Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions...
Transcript of Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions...
![Page 1: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Final Review
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
1 / 68
![Page 2: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The Test
Final Review
The Test
Conditions
Format
Material
Limits
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
2 / 68
![Page 3: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Conditions
Final Review
The Test
Conditions
Format
Material
Limits
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
3 / 68
■ 1:10 PM Wednesday, May 10, in 1127 Mudd■ Open book, open notes, calculator ok■ 170 minutes (but it will probably run short)
![Page 4: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Format
Final Review
The Test
Conditions
Format
Material
Limits
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
4 / 68
■ Approximately 15-20 questions■ I’m not asking you to write programs■ Three types of questions, more or less like the
midterm’s:
◆ Explanations of certain concepts, abovethe pure memorization level
◆ Carrying out tasks based on thingsdiscussed in class
◆ Design questions (i.e., ones intended tomake you think)
![Page 5: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Material
Final Review
The Test
Conditions
Format
Material
Limits
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
5 / 68
■ If it’s in my slides or I said it in class, you’reresponsible for it
■ There will be some material based more onTanenbaum or other assigned reading; therewon’t be much from Linux internals
■ You’re responsible for the assigned readings atabout the level of class coverage.
■ I’m not going to ask you to memorize thecrazy synchronization algorithms, but if oneshows up you should be prepared to explain it
![Page 6: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Limits
Final Review
The Test
Conditions
Format
Material
Limits
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
6 / 68
■ I can’t quiz you on everything I’ve coveredduring the semester
■ I can’t review 30+ hours of class time today■ I’m to some extent limited by the kinds of
things it’s feasible to ask on an exam
![Page 7: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Memory and Virtual Memory
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
MemoryManagement
Memory Allocation
Virtual Memory
More on VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
7 / 68
![Page 8: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Memory Management
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
MemoryManagement
Memory Allocation
Virtual Memory
More on VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
8 / 68
■ Why is it needed?■ Relocation■ Position-independent code: used for libraries■ Load-time relocation: good for initial load, but
not for realloc■ Hardware assist: base/limit■ Memory protection
![Page 9: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Memory Allocation
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
MemoryManagement
Memory Allocation
Virtual Memory
More on VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
9 / 68
■ Why do we need it?■ Different algorithms: first fit, best fit, worst fit
![Page 10: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Virtual Memory
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
MemoryManagement
Memory Allocation
Virtual Memory
More on VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
10 / 68
■ What it is■ Pages versus page frames■ Page table styles: registers, RAM,
segmentation■ TLBs — why they’re needed, why they work
![Page 11: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
More on Virtual Memory
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
MemoryManagement
Memory Allocation
Virtual Memory
More on VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
11 / 68
■ Process switching■ Fields in a page or segment table entry■ Page faults■ Larger virtual than physical memory
![Page 12: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Paging
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
Page ReplacementAlgorithms
Algorithms andTheir Properties
System Issues
Allocation Policies
Segmentation
Modeling PagingSystems
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
12 / 68
![Page 13: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Page Replacement Algorithms
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
Page ReplacementAlgorithms
Algorithms andTheir Properties
System Issues
Allocation Policies
Segmentation
Modeling PagingSystems
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
13 / 68
■ Basic problem■ Tools: modified bit, referenced bit, clock
interrupts, page faults, advice■ Characteristics of page fault interrupts■ Faking M and R
■ Resetting M and R
■ How to reclaim pages
![Page 14: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Algorithms and Their Properties
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
Page ReplacementAlgorithms
Algorithms andTheir Properties
System Issues
Allocation Policies
Segmentation
Modeling PagingSystems
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
14 / 68
■ NRU■ FIFO■ Second chance FIFO■ Clock■ LRU■ NFU; aging■ Working set; thrashing
![Page 15: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
System Issues
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
Page ReplacementAlgorithms
Algorithms andTheir Properties
System Issues
Allocation Policies
Segmentation
Modeling PagingSystems
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
15 / 68
■ Scheduler interactions■ Anticipatory paging■ Remembering the working set■ Paging disk■ Sharing page tables■ Copy on write■ Locking pages in RAM
![Page 16: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Allocation Policies
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
Page ReplacementAlgorithms
Algorithms andTheir Properties
System Issues
Allocation Policies
Segmentation
Modeling PagingSystems
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
16 / 68
■ Local versus Global policies■ Per-process allocation■ Page fault frequency■ Swapping
![Page 17: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Segmentation
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
Page ReplacementAlgorithms
Algorithms andTheir Properties
System Issues
Allocation Policies
Segmentation
Modeling PagingSystems
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
17 / 68
■ Why use it?■ (Remember that the word is used for two
different concepts)■ Properties
![Page 18: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Modeling Paging Systems
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
Page ReplacementAlgorithms
Algorithms andTheir Properties
System Issues
Allocation Policies
Segmentation
Modeling PagingSystems
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
18 / 68
■ Reference strings■ Simulating paging■ Stack algorithms■ Distance strings and page fault rates
![Page 19: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
File Systems
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
File Systems
Allocation
Metadata
Crash Recovery
Unix File System
I-Nodes
File Operations
Implementing FileSystems
Windows FAT FileSystem
Dump/Restore
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
19 / 68
![Page 20: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
File Systems
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
File Systems
Allocation
Metadata
Crash Recovery
Unix File System
I-Nodes
File Operations
Implementing FileSystems
Windows FAT FileSystem
Dump/Restore
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
20 / 68
■ Types of file systems■ Major design decisions■ Names, hierarchy, extensions, access control,
media, versioning, record/block/byte■ Effect of hardware issues
![Page 21: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Allocation
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
File Systems
Allocation
Metadata
Crash Recovery
Unix File System
I-Nodes
File Operations
Implementing FileSystems
Windows FAT FileSystem
Dump/Restore
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
21 / 68
■ Storage units and types – blocks, tracks, etc.■ Tracking allocated areas
![Page 22: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Metadata
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
File Systems
Allocation
Metadata
Crash Recovery
Unix File System
I-Nodes
File Operations
Implementing FileSystems
Windows FAT FileSystem
Dump/Restore
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
22 / 68
■ Many types■ Where to store it
![Page 23: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Crash Recovery
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
File Systems
Allocation
Metadata
Crash Recovery
Unix File System
I-Nodes
File Operations
Implementing FileSystems
Windows FAT FileSystem
Dump/Restore
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
23 / 68
■ Consistency■ Repairing damage■ Log-structured file systems■ Effect of hardware buffering
![Page 24: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Unix File System
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
File Systems
Allocation
Metadata
Crash Recovery
Unix File System
I-Nodes
File Operations
Implementing FileSystems
Windows FAT FileSystem
Dump/Restore
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
24 / 68
■ Process: working directory and root directory■ Directories, ., and .., and i-nodes■ Finding a file
![Page 25: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
I-Nodes
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
File Systems
Allocation
Metadata
Crash Recovery
Unix File System
I-Nodes
File Operations
Implementing FileSystems
Windows FAT FileSystem
Dump/Restore
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
25 / 68
■ What’s in it?■ Disk blocks and indirect blocks
![Page 26: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
File Operations
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
File Systems
Allocation
Metadata
Crash Recovery
Unix File System
I-Nodes
File Operations
Implementing FileSystems
Windows FAT FileSystem
Dump/Restore
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
26 / 68
■ Opening and closing a file■ Reading, writing, seeking■ Linking and unlinking■ Updating metadata■ Directory operations
![Page 27: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Implementing File Systems
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
File Systems
Allocation
Metadata
Crash Recovery
Unix File System
I-Nodes
File Operations
Implementing FileSystems
Windows FAT FileSystem
Dump/Restore
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
27 / 68
■ Parts of a file system■ Superblock, i-list, free list
![Page 28: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Windows FAT File System
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
File Systems
Allocation
Metadata
Crash Recovery
Unix File System
I-Nodes
File Operations
Implementing FileSystems
Windows FAT FileSystem
Dump/Restore
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
28 / 68
■ Metadata and directories■ Freelist implementation■ Long name support
![Page 29: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Dump/Restore
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
File Systems
Allocation
Metadata
Crash Recovery
Unix File System
I-Nodes
File Operations
Implementing FileSystems
Windows FAT FileSystem
Dump/Restore
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
29 / 68
■ Level 0, 1, etc., dumps■ Dump strategies■ Using the file system versus the physical disk
![Page 30: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Permissions
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
File Permissions
Access Control Lists
MAC versus DACOther Forms ofAccess Control
VFS
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
30 / 68
![Page 31: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
File Permissions
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
File Permissions
Access Control Lists
MAC versus DACOther Forms ofAccess Control
VFS
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
31 / 68
■ Classic Unix permissions■ Unix permission-checking algorithm■ “Execute” versus “read”■ Directory permissions■ Deleting files■ Setting permissions; initial permissions
![Page 32: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Access Control Lists
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
File Permissions
Access Control Lists
MAC versus DACOther Forms ofAccess Control
VFS
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
32 / 68
■ Flexibility■ Order■ Types of permissions
![Page 33: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
MAC versus DAC
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
File Permissions
Access Control Lists
MAC versus DACOther Forms ofAccess Control
VFS
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
33 / 68
■ Who sets permissions?■ Do superusers exist or not?
![Page 34: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Other Forms of Access Control
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
File Permissions
Access Control Lists
MAC versus DACOther Forms ofAccess Control
VFS
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
34 / 68
■ Temporal■ Access control matrices■ Safety versus security
![Page 35: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
VFS
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
File Permissions
Access Control Lists
MAC versus DACOther Forms ofAccess Control
VFS
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
35 / 68
■ Why a VFS?■ Emulating actions
![Page 36: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Device Drivers and I/O
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
I/O
Unix Devices
Disk Scheduling
Graphics
Network Devices
Physical I/O
DMA Issues
Error Handling
RAID
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
36 / 68
![Page 37: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
I/O
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
I/O
Unix Devices
Disk Scheduling
Graphics
Network Devices
Physical I/O
DMA Issues
Error Handling
RAID
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
37 / 68
■ I/O models■ Device independence■ The Unix versus the Windows model■ Network devices
![Page 38: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Unix Devices
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
I/O
Unix Devices
Disk Scheduling
Graphics
Network Devices
Physical I/O
DMA Issues
Error Handling
RAID
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
38 / 68
■ I/O device names in the file system■ Major and minor device numbers■ Standardized interface■ ioctl
![Page 39: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Disk Scheduling
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
I/O
Unix Devices
Disk Scheduling
Graphics
Network Devices
Physical I/O
DMA Issues
Error Handling
RAID
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
39 / 68
■ Seeks, rotational delay■ Demands: fairness, efficiency, promptness■ Elevator algorithm; order of operations
![Page 40: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Graphics
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
I/O
Unix Devices
Disk Scheduling
Graphics
Network Devices
Physical I/O
DMA Issues
Error Handling
RAID
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
40 / 68
■ Simple model■ The need for speed■ Programming interface
![Page 41: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Network Devices
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
I/O
Unix Devices
Disk Scheduling
Graphics
Network Devices
Physical I/O
DMA Issues
Error Handling
RAID
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
41 / 68
■ Why they’re different■ Mux/demux■ Device-dependent issues: framing, address
mapping
![Page 42: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Physical I/O
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
I/O
Unix Devices
Disk Scheduling
Graphics
Network Devices
Physical I/O
DMA Issues
Error Handling
RAID
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
42 / 68
■ Device quirks■ Interrupt loads and FIFOs■ Programmed I/O versus DMA■ Direct I/O
![Page 43: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
DMA Issues
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
I/O
Unix Devices
Disk Scheduling
Graphics
Network Devices
Physical I/O
DMA Issues
Error Handling
RAID
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
43 / 68
■ Cache, VM, address space size■ Mapping virtual to physical addresses; where
it’s done■ Scatter/gather I/O
![Page 44: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Error Handling
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
I/O
Unix Devices
Disk Scheduling
Graphics
Network Devices
Physical I/O
DMA Issues
Error Handling
RAID
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
44 / 68
■ Device-specific■ Testing
![Page 45: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
RAID
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
I/O
Unix Devices
Disk Scheduling
Graphics
Network Devices
Physical I/O
DMA Issues
Error Handling
RAID
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
45 / 68
■ What it is■ Types of RAID
![Page 46: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
User-Level Issues
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
User versus Kernel
Daemons
Other Commands
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
46 / 68
![Page 47: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
User versus Kernel
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
User versus Kernel
Daemons
Other Commands
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
47 / 68
■ What goes where?■ Criteria■ Interfaces
![Page 48: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Daemons
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
User versus Kernel
Daemons
Other Commands
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
48 / 68
■ Why?■ Examples: lpr, NFS■ Communications■ Security
![Page 49: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Other Commands
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
User versus Kernel
Daemons
Other Commands
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
49 / 68
■ Login■ X■ Shells■ /sbin/init■ Run levels
![Page 50: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Security
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
OS Security
Authentication
Attack Techniques
Evaluation
Logging
Networking andDistributed OS
50 / 68
![Page 51: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
OS Security
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
OS Security
Authentication
Attack Techniques
Evaluation
Logging
Networking andDistributed OS
51 / 68
■ What is OS security?■ Confidentiality, integrity, availability
![Page 52: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Authentication
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
OS Security
Authentication
Attack Techniques
Evaluation
Logging
Networking andDistributed OS
52 / 68
■ Something you know, have, are■ Storing passwords■ Challenge/response■ Tokens■ Biometrics
![Page 53: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Attack Techniques
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
OS Security
Authentication
Attack Techniques
Evaluation
Logging
Networking andDistributed OS
53 / 68
■ Trojan horses; spoofing; bugs■ Sandboxes■ Race conditions■ Trusted path■ Viruses and worms
![Page 54: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Evaluation
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
OS Security
Authentication
Attack Techniques
Evaluation
Logging
Networking andDistributed OS
54 / 68
■ The Orange Book■ Multi-level security■ Common Criteria■ Features versus assurance■ Protection profiles
![Page 55: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Logging
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
OS Security
Authentication
Attack Techniques
Evaluation
Logging
Networking andDistributed OS
55 / 68
■ Why log?■ What to log?
![Page 56: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Networking and Distributed OS
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OSTypes of DistributedOS
Network I/O
RPC
Network Issues
Security
Distributed FileSystems
Components
Layers
Sockets
Applications
Service Applications
Global Grid56 / 68
![Page 57: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Types of Distributed OS
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OSTypes of DistributedOS
Network I/O
RPC
Network Issues
Security
Distributed FileSystems
Components
Layers
Sockets
Applications
Service Applications
Global Grid57 / 68
■ Multiprocessor, multicomputer, distributed OS■ Memory architectures and speeds■ Latency■ Communications challenges■ Distributed shared memory
![Page 58: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Network I/O
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OSTypes of DistributedOS
Network I/O
RPC
Network Issues
Security
Distributed FileSystems
Components
Layers
Sockets
Applications
Service Applications
Global Grid58 / 68
■ Data copies■ Direct I/O■ Ring buffers
![Page 59: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
RPC
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OSTypes of DistributedOS
Network I/O
RPC
Network Issues
Security
Distributed FileSystems
Components
Layers
Sockets
Applications
Service Applications
Global Grid59 / 68
■ What is it?■ Stub procedures■ Marshaling■ The problem of pointers
![Page 60: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Network Issues
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OSTypes of DistributedOS
Network I/O
RPC
Network Issues
Security
Distributed FileSystems
Components
Layers
Sockets
Applications
Service Applications
Global Grid60 / 68
■ Latency■ Reliability, or the lack thereof■ Locking■ Bandwidth
![Page 61: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Security
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OSTypes of DistributedOS
Network I/O
RPC
Network Issues
Security
Distributed FileSystems
Components
Layers
Sockets
Applications
Service Applications
Global Grid61 / 68
■ Identifying and trusting users■ Cryptography■ Capabilities
![Page 62: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Distributed File Systems
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OSTypes of DistributedOS
Network I/O
RPC
Network Issues
Security
Distributed FileSystems
Components
Layers
Sockets
Applications
Service Applications
Global Grid62 / 68
■ Naming■ Performance■ Consistency■ Security
![Page 63: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Components
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OSTypes of DistributedOS
Network I/O
RPC
Network Issues
Security
Distributed FileSystems
Components
Layers
Sockets
Applications
Service Applications
Global Grid63 / 68
■ Devices■ The stack■ Applications
![Page 64: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Layers
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OSTypes of DistributedOS
Network I/O
RPC
Network Issues
Security
Distributed FileSystems
Components
Layers
Sockets
Applications
Service Applications
Global Grid64 / 68
■ (Roughly) their properties■ Interfaces
![Page 65: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Sockets
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OSTypes of DistributedOS
Network I/O
RPC
Network Issues
Security
Distributed FileSystems
Components
Layers
Sockets
Applications
Service Applications
Global Grid65 / 68
■ Network connections aren’t files■ Special operations
![Page 66: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Applications
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OSTypes of DistributedOS
Network I/O
RPC
Network Issues
Security
Distributed FileSystems
Components
Layers
Sockets
Applications
Service Applications
Global Grid66 / 68
■ Service■ Servers■ Clients■ Peer-to-peer
![Page 67: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Service Applications
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OSTypes of DistributedOS
Network I/O
RPC
Network Issues
Security
Distributed FileSystems
Components
Layers
Sockets
Applications
Service Applications
Global Grid67 / 68
■ Routing■ Port mapper
![Page 68: Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions Format Material Limits Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042621/5f7327b14a76c00cb92de691/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Global Grid
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OSTypes of DistributedOS
Network I/O
RPC
Network Issues
Security
Distributed FileSystems
Components
Layers
Sockets
Applications
Service Applications
Global Grid68 / 68
■ What it is■ Security■ Scheduling■ Sandboxing■ Why it’s like an OS