Fire Detection and Alarm Systems_Presentation
Transcript of Fire Detection and Alarm Systems_Presentation
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Fire Detectionand Alarm
Systems
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What is the purpose of anFDAS ?
What is FDAS ?
Fire Detection and Alarm System
An FDAS is designed to detect the
unwanted presence of re/smoke bymonitoring environmental changesassociated with combustion
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!otify building occupants to takeevasive action to escape thedangers of a hostile re
Summon Fire "rigade #eam$Admin/Security/Sta%s& to initiate orassist in re control activities
'nitiate automatic re control (suppression systems ( to sound thealarm
Why FDAS is re)uired?
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Supervise re control( suppression
systems to assureoperational status ismaintained
'nitiate au*iliaryfunctions involving
environmental+ utility
Why FDAS is re)uired?,ont
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,omponents of an FDAS
Fire Alarm Control Panel (FACP) - #his component+ the hub of thesystem+ monitors inputs and systemintegrity+ controls outputs and relaysinformationPrimary Power supply- ,ommonlythe non-switched . 0 or 10 2oltAlternating ,urrent source suppliedfrom a commercial power utility
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Types of FACP
1. Conventional - A conventionalsystem employs one or moreinitiating circuits+ connected tosensors $initiating devices& wired inparallel
. 3ain drawback with conventional panels isthat one cannot specify which device has
been activated within a circuit/area/4oor
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2. A ressa!le - #his type ofinstallation gives each detector on asystem an in ivi ual num!er + ora ress #hus+ addressable detectorsallow an FA,5+ and thereforeAdmin/Security/Fire ghters+ to know the
"eneral location of an alarm where theaddress is indicated on a diagram $i e6nit number+ 4oor number&
pes of FACP continue ..
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#. Fully A ressa!le - #his type ofinstallation gives each detector on a systema SP$C%F%C in ivi ual num!er + or
a ress #hus+ addressable detectors allowan FA,5+ and therefore Admin/Security/Fire
ghters+ to know the $&ACT location of analarm where the address is indicated on adiagram $i e 7itchen area inside the 6nit+8levator hallway. etc &
pes of FACP continue ..
9,ommonly used system
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DAS System
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DAS System
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ures of Fully A ressa!le FACP
5icture taken at 352
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ictures FACP
5icture taken at :"#
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ictures FACP
5icture taken at :"#
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ictures FACP
5icture taken at SA6;
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ictures FACP
5icture taken at SA6;
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ictures FACP
5icture taken at SA6;
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ictures FACP
5icture taken at SA6;
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mponents of an FDAS continue ..
Secon ary (!ac'up) Powersupplies - #his component+ commonlyconsisting of sealed lead-acid storagebatteries or other emergency sourcesincluding generators+ is used tosupply energy in the event of aprimary power failure $average idletime< = hrs& %nitiatin" Devices- #his componentacts as an input to the re alarmcontrol unit and are either manually
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DAS Deviceson ary (!ac'up) Power supply atterie
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DAS Deviceson ary (!ac'up) Power supply atterie
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*elay
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DAS Devices•
+anually Actuate Device ( designed to beinitiated manually like pull stations or!uttons &
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DAS Devices
#aken at :"# at San >uan
3anual ,all 5oint/35S ( orn Strobe
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DAS Devices
#aken at 352 - ,ubao
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,eat DetectorsFi e Temperature Detectors
@ldest types in use elatively ine*pensive
:east prone to false alarms Activation temperature slightlyabove highest ceiling temperature 3ay detect heat by means ofe*pansion of heated material+melting of heated material +resistance changes in the heatedmaterial
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,eat Detectors continue ..
*ate-of-*ise ,eat Detectors
@perate on the principle that thetemperature in a room will increasefaster from re than from atmospherictemperature
Will initiate an alarm when thetemperature hits / 0C
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,eat Detectors continue ..*ate-of-*ise ,eat Detectors
eliable devices+ not subBect tofalse activations "ut if not properly installed+ theycan be activated under non- reconditions $eg detector
located too close to doorway andsubBect to e*treme 4uctuations intemperatures &
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eat etector
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Smo'e Detectors,an initiate an alarm muc
uic'er than a heat detectorbecause it responds to smokegenerated very early in a reCs
developmentAre typically housed in a disk-shaped plastic enclosure about
. 0mm $E in& in diameter andmm $. in& thick+ but the shapecan vary by manufacturer orproduct line
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Smo'e Detectors continue ..P otoelectric Smo'e
Detectors 6ses a photocell coupled witha speci c light source "asically smoke entering thesmoke detector chamberdisrupts the light beamcausing an alarm signal to beinitiated
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Smo'e Detectors
P otoelectric Smo'eDetectors
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Smo'e Detectorsasic Parts of P otoelectric Smo'e Detectors
1. 4ptical c am!er2. Cover#. Case mol in"
. P oto io e5. %nfra re 6$D
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Smo'e Detectors continue ...%oni3ation Smo'e Detectors
'nvisible products of combustionenter the chamber decreasingthe current between the G ( H
plates $disrupts the 4ow of ions&+thereby initiating an alarm signal ;enerally responds faster to
4aming res versus smolderingres Automatically resets when theatmosphere clears
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mo'e Detectors
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mo'e Detectors
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mo'e Detectors
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mo'e Detectors
5icture taken at 352
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mo'e Detectors
5icture taken at 352
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oes Smo'e etectors wor'7
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FDAS Testin"8 %nspection an+aintenanceFire alarm systems are e*pected to helpprotect people+ property+ and assets "ut youcanCt tell if theyCre fully operational 9ust !y
loo'in" at t em
Dust8 irt8 an ot er contaminants cancause problems with smoke detectors Such
things as van alism8 remo elin"8 animproper maintenance procedures canalso damage re protection e)uipment
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Fire Alarm System Testin"8%nspection an +aintenance : Four
( ) Steps1. Test an cali!rate alarm sensors+ suchas 4ame and smoke detectors+ permanufacturer speci cations #his re)uiresknowing about the di%erent sensorsIandtheir testing re)uirements+ failure modes+and re-installation re)uirements
2. Simulate inputs and test theannunciators #his re)uires speci cknowledge of the system under test
#. C ec' t e !attery for corrosion ande piration ate + then take appropriate
action+ if necessary
erify if the e)uipment is still on warranty period
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AlarmFumes from cooking processesSteam
#obacco Smoke/ 8-,igarette 2aporDust'nsect/s
Aerosol Sprayigh air velocity
8lectromagnetic interference'ncense/,andles
igh umiditySubstantial 4uctuation in #emperatureAccidental damage $35S&5ressure surges $Sprinkler system&
ot works
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8nd of eport
5repared by< ayJon F Santos