fire department at the designated entrance point. Establish a perimeter to prevent reentry into the fire area. The on-duty supervisor must respond to the Fire Department Incident Commander on-scene

and be a liaison between the property personnel and fire fighters. Be alert to suspicious persons in the area if arson is suspected. If applicable, CCTV operators should videotape the crowds and vehicles nearby during a fire.

OBJECTIVES:





15



2 – FOR THE PERSON DISCOVERING SMOKE Notify the on-duty supervisor. Search the immediate area for the source of the smoke. Evacuate if smoke becomes too heavy and call 9-1-1. Follow the steps above once flames are discovered.

Other on-duty security personnel will support the on-scene personnel by:

A security officer will respond to the fire panel and closely monitor it for activity. Assist with searching the property for the source of the smoke. Bring fire extinguishers to the immediate area. Evacuate if smoke becomes too heavy. Follow the steps above once flames are discovered.

3 – USE OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

First, assess the situation quickly. If there’s any doubt that you will be unable to handle the fire, call the fire department first, and then sound the alarm.

Select the proper tool for the job. Be sure that the extinguisher that you use is the correct one for the fire you plan to extinguish.

Activate the Unit – Activate the unit the way the instructions say to activate it. No short cuts or tricks.

Use the Unit Per Instructions – Use the unit per their instructions. Normally, that means aiming the extinguishing agent at the base of the fire, not the flames.

Use Entire Contents – Use the entire contents of the unit. Make sure that the fire is out and/or the unit is empty.

Maintain Safe Escape Route – Next, maintain a safe route of escape. Do not get overconfident about the abilities of the extinguisher. It is the first line of defense only, and is not intended to be the whole response.

Never Turn Your Back – Finally, never turn your back on a fire. A fire may seem like it’s out when it’s actually not.

4 – EVACUATION IN THE EVENT OF A FIRE

Check closed doors for heat before you open them.

If you are escaping through a closed door, use the back of your hand to feel down the door (from top to bottom), the doorknob, and the crack between the door and door frame before you open it.

Never use the palm of your hand or fingers to test for heat – burning those areas could impair your ability to escape a fire (e.g., ladders and crawling).

16



Hot Door – DO NOT OPEN and choose an alternate escape route. Cool Door – Crouch low and open the door slowly. Ensure fire/smoke is not blocking your escape

route.

If your escape route is blocked, shut the door immediately and use an alternate escape route.

If clear, leave immediately through the door and close the door behind you.

Be prepared to crawl. Smoke and heat rise.

Crawl low under any smoke to exit – heavy smoke and poisonous gases collect first along the ceiling.

Tips

When evacuating the building, use the nearest exit. Assist others in exiting the building.

Avoid smoke filled areas, and DO NOT use elevators.

Closing doors behind as that may delay the spread of fire.

NEVER allow the fire to position between responding personnel and the exit.

17





1. When using any fire extinguisher, remember PASS. PASS is an acronym for?

2. When evacuating during a fire, prior to opening any closed door, you should do?

FIRE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE -...

Documents

Transcript of FIRE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE -...