FIRE DOORS 101

Deepesh Srivastava | Project Engineer – MEA | April 22, 2020

Your Guide to Testing, Certification, and Beyond

AGENDA

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INTRODUCTION

TESTING BASICS

CODE REQUIREMENTS

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STEPS TO CERTIFICATION

ADDITIONAL RESOURCES

FIELD ISSUES & LABELING

INTRODUCTION

INTERTEK IS YOUR TOTAL QUALITY ASSURANCE PROVIDER

GLOBAL MARKET LEADER IN ASSURANCE

3,000 AUDITORS

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GLOBAL MARKETLEADER IN TIC

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Products | Trade | Resources

Our Sectors

Systemic approach to Quality and Safety

INSPECTION CERTIFICATIONTESTINGASSURANCE

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OUR MISSION IS TO BRING QUALITY AND SAFETY TO LIFE

RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT

RAW MATERIALS SOURCING

COMPONENT SUPPLIERS

MANUFACTURINGTRANSPORTATION

DISTRIBUTION & RETAIL CHANNELS

CONSUMER MANAGEMENT

Assurance | Testing | Inspection | Certification

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C

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Formally confirming that our customers’ products and services meet all trusted external and internal standards

Evaluating how our customers’ products and services meet and exceed quality, safety, sustainability and performance standards

Validating the specifications, value and safety of our customers’ raw materials, products and assets

Enabling our customers to identify and mitigate the intrinsic risk in their operations, supply chain and business processes

Our ATIC services provide our customers with Total Quality Assurance (TQA)

A COMPLETE BUILDING SOLUTION

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Intertek offers the industry’s most complete offering for commercial and industrial buildings ranging from environmental services to mock-up testing to field labeling through decommissioning and due diligence.

THE BUILDING PRODUCTS NETWORK

• Atlanta, GA • Cortland, NY• Dallas/Ft. Worth, TX• Fresno, CA• Kent, WA• Los Angeles, CA• Lubbock, TX• Madison, WI• Montreal, QC• Pittsburgh, PA• Portland, OR

• Alameda, CA • Blue Bell, PA • Chicago, IL • Denver, CO • Franklin, WI • New Orleans, LA P• Philadelphia, PA

Mexico Labs• Leon,• Guanajuato

China Labs• Guangzhou• Shanghai

Middle East Office • Dubai

• San Antonio, TX• St. Paul, MN• Tampa, FL• Toronto, ON• Vancouver, BC• Wausau, WI• West Palm Beach, FL• Windham, NH• Winnipeg, MB• York, PA

USA and Canada Offices

OUR LABORATORY NETWORK

OUR OFFICE NETWORK

• Phoenix, AZ • Richmond, VA• Salt Lake City, UT • San Francisco, CA • Santa Cruz, CA • Winchester, WA

USA and Canada Labs

TESTING BASICS

FIRE TESTING

Why does a fire rated product manufacturer have to go for fire testing ?

• To prove his products meet the required code or project performances

• To be ahead of the competition and use testing as part of its R&D strategy

• To gain knowledge

EQUIPMENT – FURNACE

• Most common size: vertical 3 x 3 m

• Other type of furnaces:

• Indicative: 1 x 1 m (hor. and vert.)

• Horizontal 4 x 3 m, 5 x 5 m and bigger

• 3 x 3 m Suitable for doors, walls, partitions, screens, glazed elements, dampers, walls (loadbearing and non-loadbearing), curtain walls,…

UL 10C (2016) – Positive Pressure Swinging Doors Mounted in a Vertical Plane

UL 10B (R2015) – Neutral Pressure NFPA 252 (2017) – Positive or Neutral Pressure CAN/ULC S104 (2015) - Neutral Pressure

The IBC (International Building Code) references: UL 10B, UL 10C, and NFPA 252.

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FIRE DOOR STANDARDS – NORTH AMERICA

Multiple Door Types Mounted in a Vertical Plane.

Regional building codes also accept BS & EN standards

These test methods while similar, are not directly comparable:• Hose stream test: Applies to all ratings over 20 minutes in North America• Does not apply EN standards or European national building codes

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FIRE DOOR STANDARDS – EUROPE

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN NA AND EUROPEAN FIRE DOOR STANDARDS

Furnace Temperature:

Furnace Thermocouples:• UL 10C: Sealed Tubes

• EN 1634-1: Plate thermocouples (BS 476 uses exposed Thermocouple wires)

Furnace Pressure:• UL 10C: Neutral pressure plane within 1016 mm above floor level;

• EN 1634-1: Neutral pressure plane at 500 mm above floor level. (BS 476 – 1000mm above floor level)

Opening direction:• UL 10C: Swinging doors generally tested opening towards the furnace

• EN 1634-1: Swinging timber based doors generally tested opening towards the furnace/metal doors tested openingaway from the furnace; Testing may be required from both directions

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TIME-TEMPERATURE (WITHIN FURNACE)

• Know the melting point of component products!

Neutral vs. Positive Pressure

FURNACE PRESSURE

ENGINEERING CONSIDERATIONS

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Hose Stream Test• Performed directly after the fire

resistance test; exposed (fire side) of test sample is impacted and exposed to cooling/erosion effects of hose stream.

• Pressure and duration of the hose stream is dependent on the fire resistance duration of the tested assembly.

• 20 Minute without Hose Stream rating available in the U.S. only.

GENERAL ACCEPTANCE CRITERIAGeneral

• The door is latched and remains in the opening (fire resistance and hose stream portions).• No through openings (fire resistance and hose stream portions).

Flaming and Penetration• No sustained flaming shall occur on the unexposed surface of the door assembly.

– Some exceptions noted in test standards.Door Deflection

• Less than 1 times the thickness of the door (fire resistance) and less than 1-1/2 times the thickness of the door (hose stream) - (UL 10B / UL 10C/ NFPA 252), less than 1 times the thickness of the door (CAN/ULC S104). Applicable to perimeter and leaves of a pair.

• Meeting edge separation on pairs not greater than 3/8 inch (without an astragal).

Hardware• When hardware is evaluated for use on fire doors, it shall hold the door closed and the latch bolt shall remain projected and intact after the test. (The hardware is not required to be operable after the test.)

RATINGS

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PRODUCT CONSIDERATIONS

• Materials: Steel , Wood, Composite, Aluminum• Layers and Laminated Designs• Intumescent Materials

• Expands under heat – FILLS THE GAPS• Activation Temperature

• Typically from 250-450 degrees (dependent on type)

• Type of expansion• Hard or soft push

• Directional or multi-directional

• Too much intumescent can potentially be harmful to performance.

• Latching Configurations• Frame Choice and Installation/Anchoring

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CODE REQUIREMENTS

IBC – THE KEY CODE INFLUENCING BUILDING CODES IN THE REGIONHTTPS://CODES.ICCSAFE.ORG/CONTENT/IBC2018P4

IBC (2018) References:

Chapter 7 – Fire and Smoke Prevention Features• Section 716 – Opening Protectives

Section 716.2.1.1 – Side Hinged or Pivoted Swinging Doors• “Fire door assemblies with side hinged or pivoted swinging doors shall be tested

in accordance with NFPA 252 or UL 10C. For tests conducted in accordance with NFPA 252, the fire test shall be conducted using the positive pressure method specified in the standard.”

Section 716.5.2 – Other Types ofAssemblies• “Fire door assemblies with other types of doors, including swinging elevator

doors, horizontal sliding fire door assemblies, rolling steel fire doors, fire shutter assemblies, bottom and side hinged chute intake doors, and top-hinged chute discharge doors, shall be tested in accordance with NFPA 252 or UL 10B. For tests conducted in accordance with NFPA 252, the neutral pressure plane in the furnace shall be maintained as nearly equal to atmospheric pressure as possible at the top of the door, as specified in the standard.”

IBCHose Stream Requirements

Section 716.2.2.1 - Door Assemblies in Corridors and Smoke Barriers• Fire door assemblies required to have a minimum fire protection rating of 20 minutes where located in

corridor walls or smoke barrier walls having a fire resistance rating in accordance with Table 716.1(2) shall be tested in accordance with NFPA 252 or UL 10C without the hose stream test.

Section 716.2.2.2 - Door Assemblies in Other Fire Partitions• Fire door assemblies required to have a minimum fire protection rating of 20 minute where located in

other fire partitions having a fire resistance rating of 0.5 hour in accordance with Table 716.1(2) shall be tested in accordance with NFPA 252, UL 10B, or UL 10C with the hose stream test.

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IBCFire-Resistance Rating - The time that materials or assemblies have withstood a fire exposure as established in accordance with ASTM E119 or UL 263.

Fire-Protection Rating - The time that a fire door assembly or fire window assembly was exposed and which it successfully met all acceptance criteria as determined in accordance with fire door standards (i.e. UL 10B, UL 10C, or NFPA 252) or fire window standards (UL 9, NFPA 257).

Considerations between both ratings: transmitted temperature resistance and hose stream

For door and frame assemblies, where does this primarily come into play?Glazing, Sidelights, Transom Assemblies

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IBC

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Section 716.2.5.1.2 - Fire Protection Rated Glazing in Door Assemblies in Fire Walls and Fire Barriers Rated Greater than 1 Hour• Fire-protection rated glazing shall be prohibited in fire walls and fire barriers except:

• Fire-protection rated glazing shall be permitted as vision panels in self-closing swinging fire door assemblies serving as horizontal exits in fire walls where limited to 100 sq. in.

• Fire-protection rated glazing shall be permitted in fire doors having a 1-½ hour fire protection rating intended for installation in fire barriers, where limited to 100 sq. in.

Section 716.2.5.4 - Fire Door Frames with Transom Lights and Sidelights• Fire-protection rated glazing shall be permitted in door frames with transom lights, sidelights or both, where a ¾

hour fire protection rating or less is required in 2-hour fire resistance rated exterior walls in accordance with Table 716.1(2). Fire door frames with transom lights, sidelights or both, installed with fire resistance rated glazing tested as an assembly in accordance with ASTM E119 or UL 263 shall be permitted where a fire protection rating exceeding ¾ hour is required in accordance with Table 716.1(2).

Table 716.1(2) is a great resource to match up wall assembly type, wall assembly rating, fire door assembly rating, and glazing allowances.

IBC

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IBC

Temperature Rise RatingSection 716.2.2.3 - Doors in Interior Exit Stairways and Ramps and Exit Passageways• Fire door assemblies in interior exit stairways and ramps and exit passageways shall have a

minimum transmitted temperature rise of not more than 450oF (250oC) above ambient at the end of 30 minutes of standard fire test exposure.• Exception - Not required in buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance

with Section 903.

Section 716.2.2.3.1 - Glazing in Doors• Fire-protection rated glazing in excess of 100 sq. in. is not permitted. Fire-resistance rated glazing in

excess of 100 sq. in. shall be permitted in fire doors. Listed fire-resistance rated glazing in a fire door shall have a maximum transmitted temperature rise in accordance with the section above when the fire door is tested in accordance with NFPA 252, UL 10B, or UL 10C.

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STEPS TO CERTIFICATION

WHAT IT MEANS TO CERTIFY YOUR PRODUCT• Formally tested by an accredited third party and

has been shown to meet or exceed the criteria of the test standard(s). hiips://www.iasonline.org/

• Ensures proper quality control through ongoing surveillance, inspections, and follow-up services by an accredited third party.

• Reflects your commitment to product safety, performance, and quality to inspectors, builders, and end users.

• Allows market access

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Step 1 – Project Planning

Submit product documentation to Intertek Project Manager and/or Sales Personnel who will work together to provide you with an accurate quote

• Technical Drawings• BOM’s• Brochures/Data Sheets• Existing Test Data

Discuss desirable ratings and market needs with Intertek Project Manager and Sales Personnel

Step 2

Review, sign, and return your project quote to your Sales person

Once the project has been opened, you will be contacted by your Project Manager to review the scope of the project

• If a test plan has not yet been established, your Project Manager will work with you to draft a plan that will meet your needs

• You can always add tasks to or subtract tasks from a quote depending on your needs as the project progresses

– Quoting and Paperwork

Step 3

Your Project Manager will work with you to establish a date for the pre-test product sampling and subsequent testing

An Engineer or Inspector will proceed with the pre-test product sampling on-site at the manufacturing facility

• Witness and document construction of test sample• Materials Used, Verification of Component Dimensions, Manufacturing Process

(adhesives/pressing, welding, etc.)

Why? • Protects traceability and chain of custody on test samples• Establishes minimum construction design for future manufacturing of listed product

– Pre-Test Product Sampling

Step 4

Test samples arrive at the lab, are verified as having been sampled, and are installed within the test fixture• Rigid Wall Construction (Masonry) or Flexible Wall Construction (Drywall) per Test Plan.

Samples are tested• Clients are encouraged to witness testing in person at the lab.• If you cannot witness testing in person, Intertek does offer remote witnessing via Skype.

Report issued following testing

– Testing

Step 5

Project Manager creates your product Listing and approved certification label which will be stored in our Spec-Direct database based on successful testing as well as pre-test plan/evaluation.

• Linked to Intertek Certification Directory• spec-direct.com and bpdirectory.intertek.com

– Certification & Follow-Up Services

Step 6

Active product listing available for public view on the Product Certification Directory. • These services are free to use, and customers or Building Code Officials can easily be

directed to your product listings.• Proprietary information kept confidential between Intertek and Client.

Logos available from Intertek for product literature.

Customer and technical support provided by Intertek staff.

– Use Your Mark & Labeling

FIRE DOOR LABELING

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Label Example:

• Requirements defined by NFPA 80, IBC, and Intertek.

• All artwork must be reviewed by Intertek.

• Mylar or metal labels are available.

PROCESS MISCONCEPTIONS

• Samples can be sent directly to the lab for certification testing OR sample construction can begin at the manufacturing facility without Intertek witness.• Sampling requirements need to be discussed with your Project Manager first.

• Just because you have a passing test report does not mean that you can label product.• The Authorization Mark must be issued in order to label product.

• I can make changes to the listed design without asking Intertek.• Intertek listed and labeled product must be manufactured in accordance with

the Intertek product listing.

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FIELD ISSUES & LABELING

NFPA 80

All listed fire doors and components must be installed per NFPA 80 for the certification to be considered valid.Chapter 4 – General Requirements

• Allowable Job-Site Preparations• Labeling Guidelines

Chapter 5 – Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance• Field Modifications and Field Labeling

Chapter 6 – Swinging Doors with Builders Hardware• Clearances• Builders Hardware Guidelines

FIRE RATED OPENING – BASIC REQUIREMENTS

Fire Door and Frame not labeled in listed factory are not certified!

COMMON FIELD ISSUES

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FIELD INSPECTIONS & LABELING

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If your already-installed Intertek certified fire doors are missing a proper certification mark, Intertek’s field labeling services can help you avoid removal and replacement of unlabeled openings.

• Conduct a comprehensive review of all components in question.

• Provide you with a written deficiencies report.

• Offer support for modifications and corrections.

• Provide re-inspection services and apply the Intertek fire-rating label (when appropriate).

WHO CAN PERFORM FIELD LABELING?

NFPA 80 (2019) has clarified Field Labeling – 5.1.4 (below).2013 and prior had no dedicated section for Field Labeling, 2016 incorporated a new section but allowed individuals or companies that were ‘certified or listed’ – i.e. non-Listing Agencies.

Performed by the listing agency that maintains periodic inspections of production of labeled equipment or materials under review and by whose labeling the manufacturer indicates compliance with appropriate standards… (5.1.4.1)

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FIELD LABELING - EXAMPLE LABEL

Field Label Example:Requirements defined by NFPA 80 (2016 and Beyond - Chapter 5), and Listing Agency.Mylar (shown) or metal labels are most common substrates.

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FIELD LABELING RECOMMENDATIONS

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• Get in the habit of keeping and maintaining good records in regard to annual fire door inspections and maintenance. This information may help should you need the Listing Agency to field inspect and/or field label an opening protective.

• Maintenance and inspection records are required per NFPA 80.

• Many items that will be flagged during an inspection are easily correctable (i.e. open fastener holes -methods for repair stated in Section 5.5.7 of NFPA 80.) This may prevent a reinspection visit by the Listing Agency or AHJ.

• A door or frame might meet the necessary criteria for field labeling; however, as an assembly there might be other issues that require additional correction and additional visits from the Listing Agency and/or the AHJ. Knowing the 13 points of inspection in Chapter 5 of NFPA 80 may help reduce the need for follow-up visits and will save time and money in the long run.

NFPA 80 INSPECTION GUIDELINES

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INSTALLATION CONSIDERATIONS

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Be mindful of the inspection requirements in Chapter 5 of NFPA 80!• Hardware works & secures door, no open holes or breaks, no

missing/broken parts, etc.

We consistently see assemblies having clearance issues in the field: • Max. ¾” under bottom of door.• Door to Frame Interface

• Hollow Metal – 1/8” +/- 1/16”• Wood – Depends on fire resistance duration and door construction –

allowances were redefined in 2016 Version of NFPA 80. 2013 version of NFPA 80 states max. 1/8” for all wood applications.

• Taken from pull side of assembly.

• Auxiliary hardware items that interfere or prohibit operation are not installed on the door or frame. [NFPA 80 (2016 & 2019), 5.2.3.5.2 (10)]

WHAT IS ALLOWED IN THE FIELD?

Consult Section 4.1.3 of NFPA 80 (2013, 2016, and 2019 Versions)

• Holes for surface-applied hardware, functional holes for mortise locks, and holes for labeled viewers. Round holes!

• Max. 1” diameter with the exception of cylinders.

• Maximum ¾” undercutting for wood/wood-composite doors.

• Installation of protection plates.

WHAT IS ALLOWED IN THE FIELD?

Additional allowances for NFPA 80 (2016 and 2019)

• Round holes > 1” diameter for surface-applied hardware in accordance with door manufacturer’s listing and hardware manufacturer’s listing.

• Drilling raceways for wires in accordance with door manufacturer’s listing and when permitted by the third-party certification agency that lists the door.

• Intertek Raceway Installers IQP Program• 2019 version also has a provision for preparation of fire pins.

• All other items are considered field modifications and need to be addressed by the Third-Party Listing Agency.

• Evaluation and/or Additional Testing• Field Labeling

ADDITIONAL RESOURCES

INTERTEK PROGRAMS

Intertek Qualified Personnel (IQP) Programs

Intertek Qualified Personnel are third-party qualified by Intertek to perform proper installations or inspections in the field and represent a commitment to providing quality work that is trusted by Building Code Officials and Facility Managers alike.

• Raceway Installer

• Hardware Installer

INTERTEK PROGRAMS - BENEFITS

• Increased credibility, acceptance, and recognition from educational classes, examination, and auditing.• Intertek Marketing and Assurance

• Expand your business offerings and add alternate streams of potential revenue.

• Ability to perform specific field modifications beyond the standard allowable items in NFPA 80 (Raceway Program and Hardware Installers program).

• Increase your company visibility and networking capabilities.

BLAST TESTING CAPABILITIES – YORK

Pneumatic Shock Tube• Specimen Size: 84” x 84”, generally planar.• Pressure Range: 4 psi – 28 psi-msec to 12 psi – 100 psi-msec (limited by building).• High-speed data acquisition, non-contacting laser displacement gauges and high-speed camera.• Approximately two – three tests per day• Typical projects: windows, doors, storefront, wall panels, skylights, louvers, control room windows.

BLAST TESTING CAPABILITIES –YORK

Arena Facility• Remote 10 acre facility surrounded by ranchland.

• Specimen Size: Two 20’ x 12’ reflected chambers and one 15’ x 10’ incident skylight chamber. Multiple specimens per chamber per test. Custom size chamber available upon request.

• Pressure Range: up to 725 psi and up to 800 psi-msec(pressure and impulse limited by charge size).

• 128 channels of high-speed data acquisition and multiple high-speed cameras.

• 1 test per day.

• Typical projects: windows, doors, storefront, curtain wall, wall panels, blast valves, skylights, control room windows, vehicle cabs.

BALLISTIC TESTING CAPABILITIES – YORK

Indoor Ballistic Range• Accredited to UL 752, Level 1 to Level 8; universal receiver and interchangeable barrels. Shotgun and Level 9 also.

• Accredited to NIJ 0108.01, Type I – IV; universal receiver and interchangeable barrels.

• Federal Railway Administration (.22 rimfire).

• Special purpose projectiles (rock strike, sporting equipment, detention facilities).

• Oehler chronograph and high-speed camera.

• Typical projects: glazing materials, BR panels, windows, doors, storefront, curtain wall and wall panels.

FORCED ENTRY TESTING CAPABILITIES – YORK

• Specimen size 14’ wide by 12’ tall.• Tool sets for Department of State SD-STD-01.01, ASTM F1233, ASTM F3038, ASTM

F1592 and ASTM F1915.• Extensive on-site staff to utilize for mob attack tests.• Typical projects: glazing materials, windows, doors and wall panels.• Have combined FER and Ballistics on same specimen.

PROJECT TIPS - PREPARATION IS KEY

• Have drawings and/or literature ready from the start.

• Have a general timeline in mind – if you need product certification by certaindeadline let us know and we will do our best to schedule your project accordingly.

• Know what you are up against:• Engineering considerations• R&D testing

• Keep lines of communication open with your Intertek Project Manager. If you have a question along the way, ask!

MARKET NEEDS

• What markets are you currently selling into?

• Are there new markets that you would like to start selling into?

• What do your customers need now or in the future?

• Needs beyond fire testing or that can affect fire tested door configuration.

• What is your 80%?

• Try to capture 80% of your product offering first.

• Once successful, try to tackle more unique / difficult options or configurations.

NEVER LOSE SIGHT

Learn from the test performance of your product.• We always make time to answer questions and/or

walk through the results of your test with you.

Have back-up doors ready.• Take advantage of your time with the Intertek Engineer or

Inspector during the pre-test product sampling visit.- Damage during shipping.- Conservative alternative to Plan A.

CERTIFICATION RELATED ITEMS

• Have a list of personnel available for our Inspections / Follow-Up Service team who may be contacted when he or she arrives for future inspections.

• If there are changes that you want to make to your product, even if they seem insignificant to you, contact your Intertek Project Manager to discuss first.

• Reach out to Intertek if you need assistance with Building Code Officials.

QUESTIONS?

Project Engineer - MEA

deepesh.srivastava@intertek.com

+971565084965

www.intertek.com/building

Deepesh Srivastava