FinalReport2 (1)

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CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION


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1.1 PROJECT OVERVIEW

This project aims to track the vehicle with the help of the GPS and GSM technology. GPS

(Global Positioning System) module gives the location of the vehicle. Communication link isestablished through a GPS transceiver. GPS will give the information of latitude and

longitude that can be sent towards the viewing system. With this system, we can easily

identify vehicle thefts. GSM is used for receiving and sending messages according to the

software program written to perform the task.

Global system for mobile communication (GSM) is a globally accepted standard for digital

cellular communication. The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation

system that sends and receives radio signals. A GPS receiver acquires these signals and

provides you with the information. Using GPS technology, you can determine location,

velocity, and time, 24 hours a day, in any weather conditions anywhere in the worldfree.

Fig1: Vehicle Tracking System


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1.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION

Fig 2: Block Diagram of Vehicle Tracking System

The Block diagram consists of a GPS modem, a GSM modem, a Micro controller with

interfacing devices, a LCD Display and power supply. These are the main hardware

components used in our project.

As soon as the engine starts, both the modems are ON. Then, GPS modem sends the vehicle

location to the microcontroller. The signals in form of the latitudes and longitudes are

obtained. To display the status of the GSM and GPS, a LCD display is used at the output

section. Simultaneously, the GSM modem sends this information to the user mobile.

In GSM modem initially, we have to insert the SIM card, then this number sends all

messages. The microcontroller controls the entire process. The maximum power supply

required to operate the hardware circuitry is +5V DC voltage.


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1.3 PICTORIAL REPRESENTATION

Fig3: Pictorial Representation


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CHAPTER-2

SYSTEM OVERVIEW


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2.1 DEVELOPMENT STAGES AND PROCESS

The complete development of this system can be divided into the following stages

Problem Definition Stage

Designing block diagram Implementing circuits and components Developing flowchart for software Writing actual code for Microcontroller Compiling the code Burning the hex file into Microcontroller with programmer Testing Running Documentation

2.1.1 Problem Definition Stage

This is the very first stage to develop any project. It actually defines the concept of the

project. In this section, the purpose i.e. why this particular project is required is explained.

2.1.2 Designing block diagram

At this stage, we have categorized the whole system with different individual modules. These

modules will be helpful in understanding the concept and working of the integrated system.

2.1.3 Implementing circuits and components

This is the actual implementation of circuit of each block. At this stage, we have actually

designed each block separately and finally integrated them into the complete working system.

2.1.4 Developing flowchart for software

To get the logical flow of the software, the development of flowchart is having a prominent

role. Therefore, we have to analyze the complete system and organize the flowchart in such a

manner that one can understand the complete working of the software.


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2.1.5 Writing actual code for Microcontroller

After the development of the algorithm and flowchart, we have actually translated them in C

language for AT89S52 Microcontroller so that it can understand the instructions and run as

per our requirement. The instructions are in ANSII C language.

2.1.6 Compiling the code

The hand written code on the paper was then transferred into the computer. For that, we have

used Keil pre-install on PC. We simulated and compiled our program for error checking.

After removing several compiling errors the program was converted into machine language

i.e. Intel hex format.

2.1.7 Burning the hex file into Microcontroller with programmer

In this stage, the compiled hex format file was downloaded or burned into AT89S52

Microcontroller. This was done by using in-system programming software provided by the

manufacturer itself.

2.1.8 Testing

This time we tested our project for actual working, after loading the software into the

microcontroller. Any errors found were removed successfully.

2.1.9 Running

This is the last and final stage of development of our project. In this stage, a user flowchart

was made so that anyone can use this system without any difficulty.


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CHAPTER-3

POWER SUPPLY

`


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The project modules work mainly on 5V DC power supply. The following block diagram

shows AC to DC conversion:

Fig4: Block diagram of AC to DC conversion

Following is the description of all the components used:

A) TRANSFORMER:A transformer is a static electrical device that transfers energy by inductive

coupling between its winding circuits. A varying current in the primary winding creates a

varying magnetic flux in the transformer's core and thus a varying magnetic flux through

the secondarywinding. This varying magnetic flux induces a varying electromotive force

(emf) or voltage in the secondary winding.

The ideal transformer induces secondary voltageES =VS as a proportion of the primary

voltage VP =EP and respective winding turns as given by the equation

where


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VP/VS =EP/ES = a is the voltage ratio andNP/NS = a is the winding turns ratio, the value of

these ratios being respectively higher and lower than unity for step-down and step-up

transformers

B) BRIDGE RECTIFIER:

A diode bridge is an arrangement of four diodes in bridge circuit configuration that

provides the same polarity of output for either polarity of input. When used in its most

common application, for conversion of an alternating current (AC) input into a direct

current (DC) output, it is known as a bridge rectifier. A bridge rectifier provides full-wave

rectification from a two-wire AC input, resulting in lower cost and weight as compared to

a rectifier with a 3-wire input from a transformer with a center-tapped secondary winding.

The essential feature of a diode bridge is that the polarity of the output is the same

regardless of the polarity at the input.

Fig5: Bridge rectifier

B) FILTER:

The raw DC supplied by a rectifier on its own would consist of a series of half sine waves

with the voltage varying between zero and 2 times the RMS voltage .A supply of this nature

would not be of any use for powering circuits. To smooth the output of the rectifier a

reservoir capacitor is used - placed across the output of the rectifier and in parallel with the

load.


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Fig6: Reduction of ripple voltage by filter

C) VOLTAGE REGULATOR:A voltage regulator is designed to automatically maintain a constant voltage level. A

voltage regulator may be a simple "feed forward" design or may include negative

feedback control loops. A most common voltage regulator is IC 7805. It provides +5V

regulated power supply

Fig7: IC 7805

Fig8.: PIN DESCRIPTION Of 7805

Pin

No

Function Name

1 Input voltage (5V-18V) Input

2 Ground (0V) Ground

3 Regulated output; 5V (4.8V-5.2V) Output


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CHAPTER-4

MICROCONTROLLER


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4.1 INTRODUCTION TO AT89S52 MICROCONTROLLER

The AT89S52 is a low power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8K bytesof in-system programmable Flash memory. The device is manufactured using Atmels high-

density non-volatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry-standard 80C51

instruction set and pin out.

The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a

conventional non-volatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with in-

system programmable Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S52 is a powerful

microcontroller, which provides a highly flexible and cost-effective solution to many

embedded control applications.

The AT89S52 provides the following standard features: 8K bytes of Flash, 256 bytes of

RAM, 32 I/O lines, Watchdog timer, two data pointers, three 16-bit timer/counters, a six-

vector two-level interrupt architecture, a full duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator, and clock

circuitry. In addition, the AT89S52 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero

frequency and supports two software selectable power saving modes.

The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port, and

interrupt system to continue functioning. The Power-down mode saves the RAM contents but

freezes the oscillator, disabling all other chip functions until the next interrupt or hardware

reset.


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4.2 PIN DIAGRAM

Fig 9: Pin diagram of AT89S52


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4.3 PIN DESCRIPTION

VCC: -

Supply voltage +5V regulated power supply for the proper working of the IC.

GND: -

Reference Ground potential.

Port 0: -

Port 0 is an 8-bit open-drain bi-directional I/O port. As an output port, each pin can sink eight

TTL inputs. When 1s are written to port 0 pins, the pins can be used as high inputs. Port 0may also be configured to be the multiplexed low-order address/data bus during accesses to

external program and data memory. In this mode, P0 has internal pull-ups. Port 0 also

receives the code bytes during Flash programming, and outputs the code bytes during

program verification. External pull-ups are required during program verification.

Port 1: -

Port 1 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-ups. The Port 1 output buffers can

sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 1 pins they are pulled high by the

internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 1 pins that are externally being

pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the internal pull-ups. Port 1 also receives the

low-order address bytes during Flash programming and verification.

Port 2: -




pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the internal pull-ups.

Port 2 emits the high-order address byte during fetches from external program memory and

during accesses to external data memories that use 16-bit addresses (MOVX @ DPTR). In

this application, it uses strong internal pull-ups when emitting 1s. During accesses to external


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data memory that use 8-bit addresses (MOVX @ RI), Port 2 emits the contents of the P2

Special Function Register.

Port 2 also receives the high-order address bits and some control signals during Flash

programming and verification.

Port 3: -




pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the pull-ups.

Port 3 also serves the functions of various special features of the AT89C51 as listed below:

Port 3 also receives some control signals for Flash programming and verification.

Table1: Pin Description of AT89S52

Pin

No

Function Name

1

8 bit input/output port (P1) pins

P1.0

2 P1.1

3 P1.2

4 P1.3

5 P1.4

6 P1.5

7 P1.6

8 P1.7

9 Reset pin; Active high Reset


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10Input (receiver) for serial

communicationRxD

8 bit

input/output

port (P3) pins

P3.0

11Output (transmitter) for serial

communicationTxD P

3.1

12 External interrupt 1 Int0 P3.2

13 External interrupt 2 Int1 P3.3

14 Timer1 external input T0 P3.4

15 Timer2 external input T1 P3.5

16 Write to external data memory Write P3.6

17 Read from external data memory Read P3.7

18

Quartz crystal oscillator (up to 24 MHz)

Crystal 2

19 Crystal 1

20 Ground (0V) Ground

21


/

High-order address bits when interfacing with external memory

P2.0/ A8

22 P2.1/ A9

23 P2.2/ A10

24 P2.3/ A11

25 P2.4/ A12

26 P2.5/ A13

27 P2.6/ A14

28 P2.7/ A15

29 Program store enable; Read from external program memory PSEN


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Address Latch Enable ALE

Program pulse input during Flash programming Prog

31 External Access Enable; Vcc for internal program executions EA

Programming enable voltage; 12V (during Flash programming) Vpp

32


Low-order address bits when interfacing with external memory

P0.7/ AD7

33 P0.6/ AD6

34 P0.5/ AD5

35 P0.4/ AD4

36 P0.3/ AD3

37 P0.2/ AD2

38 P0.1/ AD1

39 P0.0/ AD0

40 Supply voltage; 5V (up to 6.6V) Vcc


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4.4 FEATURES

Compatible with MCS-51 Products 8K Bytes of In-System Reprogrammable Flash Memory Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz Three-level Program Memory Lock 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM 32 Programmable I/O Lines Three 16-bit Timer/Counters Eight Interrupt Sources Programmable Serial Channel Low-power Idle and Power-down Modes 4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range Full Duplex UART Serial Channel Interrupt Recovery from Power-down Mode Watchdog Timer Dual Data Pointer Power-off Flag Fast Programming Time Flexible ISP Programming (Byte and Page Mode)


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CHAPTER-5

GSM MODULE


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5.1 SIM300 OVERVIEW

Designed for global market, SIM300 is a Tri-band GSM/GPRS engine that works on

frequencies EGSM 900 MHz, DCS 1800 MHz and PCS 1900 MHz SIM300 features GPRS

multi-slot class 10/ class 8 (optional) and supports the GPRS coding schemes CS-1, CS-2,

CS-3 and CS-4.

With a tiny configuration of 40mm x 33mm x 2.85mm, SIM300 can fit almost all the space.

The physical interface to the mobile application is made through a 60-pin board-to-board

connector, which provides all hardware interfaces between the module and customers boards

except the RF antenna interface.

Fig10: SIM300 GSM module

The SIM300 provides RF antenna interface with two alternatives: antenna connector and

antenna pad. The antenna connector is MURATA MM9329-2700 and customers antenna can

be soldered to the antenna pad. The SIM300 is designed with power saving technique; the

current consumption is as low as 2.5mA in SLEEP mode.

The SIM300 is integrated with the TCP/IP protocol; extended TCP/IP AT commands are

developed for customers to use the TCP/IP protocol easily, which is very useful for those data

transfer applications.


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CHAPTER-6

GPS MODULE


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6.1 INTRODUCTION

LS20030 is a complete GPS smart antenna receiver, including an embedded antenna and

GPS receiver circuits, designed for a broad spectrum of OEM system applications. The

product is based on the proven technology found in LOCOSYS 32 channel GPS SMD type

receivers MC-1513 that use MediaTek chip solution. The GPS smart antenna will track up to

32 satellites at a time while providing fast time-to-first-fix, one-second navigation update and

low power consumption.

Fig11:GPS Module

It can provide you with superior sensitivity and performance even in urban canyon and dense

foliage environment. Its far-reaching capability meets the sensitivity requirements of car

navigation as well as other location-based applications.

6.2 FEATURES

MediaTek MT3318 solution Support 32-channel GPS Fast TTFF at low signal level Up to 5 Hz update rate Capable of SBAS (WAAS, EGNOS, MSAS) Build-in micro battery to reserve system data for rapid satellite acquisition

(not in LS20033)

LED indicator for GPS fix or not fix (not in LS20033)


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6.3 APPLICATION

o Personal positioning and navigationo Automotive navigationo Marine navigation

6.4 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF LS20030

Fig12:LS20030 Block Diagram


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CHAPTER-7

RS232


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7.1 INTRODUCTION

RS232 is the most known serial port used in transmitting the data in communication and

interface. Even though serial port is harder to program than the parallel port, this is the most

effective method in which the data transmission requires less wires that yields to the less cost.

The RS232 is the communication line which enables the data transmission by only using

three wire links. The three links provides transmit, receive and common ground.

7.2 SERIAL COMMUNICATION VIA RS232 PORT

The transmit and receive line on this connecter send and receive data between the

computers. As the name indicates, the data is transmitted serially. The two pins are TXD &

RXD. There are other lines on this port as RTS, CTS, DSR, DTR, and RTS, RI. The 1 and

0 are the data which defines a voltage level of 3V to 25V and -3V to -25V respectively.

The electrical characteristics of the serial port as per the EIA (Electronics Industry

Association) RS232C Standard specifies a maximum baud rate of 20,000bps, which is slow

compared to todays standard speed. For this reason, we have chosen the new RS -232D

Standard, which was recently released.

The RS-232D has existed in two types. i.e., D-TYPE 25 pin connector and D-TYPE 9 pin

connector, which are male connectors on the back of the PC. You need a female connector on

your communication from Host to Guest computer. The pin outs of both D-9 & D-25 are

show below.

Fig13 Connections of the Null modem using RS-232D connecter


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7.3 RS-232 LEVEL CONVERTERS

Almost all digital devices which we use require either TTL or CMOS logic levels. Therefore

the first step to connecting a device to the RS-232 port is to transform the RS-232 levels back

into 0 and 5 Volts. Two common RS-232 Level Converters are the 1488 RS-232 Driver and

the 1489 RS-232 Receiver. Each package contains 4 inverters of the one type, either Drivers

or Receivers. The driver requires two supply rails, +7.5 to +15v and -7.5 to -15v.

Table2:RS232 Voltage Levels

7.4 MAX232

The MAX232 is an integrated circuit, that converts signals from an RS 232 serial port to

signals suitable for use in TTL compatible digital logic circuits. The MAX232 is a dual

driver/receiver and typically converts the RX, TX, CTS and RTS signals.

RS232 Line Type & Logic Level RS232 Voltage

TTL Voltage

to/from

MAX232

Data Transmission (Rx/Tx) Logic 0 +3 V to +15 V 0 V

Data Transmission (Rx/Tx) Logic 1 -3 V to -15 V 5 V

Control Signals

(RTS/CTS/DTR/DSR) Logic 0-3 V to -15 V 5 V

Control Signals

(RTS/CTS/DTR/DSR) Logic 1+3 V to +15 V 0 V
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_circuithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RS-232http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RS-232http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_circuit


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Fig14: Typical MAX-232 Circuit.

When a MAX232 IC receives a TTL level to convert, it changes a TTL Logic 0 to between

+3 and +15 V, and changes TTL Logic 1 to between -3 to -15 V, and vice versa for

converting from RS232 to TTL. This can be confusing when you realize that the RS232 Data

Transmission voltages at a certain logic state are opposite from the RS232 Control Line

voltages at the same logic state.

MAX232(A) DIP Package Pin Layout

Nbr Name Purpose Signal VoltageCapacitor Value

MAX232

1 C1+ + connector forcapacitor C1

capacitor should stand atleast 16V

1F

2 V+ output of voltage pump+10V, capacitor should stand

at least 16V1F to VCC

3 C1-- connector for

capacitor C1

capacitor should stand at

least 16V1F


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4 C2++ connector for

capacitor C2

capacitor should stand at

least 16V1F

5 C2- - connector forcapacitor C2

capacitor should stand atleast 16V

1F

6 V-output of voltage pump

/ inverter

-10V, capacitor should stand

at least 16V1F to GND

7 T2out Driver 2 output RS-232

8 R2in Receiver 2 input RS-232

9 R2out Receiver 2 output TTL

10 T2in Driver 2 input TTL

11 T1in Driver 1 input TTL

12 R1out Receiver 1 output TTL

13 R1in Receiver 1 input RS-232

14 T1out Driver 1 output RS-232

15 GND Ground 0V 1F to VCC

16 VCC Power supply +5V see above

Table3:MAX232 PIN Layout


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CHAPTER 8

LCD MODULE


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8.1 OVERVIEW

LCD modules are available in a wide range like 8x1, 8x2, 16x1, 16x2, 20x2, 20x4, and 40x4.

Here we have used 16x2- that means two rows of 16 characters. It is a Hitachi HD44780

compatible module, having 16 pins including two pins for backlight.

Following table gives pin structure of LCD module. LCD modules without backlight will

have only 14 pins. If you are using such LCDs, simply ignore 15th and 16th pins.

8.2 PIN DESCRIPTION

Table4:PIN Functions of LCD Module

To program the LCD module, first we have to initialize the LCD by sending some control

words. RS should be low and E should be high when we send control. R/W pin 0 mean writedata or control to LCD and R/W pin 1 means read data from the LCD. To send a data to


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LCD, make RS high, R/W low, place the data in pins 7 to 14 and make pin E high and low

once.

Fig15:LCD Display


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CHAPTER 9

SOFTWARE USED


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9.1 INTRODUCTION TO KEIL SOFTWARE

Keil MicroVision is an integrated development environment used to create software to be

run on embedded systems (like a microcontroller). It allows for such software to be written

either in assembly or C programming languages and for that software to be simulated on a

computer before being loaded onto the microcontroller.

9.2 VISION3

Vision3 is an IDE (Integrated Development Environment) that helps write, compile, and

debug embedded programs. It encapsulates the following components: A project

manager.

A make facility.

Tool configuration.

Editor.

A powerful debugger.

9.3 STEPS FOLLOWED IN CREATING AN APPLICATION IN Vision3

To create a new project in uVision3:

1. Select Project - New Project.

2. Select a directory and enter the name of the project file.

3. Select ProjectSelect Device and select a device from Device Database.

4. Create source files to add to the project

5. Select Project - Targets, Groups, and Files. Add/Files, select Source Group1, and

add the source files to the project.

6. Select Project - Options and set the tool options. Note that when the target device

is selected from the Device Database all-special options are set automatically.

Default memory model settings are optimal for most applications.


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7. Select Project - Rebuild all target files or Build target

To create a new project, simply start MicroVision and select

Project=>New Project from the pulldown menus. In the file dialog that

appears, choose a name and base directory for the project. It is recommended that

a new directory be created for each project, as several files will be generated. Once

the project has been named, the dialog shown in the figure below will appear,

prompting the user to select a target device. In this lab, the chipbeing used is the

AT89S52, which is listed under the heading Atmel.

Fig16.: Window for choosing the target device

Next, MicroVision must be instructed to generate a HEX file upon program compilation.

A HEX file is a standard file format for storing executable code that is to be loaded onto

the microcontroller.

In the Project Workspace pane at the left, rightclick on Target 1 and select

Options forTarget 1.Under the Output tab of the resulting options dialog, ensure

that both the Create Executable and Create HEX File options are checked. Then

clickOK.

Next, a file must be added to the project that will contain the project code. To do this,


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expand the Target 1 heading, rightclick on the Source Group 1 folder, and select

Add files Create a new blank file (the file name should end in .asm), select it,

and clickAdd. The new file should now appear in the Project Workspace pane under

the Source Group 1 folder. Double-click on the newly created file to open it in the

editor. All code for this lab will go in this file. To compile the program, first save all

source files by clicking on the Save All button, and then click on the Rebuild all

Target Files to compile the program as shown in the figure below. If any errors or

warnings occur during compilation, they will be displayed in the output window at the

bottom of the screen. All errors and warnings will reference the line and column

number in which they occur along with a description of the problem so that they can

be easily located. Note that only errors indicate that the compilation failed, warnings do

not (though it is generally a good idea to look into them anyway).

Fig.17 Save All and Build All Target Files Buttons

When the program has been successfully compiled, it can be simulated using the integrated

debugger in Keil MicroVision. To start the debugger, select Debug=>Start/Stop Debug

Session from the pulldown menus.

At the left side of the debugger window, a table is displayed containing several key

parameters about the simulated microcontroller, most notably the elapsed time (circled in

the figure below). Just above that, there are several buttons that control code

execution. The Run button will cause the program to run continuously until a

breakpoint is reached, whereas the Step Into button will execute the next line of code

and then pause (the currentposition in the program is indicated by a yellow arrow to the

left of the code).


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Breakpoints can be set by doubleclicking on the grey bar on the left edge of

the window containing the program code. A breakpoint is indicated by a red box next to

the line of code.


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Fig.18: Reset,Run and Step into options

The current state of the pins on each I/O port on the simulated microcontroller can also

be displayed. To view the state of a port, select Peripherals=>I/O Ports=>Port n from

the pulldown menus, where n is the port number. A checked box in the port window

indicates a high (1) pin, and an empty box indicates a low (0) pin. Both the I/O port data

and the data at the left side of the screen are updated whenever the program is paused.

The debugger will help eliminate many programming errors, however the simulation is

not perfect and code that executes properly in simulation may not always work on the

actual microcontroller.

9.4 DEVICE DATABASE

A unique feature of the Keil Vision3 IDE is the Device Database, which contains

information about more than 400 supported microcontrollers. When you create a new

Vision3 project and select the target chip from the database, Vision3 sets all assembler,


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compiler, linker, and debugger options for you. The only option you must configure is the

memory map.

9.5 PERIPHERAL SIMULATION

The Vision3 Debugger provides complete simulation for the CPU and on-chip peripherals

of most embedded devices. To discover which peripherals of a device are supported, in

Vision3 select the Simulated Peripherals item from the Help menu. You may also use the

web-based Device Database. We are constantly adding new devices and simulation

support for on-chip peripherals so be sure to check Device Database often.

9.6 PROGRAMMER

The programmer used is a powerful programmer for the Atmel 89 series of microcontrollers

that includes 89C51/52/55, 89S51/52/55 and many more.

It is simple to use & low cost, yet powerful flash microcontroller programmer for the Atmel

89 series. It will Program, Read and Verify Code Data, Write Lock Bits, Erase and Blank

Check. All fuse and lock bits are programmable. This programmer has intelligent

onboard firmware and connects to the serial port. It can be used with any type of

computer and requires no special hardware. All that is needed is a serial communication

port which all computers have.

All devices also have a number of lock bits to provide various levels of software and

programming protection. These lock bits are fully programmable using this

programmer. Lock bits are useful to protect the program to be read back from

microcontroller only allowing erase to reprogram the microcontroller.

Major parts of this programmer are Serial Port, Power Supply and Firmware

microcontroller. Serial data is sent and received from 9 pin connector and converted

to/from

All the programming intelligence is built into the programmer so you do not need any

special hardware to run it. Programmer comes with window based software for easyprogramming of the devices.


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9.7 PROLOAD PROGRAMMING SOFTWARE

ProLoad is a software working as a user-friendly interface for programmer boards from

Sunrom Technologies. Proload gets its name from Program Loader term, because that

is what it is supposed to do. It takes in compiled HEX file and loads it to the hardware.

Any compiler can be used with it, Assembly or C, as all of them generate compiled

HEX files. ProLoad accepts the Intel HEX format file generated from compiler to be sent to

target microcontroller. It auto detects the hardware connected to the serial port. It also

auto detects the chip inserted and bytes used. The software is developed in Delphi

and requires no overhead of any external DLL.


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CHAPTER 10

WORKING


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10.1 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

In this project, the GSM and GPS are connected to the micro controller through RS232. The

GSM is used for sending, receiving and reading the messages. The GPS is used for getting

the location of the vehicle from the satellites which sends the location name in the form of

coordinates i.e., latitudes, longitudes and altitudes. GPS uses four satellites at a time to track

the location of the vehicle. These GSM and GPS modules are both meant for serial

communication. Both the GSM and GPS are RS voltage level compatible but the Micro

controller is TTL compatible. To match the voltage levels we are using the MAX-232 line

driver to convert the RS voltage level to TTL voltage levels and vice versa. The controller is

having one serial port. A MAX232 IC which is a transceiver,is used for voltage

compatibility.

The LCD display will act as an output source in this project that will be helpful to display the

latitude and longitude of the vehicle . The LCD display, requires maximum of +5V DC

power supply. Power supply is regulated by using IC 7805 which is a voltage regulator IC,

thus providing constant 5V DC power supply.


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10.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Fig.19Circuit Diagram Of Vehicle Tracking System

10.3 SCHEMATIC DESCRIPTION

The project consists of six sections:

i. Power Supplyii.

Microcontroller

iii. LCD module


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iv. MAX232v. GSM module

vi. GPS module

10.3.1POWER SUPPLY

The project works on 5V DC power supply. The components used are: 240/12V step down

transformer, IN4007 diodes, 7805 voltage regulator, and 1000F electrolytic capacitors.

Fig.20:5V DC power supply

The 12V AC to DC conversion is done by bridge rectifier and passed through filter to

remove ripples. Finally, voltage regulator gives regulated 5V dc output. The role of the

output capacitor is to remove fluctuations in the output voltage due to load.

10.3.2MICROCONTROLLER

The main function of AT89S52 microcontroller is to interface with other three modules. The

microcontroller receives data from GPS module, displays it on LCD and simultaneously

sends an SMS to the owner of the current location of the vehicle using GSM module.

AT89S52 is a 40-pin microcontroller. Out of four ports, Port 1is connected to LCD for

display. Function of ports is to output the data stored in microcontroller to the device

connected to it.


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Fig21:PIN Diagram of AT89S52

In microcontroller, Pin No.10 and Pin No.11 are pins for serial communication. Pin No.

10(RxD) is for serial reception and Pin No.11 (TxD) is for serial transmission. Thus, GPS

sends latitude and longitudinal information to microcontroller via RxD pin.

Now this data is send to LCD for display by Port 1 and to GSM for SMS.GSM cannot receive

data directly from microcontroller since both devices are not voltage compatible. Thus,

microcontroller sends data via TxD pin to Pin 11 of MAX232, which then transmits it to

GSM module.


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10.3.3LCD MODULE

LCD modules main function is to display the latitude and longitude of the vehicle. In our

project we are using 162 LCD is used. Function and description of pins are shown below:

Table5:PIN Assignment of LCD

LCD pins from 7to14 connects to port 1 of microcontroller to receive data bits. Pin 1and pins

2 are ground and supply voltage respectively. For LCD contrast 22k resistor connects in

between pin1 and pin3.Pin 15 and 16 are for backlights and hence connects to Vcc. The RS,

R/W. and EN pins are the control pins which are used for controlling purpose. The RS pin is

used to select either data mode or command mode. The R/W is used to indicate that the LCD

will acts as an either read or write mode. The EN pin is used to enable the data.

The connection of LCD with microcontroller is shown below:


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Fig22: LCD and microcontroller interfacing

10.3.4MAX232:

The MAX232 is an integrated circuit, that converts signals from an RS 232 serial port to

signals suitable for use in TTL compatible digital logic circuits. The MAX232 is a dual

driver/receiver and typically converts the RX, TX, CTS and RTS signals.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_circuithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RS-232http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RS-232http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_circuit


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Table6:MAX232 External Capacitors

The following figure shows the connection of MAX232 with RS232:

Fig23:MAX232 Connection with RS232

Thus MAX232 receives signal from microcontroller at TTL level which is send to GSM

modem via RS232 connector.

MAX232(A) external Capacitors

Capacitor + Pin - Pin

C1 1 3

C2 4 5

C3 2 16

C4 GND 6

C5 16 GND


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CHAPTER 11

PROGRAMMING


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minu();

delay_m(200);

delay_m(200);

lcd_instruction(0x01);

delay_m(200);

}

SCON = 0x50; /* SCON: mode 1, 8-bit UART, enable rcvr */

TMOD = 0x21; /* TMOD: timer 1, mode 2, 8-bit reload */

TH1 = 0xfd; /* TH1: reload value for 9600 */

TR1 = 1; /* TR1: timer 1 run */

TI = 1; /* TI: set TI to send first char of UART */

count=0;

text=msg_M1;

ln=16;

lcd_line1(lcd_buffer);

delay();

text=msg_gsm;

ln=16;


delay();

data_send ();

rx_buf();


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text=msg_gps;

ln=16;


delay();

delay_m(200);

text=msg_gps;

ln=16;


delay();

delay_m(200);

text=msg_dis;

ln=16;


delay();

while(1)

{

count1++;

count++;

rx_buf();

if (count>=100)

{

data_send1 ();


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count=0;

}

}

}

void delay (void)

{

unsigned int x,y;

for (x=0;x


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ln=16;


delay();

}

/*averge[0]=value_avrge/0x10000;

averge[1]=value_avrge/0x100;

averge[2]=value_avrge/0x1;*/

void convertanddisplay(void)

{

lcd_buffer=0xc0;

lcd_instruction(lcd_buffer);

LCDwrite('N');

LCDwrite(':');

LCDwrite(n1);

LCDwrite(n2);

LCDwrite(n3);

LCDwrite(n4);

LCDwrite(n5);

LCDwrite(' ');

LCDwrite('E');


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{

unsigned char i ;

while(RI==0);

i=SBUF;

base_data=i;

RI=0;

key_value=1;

}

void data_send1 (void)

{

delay();

delay();

delay();

delay();

tx_buf('A');

tx_buf('T');

tx_buf(0x0d);

delay();

delay();

delay();

delay();

tx_buf('A');

tx_buf('T');


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tx_buf('A');

tx_buf('T');

tx_buf('+');

tx_buf('C');

tx_buf('M');

tx_buf('G');

tx_buf('S');

tx_buf('=');

tx_buf('0');

tx_buf('7');

tx_buf('8');

tx_buf('3');

tx_buf('8');

tx_buf('6');

tx_buf('8');

tx_buf('5');

tx_buf('5');

tx_buf('0');

tx_buf('1');

tx_buf(0x0d);

delay();

delay();

delay();


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tx_buf(n2);

tx_buf(n3);

tx_buf(n4);

tx_buf(n5);

tx_buf(' ');

tx_buf(' ');

tx_buf(' ');

tx_buf('E');

tx_buf(':');

tx_buf('-');

tx_buf(e1);

tx_buf(e2);

tx_buf(e3);

tx_buf(e4);

tx_buf(e5);

}

void data_send (void)

{

delay();

delay();

delay();

delay();

tx_buf('A');


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tx_buf('T');

tx_buf(0x0d);

delay();

delay();

delay();

delay();

tx_buf('A');

tx_buf('T');

tx_buf(0x0d);

delay();

delay();

delay();

delay();

tx_buf('A');

tx_buf('T');

tx_buf('+');

tx_buf('C');

tx_buf('M');

tx_buf('G');

tx_buf('F');

tx_buf('=');

tx_buf('1');

tx_buf(0x0d);


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delay();

delay();

delay();

delay();

delay();

delay();

delay();

delay();

tx_buf('A');

tx_buf('T');

tx_buf('+');

tx_buf('C');

tx_buf('M');

tx_buf('G');

tx_buf('S');

tx_buf('=');

tx_buf('0');

tx_buf('7');

tx_buf('8');

tx_buf('3');

tx_buf('8');

tx_buf('6');

tx_buf('8');


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tx_buf('5');

tx_buf('5');

tx_buf('0');

tx_buf('1');

tx_buf(0x0d);

delay();

delay();

delay();

delay();

tx_buf('V');

tx_buf('e');

tx_buf('h');

tx_buf('i');

tx_buf('c');

tx_buf('l');

tx_buf('e');

tx_buf(' ');

tx_buf(' ');

tx_buf('S');

tx_buf('t');

tx_buf('a');

tx_buf('r');

tx_buf('t');


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}

CHAPTER 12

APPLICATIONS


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Resource Tracking + job dispatch

Fleet management


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Child and animal tracking

Car Tracking and management system


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OTHER APPLICATIONS:

Ambulance Tracking Monitoring driving behavior Asset tracking Trailer tracking Field service management Stolen vehicle recovery


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CHAPTER 13

FURTHER IMPROVEMENTS

&

FUTURE SCOPE


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In this project, we may take action after the vehicle is stolen like engine halt or simply

tracking. We may provide some of the authentication before operating the vehicle too so that

we can prevent the vehicle thefting at the starting itself. The authentication may be either the

RFID or smart card or a finger print module. By adding the authentication to this project,

more security would add to this project.

This technology in conjunction with mechatronics can be implemented in real time vehicle

tracking and controlling system. Also with the help of Free Google map and the use of HTTP

protocol, location can be specified accurately and over a broader range.

This setup can be made more interactive by adding a display to show some basic information

about the vehicle and also add emergency numbers which can be used in case of emergency.

Upgrading this setup is very easy which makes it open to future requirements without the

need of rebuilding everything from scratch.


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