FIRE AND ELECTRICAL HAZARDS

PRESENTED BY

RESHMA FATHIMA.K

FIRST YEAR M.PHARM

DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICS

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION

FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARDS

CONTROL OF FIRE AND EXPLOSION

INDUSTRIAL PLANT

FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

ELECTRICAL HAZARDS

HOW SHOCK OCCUR

TYPES OF ELECTRICAL HAZARDS

PREVENTION OF ELECTRICAL HAZARDS

INTRODUCTION

Hazard is a term associated with a substance that is

likelihood to cause an injury in a given environment

or situation.

Industrial hazard may be defined as any condition

produced by industries that may cause injury or

death to personnel or loss of product or property

safety in simple terms means freedom from the

occurrence of risk or injury or loss.

Industrial safety or employee safety

It refers to the protection of workers from the

danger of industrial accidents.

Safety hazards

Toxic and corrosive chemicals,fire,explosions and

personnel falling into accidents are the major

health and safety hazards encountered in the

operations of chemical and pharmaceutical related

industries.

Accident prevention needs systemic and technical

study of every aspect of the plant design and

operation. Todays industry employs user friendly

machinery, which can withstand human error and

equipment failure.

FIRE OR COMBUSTION

Combustion may be defined as a chemical reaction

accompanied by the emission of light and heat

Three factors are essential for combustion namely

Combustible materials

Oxygen

Temperature

FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARDS

Spontaneous combustion and non explosion proof

electrical equipment is the potential ignition

source.

Fire occur in industry is more frequently than

explosions and toxic release, although the

consequences in terms of loss of life are generally

less. Therefore fire might be less hazardous.

Fire can take several different forms including

Jet fires

Pool fires

Boiling liquid expanding vapour explosion.

CONTROL OF FIRE AND

EXPLOSION

Fire protection provisions are applicable to

bulk drug industries, whether

synthetic,biological or microbiological.

Government regulations are available for

safety in fire protection.

Careful plant layout and judicious choice of constructional

materials can reduce fire and explosion hazards.

Hazards operations should be isolated by conducting them in

separate buildings.

• Fire resistance brick walls or reinforced concrete walls can

limit the effect of an explosion.

The roof is designed to left easily under an explosive force

Possible sources of fire are reduced by eliminating ignition

sources.

Installation of fire alarms temperature alarms fire fighting

equipment and sprinkler system must be specified in design

INDUSTRIAL PLANT

Location

Arrangement of buildings

Fire mains, hydrants and hoses

Fire alarm equipment

BUILDINGS

Type of construction

Exits

Lighting

Color in industry

Ventilation

Sanitation

Automatic sprinkler system

First aid

Fire extinguisher

Equipment

Avoiding of general machinery

Flammable liquids

Fires are divided into three categories

Class A fires – originated from ordinary combustible

materials

Class B fires-originated from oils , greases,

flammable liquids etc.

Class C fires – originated from electrical equipments

FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

Soda acid extinguisher

Water gas extinguisher

Foam extinguisher

Carbon dioxide extinguisher

Dry powder chemical extinguisher

ELECTRICAL HAZARDS

Electrical hazards are 1 of the 4 main hazards in construction

causing serious injury or death. Approximately 350

electrically related fatalities occur each year. That’s 350

deaths that could be prevented

Many people working with electricity do not understand how

it works. Operating an electrical switch is like turning on a

water faucet. Behind the faucet (or)switch there is a source

of water (or electricity), a way to transport it, and pressure

to make it flow. The faucet’s water source is a reservoir or

pumping station.

A pump provides enough pressure for the water to

travel through the pipes. The switch’s electrical

source is a power generating station. A generator

provides the pressure for the electrical current to

travel through electrical conductors, or wires.

Three factors determine the resistance of a

substance to the flow of electricity:

What is made of

Its temperature , its size

HOW SHOCKS OCCUR

Electricity travels in closed circuits, normally

through a conductor. Shock results when the body

becomes part of the electrical circuit; current

enters the body at one point and leaves at

another. Typically, shock occurs when a person

contacts:

Both wires of an energized circuit

One wire of an energized circuit and the ground

A metallic part in contact with an energized wire while the

person is also in contact with the ground.

The most frequent causes of electrical injury/death are:

Contact with power lines

Lack of ground-fault protection

Path to ground missing or discontinuous

Equipment not used in manner prescribed

Improper use of extension and flexible cords

TYPES OF ELECTRICAL

HAZARDSSHORT CIRCUIT

SERIES CIRCUIT

PARALLEL CIRCUIT

SHORT CIRCUIT

A short circuit is a low resistance path usually made

unintentionally that bypasses the part of a circuit.

This can happen when two base coils in a circuit

touch each other.

SERIES CIRCUIT

The same current flows through all the components.

The total voltage across the circuit is the sum of

voltages across each components and the total

resistance is the sum of the total resistances of

each components

V=V1 + V2+ V3

R = R1 + R2 + R3

PARALLEL CIRCUIT

Smaller wires connected parallel with same voltage but

different amount of current flowing through them

depends upon the resistance of the individual wires.

TO AVOID HAZARDS

Look for overhead power lines and buried power line

indicators. Post warning signs.

Contact utilities for buried power line locations.

Stay at least 10 feet away from overhead power lines

Use double-insulated tools and equipment, distinctively marked.

Use tools and equipment according to the instructions

included in their listing, labeling or certification.

Ground all power supply systems, electrical circuits,

and electrical equipment.

Frequently inspect electrical systems to ensure that the

path to ground is continuous.

Visually inspect all electrical equipment before use.

Take any defective equipment out of service

Frequently inspect electrical systems to ensure

that the path to ground is continuous.

Visually inspect all electrical equipment before

use. Take any defective equipment out of service

Use non conducting wood

Use only extension cords that are three wire type