Final Review - Diamond Council of...

Final Review

The Diamond Course

Diamond Council of America © 2015

ND OL 2015

Progress Evaluation Reminder

If you have not yet completed Progress Evaluation 3, please do so before continuing further with your coursework.

The DCA Diamond Course includes three Progress Evaluations. These come after Lessons 2, 8, and 15. Each one has three separate components – a Learning Evaluation, a Training Evaluation, and a Satisfaction Evaluation.

Detailed instructions for Learning Evaluations are in the Testing Center section of the DCA’s website. Instructions for Training and Satisfaction Evaluations are in the Evaluations section.

If you have other questions or need help, please contact us. You can use this website – just click on Help.

You can also email [email protected] or phone 615-385-5301 / toll free 877-283-5669.

mailto:[email protected]

1The Diamond Course 16

D i a m o n d C o u n c i l o f A m e r i c a ©

Final Review

This review is designed to send you into your exam well-informed and confident.

In This Review:

• TheLastStep• ExamOptions• GradingandCompletion• StudyingfortheExam• LessonChecklists

THE LAST STEPCongratulations! You have come to the Final Review for The

Diamond Course. The time and effort you’ve invested in this phase of your career training will soon be formally recognized, when you are Diamond Certified by the Diamond Council of America.

Your DCA certification identifies you as a true diamond professional, and confirms that you have achieved some very important objectives:

• You’vegainedknowledgeandskillsthatestablishasolidfoundation for your success in diamond retailing.

• You’vedemonstratedyourcommitmenttointegrityandexpertiseinyourwork,andhaveincreasedyourvaluetoyourcompany’s professional team.

• You’veshownthatyoucanlearnbycombiningorganizedindependent study with the resources available in your store and your own experience.

Final Review



EXAM OPTIONSWhen you have successfully completed all three

ProgressEvaluations,youareeligibletotaketheFinalExamination. The exam consists of multiple-choice questionsjustliketheonesontheSelf-TestsandLearning Evaluations. The testing procedure and the numberofquestionsdependonhowyoudecidetotakethe exam, and there are two basic options:

• Open-BookExam–Youtaketheexamwithoutsupervisionandyoucanlookthroughthecoursetofind answers. If you choose this option, the exam willhave100questions.Open-bookexamsaretakenonline.

• Closed-BookExam –Youtaketheexamunderthe supervision of a proctor designated by your company,andyoucannotcheckthelessonsorotherreferences. If you choose this option, the exam will have 60 questions and you will receive special recognitionfromtheDCA.Closed-bookexamscanonlybetakenbymail.

Your review will help you organize your study, identify the main points of each lesson, and recognize areas that need further attention.

Nowit’stimetotakethelaststepinthiscourse:Topreparefor and pass The Diamond Course Final Examination.

If you’re among the sizable percentage of adult learners who feel somewhat anxious at the prospect of structured testing, relax. You’ve already done a great job on the 14 Lesson Self-TestsandthethreeLearningEvaluations.Youcanexpectto do equally well on the exam.

Ifyouthinkyoumayhaveforgottenhowtostudyfortests,you’renotaloneinthat,either.Thisreviewwillwalkyouthrough the process and give you helpful guidelines. When you’ve finished, you’ll be ready for a successful examination.

Final Review



Moststudentstaketheexamopen-book,andthisoption will be automatically available to you when you have completed all Progress Evaluations.

Ifyouwishtotaketheexamclosed-book,pleasenotify the DCA, and arrangements will be made. (Email [email protected] or phone 615-385-5301 / toll free 877-283-5669.)

GRADINGANDCOMPLETIONTheFinalExaminationisgradedliketheLearning

Evaluations. The grade you receive will be a percentage based on correct versus total answers. There are two limits oncoursecompletionthatyouneedtokeepinmind:

• AcademicLimit– The minimum grade target for the Final Examination is 75%. If your grade is less than this, youmayretaketheexamonce.Ifyoudonotreachorexceed the target on the second attempt, you must re-enroll in order to complete the course.

• TimeLimit –Allrequiredcoursework,includingtheFinal Examination, must be completed within 12 consecutive months from the date of enrollment. If you do not meet the time limit, you must re-enroll in order to complete the course. (Your completion deadline is noted ontheCourseInstructionSheetthatwasemailedtoyouafter you enrolled. It also appears on the “Welcome” pageoftheStudentLearningCenter.)

A good way to begin the review of each lesson is running down the checklists and marking off items you’re confident you know.


Final Review



STUDYING FOR THE EXAMYou’ve probably been using many things you learned in the

course.Normally,youdon’tneedtostudywhatyoualreadyknow,soyourreviewshouldgofairlyquickly.Youmightneedtore-readafewlessons,andyou’relikelytodiscoversomefactsyouoverlookedwhenyoufirststudiedthematerial.

There’s no substitute for being prepared for your exam. “Cramming” the night before probably won’t do much more than rob you of good night’s sleep. This review is designed to send you into the exam well-informed and confident. It will help you organize your study, identify the main points of each lesson, and recognize areas that need further attention.

Before you start, let’s recap some of the study tips you received in Lesson 1:

• Setyourreviewscheduleandsticktoit.• Pickaquiet,comfortableplacetostudy.• Wheneveryourattentionbeginstolag,takeashortbreak.

Thenextsectionofthislessonincludeschecklistsofkeytermsandfacts for every lesson in the course. The best approach is to review one lessonatatime.Ifyou’regoingtotaketheexamopen-book,youmightaim at covering four lessons per study session. That way you’ll complete thereviewprocessinaboutfourdays.Ifyou’vedecidedtotaketheexamclosed-book,it’sprobablybettertotackletwolessonspersession,soyourenergy and retention stay high.

A good way to begin the review for each lesson is to run down the checklistsandmarkoffitemsyou’reconfidentyouknow.Thengobacktothelessonandlookupanythingyou’renotsureabout.Makebriefnotesorhighlight the material to reinforce your memory. Be sure to review your Self-Tests,LearningEvaluations,andtheLearningEvaluationFeedbackyou’ve received. Give extra attention to any questions you answered incorrectly.

Final Review



Ifyou’retakingtheexamopen-book,yourmainconcernisknowingwheretofindinformation.Ifyou’vechosentheclosed-bookoptionyouneedtocontinuethroughthechecklistsuntilyou’vemarkedoffeverything,andyou’reabletorespondtoeachitemwithoutlookingbackatthecoursematerial.Forextrapractice,youmightgivethisreviewtoacoworkerorfriendandaskthemtoquizyou.

If you have questions or concerns about the Final Examination or anyotheraspectofyourcoursework,pleasecontacttheDCA.

Diamond Council of America3212WestEndAvenue,Suite400Nashville, TN 37203Phone: 615-385-5301Toll Free: 877-283-5669Fax: 615-385-4955Email: [email protected]: www.diamondcouncil.org

LESSONCHECKLISTSBecause some terms and facts are discussed in more than one lesson, they

maybeduplicatedinthefollowingchecklists.Togetthecompletepictureofanytermortopic,checkallthereferenceswhenyou’rereviewingfortheFinalExamination, or refreshing your memory after finishing the course.


www.diamondcouncil.org

Final Review



LESSON1:TheFirstStep

Terms to Know:

blemish

clarity characteristic

inclusion

metric carat

polish

proportions

symmetry

Facts to Know:

• Whatdiamondsaremadeof(thechemicalelement).

• Thefourprimaryfactorsindeterminingdiamondvalue.

• Whichvaluefactorsarerelatedtonaturalrarity.

• Whichvaluefactorusuallyhasthegreatesteffectonadiamond’s beauty.

• Thestandardunitofweightfordiamonds.

• Theusualbasisofadiamond’sclaritygrade.

• Thenormalmarketrangeofdiamondcolor.

• Whattheterm“cut”referstowhenit’suseddescriptively.

• Themostpopularcutfordiamonds.

• Thefactorsthataffectcutquality.

• ThefunctionoftheFTC.

Final Review



LESSON2:CaratWeight

Terms to Know:

carat

grain (weight)

grainer

light-half

melee

per-carat price

point

total weight

Facts to Know:

• Thestandardunitofweightfordiamonds.

• Equivalentsforcarats,points,grams,andounces(asgiveninthelesson).

• Howfractionsandsimilartermsforweightareusedamongdiamondprofessionals.

• Thedevicesmostprofessionalsusetoweighdiamonds,andtheiraccuracy.

• TheFTCstandardofaccuracyforweightrepresentations.

• HowweightisroundedintheUS,andtheaccuracythisrepresents.

• Howtocalculateper-caratpricefromtotalcost,andviceversa.

• Whatper-caratpricereflects.

• Theaverageweightforthecenterdiamondofanengagementring.

• Thenameandweightofthelargestgemqualitydiamondthathasyetbeendiscovered and authenticated.

• Thename,color,andweightofthelargestpolisheddiamondofall.

Final Review



LESSON3:Clarity

Terms to Know:

abrasion

bearding

blemish

cavity

chip

clarity

clarity characteristic

cleavage (inclusion)

cloud

extra facet

feather

fracture

included crystal

inclusion

knot

laser drill hole

natural

pinpoint

plot

Facts to Know:

• Termstouseandavoidwhendiscussingclarity.• Thedistinctionbetweenblemishesandinclusions.• Howclaritycharacteristicstendtooccur(orwhatcausesthem).• Thebenefitsclaritycharacteristicscanprovide.• ThestandardmagnificationforclaritygradingunderFTC

guidelines.• Instrumentsusedtogradeclarity.• Thefivecriteriaforassessingclaritycharacteristics.• Thebasicapproachtoclaritygrading.• Whataclaritygradereflects.• Whichviewofthediamondnormallycountsmostinsettingthe

clarity grade.• ThesixmaingradecategoriesintheGIADiamondClarity

GradeScaleandhowthesearedefined.• ThetotalnumberofgradesintheGIAclarityscale.• Thepurposesofaclarityplot.• Thepercentageofgemqualitydiamondsthatareflawless.

Final Review



LESSON4:Color

Terms to Know:

blue white

champagne

fancy color diamond

fluorescence

hue

master stone

saturation

tone

Facts to Know:

• Thecolorsincludedinthediamondpalette.

• Onecolorthat’snotinthediamondpalette.

• Thenormalmarketrangefordiamondcolor.

• Thecauseandappearanceoffluorescence.

• Whydiamondsnaturallyoccurindifferentcolors.

• Themostcommontraceelementindiamonds,andwhatcoloritcauses.

• Howadiamond’scolorisevaluatedormeasured.

• ThegradesoftheGIADiamondColorGradeScale,andhowtheyrelatetocolorappearance.

• ThenumberofgradesintheGIAcolorscale.

• Thethreecolorcomponentsanalyzedforfancycolordiamonds.

• Howhue,tone,andsaturationrelatetotherarityandvalueoffancycolordiamonds.

• Howdifferentfancycolorscompareinrarity.

• ThecoloroftheHopeDiamond.

Final Review



LESSON5:CutShapeandStyle

Terms to Know:

Facts to Know:

• Whichofthe4Csisalmostalwaysmostimportantina diamond’s beauty.

• Thethreecomponentsofdiamond’sopticalperformance.

• Themainsectionsofacutdiamond.

• Thethreebasicstylesofdiamondcut.

• Thenumberandnamesoffacetsonthestandardround brilliant.

• Theclassicfancyshapes.

• Examplesofhistoricalandnoveltycuts.

• Whenbrandedcutsbecameimportantinthemarketplace.

• Thetwomaincategoriesofbrandedcuts,andwhatdistinguishes them.

• Reasonswhyadiamondmightbecutacertainway.

• Factorsthataffectthecostofanycutshapeandstyle.

baguette

bezel facet

branded cut

brilliance

brilliant cut

crown

culet

dispersion

emerald cut

facet

fancy cut

fancy shape

fire

girdle

mixed cut

pavilion

scintillation

shape

standard round brilliant

step cut

style

table

Final Review



LESSON6:CutQuality

Terms to Know:

bow-tie effect

bulge factor

crown angle

culet size

finish

fisheye

hearts and arrows

ideal cut

ideal proportions

keel

knife-edgegirdle

length-to-width ratio

make

nailhead

pavilion depth

polish

proportions

shape appeal

super-ideal cut

symmetry

table size

total depth

Facts to Know:

• Thethreecomponentsofcutquality.

• Keyproportionsforroundbrilliantsandfancyshapes.

• Howlighttravelsindiamondswitheffectiveproportions.

• Whathappenstolightindiamondsthataren’tproperlyproportioned.

• Whycuttersvaryproportions.

• Howproportionvariationscanaffectweightyield,appearance, and durability.

• Themainconcernsinjudgingsymmetryandpolish.

• Individualfactorsconsideredundersymmetry.

• Thequalitiesthatdistinguishatrueidealcut.

• Whattheheartsandarrowspatternindicates.

• Howgraderstraditionallyevaluatecut.

• Instrumentsavailableforevaluatingcut.

• ThegradescalestheAGSandGIAuseforcutquality.

• Themanwhosemathematicalanalysisofdiamondcutbecame the basis for most of today’s ideal cuts.

Final Review



LESSON7:DiamondJewelry

Terms to Know:

• Themostfrequentoccasionsforgivingdiamondjewelry.

• HowmanyUScouplesmarkengagementwithadiamond ring.

• Thecenturiesinwhichhistoryfirstrecordedadiamond engagement ring, and the diamond engagement ring became a mainstream American tradition.

• Themostpopularchoiceforengagementrings.• Theanniversariesmostcloselyassociatedwith

diamonds.• Thedistinctivefeaturesandsymbolismofthe

Three-Diamond Anniversary Ring and Journey Diamond Jewelry.

• Theemotionalmessagesthatrighthandringsrepresent.

• Thecomparativeadvantagesofprongandbezelsettings.

• Theprimarycategoriesofdiamondjewelryformen and women.

• Importantsourcesofinspirationfordiamondjewelry designs.

• Techniquesformanufacturingjewelry,andthetypes of jewelry they’re used to produce.

• Howcustom-madeandmass-producedjewelrycompare in features and cost.

• Howthemetalthejewelryismadeofcontributes to diamond jewelry’s appeal.

• ThekaratandEuropeansystemsforratinggoldcontent.

• Howkaratratingrelatestocostandwearability.• Whyplatinumjewelryismoreexpensivethan

comparable items made of gold.• Howplatinumpurityismeasuredandmarked.• FTCguidelinesongoldandplatinum.• Alternativemetalsthatarenowbeingusedfor

diamond jewelry.• Elementsthathelptodefinebrandedjewelry’s

signature.• Factorstoconsiderwhenhelpingcustomers

select jewelry.

ballerina ringbanglebar settingbead settingbezel settingbuttercup settingcastingchannel settingcluster settingcocktailringcrossover ringdiamond anniversary

band

diamond solitairedie-strikingelectroformingeternity ringflush settinggypsy settinghalo ringhand fabricationillusion settinginvisible settingkaratgoldlariatlavaliere

pavé settingprong settingright hand ringsettingslidestraight line braceletstudstennis bracelettension settingTiffany settingYnecklace

Facts to Know:

Final Review



LESSON8:Treatments,Synthetics,andSimulants

Terms to Know:

Facts to Know:

• Thedistinctionsbetweentreateddiamonds,syntheticdiamonds,anddiamondsimulants.

• Howtreatmentsareperformed,andhowtheycanaffectadiamond’sappearance.

• Theonetreatmentthat’salwaysconsidereddeceptivefordiamonds.

• Whengemqualitysyntheticdiamondswerefirstproduced,whentheybegantoappearonthejewelrymarket,andtheircurrentstatus.

• Naturalgemstonesthatare(orhavebeen)usedasdiamondsimulants.

• Themostcommonsimulantsintermsofvolume.

• Recentlab-createdgemmaterialsthatareusedas,ormightbeconsidered,diamondsimulants.

• Pointstoaddresswhenrepresentingsyntheticsandsimulants,ordisclosingtreatment.

• Teststhatcanbeusedtoseparatediamondsfromsimulants,ortoidentifytreatedofsynthetic diamonds.

• Theproductsthatcanbeidentifiedwiththeinstrumentsandtestsavailableinmanyjewelry stores.

• Whichtreatmentscan’talwaysbeidentifiedwithcompletecertainty,andwhynot.

CZ

diamond simulant

diamond tester

doubling

flash effect

fracture filling

HPHTtreatment

irradiation

laser drilling

synthetic cubic zirconia

synthetic diamond

synthetic moissanite

treated diamond

Final Review



LESSON9:FormationandProperties

Terms to Know:

Facts to Know:

• Theagesoftheoldestandyoungestdiamonds.

• ThedepthrangeinsideEarthwherediamondsformed.

• Diamond’schemicalcompositionandcrystalstructure.

• Thepercentageofcarboningemqualitydiamonds.

• Themostcommoncrystalformforgemdiamonds.

• Whydiamondandgraphitehavedifferentproperties.

• Diamond’sratingontheMohsHardnessScale.

• Thespecificgravity,refractiveindex,anddispersionofdiamond.

• Howdiamondformationrelatestothe4Cs.

• Thetraceelementsthatcolordiamondsyelloworblue.

chemical composition

cleavage (property)

covalent bonding

crystal habit

crystal structure

cube (crystal form and pattern)

density

diamond stability field

dodecahedron (crystal form and pattern)

hardness

macle

MohsHardnessScale

octahedron (crystal form and pattern)

property

refraction

refractive index (RI)

specificgravity(SG)

toughness

transparency

Final Review



LESSON10:DepositsandSources

Terms to Know:

alluvial deposit

beach deposit

conflict diamonds

diatreme

KimberleyProcess

kimberlite

lamproite

magma

marine deposit

pipe

primary deposit

river sorting

secondary deposit

Facts to Know:

• HowdiamondsweredeliveredtoEarth’ssurface.

• Howprimaryandsecondarydiamonddepositswereformed.

• Howproductionfromprimarydepositscompareswiththatof secondary deposits.

• Theestimatedtotalofdiamondproductionforallofhistory, and current annual production.

• Theworld’soldestsourceofdiamonds.

• Thecountriesthatnowleadworlddiamondproduction.

• Thetopdiamondproducersmeasuredbyvalueandvolume.

• TheUSstateswithdiamonddepositsormines.

• Howtheconflictdiamondsissuearose,theextentoftheproblem, and how it’s being dealt with.

Final Review



LESSON11:DiscoveryandMining

Terms to Know:

grade

indicator mineral

open pit mining

overburden

recovery

scrubber

surface sampling

test drilling

Facts to Know:

• WhendiamondswerediscoveredinSouthAfrica.

• Equipmentandmethodsusedindiamondexploration.

• Factorsthatweighinassessingthefeasibilityofminedevelopment.

• ThetimeandinvestmentittooktodiscoveranddevelopCanada’sEkatiDiamond Mine.

• Wheretheworld’smostimportantbeachandmarinediamonddepositsarelocated.

• Theaveragesizeofadiamondpipe.

• Thetwowaysofminingadiamondpipe.

• Theaveragelifespanofapipemine.

• Howdiamondsarerecoveredfromminedore.

• Theweightofrockandoreexcavatedforeachpointoffinisheddiamondweight.

Final Review



LESSON12:DiamondCutting

Terms to Know:

blocking

brillianteering

bruting

cleaving

cross-working

diamond grit

grain (crystal)

kerf

magic sizes

sawing

scaife

window

Facts to Know:

• Theprinciplethatallowsdiamondstocutotherdiamonds.

• Whenandwheremoderndiamondcuttingbegantoevolve.

• Thevariablesconsideredinplanningadiamond’scut.

• Thecrystalshapesbestsuitedforcuttingintoroundbrilliants.

• Thetypicalstepsindiamondcutting.

• Thetwowaysofdividingadiamondcrystal.

• Theadvantagesoflasersawing.

• Whennaturalsareconsideredmarksofgoodcutting.

• Theadvantagesofautomatedcutting,andtheweightrangeofdiamonds most often produced by this method.

Final Review



LESSON13:TheDiamondIndustry

Terms to Know:

ALROSA

De Beers

diamantaire

diamond bourse

diamond grading report

Diamond Trading Company (DTC)

independent jeweler

manufacturer

trade laboratory

Facts to Know:

• ThetwomenwhowereimportantintheearlyhistoryofDeBeers.

• ThesloganthatprovidesthethemeforDeBeers’promotionalefforts.

• DeBeers’roleintoday’sdiamondindustry.

• Theworld’sleadingdiamondsuppliercompaniesbyvalueandvolume.

• Themainsuppliersofroughdiamonds,andtheprimarysourcesofthediamondstheymarket.

• Theindustrycenterswheremostdiamondsaretradedandcut.

• Thelargestdiamondtradingcenterandthelargestcuttingcenter.

• Keycomponentsofthediamondwholesalenetworkandhowtheyfunction.

• Thetypesofservicestradelabsprovide.

• Examplesoftraditionalandalternativediamondretailers.

• WheremostAmericanspurchasediamondjewelry,andwhy.

Final Review



LESSON14:TheMystiqueofDiamonds

There are no Terms to Know for this lesson.

Facts to Know:

• TheGreekwordfromwhich“diamond”comes,anditsmeaning.

• Oldbeliefsbasedondiamond’sopticalandphysicalproperties.

• Otheronce-popularmythsaboutdiamonds.

• Themonthforwhichdiamondistheofficialbirthstone.

• Othertimesforwhichdiamondisabirthstoneorluckygem.

• Weddinganniversariesespeciallylinkedtodiamonds.

• Thecenturyandcoupleassociatedwiththefirstdiamondengagementringrecordedby history.

• Royaltyandcelebritieswhohaveaddedtotheromanceofdiamonds.

• Themoviestarwhoimmortalizedtheline”Diamondsareagirl’sbestfriend.”

Final Review



LESSON15:CareandCleaning

Terms to Know:

diamond cloth

durability

firecoat

hardness

stability

steam cleaner

toughness

ultrasonic cleaner

Facts to Know:

• Thethreepropertiesthatcontributetodiamond’sdurability.

• Agentsandconditionsthatcandamagediamondsorjewelry.

• Proceduresforminimizingtheriskofin-storedamagetodiamonds and jewelry.

• Fourthingstoconsiderinhelpingcustomersselectjewelryfor lasting enjoyment.

• Thetypesofjewelrynormallyexposedtoaccidentalbumpsand scrapes.

• Settingstylesthatprotectdiamonds,andthosethatrequiremore careful wear.

• Howkaratgoldalloysandplatinumrelatetowearability.

• Precautionsforminimizingcleaningproblems.

• Professionalandat-homeoptionsforcleaningdiamondsanddiamond jewelry.

• Conditionstocheckforbeforecleaningcustomers’jewelry.

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