Fire Fighting

Fire Fighting Management for Petroleum Products

Fire Fighting Management

for Petroleum Products


Made By

Muzahid Khan (R250207023)Integrated [email protected]


HIGHLIGHTS

IntroductionPetroleum products classificationFire protection facilitiesCommunication SystemsFire safety organisation/TrainingFire emergency manualInspection and testing


INTRODUCTIONPetroleum products mostly are liquid hydrocarbons or mixture ofhydrocarbons and any Inflammable mixture (liquid, viscous or solid) containing any liquid hydrocarbon. Hazardous nature of petroleum products Vulnerable petroleum depots, terminals & pipelines, storage facilities, refining Installations.

Hydrocarbon fuel properties:-Flammability LimitsAuto-ignition TemperatureMinimum Ignition EnergyFlash Point


INTRODUCTION Flammability Limits: The upper (rich) and lower (lean) flammability limits define the range of concentrations of a gas or vapour in air that can be ignited and sustain combustion. Auto-ignition Temperature: A fuel - air mixture can ignite without the introduction of an ignition source. The minimum auto-ignition temperature is the lowest temperature at which the fuel vapours spontaneously ignite. Minimum Ignition Energy: The minimum amount of energy supplied that is needed for combustion is the minimum ignition energy.Flash Point: It is the lowest temperature at which any petroleum product yields a vapor which will give a momentary flash when Ignited.


GENERAL CLASSIFICATION of petroleum products:

flash pointPetroleum Class A <23o CPetroleum Class B 23o C – 65o CPetroleum Class C 65o C -- 93o C


Hydrocarbon GASES commonly encountered in the upstream oil and gas industry:

Natural Gas Hydrogen Sulphide ( H2S)LPG Gases (including Propane and Butane) Acetylene Hydrogen


Hydrocarbon LIQUIDS commonly encountered in the upstream oil and gas industry:

Aerosols Crude Oil / CondensatesHydrocarbon Based Frac FluidsGasoline, Diesel & Other Liquid Fuels Methanol


FIRE PROTECTION DETERMINANTS

Determinants of basic fire protection requirements:

Layout of product storage & handling facilities, their location and terrain

Nature of the risk(type of fuel)


FIRE PROTECTION FACILITIES(depending on the nature of risk)

• Fire Water System.• Foam System• Clean Agent Protection System• First Aid Fire Fighting Equipment• Mobile Fire Fighting Equipment.• Fire Detection, Alarm & Communication System.


FIRE PROTECTION FACILITIES(depending on the nature of risk)

Fire Water System- Water is used for fire extinguishments, fire control, cooling of equipment exposure protection of equipment and personnel from heat radiation.Foam System - The system may be considered for protection of floating roof tanks of petroleum products.First Aid Fire Fighting Equipment – Portable Fire Extinguishers

Wheeled Fire Fighting EquipmentHoses, nozzles & accessories

Mobile Fire Fighting Equipment.


COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

Fire Alarm Systems-

For fire Situation, the siren shall be walling sound for 2 minutes

For disaster situation. the siren shall be wailing sound for 2

minutes repeated thrice with a gap of 10 seconds

For all clear situation, the Siren shall be straight run sound for 2

minutes


COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

Communication systems like telephone, Walkie-talkie or VHF set, public address system, etc should be provided in nonhazardous areas of petroleum storage.

Wherever possible hot line connection between city fire brigade & nearby industries shall be provided for major storage areas on need basis.

Petroleum Installation shall have a 'Mutual Aid‘ arrangement with nearby industries to pool in their resources during emergency.


FIRE SAFETY ORGANISATION/TRAINING

A well defined comprehensive On-site Emergency Plan as per OISO-GDN-168 shall be drawn.

The fire fighting training shall be compulsory for all officers, clericals, operators. security, drivers & contract workmen who are likely to be present in the Installation and record maintained.


FIRE SAFETY ORGANISATION/TRAINING

Mock disaster drills shall be conducted periodically as per local statutory requirements.

Instructions on the action to be taken in the event fire should be pasted with the petroleum storage facility.


FIRE EMERGENCY MANUAL

Each petroleum storage installation shall prepare a comprehensive fire emergency manual covering all emergency scenarios detailing the actions to be taken In the event of fire.

The key action points of this manual shall be displayed at strategic locations In the Installation for ready reference.


INSPECTION AND TESTING

1. The fire protection equipment shall be kept In good working condition all the time.

2. The fire protection system shall be periodically tested for proper functioning and logged for record and corrective actions

3. Inspection & maintenance of fire fighting equipment shall be done in accordance with OISD-STD-142.

4. In addition to routine daily checks/maintenance, the following periodic Inspection/testing of fire fighting equipment shall be ensured.

5. One officer shall be designated and made responsible for Inspection, maintenance & testing office protection system

6. The responsibilities of each officer shall be clearly defined. explained and communicated to all concerned In writing for role clarity.


ReferencesFire Protection Facilities For Petroleum Depots, Terminals, Pipeline Installations And Lube Oil Installations - By OISD

Fire Fighting

Documents

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