Final Report UTF NEP 061 NEP B - coin.fao.org

Emergency Operations and Rehabilitation Division

NEPAL

KanchanpurKailaliKathmanduLalitpurKapilbastuRupendehiNawalparasiBanke SunsariMorang IlamJhapa

Migratory birds/ lake areaHigh risk districts

“Provision of technical assistance to the Avian Influenza Control Project

”

UTF/NEP/061/NEP/B

June 2008 – July 2011

FINAL REPORT

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

Technical assistance to Avian Influenza Control Project, Nepal, (UTF/NEP/061/NEP/B) Final Report

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Table of Contents

Abbreviations and acronyms.................................................................................................. 2

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................................... 4

1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 6

1.1 Project background ...................................................................................................... 6

1.2 Financial contribution of the Donor ............................................................................ 7

1.3 Project objectives ........................................................................................................ 7

1.4 Planned beneficiaries................................................................................................... 8

2. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION ...................................................................................... 9

2.1 Implementation arrangements ..................................................................................... 9

2.2 Main project activities ................................................................................................. 9

2.2.1 Procurement of equipment and supplies .............................................................. 9

2.2.2 Technical assistance ........................................................................................... 10

2.2.3 Management of the emergency response fund ................................................... 22

2.3 Actual beneficiaries ................................................................................................... 23

2.4 Training ..................................................................................................................... 24

2.4.1. Training and study tours conducted outside Nepal ................................................ 25

2.4.1 In-country training: ............................................................................................ 28

2.5 Difficulties encountered during implementation....................................................... 32

3. PROJECT IMPACT......................................................................................................... 33

3.1 Institutional Development Impact ............................................................................. 33

3.2 Impact evaluation ...................................................................................................... 35

4. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .......................................................... 39

4.1. Conclusions ................................................................................................................... 39

4.2. Recommendations ......................................................................................................... 40

Annex 1 .................................................................................................................................... 43


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Abbreviations and acronyms

AAHL Australian Animal Health Laboratory

AGAH Animal Health Service (FAO)

AI Avian influenza

AICP Avian Influenza Control Project

AIV Avian Influenza Virus

APBA Asia-Pacific Biosafety Association

BFMC Bird Flu Monitoring Cell

BSL3 Biosafety Level 3 (a laboratory biosecurity standard)

CMC Crisis Management Centre

CTA Chief Technical Adviser

CVL Central Veterinary Laboratory

DAH Directorate of Animal Health

DG Director General

DLD Department of Livestock Development (of Thailand)

DLS Department of Livestock Services

DSS Department of Safety and Security

ECTAD Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases

EDIT Emergency Disease Investigation Team

ELISA Enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

FAOR Country Representative of FAO FLI Friedrich Löffler Institute

FMD Foot-and-Mouth Disease GADVSU Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University

GIS Geographical information systems

GON Government of Nepal

HA Haemagglutination

HI Haemagglutination inhibition

HPAI Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza

HQ Headquarters

IDA International Development Association (World Bank)

MOAC Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives

NAHIPPP National Animal and Human Influenza Pandemic Preparedness Plan

NAL National Avian Laboratory

NAQS Northern Australia Quarantine Service

NC National consultant ND Newcastle Disease

NGO Non-governmental organization

NP Nuclear protein

OIE World Animal Health Organisation

PCR Polymerase chain reaction

PDR People’s Democratic Republic (Lao)

PPE Personal protection equipment

RAP Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific (FAO)

RNA Ribose nucleic acid

RRT Rapid Response Team

RT-PCR Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction

RVL Regional Veterinary Laboratory

SOP Standard Operating Procedure


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STOP-AI Stamping Out Pandemic and Avian Influenza

TAD Transboundary animal disease

TADinfo Transboundary Animal Diseases Information System

TCEO Emergency Operations Service (FAO)

TOR Terms of Reference

TOT Training-of-trainers

TSCAI Technical Subcommittee for Avian Influenza

UN United Nations

UNICEF UnitedNations Children’s Fund

USA United States of America

USAID United States Agency for International Development

VEC Veterinary Epidemiology Centre

VRI Veterinary Research Institute

WHO World Health Organization


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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

With the arrival of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) in South Asia in 2006, the

threat to Nepal significantly increased, as the country shares a long and porous border with

India.

In early 2006, the Government of Nepal (GON) endorsed a joint human and animal health

plan: the National Avian and Human Influenza and Pandemic Preparedness Plan (NAHIPPP),

which provided a strategic framework to prepare for and respond to this threat. The

Government requested the support of the World Bank (IDA) to finance the Avian Influenza

Control Project (AICP) with an operational plan formed around the NAHIPPP, which would

be implemented over a four-year period, between 27 March 2007 and 31 July 2011.

GON also requested the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) to

assist in the implementation of the animal health component of the AICP, with FAO

providing technical assistance and equipment provision, under an Agreement which was

effective from August 2008 to July 2011.

FAO technical assistance focused on the following subsectors of the AICP programme:

· Design and monitoring of the construction of a Biosafety Level 3 laboratory (BSL3)

· Surveillance and epidemiological investigation

· Strengthening of animal quarantine services

· Strengthening of the capacity of veterinary laboratory work

· Strengthening of veterinary field services

· Project management

The design for the BSL3 laboratory was produced, but this element of the AICP programme

was abandoned upon recommendation of the World Bank midterm review. As a result, the

project concentrated on enhancing biosafety and technical capacity at the Central Veterinary

Laboratory (CVL) and also regional laboratories. This was facilitated through an extensive

programme of technical assistance inputs, capacity building and specialized equipment

provision. The CVL is now fully capable of a wide and detailed range of HPAI diagnostic

techniques, including molecular virology and virus sequencing.

The capacity of the veterinary epidemiological centre has been expanded through the

introduction of tools that facilitate animal disease data management (TADinfo) and

visualizing data through mapping (Geographical Information Systems [GIS]) combined with

information technology (IT) hardware and software provision. Risk analysis has been

conducted and active surveillance for HPAI developed through a targeted disease searching

process. Communication has been supported through technical assistance leading to


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improved awareness of HPAI among poultry keepers with the aim of improving passive

surveillance through reporting of disease by owners.

The project’s approach to the cross-border ingress of disease has been to introduce concepts that move away from the traditional ‘line in the sand’ physical border controls towards a

more modern risk-based and epidemiologically sound methodology that accepts the realities

of the porous border with India. These tactics have been strengthened by the exposure of

relevant personnel to operational strategies in other countries of the region.

The project management and the team of international and national consultants have operated

under a FAO influenza programme umbrella to take advantage of synergies and avoid

duplication between the two donor-funded projects implemented jointly by the Department of

Livestock Services (DLS) and FAO. The project management has maintained information

flow with the AICP core management team and built on the excellent working relations with

the technical units of the Directorate of Animal Health . Communication between the national

Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases programme and subregional cross-

border project, and latterly the European Union (EU)-Highly Pathogenic and Emerging

Diseases (HPED) project, has been beneficial.

While it has not been possible to prevent the entry of HPAI into Nepal, the preparedness and

technical capacity resulting from project interventions has enabled the animal health

authorities to swiftly detect, confirm and contain outbreaks. The methodologies employed are

readily applicable to the control of other emerging animal diseases. The multi-disciplinary

approach employed to combat HPAI has advanced the concept of a One Health approach

within DLS, which will be fruitful in addressing future emerging pandemic threats.

Poultry production in Nepal continues to expand and small- and medium-sized production

units have an important role in alleviating poverty and enhancing livelihoods of the rural

population. To be successful, this movement will demand not only guidance and support in

areas of husbandry, such as housing, nutrition and marketing, but importantly in reducing

losses from the disease.

Challenges remain, and the tools for data gathering on the epidemiology of HPAI viruses

remain to be honed, so that the true position related to the different H5N1 clades and other

potentially pathogenic subtypes of the virus can be ascertained and strategies to contain them

developed.


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1. INTRODUCTION1.1 Project background

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI), caused by the influenza virus H5N1, spread

rapidly through the countries of Southeast Asia during 2003–2004 and resulted in the loss of

millions of domestic poultry. In addition to the economic costs resulting from lost production,

the rising number of human cases, in which the disease had proved to be highly fatal, raised

the spectre of a possible human pandemic. While it appeared that human cases were a result

of the spread of the virus from infected birds, the possibility of mutation or reassortment of

viral genetic material, leading to human-to-human transmission, was not lost on the scientific

community. International agencies, among which the Food and Agriculture Organization of

the United Nations (FAO), the World Health Organization (WHO) and the World Animal

Health Organisation (OIE) were paramount, had come together to formulate a global strategy

to combat HPAI, within which confronting the disease at its source (i.e. in the poultry sector

itself) was the key aspect.

Infected migratory birds were implicated in the long-distance spread of HPAI although

trading practices associated with poor biosecurity precautions were felt to be the major

mechanisms of cross-border spread.

With the arrival of the disease in South Asia in 2006, the threat to Nepal significantly

increased, as the country shares a long and porous border with India. Poultry, mainly native

chickens, are universally raised in small backyard flocks by households throughout Nepal and

contribute to household cash income and nutrition. The commercial sector has grown

significantly in recent years and contributes some 3-4 percent of GDP. The major production

area for commercial birds is in the central region, close to the Indian border, while there are

significant pockets of production in and around the major urban centres.

In early 2006, GON endorsed a joint human and animal health plan: the National Avian and

Human Influenza and Pandemic Preparedness Plan (NAHIPPP), which provided a strategic

framework to prepare for and respond to this threat. The objective was to prepare the human

health and animal health sectors to prevent and contain avian influenza (AI) in poultry and

humans. The Government requested the support of the World Bank (IDA) to finance the

Avian Influenza Control Project (AICP) with an operational plan formed around the

NAHIPPP, which was implemented over a four-year period, between 27 March 2007 and 31

July 2011.

GON requested from FAO to assist in the implementation of the animal health component,

and an Agreement was signed between the Department of Livestock Services (DLS) of the

Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives (MOAC) and the FAO, on 25 February 2008 for

the provision of consultant services over a period of 36 months.


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Nepal remained free of HPAI until January 2009, when the disease was raging in the

neighbouring Indian state of West Bengal. Notwithstanding the efforts made by the

authorities to deter cross-border poultry movement, a number of outbreaks were detected in

backyard flocks in Jhapa district in the extreme southeast of Nepal. Fortunately, no human

cases were recorded, but there was an immediate and severe market shock, which rebounded

on commercial and backyard producers alike, and the continued development of the poultry

sector was put under threat. The effects reverberated through hatcheries, broiler and egg

producers, feed suppliers, market traders and credit agencies. Consumers avoided poultry

products, but found the costs of alternative meats had risen. The livelihoods of the estimated

65 000 people employed in the sector were put at risk. Backyard producers found their source

of cash income had dried up.

Having developed and honed the preparedness for such outbreaks, GON was able to respond

robustly and rapidly to the appearance of the disease. The outbreaks in Jhapa were quickly

brought under control and eliminated before the disease could spread to other parts of the

country. However, in January of 2010, the disease reappeared in Pokhara in Kaski district in

the western development region and rapidly spread to affect eight districts in central and

western Nepal.

1.2 Financial contribution of the Donor

The Agreement between DLS and FAO established a ceiling of USD 2 392 743 for FAO

expenditure under the project.

1.3 Project objectives

The specific objectives assigned to FAO were formulated in three distinct areas, namely:

· procurement of general materials and supplies

· technical support

· management of a rapid response fund

A number of the inputs were linked to the development of a Biosafety Level 3 laboratory

(BSL3), which was judged to be necessary for working with HPAI viruses. It was anticipated

that the BSL3 laboratory would be completed and equipped (within the first 18 months of the

implementation period) with training inputs, provided by the laboratory management, a

technology specialist and a molecular virologist.

In the same way, the procurement of equipment and other materials was directed primarily

towards laboratory equipment, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) equipment for

rapid diagnosis of HPAI, having in view the need to fully equip the new laboratory facility.

The limited provision of laboratory equipment through the FAO contract was intended to

supplement the wider procurement managed through the main AICP budget.


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The provision of technical support by FAO was envisaged to be accomplished through two

basic mechanisms:

§ Firstly, technical support services were to be provided by the professional staff of FAO,

which would address such areas as backstopping for the database management and

analysis systems (Transboundary Animal Diseases Information System [TADinfo]).

Secondly, technical assistance would be provided through the fielding of international and

national consultants under the leadership of a chief technical advisor as detailed in the

project agreement. The expertise made available in this way would contribute the

principal technical guidance to the AICP and DLS.

§ It was recognized that the speed of response to an outbreak of HPAI would be critical to

the effectiveness of control and containment, and having in mind the need to circumvent

bureaucratic holdups in such circumstances, a fund of USD 40 000 was placed under the

management of the FAO team leader in order to be able to furnish immediate logistical

support to DLS in the event of an outbreak occurring.

1.4 Planned beneficiaries

The immediate beneficiary of the assistance provided through this Agreement was DLS,

which is greatly strengthened in its capacity to implement and deliver the tasks allocated to it

under the Government’s Agreement with the World Bank through an enhanced ability to

prevent, detect, diagnose and respond to HPAI. The inputs provided through the project were

envisioned to have benefits not limited to HPAI itself. For example, the skills acquired

through training, together with the infrastructure developed, would also have relevance to the

prevention and control of other exotic and transboundary animal diseases (TADs).

The ultimate beneficiaries of the strengthened Government services were intended to be

poultry keepers and producers, whose livelihoods will be safeguarded from the losses

associated with this economically devastating disease. While HPAI is only one of many

diseases that may impinge on the profitability of the poultry sector, its occurrence, combined

with the measures taken to limit disease spread, have had a significant negative impact on

poultry keepers of any scale, whether backyard or commercial.

Indirect beneficiaries included the general public, and in particular, the buyers and consumers

of poultry products safeguarded from the dangers of this zoonotic and often fatal disease, and

the commercial poultry sector in general, which can be affected by market shock when this

feared disease occurs.


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2. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION

FAO has implemented the project in close collaboration with the Nepal MOAC. The

decentralized Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD) in Bangkok

with technical backstopping from FAO’s Animal Health Service (AGAH) and the operational

responsibility of the Emergency Operations Service (TCES) ensured the project’s successful

implementation.

At the country level, the project’s management was provided through the FAO representation

and the counterpart Government MOAC. A FAO Chief Technical Advisor (CTA) provided

technical supervision on project activities, while the FAO Representation in Nepal provided

overall supervision of the management of the project and undertook procurement, contracts,

recruitment and financial administration, with support from the Regional Office for Asia and

the Pacific (RAP) and FAO headquarters.

2.1 Implementation arrangements FAO’s technical assistance team

, headed by the CTA, operated from facilities in DLS and

maintained close contact and collaboration with the authorities responsible for coordinating

preparedness and response nationally, including the core coordination team of the AICP. All

animal health AI-related activities in Nepal were coordinated by the Director-General (DG)

of the DLS. A Technical Subcommittee for Avian Influenza (TSCAI) coordinated the

activities of the Nepal Government ministries involved in HPAI prevention and control,

including the Ministries of Health, Local Development, Home and MOAC, and those of

international agencies and international non-governmental organizations (NGOs), such as the United Nations Children’s Fund(UNICEF), WHO, Stamping Out Pandemic and Avian

Influenza (STOP AI) initiative.

2.2 Main Project activities 2.2.1 Procurement of equipment and supplies

Equipment provision has been predominantly directed for support to the veterinary diagnostic

laboratories, and in particular, to the specialized needs of HPAI diagnosis and to a lesser

extent the diagnosis of common poultry diseases, which may cause confusion with HPAI.

Equipment provision to the Veterinary Epidemiology Centre (VEC) focused on enabling

implementation of TADinfo systems and geographic information system (GIS) technology.

Funds have also been committed for the setting up and operation of the Project Management

Unit, which is jointly shared with the FAO/GON AI project, funded through the United States

Agency for International Development (USAID).


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Equipment acquisition strictly followed the procedures laid down by FAO and was managed

through the FAO office in Kathmandu, with the support of the operations unit of the

subregional ECTAD in Nepal. A comprehensive list of items procured is provided in Annex 1.

2.2.2 Technical assistance Output 1: Technical assistancef orBSL3 laboratory construction

Activity 1.1. Recruitment of an international consultant for designing and monitoring BSL3

laboratory construction

Result: Considering the complexity of the Terms of Reference (TORs), FAO recruited a

consultancy company, FIOTEC, rather than an individual consultant, to meet this objective.

FIOTEC had also been engaged by FAO for a similar contract in Lao People’s DemocraticRepublic (PDR) and had also been brought to Nepal prior to the commencement of this

project under arrangements made through a regional FAO/GON project funded by USAID.

Because of the company's commitments in Lao PDR, the first mission through the project

under report was not possible before November 2008. During this mission, the company’s

experts conducted a needs assessment and were able to agree on an outline proposal for the

construction with DLS. A second mission in June 2009 served to evaluate the capabilities of

local construction companies and to obtain information on local costs in order to finalize the

technical documents. The full technical documents required to proceed to tender were

presented to DLS/AICP in September 2009. However, a World Bank mission to the AICP in

mid 2009 had concluded that the cost benefit of this calibre of laboratory was not sufficiently

clear-cut as to justify proceeding with the tender. The mission also presented concerns over

the challenges in sustaining the proposed units (both human health and animal health BSL3

laboratories) in the light of the power supply constraints in Nepal, as well as the costs of

materials and diagnostic necessities for this technology. Thus, the construction could not

proceed as planned. However, the Government remains committed to such development in

the near future, and the technical documentation provided through FAO’s input

will provide a

sound basis upon which to build.

Activity 1.2 Recruitment of a national biocontainment engineer to oversee the construction

phase

Result: The engineer was recruited, but as the construction phase did not go ahead as initially

planned, the incumbent was engaged to produce technical drawings for a new post-mortem

facility at CVL and to oversee the construction of this structure. Additionally, the engineer

contributed to other areas of FAO’s

AI programme including the production of necessary

drawings for proposed live bird market (LBM) stalls in Kathmandu, a programme being

implemented through the USAID-funded AI project in collaboration with the Kathmandu

Metropolitan City Office.


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Output2: Surveillance and epidemiological investigation

Activity 2.1.: Recruitment of an international expert on epidemiology and surveillance

Result: The planned input of two person months was completed , and the expert provided his

report and recommendations to the Government directed at key aspects of this complex

subject area. Epidemiology in general, and of HPAI in particular, has been given inadequate

attention in Nepal; and VEC, established during a previous project directed at Rinderpest,

was inadequately staffed and supported . Consequently, VEC is not fulfilling its role of

designing, monitoring and reporting on HPAI surveillance, with these actions being

undertaken by a separate DAH Unit called a Bird Flu Monitoring Cell (BFMC). In addition,

the results of laboratory tests on HPAI suspects conducted by CVL do not readily find their

way to VEC for collation.

In his comprehensive report, the expert recommended:

§ bringing BFMC under the VEC

§ improving awareness and motivation of field staff and poultry keepers

§ engaging lay vaccinators to improve protection against Newcastle disease, which was

often confused with HPAI.

§ accepting that northern India and southern Nepal formed one epidemiological zone

and coordinating disease control measures on both sides of the border.

Activity 2.2.: Recruitment of an international TADinfo expert

Result: Following the advice of FAO’s animal health officer responsible for TAD

info and

with the written concurrence of the DG-DLS, the actual input required for this post was

reduced from two months to one month, and this input was met through four backstopping

missions of the FAO headquarters expert.

TADinfo is a software package designed to provide data management and decision support to

national veterinary epidemiology units, combining the power of a relational database with a

mapping system. Having been designed with flexibility, adaptability and extensibility in

mind, its adoption by DAH for disease data collection and analysis was included in the

project document. However, the adoption of this programme has been slow, as it has never

been placed within the annual work programmes of the Department and has thus depended

much upon the enthusiasm and willingness of individual officers within VEC and DAH. A

further delay in the progress has been the transfer of trained staff to other locations.

Notwithstanding these negative influences, the FAO expert, having reviewed and agreed on

the DAH requirements during her initial mission, was able to install and set up the TADinfo

main computer in the VEC, where monthly reports are gathered, and to give hands-on

training to three key VEC officers and a number of DAH officers. It was proposed that VEC


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would start using TADinfo for selected diseases, while the existing access database would

continue to be used for other diseases. Some modifications to the data reporting format were

proposed together with the incorporation of flash reports (going to DLS) and of sample

submission forms (from CVL).

During the third mission, the expert further upgraded the TADinfo-Nepal software to v3.011

and provided training to an officer new to VEC who was to take principal responsibility for

the programme. At this time, he also received training on data entry and database

management. Recommendations from the expert included: entering data on HPAI for 2009,

entering data for PPR and performing spatial distribution analysis, and also moving forward

with the plan to train staff in one or more other locations.

The fourth and final mission covered a review of the progress made at VEC and visits to two

regional nodes where officers had been trained by the VEC staff to assist them in overcoming

problems encountered, such as importing data and charts from MS Excel. While the project

had supported the upgrading and provision of more appropriate desktop computers and

accessories to the VEC in Kathmandu, it was found that the computer systems in place in the

regional nodes were barely able to handle the TADinfo software demands. As the project’s

ability to procure more IT hardware had been exhausted, a request was made to acquire three

computers from the EU Food Facility project upon its closure in July 2011.

Activity 2.3.: Recruitment of an international GIS expert

Result: By agreement with the DG-DLS, the input for this post was reduced to one month.

The mission took place in May/June 2009 and provided:

· basic and advanced training on GIS to relevant government officers

· development of a GIS manual

· comprehensive data sets for all 75 districts.

Recommendations to the Government included:

· collection of data on poultry farms – location and attributes

· use of TADinfo and linking to GIS software

· cross-border cooperation on outbreaks in neighbouring territories

· mapping of internal trade routes.

Following expert recommendations, the project provided GIS software, global positioning

system (GPS) hand units and a colour printer for maps.


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Activity 2.4.: Technical backstopping

Result: This activity was combined with activity 2.2 above.

Activity 2.5. In-country training on TADinfo

Result: This was provided under activity 2.2 above.

Activity 2.6.: Develop a vaccine bank

Result: During a project review in 2009, it was concluded that vaccine use in Nepal during

the period of project implementation was unlikely to be required and the allocated funds

could be redirected during budget revision. This was in line with scientific thought at that time and was unquestionably the correct path in the light of the country’s experience ofHPAI, which was limited to an apparently sporadic outbreak with limited extension in Jhapa

during early 2009. The policy on vaccine use should be kept under review in the light of more

recent developments, both in improvements to vaccines available and to the probable

establishment of H5N1 virus in at least some parts of the country, including the major

commercial production area of Chitwan. Outbreaks of HPAI in commercial units may put

more pressure on vaccine use in the commercial sector. Presently, there is no justification for

changing the existing policy. Furthermore, the practicalities of carrying out an effective

vaccination programme for backyard and small-scale commercial producers makes this a

non-starter for DLS at this time and is additionally challenged by the presence of viruses of

different clades such that any vaccination programme would need to be preceded by

appropriate field tests.

Activity 2.7.: Procurement of personal protective equipment (PPE) sets

Result: During the project review, it was decided that as the arrangements for the supply of

PPE to DLS were adequate, the allocated funds could be redirected during budget revision.

Activity 2.8.: Procurement of transport containers

Result: Thirty International Airtransport Association (IATA)-approved sample dispatch

boxes were supplied to CVL in October 2009.


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Output 3: Strengthening of animal quarantine services

Activity 3.1. Recruitment of an international quarantine expert

Result: An international animal quarantine expert completed the planned two-month

assignment during February and March 2010. His report and recommendations were provided

to the DG-DLS and project coordinator, AICP. The expert recommendations included:

· expand the scope of quarantine beyond the physical border to embrace pre-border,

border and post-border activities

· develop check post roles to include internal check points, mobile check points,

inspection of LBMs and surveillance activities

· encourage cross-border collaboration

· public awareness strengthening

· address weaknesses in the current acts and regulations

It should be noted that the quarantine office is concerned with the control of animal

importation and that in Nepal there are no quarantine stations within the strict meaning of the

word. The inclusion of this output in the project document reflected a belief within the DLS

that TADs may be denied access through the activities of manned border posts. In the view of

CTA and supported by the conclusions of the relevant short-term experts conducting missions

through this project, this is a flawed concept. The 885-km land border with India is largely

open and unpatrolled. The 21 border quarantine check posts were established to secure the

border from the entry of Rinderpest during earlier efforts to limit the spread of that disease

from India to Nepal. While buffalo and cattle are not easily concealed and cannot themselves

move across the border, Rinderpest nevertheless entered Nepal from India. With poultry, the

possibility of control is even more remote. Even at the controlled crossing points, day-old

chicks and hatching eggs are easily concealed, and small shipments of live birds succeed in

crossing when the check posts are closed or unmanned, or because the check posts are not

well located. Elsewhere along the open border, unlimited quantities may be transited. There is

a demand for poultry and poultry products in Nepal that cannot be met from national

production, and a price differential, maintained in part by legislation prohibiting direct cross-

border poultry trade, a well organized trade that has been in existence for decades and which

employs a significant number of individuals. The controls were upgraded at the end of 2008,

and awareness campaigns directed at border agencies and the general public were similarly

intensified in Jhapa district, but to no avail and the disease entered Jhapa district on at least

two occasions. Cases of intimidation and threats to the Department’s quarantine check post

staff are also recorded and provide further evidence of the ineffectiveness of the measures

adopted.

FAO’s technical assistance experts have called into question the argument for maintainingthe

pretence of border controls under a situation where most animal diseases are common on both


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sides of the border. This may now also be the case with HPAI following the extensive

epidemic of 2010 and the probable survival of the virus in domestic duck populations. The

apparent re-appearance of an almost identical virus in one of the previously affected districts

at the end of 2010 would support this hypothesis.

FAO technical expert has consistently favoured removing the legislative hurdle banning

cross- border movement and working with traders to encourage free entry through a limited

number of points where inspection facilities may be maintained.

Activity 3.2. Recruitment of a national quarantine expert

Result: The consultant was recruited in November 2008, completing the planned 12-month

input, which was extended for additional six months at request of DG-DLS. The national

consultant worked in close collaboration with the national quarantine office and the AICP

core management team. In the final part of his contract, he assisted the international expert in

carrying out his mission to Nepal.

Activity 3.3. Technical backstopping

Result: Provided by various FAO technical experts.

Activity 3.4. Overseas quarantine skill development training

Result: This was provided through the project arranging and funding study tours for two

groups of government officers as follows:

· A seven-day study tour for seven government officers to Thailand arranged in

conjunction with Kasetsart University and the Department of Livestock Development

(DLD) (July/August 2009).

· A seven-day study tour for seven government officers to Malaysia arranged in

conjunction with DVS, Malaysia. (April 2010).

Activity 3.5. Overseas observation tour

Result: A group of eight government officials completed an observation tour on quarantine

services and disease control measures in Australia during November 2010. The group was

made up of high-level government officers including three Secretaries/Joint Secretaries of

MOAC, the DG and Deputy Director-General from DLS, the programme director from DAH,

the Chief from the National Quarantine Office, and the programme coordinator from the

AICP management team.


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Output 4. Strengthening capacity of veterinary laboratory work

Activity 4.1. Recruitment of an international consultant on laboratory management and

technology

Result: The expert was recruited and completed the planned two-month assignment during

June–July 2009. Key aspects of the expert’s TORs included:

· optimizing conventional PCR, developing SOPs and on-the-bench training

· advising on the procurement of reagents for real-time PCR

· developing a laboratory housekeeping plan with optimized biosafety

· reviewing standard operating procedures (SOPs).

The expert undertook both theoretical and practical training and drafted protocols, guidelines

and recording sheets for molecular and serological techniques. The report underlines the

weaknesses in the then current status of the laboratory and post mortem room both in terms of

organization and manpower. Under the expert’s

guidance reorganization of the laboratory

facilities for HPAI diagnosis was achieved and, together with engineers from FioTec,

modifications to the PM room were designed.

Equipment and consumables lists were prepared.

The expert also visited the regional veterinary laboratories at Pokhara, Biratnagar and the

national avian laboratory at Chitwan, making recommendations for improved operation.

Activity 4.2. Recruitment of an international consultant on molecular virology

Result: The planned one month mission was completed during February and March 2010

during which time the expert was able to give training to the CVL staff and staff of the

Regional Veterinary Laboratories (RVLs) and NAL, Chitwan on RT-PCR techniques and

also produce a RT-PCR manual. The expert was heavily involved in processing samples from

HPAI outbreaks occurring at this time and brought the recently installed PCR equipment into

full and regular use with primers, probes and protocol supplied from the Friedrich Löffler

Institute (FLI), Germany. The expert noted substantial progress from earlier mission but

noted that a major constraint was insufficient funding for reagents and kits such that

techniques learned and equipment supplied could not be put into action. The expert’s report

praised the dedication and skill of the staff of the CVL virology section and the relevant

officers at the National Avian Laboratory (NAL), Chitwan and particularly the RVL,

Pokhara. Some of the deficiencies to which the expert alluded have since been addressed. The

PM room at CVL was completed and handed over to the DAH, and civil works were

completed to separate the CVL grounds from the residential area where the old PM room is

located. With assistance from technicians from the Asia-Pacific Biosafety Association

(APBA) the biosafety cabinets at the CVL and FMD/TAD laboratory were serviced and


17

certified. Incinerators were supplied to CVL and RVLs through OIE cooperation and are

being installed.

While recommending molecular diagnosis of AI as a safe procedure, the expert cautioned that

it was sophisticated and required highly skilled personnel and a sufficient budget. While a

considerable quantity of expensive and modern equipment was provided, its use could not be

mastered through a few days training, and it could take several years before expertise was

fully acquired. Until then, the laboratories would have to rely upon continued external

support. Sustainability of sophisticated equipment was a concern as expensive consumables

and reagents were required, and functionality was threatened by Nepal’s inadequate

electricity supply.

Biosafety levels were judged by the expert to be inadequate to handle HPAI viruses,

particularly H5N1. The expert made numerous recommendations in this respect in her end-

of- mission report, including the appointment of a full time bio-risk officer. The expert also

made recommendations for the operational layout of NAL and advised that primers and

probes for NP (flu A) for 500 reactions be transferred to NAL from the material supplied

from FLI (adequate for 2 000 runs). Recommendation for the RVL, Pokhara addressed urgent

concerns regarding the PM room and need for incinerator, backup generator, as well as future

needs, once the laboratory extension had been completed.

Activity 4.3 Recruitment of a national consultant laboratory technology

Result: The planned ten-month assignment was undertaken and concluded in May 2010.

During this period, the consultant carried out the following duties:

· collaboration with the international consultant and conducting followup activities

· advising on procurement issues

· field visits to all RVLs and advising on operational issues

· conduct of three in-house training courses

· liaison with overseas training institutions

· contributing to the design of a new PM building.

Activity 4.4 Provision of overseas laboratory training

Result: The following overseas training assignments related to HPAI diagnosis were

completed:

· Two CVL virologists for two weeks at an international reference laboratory in the UK

in 2008 which encompassed the following techniques:

Ø training on conventional and real time PCR (M gene)

Ø RNA extraction

Ø Master Mix preparation


18

Ø an introduction to molecular pathotyping

Ø H5/H7 & N1 Real Time PCR testing

· Five officers from RVLs attended three-week training at the Australian Animal

Health Laboratory (AAHL), Geelong Australia in early 2010. Training focused on AI

and included:

Ø bench side training in conventional and real time PCR

Ø serology

Ø laboratory standards and quality assurance procedures

· Six officers undertook advanced training at HSADL, Bhopal, India, in May 2010

(three-week duration)

Ø laboratory diagnosis of HPAI

Ø sample collection

Ø enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) testing

Ø molecular diagnosis of HPAI via conventional and RT-PCR

Ø virus isolation

· Seven technicians attended training at VRI, Ipoh, Malaysia in July 2010. Areas

included the following topics:

Ø biosafety

Ø sample processing

Ø egg inoculation

Ø RNA extraction

Ø real time and conventional PCR tests

Ø haemoagglutination (HA) testing

Ø agar gel precipitation test

Ø sequencing

· Ten technicians attended GADVSU, Ludiana, India for a two-week training in August

2010 on common laboratory techniques for the diagnosis of infectious diseases:

Ø biosafety in microbiology

Ø collection and processing of clinical samples

Ø preparation of media for bacteria/fungi

Ø determination of total bacterial load by viable plate count

Ø microbial staining techniques

Ø biochemical tests for characterization of bacteria

Ø culture and sensitivity test

Ø culture media, growth and staining of fungi

Ø analysis of mycotoxin

Ø virus isolation techniques: preparation of inoculums

Ø cultivation of viruses: egg inoculation techniques

Ø cultivation of viruses in cell culture

Ø HA and haemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays

Ø handling of laboratory animals

Ø agglutination reactions


19

Ø precipitation tests

Ø separation and phenotypic analysis of lymphocytes

Ø delayed type hypersensitivity

Ø ELISA

Ø basic laboratory setup and laboratory safety measures

Ø haematological techniques

Ø examination of urine and other body fluids of sick animals

Ø fundamentals of cytology

Ø introduction to clinical chemistry

Ø necropsy techniques for poultry and small/large animals

Ø basic histopathological techniques

Ø basic staining techniques

Ø techniques for routine diagnosis of rabies

· Two CVL virologists undertook one month training at FLI, Germany, in

November/December 2010 focusing on molecular techniques for diagnosis and

characterization of AI and Newcastle Disease viruses with theoretical and practical

training including the following:

Ø management of sample flow and storage, reagents preparation and

documentation according to standards of an accredited laboratory

Ø RT-PCRs (H5, N1, H7, generic avian influenza virus [AIV], [NP, M]) in ABI-

RT-PCR machine

Ø internal controls

Ø conventional RT-PCR (PanHA, PanNA, H5-EU)

Ø BigDye sequencing

Ø analysis and assessment of sequences for subtype characterization and

pathotyping by using NCBI Blast

Ø RT-PCRs (ND-M, NP)

Ø analysis and assessment of sequences for pathotyping

Ø alignment of H9 sequences by use of GCG

Ø control of fitness of commonly used H9-primers for the recent H9-Nepal strain

Ø conventional RT-PCR (H9 gene fragments, Lee et al., 2001)

Ø routine setup duties and maintenance schedules for ABI 3130 sequencer

Activity 4.5 Procurement of laboratory equipment, including RT-PCR machines

Result: A real time RT-PCR machine was provided through the project with the contract

including training by the suppliers. Two further procurement exercises took place to provide

diagnostic materials and equipment to the laboratory service.


20

Output 5: Strengthening of f ield veterinary services

Activity 5.1: Establish an emergency response fund

Result: See subsection 2.2.3 below

Output 6: Proj ect management

Activity 6.1: Recruitment of an international CTA

Result: The CTA has been in post since June 2008 with the funding for this position being

shared between UTF/NEP/061/NEP/B and the USAID-funded regional project. Consequent

to a budget revision, the planned 14-month input was extended and, together with the support

from the USAID project, the CTA’s

post was extended up to the termination date of the UTF

Agreement (31 July 2011).

At the commencement of the CTA’s input, an office was set up in the AICP core

management unit in Budhanilkantha, while the USAID project was managed from an office

in the DLS building in Harihar Bhawan. Logistical constraints, including transport, later

determined that the projects were combined in the DLS building, with national consultants

being placed in locations appropriate to their area of activity (e.g. lab NC at the CVL,

Tripureswor). The downside of the management focus at Harihar Bhawan was that

communications and collaboration with the AICP core management at Budhanilkantha was

less face-to-face than would have been desirable although compensated for by access to the

DG-DLS, Tripureswor and the FAO operations unit at United Nations House.

Overall, the interactions and cooperation between the CTA and the concerned officials of the

MOAC, DLS , DAH, VEC, CVL and AICP, as well as with NGOs such as STOP AI, were

positive and contributed to a successful project implementation. The CTA was well supported

by the FAOR Nepal and the ECTAD subregional manager. Guidance and back-stopping from

FAO-RAP and headquarters was appreciated, and the CTA further benefitted from attendance

at a number of regional workshops and meetings.

Activity 6.2. Recruitment of an international operations officer

Result: The international operations officer has been in post since March 2010 with a planned

input of 12 months. His duties were extended to provide operational support to all FAO AI

emergency projects. Funding support from the other projects ensured that his position was

maintained until the project termination date.


21

Activity 6.3. Technical back-stopping

Result: This was managed and provided by FAO headquarters and FAO-RAP on behalf of

the project.

Activity 6.4. Recruitment of national consultant HPAI strategy (surveillance) and deputy

team leader

Result: The national consultant was recruited in February 2009 for a planned input of

24 months. The consultant worked with AICP and VEC staff to expand the enhanced

surveillance methodology, implemented in 2009–10 in the frontline districts as a pilot

exercise, to all 26 high-risk districts, partly funded through the USAID 605 project. In

addition, he has taken a major role in collaborating with the FAO-RAP regional

epidemiologist to arrange training for field epidemiologists, participating himself on the

training team. The national consultant completed his contracted assignment in January 2011,

but was retained through cross project funding until April 2011.

Activity 6.5. Recruitment of national operations assistant

Result: The national operations assistant was recruited in June 2009 for a planned 30-month

input providing project operational support through the AI section of the FAO emergency

unit.

Activity 6.6. Organize a general HPAI observation tour

Result: This was completed in 2010 with two groups totalling 21 government officers

completing an eight-day tour in Thailand, organized in collaboration with the Thailand DLD.

Tour reports have been received from the tour group leaders. The project management has

not received feedback as to whether the experience gained in Thailand has led to any

modification of practices or introduction of alternative approaches in Nepal.

Activity 6.7. Organize a general observation tour on surveillance and response

Result: It was acknowledged that among the Department’s field officers there was a very

poor knowledge base on epidemiological matters related, for example, to the design and

conduct of field surveys or the diligent investigation of disease outbreaks. It was agreed

therefore that, in place of an observation tour, the project would address this by organizing

field epidemiology training at Kasetsart University, Thailand. Through a selection process

involving the University, 15 field officers were provided with a two-week training, which

was followed up by a number of practical field surveys in Nepal to apply the information

gained into practice. Three such field programmes have completed studies with project

support.


22

At the request of the Government, and having in mind the availability of funds under

training/observation tours, an additional observation tour for a group of 12 officers to travel to Bangladesh to gain exposure to that country’s approach to dealing with HPAI in anendemic country situation was completed.

Activity 6.8. Support attendance at regional and international conferences and other

mandatory visits

Result: The allocation was used to finance the attendance of three MOAC officials at the

General Assembly Meeting of the OIE in Paris in May 2010 and the Minister and Joint

Secretary for Agriculture and Cooperatives at an FAO/OIE Ministerial Conference in Egypt.

Activity 6.9. Recruitment of an international communication and information expert

Result: The planned two-month assignment was completed during the period

October/December 2009. The expert conducted a number of training exercises and through

field visits and participation in project field exercises was able to identify issues that needed

attention. Her report emphasised the need to institutionalize the communication function

within DLS and also to:

· reach out to small-scale poultry keepers with compelling messages to better inform

and motivate them

· utilize the Department’s field technicians and also village animal health workers to

get messages over to farmers

· strengthen the communications skills of the DLS training and extension services

· be inclusive in delivering training to stakeholders

· provide training modules to trainers.

While a great deal of AICP money has been expended on public awareness of HPAI, there is

little indication of this achieving behavioural change. After the high profile of the first

outbreaks in Jhapa in 2009, the general public as a whole, including poultry keepers and other

stakeholders, have become immune to warnings of calamity and continue to take the most

economical option presented even when this favours disease spread.

Unfortunately, the communications input to this project was isolated from the other project

components and the impact on the AICP communications activities was minimized through

staff changes in the unit.

2.2.3 Management of the emergency response fund

The fund was made available to DLS during the two outbreak periods in 2009 and 2010. The

facilities in place for DLS were judged to be adequate for emergency response, and the use of

the fund was limited to ensuring functional laboratory support, mainly through the provision

of funds for generator fuel to counteract the frequent power cuts which interfered with


23

laboratory testing capability. In this way, support was extended to CVL, the national avian

laboratory and the regional laboratories at Pokhara, Biratnagar, Janakpur and Dhangadhi. In

addition, a washing machine was obtained for CVL, as the outsourcing company that

provided laundering of laboratory coats withdrew its services, citing concern over contagion.

2.3 Actual beneficiaries

The actual beneficiaries were identical to the planned beneficiaries from the paragraph 1.4.

Within DLS, major thrust of the project interventions was towards strengthening laboratory

capacity to diagnose HPAI. This was achieved through a combination of equipment

provision, an extensive training programme, both in-country and overseas, and particularly

through the three months of technical assistance provided by the FAO expert. This was

complemented through the assessments and advice provided by the FAO-Crisis Management

Centre (CMC) laboratory experts and technical backstopping from FAO-RAP in Bangkok.

The laboratory service also benefitted from significant equipment provision under this

project, including both real-time and conventional PCR equipment, generators, biosafety

cabinets and several low temperature deep freeze cabinets. Additionally, FAO was able to

arrange verification and certification of biosafety cabinets through cooperation with the

APBA. During the project period, significant quantities of laboratory diagnostic materials and

reagents were provided. The laboratory training programme is detailed elsewhere in this

report, it should, however, be noted that the schedule planned in the project document was

met and exceeded.

Another area of DLS/DAH of a particular focus of the project is that of surveillance and

epidemiology. The project supported the training on basic epidemiology for 15 government

officers and enhanced the capability of VEC though equipment provision and technical

assistance inputs from FAO experts on TADinfo, GIS and epidemiology. The national

consultant for epidemiology strongly contributed to this area.

On a broader policy basis, the project was able to fund overseas observation tours for a

significant number of government personnel, who benefited from exposure to the policies and

practices of the Government services in a range of relevant countries.

Quantifying the benefits to wider stakeholders, including poultry producers and the general

public, is less precise, but it is clear that the Department’s capability to respond effectively to

the outbreaks in Jhapa were in part due to the outcomes of project activities. The actions

taken to prevent spread of HPAI at that time were seen as beneficial to the poultry sector as a

whole.


24

2.4 Training

The tables below summarize the training conducted under this project. See also activity 4.4.

under output 4 above for details of the laboratory training content.

Tec

hnic

al

ass

ista

nce

to A

vian I

nfl

uen

za C

ontr

ol

Pro

ject

, N

epal,

(U

TF

/NE

P/0

61/N

EP

/B)

Fin

al

Rep

ort

25

2 .4 .1 .T rai ni ngand st ud yt ourscond uct ed out sid eN epal

S.N

o

No

. o

f

pa

rtic

ipa

nts

Tra

inin

g/

To

ur

Da

tes

(du

rati

on

) L

oca

tio

n o

f

Tra

inin

g

Pu

rpo

se

1

2

Tra

inin

g

20

No

vem

ber

-10

Dec

emb

er 2

00

8

(20

days)

Vet

erin

ary

Lab

ora

tori

es

Ag

ency,

UK

Ad

van

ce t

rain

ing o

n A

I

dia

gn

osi

s

2

7

Stu

dy t

ou

r 2

6 J

uly

-1 A

ugu

st 2

00

9

(7 d

ays)

Th

aila

nd

(th

rou

gh

DL

D)

Stu

dy t

ou

r o

n q

uar

anti

ne

skil

l

dev

elop

men

t

3

1

Tra

inin

g

7-1

8 S

epte

mb

er 2

009

(1

2 d

ays)

Far

idab

ad,

Ind

ia

Inte

rnat

ion

al t

rain

ing o

n

pro

cure

men

t

4

5

Tra

inin

g

8 -

27

Feb

ruar

y 2

01

0

(2

0 d

ays)

AA

HL

, G

eelo

ng,

Au

stra

lia

Ad

van

ce t

rain

ing o

n A

I

dia

gn

osi

s

5

11

Stu

dy t

ou

r

(Gro

up

1)

29

Mar

ch-

9 A

pri

l 2

01

0

(12

days)

Th

aila

nd

(th

rou

gh

DL

D)

Stu

dy v

isit

to

cap

ture

th

e T

hai

exp

erie

nce

on

th

e co

ntr

ol

of

HP

AI

6

7

Stu

dy t

ou

r 3-1

2 A

pri

l 2

01

0

(10

days)

Mal

aysi

a S

tud

y v

isit

to

lea

rn a

bo

ut

the

Mal

aysi

an e

xp

erie

nce

on

th

e

con

tro

l o

f H

PA

I

Tec

hnic

al

ass

ista

nce

to A

vian I

nfl

uen

za C

ontr

ol

Pro

ject

, N

epal,

(U

TF

/NE

P/0

61/N

EP

/B)

Fin

al

Rep

ort

26

S.N

o

No

. o

f

pa

rtic

ipa

nts

Tra

inin

g/

To

ur

Da

tes

(du

rati

on

) L

oca

tio

n o

f

Tra

inin

g

Pu

rpo

se

7

10

Stu

dy t

ou

r

(Gro

up

2)

17

-26

May 2

01

0

(10

days)

Th

aila

nd

(th

rou

gh

DL

D)

Stu

dy v

isit

on

HP

AI

con

tro

l

8

6

Tra

inin

g

18 M

ay-5

Ju

ne

20

10

(19

days)

HS

AD

L,

Bh

op

al,

Ind

ia

Ad

van

ce l

abo

rato

ry t

rain

ing o

n

AI

dia

gn

osi

s

9

7

Tra

inin

g

21

Ju

ne-

9 J

uly

20

10

(1

9 d

ays)

VR

I, I

po

h,

Mal

aysi

a

Lab

ora

tory

tra

inin

g o

n A

I

dia

gn

osi

s

10

1

0

Tra

inin

g

15-2

8 A

ugu

st 2

01

0

(14

days)

Lu

dh

ian

a, I

nd

ia

(Gu

ru A

ngad

Dev

Vet

erin

ary a

nd

An

imal

Sci

ence

s

Un

iver

sity

)

Po

ult

ry p

ath

olo

gy,

dif

fere

nti

al

dia

gn

osi

s o

f p

ou

ltry

dis

ease

s an

d

gen

eral

mic

rob

iolo

gy

11

1

5

Tra

inin

g

8-2

9 O

ctob

er 2

01

0

(22 d

ays)

Ban

gk

ok

, T

hai

lan

d

(Kas

etsa

rt

Un

iver

sity

)

Vet

erin

ary e

pid

emio

log

y

trai

nin

g

Tec

hnic

al

ass

ista

nce

to A

vian I

nfl

uen

za C

ontr

ol

Pro

ject

, N

epal,

(U

TF

/NE

P/0

61/N

EP

/B)

Fin

al

Rep

ort

27

S.N

o

No

. o

f

pa

rtic

ipa

nts

Tra

inin

g/

To

ur

Da

tes

(du

rati

on

) L

oca

tio

n o

f

Tra

inin

g

Pu

rpo

se

12

8

Stu

dy t

ou

r 1-1

2 N

ov

20

10

(12

days)

Au

stra

lia

(th

rou

gh

NA

QS

and

AA

HL

,

Gee

lon

g)

Stu

dy t

ou

r co

nce

rnin

g t

he

No

rth

ern

Au

stra

lia

Qu

aran

tin

e

Str

ateg

y (

NA

QS

)

13

2

Tra

inin

g

22

No

v t

o 1

7 D

ec 2

01

0

(26

days)

FL

I, G

erm

any

Tra

inin

g o

n a

dv

ance

d m

ole

cula

r

det

ecti

on

an

d c

har

acte

riza

tio

n o

f

Nep

al H

5N

1 s

trai

n.

14

7

Stu

dy t

ou

r 2

3-2

8 J

an 2

01

1

(6 d

ays)

Ku

ala

Lu

mp

ur,

Mal

aysi

a (w

ith

coop

erat

ion

of

DV

S)

Stu

dy t

ou

r fo

r th

e in

spec

tio

n o

f

liv

e b

ird

po

ult

ry m

ark

et.

15

12

Stu

dy/

Ob

serv

atio

n

tou

r

2-1

0 J

uly

20

11

(9d

ays)

Ban

gla

des

h

Ob

serv

atio

n o

n t

he

con

tro

l o

f A

I

in B

angla

des

h

To

tal

nu

mb

er o

f p

arti

cip

ants

ben

efit

ing f

rom

tra

inin

g a

nd

stu

dy t

ou

rs a

bro

ad =

11

0

Tec

hnic

al

ass

ista

nce

to A

vian I

nfl

uen

za C

ontr

ol

Pro

ject

, N

epal,

(U

TF

/NE

P/0

61/N

EP

/B)

Fin

al

Rep

ort

28

2 .4 .1

I ncount ryt rai ni ng

S

cop

e o

f

Tra

inin

g

No

. o

f

train

ees

Da

tes

(du

rati

on

) L

oca

tio

n o

f T

rain

ing

Tra

inin

g C

on

ten

t

1

GIS

bas

ic f

eatu

res

7

18-2

2 M

ay 2

00

9

(5 d

ays)

VE

C,

DA

H

Arc

GIS

an

d A

rcC

atal

og

Intr

od

uct

ion

to

vis

ual

izat

ion

Intr

od

uct

ion

to

geo

-dat

abas

e

Geo

-ref

eren

cin

g-G

PS

set

up

2

Ad

van

ced

GIS

trai

nin

g:-

7

27

May

-3 J

un

e 2

00

9

(5 d

ays)

VE

C,

DA

H

Cla

ssif

icat

ion

of

feat

ure

s an

d r

aste

rs,

qu

eryin

g,

map

pin

g,

vis

ual

izin

g,

anal

ysi

s, b

uff

erin

g

Ad

van

ced

ed

itin

g

Ad

van

ced

pro

ject

ion

an

d c

oo

rdin

ate

syst

ems

Mak

ing m

aps

fro

m t

emp

late

s

Fie

ld m

easu

rem

ents

3

Lab

ora

tory

tech

no

log

y

6

11-1

6 O

ctob

er 2

00

9

(6 d

ays)

CV

L

Ref

resh

er t

rain

ing o

n l

abo

rato

ry t

ech

no

log

y

4

Lab

ora

tory

tech

no

log

y

8

6-1

5 D

ecem

ber

20

09

(9 d

ays)

CV

L

Ref

resh

er t

rain

ing o

n l

abo

rato

ry t

ech

no

log

y

5

Lab

ora

tory

tech

no

log

y

9

6-7

Jan

uar

y 2

01

0

CV

L

Op

erat

ion

of

the

AB

S R

T-P

CR

mac

hin

e

Tec

hnic

al

ass

ista

nce

to A

vian I

nfl

uen

za C

ontr

ol

Pro

ject

, N

epal,

(U

TF

/NE

P/0

61/N

EP

/B)

Fin

al

Rep

ort

29

S

cop

e o

f

Tra

inin

g

No

. o

f

train

ees

Da

tes

(du

rati

on

) L

oca

tio

n o

f T

rain

ing

Tra

inin

g C

on

ten

t

6

Ser

olo

gy

3

11

-13

Mar

ch 2

01

0

(3 d

ays)

RV

L P

ok

har

a O

per

atio

n o

f E

LIS

A r

ead

er w

ith

45

0n

m f

ilte

r fo

r

IDE

XX

EL

ISA

kit

s

7

Mo

lecu

lar

Vir

olo

gy

3

16

-19

Mar

ch 2

01

0

(4 d

ays)

NA

L,

Ch

itw

an

Op

erat

ion

of

the

BIO

-RA

D R

T-P

CR

mac

hin

e

8

Mo

lecu

lar

Vir

olo

gy

6

23

-25

Mar

ch 2

01

0

(3 d

ays)

CV

L

Han

ds-

on

tra

inin

g o

n R

T-P

CR

in

clu

din

g s

amp

le

pro

cess

ing a

nd

in

terp

reta

tio

n

9

Mo

lecu

lar

Vir

olo

gy

6

7-3

0 J

un

e 2

00

9

(6 d

ays)

CV

L

Fo

r a

ll C

VL

sta

ff:

Th

eore

tica

l b

ack

gro

un

d a

nd

ap

pli

cati

on

of:

-

bio

safe

ty, b

iose

curi

ty, b

iori

sk, b

ioco

nta

inm

ent

go

od

lab

ora

tory

pra

ctic

e

bio

log

y a

nd

ep

idem

iolo

gy o

f A

IV

pri

nci

pal

s o

f m

ole

cula

r b

iolo

gy

PC

R b

asic

s, c

on

ven

tio

nal

an

d r

eal-

tim

e

Fo

r co

re A

I d

iag

nost

icia

ns:

th

eore

tica

l an

d

pra

ctic

al t

rain

ing o

n:

sen

siti

vit

y a

nd

sp

ecif

icit

y o

f ra

pid

tes

t k

its

pat

ho

gen

icit

y t

est

for

H5

val

idat

ion

of

con

ven

tio

nal

PC

R

RN

A e

xtr

acti

on

usi

ng Q

iam

p v

iral

min

i-k

it

con

ven

tio

nal

PC

R (

new

pro

toco

ls)

Tec

hnic

al

ass

ista

nce

to A

vian I

nfl

uen

za C

ontr

ol

Pro

ject

, N

epal,

(U

TF

/NE

P/0

61/N

EP

/B)

Fin

al

Rep

ort

30

extr

acti

on

co

ntr

ols

avo

idin

g c

on

tam

inat

ion

Gel

-ele

ctro

ph

ore

sis

& e

thid

ium

bro

mid

e st

ain

ing

dil

uti

on

an

d t

esti

ng o

f P

CR

pri

mer

s

pip

ette

cal

ibra

tio

n

clea

nin

g a

nd

dis

infe

ctio

n

reag

ent

and

sam

ple

sto

rage

hea

t in

acti

vat

ion

of

sera

per

form

ance

of

EL

ISA

tes

t

resu

lt c

alib

rati

on

fro

m E

LIS

A O

D v

alu

es

per

form

ance

of

HI

test

resu

lt i

nte

rpre

tati

on

op

tim

izat

ion

of

resu

lt d

ocu

men

tati

on

10

D

ata

man

agem

ent

for

vet

erin

ary

epid

emio

log

y

3

11

-19

Mar

ch 2

00

9

(4 d

ays)

VE

C

Inst

alla

tio

n a

nd

set

up

of

TA

Din

fo s

oft

war

e

Ap

pli

cati

on

of

TA

Din

fo

Dat

a en

try

Imp

ort

an

d e

xp

ort

of

dat

a

11

D

ata

man

agem

ent

for

vet

erin

ary

epid

emio

log

y

1

31

Oct

ob

er-5

No

vem

ber

V

EC

T

rain

ing o

f n

ew s

taff

mem

ber

on

:

dat

a en

try

dat

abas

e m

anag

emen

t

up

gra

din

g p

roce

du

re

12

D

ata

man

agem

ent

for

vet

erin

ary

epid

emio

log

y

2

31

Mar

ch-

5 A

pri

l

(2 x

2d

ays)

RV

L P

ok

har

a an

d N

AL

,

Ch

itw

an

Ref

resh

er t

rain

ing o

n T

AD

info

in

clu

din

g d

ata

imp

ort

an

d e

xp

ort

fro

m e

xce

l

Tec

hnic

al

ass

ista

nce

to A

vian I

nfl

uen

za C

ontr

ol

Pro

ject

, N

epal,

(U

TF

/NE

P/0

61/N

EP

/B)

Fin

al

Rep

ort

31

S

cop

e o

f

Tra

inin

g

No

. o

f

train

ees

Da

tes

(du

rati

on

) L

oca

tio

n o

f T

rain

ing

Tra

inin

g C

on

ten

t

13

C

om

mu

nic

atio

n

for

HP

AI

25

6 N

ov

emb

er 2

00

9

Him

alay

a H

ote

l O

ne-

day b

rain

sto

rmin

g o

n c

losi

ng t

he

gap

s

bet

wee

n k

no

wle

dge

and

beh

avio

ur

14

C

om

mu

nic

atio

n

for

HP

AI

29

30

No

vem

ber

-1 D

ecem

ber

20

09

Him

alay

a h

ote

l B

ehav

iou

r ch

ang

e co

mm

un

icat

ion

Inte

rper

son

al c

om

mu

nic

atio

n

Pri

nci

ple

s o

f o

utb

reak

co

mm

un

icat

ion

Med

ia i

nte

ract

ion

-pri

nci

ple

s an

d p

ract

ices

Sim

ula

ted

tab

le-t

op

ex

erci

se

Technical Assistance to Avian Influenza Control Project, Nepal, (UTF/NEP/061/NEP/B)

Final Report

32

2.5 Difficulties encountered during implementation

No major difficulties were encountered. Throughout the project period, GON and the FAO

office in Kathmandu both enthusiastically supported the project management in delivering

the project. Likewise, the technical and operational support provided through FAO-RAP and

headquarters in Rome were steadfast.

Inevitably, when reassessing the finer points of the project implementation, issues will be

unearthed which could provide guidance for future projects of this nature and lead to

improved implementation and impact. For the sake of completeness, a number of such issues

are listed below:

· Fielding technical expertise on time. In practice, it was challenging to engage

appropriately qualified and experienced technical expertise to meet the requirements

of the work plan in a timely manner. Thus, some of the positions were filled rather

later in the programme than anticipated, and this without doubt affected the potential

for impact in those areas. This applied particularly to the quarantine and epidemiology

experts.

· The allocation of person months to some of the technical assistance posts was less

than ideal. In accordance with the relevant clause of the project document, the inputs

for the GIS and TADinfo posts were reduced, while those for the CTA were extended.

· A similar situation was encountered with regard to the allocations for the national

consultants. The allocation for the national consultant - quarantines was extended at

the request of the DG, DLS, utilizing man months available through the reduced input

of the biocontainment engineer, but a proposal by the Project Management to extend

the allocation of the national consultant for laboratory technology was turned down.

· The costs of the consultancy for the BSL3 design were underestimated. This

situation would have been easier to manage had the consultant been engaged for the

entire input required in one contract of multiple missions, rather than having to

renegotiate the second contract from a position of weakness.

· The project document was highly ambitious in relation to the time required to

complete the BSL3 laboratory, and the possibility of meeting the agreed-upon

schedule was made more difficult by an unavoidable delay in fielding this consultant.

· The decision by the World Bank to withdraw funding for the BS3 laboratory half

way through the implementation period was surprising, as the factors taken into

account in reaching this decision were essentially known at the time of project

appraisal. The work plan of the FAO Agreement had been framed around the

establishment of this bio-secure laboratory, and the fall back approach of reverting to

strengthening the CVL was less manageable.

· Mobility was an issue for the FAO team during the major part of the project

implementation, as the two MOSS compliant vehicles indicated in the project

document as being supplied by GON were not supplied. A ten year old non-MOSS

compliant Land Rover could not be used by the FAO personnel outside of the


Final Report

33

Kathmandu valley. One suitable vehicle was provided by the AICP project two years

into the project implementation and was converted to United Nations specifications

FAO‘s cost

.

· The offices of the AICP at Budhanilkantha were inconvenient as a base for the

FAO team, being distant from the DAH technical units at Tripureswor, the DLS at

Harihar Bhawan and the FAO offices at Pulchowk. The generous offer to use an

office at the DLS building in Harihar Bhawan was gratefully accepted but meant that

face-to-face interactions with the AICP core team were less than frequent.

· The information flow of results from material submitted from suspect field cases,

which had been excellent during the first years of the project, unaccountably ceased

during the final nine months after inconsistencies appeared between results from the

CVL and the international reference laboratory. Appeals to submit to the reference

laboratory all material from suspects associated with increased mortality and which

had given a positive reaction in the rapid test applied at the regional laboratories were

ignored, with the result that the true situation of H5N1 in Nepal at this time must be

regarded as obscure.

· The Project Management sought to deliver the project as planned to the extent

possible. This has included a heavy programme of observation tours, particularly in

the area of quarantine skills, although it remains to be seen to what extent the

lessons learned through this area of the programme may be applied to disease

control in Nepal.

3. PROJECT IMPACT3.1 Institutional Development ImpactThe project was envisaged to provide necessary technical guidance and direction to the

AICP animal health programme, itself a part of an overall animal health and human

health project funded through a grant from the World Bank (IDA), and implemented

through DLS of MOAC. In addition to technical assistance, some specialized laboratory

equipment procurement was provided for in the FAO-GON Agreement. Thus, the impact

should be evaluated within the overall enhancement of competence of DLS in addressing

the threat of HPAI.

The inputs from this project, particularly related to surveillance and epidemiology and to

the strengthening of veterinary laboratory capacity, have clearly enhanced GON’s

capacity to minimize the threats posed by HPAI and to detect, diagnose and respond

effectively and in a timely fashion to outbreaks when they occur. An excellent example,

verifying this assessment, was provided by the Department’s

response to the first HPAI

outbreaks in Nepal, which occurred at the beginning of 2009. The incursions and the local

spread associated with them were quickly detected and confirmed, and an effective and

robust response mounted, which prevented further spread out of the affected district.


Final Report

34

Even in the absence of the earlier planned BSL3 laboratory, the extensive training

programme, both in-country and overseas, provided through this project, together with the

provision of specialized laboratory equipment and reagents, has resulted in a network of

laboratories, with the CVL at the hub, which is well capable of meeting the country’s

needs for rapid and detailed diagnosis of H5N1 infections, while the contacts made with

overseas training institutions have facilitated international support.

Expert inputs in areas such as GIS, TADinfo and epidemiology have provided the

Department with the necessary tools to manage data in a scientific and methodical

manner.

Tec

hnic

al

Ass

ista

nce

to A

vian I

nfl

uen

za C

ontr

ol

Pro

ject

, N

epal,

(U

TF

/NE

P/0

61/N

EP

/B)

Fin

al

Rep

ort

35

3 .2 .I mpact eval uati on

Are

a o

f

inte

rven

tion

Wit

hou

t p

roje

ct i

nte

rven

tion

W

ith

pro

ject

inte

rven

tion

Tec

hnic

al a

ssis

tance

for

BS

L3 l

abora

tory

const

ruct

ion

Vir

us

isola

tion u

sing e

mb

ryonat

ed

eggs

in c

ircu

mst

ance

s of

poor

bio

secu

rity

and b

iosa

fety

.

Tec

hnic

al d

ocu

men

ts f

or

launch

ing a

ten

der

for

BS

L3 l

abora

tory

const

ruct

ion w

ere

com

ple

ted

, but

const

ruct

ion w

as p

lace

d o

n h

old

, as

the

Worl

d B

ank m

id-t

erm

eval

uat

ion

mis

sion r

ecom

men

ded

wit

hdra

win

g s

upport

for

the

const

ruct

ion.

As

an a

lter

nat

ive,

the

faci

liti

es a

t th

e C

VL

hav

e b

een i

mp

roved

wit

h e

xp

ert

advic

e an

d

equip

men

t pro

vis

ion t

o a

llow

for

safe

r pra

ctic

es t

o b

e fo

llow

ed.

Surv

eill

ance

and

epid

emio

logy:

Surv

eill

ance

was

lim

ited

in s

cop

e an

d

not

syst

emat

ic. R

esourc

es w

ere

inap

pro

pri

atel

y u

sed t

o c

oll

ect

sam

ple

s

from

hea

lthy p

oult

ry.

Conse

quen

tly,

the

pro

bab

ilit

y o

f ea

rly d

etec

tion o

f

HP

AI

to p

reven

t sp

read

and i

ncr

ease

d

loss

es w

as l

ow

.

The

CT

A a

nd n

atio

nal

consu

ltan

t fo

r H

PA

I st

rate

gy a

nd s

urv

eill

ance

dev

eloped

, im

ple

men

ted

and m

onit

ore

d a

tar

get

ed a

ctiv

e su

rvei

llan

ce p

rogra

mm

e b

ased

on d

isea

se s

earc

hin

g a

nd

info

rmat

ion g

ather

ing, w

hic

h h

as p

roved

eff

ecti

ve

in d

etec

ting H

PA

I ca

ses

(e.g

. in

Kas

ki

in

2010).

Outb

reak

surv

eill

ance

has

bee

n i

mp

roved

and f

ield

off

icer

s tr

ained

in b

asic

epid

emio

logy. D

ata

gat

her

ing a

nd s

amp

le c

oll

ecti

on w

ith l

abora

tory

foll

ow

-up

hav

e p

rovid

ed

imp

ort

ant

info

rmat

ion o

n t

he

subty

pes

and c

lades

of

vir

us

circ

ula

ting i

n N

epal

and t

hro

wn

light

on t

he

role

of

mig

rato

ry b

irds

in i

ntr

oduci

ng t

he

vir

us

to N

epal

.

Use

of

TA

Din

fo f

or

anim

al d

isea

se d

ata

man

agem

ent

Dat

a m

anag

emen

t li

mit

ed t

o t

he

requir

emen

ts o

f th

e O

IE r

eport

ing

syst

em

The

TA

Din

fo s

yst

em h

as b

een i

ntr

oduce

d a

nd s

uper

fici

ally

tak

en u

p b

y t

he

VE

C a

nd r

egio

nal

lab

ora

tori

es a

t P

okhar

a an

d C

hit

wan

. T

AD

info

off

ers

a fl

exib

le, ad

apta

ble

use

r-fr

iendly

inte

rfac

e, w

ith t

he

abil

ity t

o p

roduce

a w

ide

var

iety

of

outp

uts

such

as

pri

nte

d r

eport

s,

inte

ract

ive

table

s an

d m

aps

com

bin

ed w

ith a

n u

np

rece

den

ted p

ow

er o

f an

alysi

s. W

ith t

his

tool

the

VE

C a

nd r

egio

nal

ep

idem

iolo

gic

al n

odes

hav

e th

e ab

ilit

y t

o f

urt

her

engag

e w

ith t

his

pro

gra

mm

e. H

ow

ever

, th

e tr

ue

imp

act

wil

l only

be

real

ized

, once

the

Dep

artm

ent

inst

ruct

s it

s

unit

s to

inte

gra

te T

AD

info

into

the

regula

r p

rogra

mm

e.

Use

of

GIS

soft

war

e

The

pro

duct

ion o

f m

aps

inte

gra

ting

dat

a re

levan

t to

anim

al d

isea

se a

nd

pro

duct

ion w

as r

elia

nt

up

on

inad

equat

e m

anual

syst

ems,

whic

h

could

not

be

inte

gra

ted w

ith d

ata

man

agem

ent

soft

war

e, s

uch

as

TA

Din

fo.

VE

C a

nd D

AH

off

icer

s hav

e b

een t

rain

ed i

n t

he

use

of

Arc

GIS

soft

war

e an

d c

an u

se

tech

niq

ues

, su

ch a

s vis

ual

isat

ion, geo

-ref

eren

cing a

nd m

ap p

roduct

ion t

o l

ayer

dat

a fr

om

dat

abas

es, su

ch a

s T

AD

info

and p

roduce

info

rmat

ive

and i

ndiv

idual

map

s fo

r in

form

atio

n

dis

sem

inat

ion

.

Tec

hnic

al

Ass

ista

nce

to A

vian I

nfl

uen

za C

ontr

ol

Pro

ject

, N

epal,

(U

TF

/NE

P/0

61/N

EP

/B)

Fin

al

Rep

ort

36

Are

a o

f

inte

rven

tion

Wit

hou

t p

roje

ct i

nte

rven

tion

W

ith

pro

ject

inte

rven

tion

Pro

vis

ion o

f

tran

sport

conta

iner

s

Mat

eria

l has

bee

n s

ent

to r

efer

ence

lab

ora

tori

es u

sing i

nad

equat

e

conta

iner

s, w

hic

h m

ay h

ave

led t

o

det

erio

rati

on o

f sa

mp

les

in t

ransi

t an

d

poor

lab

ora

tory

res

ult

s

Alt

hough t

hes

e co

nta

iner

s ar

e ex

pen

dab

le i

tem

s, t

he

pro

ject

has

pro

vid

ed s

uff

icie

nt

num

ber

to

mee

t th

e nee

ds

of

the

lab

ora

tory

ser

vic

e th

roughout

the

imp

lem

enta

tion p

erio

d.

Str

ength

enin

g t

he

cap

acit

y o

f th

e

anim

al q

uar

anti

ne

serv

ice

The

quar

anti

ne

serv

ice,

whic

h w

as

esta

bli

shed

duri

ng t

he

tim

e of

Rin

der

pes

t co

ntr

ol

was

poorl

y

reso

urc

ed a

nd u

nab

le t

o p

rovid

e m

ore

than

a t

oken

inte

rcep

tion a

long t

he

exte

nsi

ve

land b

ord

er w

ith I

ndia

The

AIC

P h

as p

rovid

ed m

assi

ve

res

ourc

es i

n t

he

form

of

veh

icle

s an

d o

ther

equip

men

t to

the

off

ices

and c

hec

k p

oin

ts a

lon

g t

he

bord

er. T

he

pro

ject

nat

ional

consu

ltan

t has

giv

en s

upp

ort

to t

he

awar

enes

s pro

gra

mm

e fu

nded

by A

ICP

whil

e an

inte

rnat

ional

exper

t w

as a

ble

to a

dvis

e

on t

he

lim

itat

ions

of

bord

er c

ontr

ol

and o

n a

lter

nat

ive

app

roac

hes

to c

onta

inin

g d

isea

se r

isk.

Notw

ithst

andin

g t

hes

e ef

fort

s, t

he

bas

is f

or

just

ifyin

g t

hes

e in

terv

enti

ons,

i.e

. th

at H

PA

I

incu

rsio

n t

o N

epal

can

be

pre

ven

ted o

r re

duce

d t

hro

ugh b

ord

er c

ontr

ols

has

not

bee

n p

roven

wit

h t

he

dis

ease

ente

ring J

hap

a dis

tric

t in

2009 d

esp

ite

inte

nsi

ve

awar

enes

s ca

mp

aigns

and

sensi

tiza

tion o

f b

ord

er o

ffic

ials

, w

hil

e in

2010 e

ntr

y w

as m

ost

pro

bab

ly t

hro

ugh i

nfe

cted

mig

rati

ng w

ildfo

wl.

The

imp

act

in r

elat

ion t

o H

PA

I is

ther

efore

low

but

ther

e m

ay b

e so

me

inci

den

tal

ben

efit

tow

ards

the

contr

ol

of

oth

er d

isea

ses

thro

ugh

the

inst

ituti

onal

buil

din

g

outp

ut.

The

outp

ut

of

the

mis

sion b

y a

short

ter

m i

nte

rnat

ional

exp

ert

com

bin

ed w

ith t

he

exp

osu

re o

f

Gover

nm

ent

dec

isio

n m

aker

s to

quar

anti

ne

stra

tegie

s an

d i

mp

lem

enta

tion i

n o

ther

countr

ies

of

this

reg

ion c

hal

lenged

the

trad

itio

nal

appro

ach s

um

mar

ised

above

but

as y

et t

her

e is

no

indic

atio

n t

hat

les

sons

lear

ned

fro

m t

hes

e in

terv

enti

ons

hav

e b

een u

tili

zed s

ub

sequen

tly i

n

Nep

al.

Str

ength

enin

g

cap

acit

y o

f

vet

erin

ary l

abora

tory

serv

ice

CV

L, N

atio

nal

Avia

n L

ab a

nd

Reg

ional

Vet

Lab

ora

tori

es o

per

atio

nal

wit

hout

equip

men

t fo

r ad

van

ced

sero

logy o

r m

ole

cula

r vir

olo

gic

al

tech

niq

ues

and s

taff

not

trai

ned

in

HP

AI

dia

gnosi

s. B

iose

curi

ty

inad

equat

e w

ith r

isk o

f vir

us

esca

pe

and l

abora

tory

not

set

up

for

BS

L3

requir

emen

ts. In

suff

icie

nt

low

tem

per

ature

sto

rage

and n

o p

rote

ctio

n

Wit

h i

mp

roved

lay

out

and i

mp

lem

enta

tion o

f good l

abora

tory

pra

ctic

es c

om

bin

ed w

ith

exte

nsi

ve

equip

men

t pro

vis

ion a

nd s

ubst

anti

al i

nputs

to s

taff

tra

inin

g, th

e la

bora

tory

is

now

full

y c

apab

le o

f co

nduct

ing a

full

ran

ge

of

dia

gnost

ic t

echniq

ues

incl

udin

g m

ole

cula

r

confi

rmat

ion o

f H

5N

1 a

nd o

ther

im

port

ant

AI

sub

typ

es (

e.g. H

7 &

H9)

and t

o c

arry

out

sequen

cing o

f is

ola

tes.

Bio

secu

rity

and b

iosa

fety

have

bee

n i

mp

roved

. T

he

`cap

abil

ity o

f th

e

regio

nal

lab

s has

als

o b

een s

tren

gth

ened

wit

h E

LIS

A t

esti

ng f

or

AI

anti

bodie

s in

stal

led, ra

pid

anti

gen

tes

ts f

or

HP

AI

in w

ide

usa

ge

and t

ests

for

som

e dif

fere

nti

al d

iagnose

s al

so e

nhan

ced

.

TA

Din

fo i

ntr

oduce

d i

nto

som

e re

gio

nal

lab

ora

tori

es h

as f

acil

itat

ed d

ata

man

agem

ent

alth

ough t

his

nee

ds

to b

e fu

rther

dev

elop

ed. L

ow

tem

per

ature

sto

rage

has

bee

n i

mp

roved

and

thro

ugh t

he

pro

vis

ion o

f a

gen

erat

or

the

oper

atio

nal

cap

acit

y o

f th

e C

VL

guar

ante

ed.

Tec

hnic

al

Ass

ista

nce

to A

vian I

nfl

uen

za C

ontr

ol

Pro

ject

, N

epal,

(U

TF

/NE

P/0

61/N

EP

/B)

Fin

al

Rep

ort

37

agai

nst

eff

ects

of

pow

er c

uts

.

Str

ength

enin

g o

f

Fie

ld V

eter

inar

y

Ser

vic

es

Pre

-pro

ject

the

dep

artm

ent

and i

ts f

ield

off

ices

was

unp

rep

ared

to r

esp

ond t

o

outb

reak

s of

HP

AI

wit

h f

ield

sta

ff

hav

ing l

ittl

e id

ea o

f how

to m

ount

a

resp

onse

and i

nad

equat

e know

ledge

of

HP

AI

inves

tigat

ion, sa

mp

ling, re

quir

ed

logis

tics

, te

am a

ssem

bly

, outb

reak

com

munic

atio

n, outb

reak

surv

eill

ance

or

dis

posa

l an

d d

econta

min

atio

n

pra

ctic

es.

The

FA

O i

np

ut

into

str

ength

enin

g o

f fi

eld s

ervic

es w

as l

imit

ed u

nder

this

agre

emen

t to

the

pro

vis

ion a

nd m

anag

emen

t of

a fu

nd t

o s

upp

ort

em

ergen

cy f

ield

ing o

f th

e re

sponse

eff

ort

, in

contr

ast

to t

he

oth

er F

AO

AI

pro

ject

whic

h w

as s

ignif

ican

tly f

ocu

sed o

n p

rep

ared

nes

s an

d

resp

onse

. G

ON

had

mad

e p

rovis

ion f

or

firs

t re

sponse

cost

s an

d c

onse

quen

tly

the

nee

d f

or,

and i

mp

act

from

, p

roje

ct i

nte

rven

tion w

as l

imit

ed m

ainly

to s

upp

ort

to t

he

centr

al a

nd

regio

nal

lab

s to

oper

ate

thro

ughout

the

day

, des

pit

e p

ow

er c

uts

las

ting s

ever

al h

ours

, b

y t

he

pro

vis

ion o

f gen

erat

ors

and f

uel

cost

s fr

om

the

emer

gen

cy f

und.

Pro

ject

man

agem

ent

The

dir

ecti

on a

nd m

anag

em

ent

of

the

nat

ional

consu

ltan

ts a

nd t

he

short

-ter

m

exp

erts

des

ignat

ed u

nder

the

pro

ject

would

hav

e b

een c

um

ber

som

e an

d

inef

fici

ent

in t

he

abse

nce

of

the

FA

O

CT

A a

nd t

he

nec

essa

ry l

inkag

es b

oth

inte

r-p

roje

ct a

nd i

nte

rnat

ional

les

s

effe

ctiv

e.

The

CT

A h

as p

rovid

ed a

n a

ctiv

e li

nk b

etw

een t

he

two A

I p

roje

cts

imp

lem

ente

d i

n N

epal

and

ensu

red t

hat

they

funct

ioned

in a

syner

get

ic m

anner

, av

oid

ing d

up

lica

tion o

f ef

fort

or

reso

urc

es. A

t th

e sa

me

tim

e th

e C

TA

has

pro

vid

ed a

conduit

for

com

munic

atio

ns

bet

wee

n

DL

S a

nd t

he

var

ious

off

ices

of

FA

O, co

untr

y, re

gio

nal

and g

lob

ally

, en

suri

ng t

hat

the

necessarysupportf orachi evi ngth eD epart ment’ sai mswaseffi ci entl yprovided .Th eproj ect

man

agem

ent

has

not

only

ensu

red t

hat

the

agre

ed i

np

uts

wer

e del

iver

ed i

n a

tim

ely f

ashio

n

but

also

thro

ugh e

xte

nsi

ve

fiel

d t

ravel

in c

ountr

y t

he

CT

A h

as b

een a

ble

to a

nal

yse

the

curr

ent

situ

atio

n a

nd f

acto

rs a

ffec

ting t

he

achie

vem

ent

of

obje

ctiv

es a

nd p

rom

ptl

y a

dju

st t

he

pro

ject

inte

rven

tions

to a

chie

ve

the

des

ired

res

ult

s. T

he

pro

ject

man

agem

ent

has

work

ed c

lose

ly a

nd

dir

ectl

y w

ith t

he

rele

van

t te

chnic

al u

nit

s of

the

DA

H a

nd i

n t

his

way

has

bee

n a

ble

to

mat

eria

lly i

nfl

uen

ce p

rogre

ss i

n t

hose

are

as d

emar

cate

d i

n t

he

FA

O/G

ON

ag

reem

ent,

par

ticu

larl

y l

abora

tory

ser

vic

es,

vet

erin

ary e

pid

emio

logy a

nd f

ield

ser

vic

es. T

he

CT

A h

as

bee

n a

ble

to p

rovid

e te

chnic

al a

dvic

e on p

rocu

rem

ent

issu

es a

nd h

as p

layed

an i

mp

ort

ant

role

in s

elec

ting a

nd a

rran

gin

g o

ver

seas

tra

inin

g c

ours

es a

nd a

lso s

tudy/o

bse

rvat

ion t

ours

.

HP

AI

com

munic

atio

ns

Bef

ore

the

adven

t of

the

AIC

P

com

munic

atio

ns

was

han

dle

d s

ole

ly b

y

the

agri

cult

ure

com

munic

atio

ns

and

info

rmat

ion c

entr

e w

ith n

o s

pec

ific

know

ledge

in t

he

lives

tock

dis

ease

s

area

. C

om

munic

atio

ns

wit

hin

AIC

P

was

man

aged

by a

ded

icat

ed o

ffic

er

wit

hin

the

core

AIC

P m

anag

em

ent

team

. T

he

off

icer

had

no s

pec

ific

trai

nin

g i

n t

his

fie

ld a

nd l

ittl

e pra

ctic

al

Th eFAO/GO N agreement’ si nvol vementi nth eareaof communi cati onswaslimi t ed t oth e

pro

vis

ion o

f a

two m

onth

tec

hnic

al a

ssis

tance

inp

ut.

Alt

hough s

hort

, th

e qual

ity o

f th

e ex

per

t

fiel

ded

and t

he

good i

nvolv

emen

t of

the

AIC

P c

om

mu

nic

atio

ns

off

icer

lef

t a

posi

tive

mar

k o

n

HP

AI

com

munic

atio

ns

to f

ield

sta

ff a

nd f

arm

ers.

This

mig

ht

hav

e had

a m

ore

enduri

ng

imp

act

had

the

AIC

P o

ffic

er n

ot

bee

n t

ransf

erre

d s

hort

ly a

fter

war

ds.

Tec

hnic

al

Ass

ista

nce

to A

vian I

nfl

uen

za C

ontr

ol

Pro

ject

, N

epal,

(U

TF

/NE

P/0

61/N

EP

/B)

Fin

al

Rep

ort

38

exp

erie

nce

but

was

ded

icat

ed a

nd

enth

usi

asti

c. T

he

off

icer

had

mad

e

quit

e a

lot

of

pro

gre

ss i

n t

he

fiel

d o

f

awar

enes

s co

mm

unic

atio

n, but

unfo

rtu

nat

ely h

e w

as m

oved

on t

o

anoth

er a

rea

out

wit

h t

he

AIC

P m

id-

pro

ject

.


39

4. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS4.1. Conclusions· The AICP has been the major player in supporting the G

overnment’s activities preparingfor and counteracting the incursion of AI into Nepal. The animal health component has

been actively and substantially supported by the subproject covered by the Agreement

between FAO and GON.

· FAO has fully met its obligations under this Agreement through the provision of capable

expertise, procurement of laboratory equipment and facilitating training in laboratory

technology. Additionally, an extensive programme of overseas study tours and

observation visits has been fully completed.

· FAO project management had to deal with the withdrawal of the World Bank support for

the design and construction of a dedicated BSL3 level laboratory, but was able to provide

GON with the technical documents required for this exercise which may prove valuable

in the future.

· Through training and equipment provision, GON has been provided with many of the

tools required to further advance epidemiology and surveillance under the DAH. This has

included the introduction of the TADinfo software package to improve the DLS ability to

manage data gathered on livestock diseases more efficiently. Departmental willingness to

adopt the system more widely and to integrate the MS access-based system currently used

for OIE data reporting could be stronger, and further advocacy in this area is indicated. GIS training also emphasised integration with TADinfo and the VEC’s capability hasbeen strengthened through upgraded software, computer and UPS provision and the

supply of a colour printer, digital maps of 74 districts and six GPS handsets. It should be

noted that, with advances in the understanding of the epidemiology of the viruses

concerned, the recommended approach to HPAI surveillance has also progressed. For that

reason ,the project has moved towards developing a scientifically-based disease searching

approach to active surveillance and discouraged the collection of serum samples from

healthy chickens.

· FAO has fully played its part in analysing the effectiveness of border controls to prevent

entry of HPAI and has advocated modifying the present strategy towards one which more

readily accepts the realities and encourages cross-border cooperation and communication

together with engagement with relevant stakeholders and traders. Although reliance on

physical border control was emphasised in the Project Agreement document, this is

unrealistic and current scientific opinion supports risk analysis and management through

cross-border cooperation between relevant authorities, including traders and producers,

and acceptance that with a long porous and un-patrolled border, alternative strategies

have to be explored.

· The project interactions in the area of laboratory services have been massive and resulted

in increased competence and improved confidence in the diagnostic capacity of the CVL

and RVLs. More needs to be done in the area of laboratory equipment maintenance, the

management and procurement of consumables for both HPAI diagnostics and differential


40

diagnostic needs. The regional laboratories are capable of doing more detailed diagnostic

work and should be so engaged.

· Observation tours have benefited mainly the higher echelons of the MOAC and DLS, but

there is little indication that this activity has brought significant benefit to the efforts to

control HPAI.

· The input allocation of the CTA was extended through budget revision, as it was felt

indispensable to ensure high level management and oversight of the surveillance

programme. In combination with the allocation available to the CTA position through the

USAID funded project, this allowed continuous input through to the end of the project

implementation. Strong project management is essential to ensure resources are

effectively employed and to fully engage with all actors in the HPAI control field,

including the private sector.

· The Department has benefited from the presence of a good number of dedicated and

knowledgeable individuals, who despite the poor salaries and limited possibilities for

career progression, have maintained the quality of the services provided, and who should

be encouraged and nurtured for the future benefit of the services. 4.2. Recommendations· The processes established through the AICP project to develop and strengthen the

capability of DLS in preventing, detecting, diagnosing, containing and eliminating HPAI

should be preserved and further developed to encompass other transboundary diseases

and emerging infectious diseases and particularly those with zoonotic potential, and thus

broaden the approach to sustainable animal health systems.

· Surveillance directed at HPAI lends itself to adaptation to the detection of other major

economic and zoonotic diseases, and this should be considered by the DAH and VEC in

order to justify the considerable cost of effective surveillance.

· Maximum advantage should be taken from the positive outcomes of this project to

demonstrate to Government decision-makers, particularly in the MOACand in the

Ministry of Finance, the importance of the livestock sector in general and the poultry

sector in particular to the livelihoods of a significant proportion of the rural population

and to the economic health of the country as a whole.

· Project activities in the field have unearthed an immense number of individuals and

households who are entering small scale commercial poultry production with inadequate

knowledge and experience of husbandry practices related to housing, nutrition,

management and marketing of poultry which in many cases leads to excessive losses and

poor production. There is a significant pool of technical capacity in and around Chitwan

district and the veterinary faculty at Rampur which could be engaged to develop and

multiply a force of poultry extensionists to support and guide this expanding trend.

· The policy related to cross-border trade should be reviewed and, rather than a blanket

ban, a strategy of defined entry points with minimum facilities for inspection of live birds

should be considered. The entry points should be operational throughout daylight hours

(at least) and manned by uniformed quarantine office staff with powers to detain birds or

refuse entry, and equipped and trained to conduct rapid antigen tests for HAPI and ND

and in the collection and dispatch of laboratory samples for further testing. The aim


41

would be to work with traders and facilitate entry at those points while maintaining a

prohibition elsewhere backed up by draconian regulations. A mechanism must be in

place to ensure no unauthorised charges are levied at the inspection points. The legislation

banning direct cross border importation of poultry and poultry products from India should

be amended to reflect this change.

· Internal movement control and inspection points need to be made effective and can

operate in the same manner as described above for cross border inspection points. Signs

displayed at inspection points, border or internal, should clearly indicate that charges are

not to be levied and give a telephone number, ideally toll free, as in the case of the system

operated by the DAH bird flu monitoring cell, where contravention of this rule may be

alerted.

· Passive surveillance should be encouraged. Communications should be given more

emphasis within the Department and awareness campaigns stressing the advantages of

interaction with the field service staff promoted. Field staff in turn must be encouraged to

communicate effectively with poultry keepers to address their demands and needs and to

diligently investigate rumours of poultry mortalities. Rapid testing at DLS Office labs and

by surveillance teams should be considered with appropriate safeguards.

· Active surveillance must be closely targeted in order to arrive at a process that is

affordable and sustainable while retaining sufficient sensitivity. The interface between

field technician and farmer must be optimised through training in participatory rural

communications, reinforced periodically.

· Maximum advantage should be taken of the high quality staff at the RVLs to expand the

range of poultry diseases which they can diagnose, always with safeguards to ensure

cases are not missed. A continuous training programme for RVL officers and laboratory

technicians should be developed by the CVL.

· A major problem at the moment is the failure of the CVL to provide submitters of

samples for diagnosis with any response. The target should be for an immediate response

for HPAI and ND with an indication of what further examinations are being carried out

where these are negative and at least initial bacteriological and pathological results within

96 hours accompanied by advice on management and treatment. Failure to provide results

discourages farmer cooperation.

· Continued training for the VEC officers is recommended to maintain and expand

capability in risk assessment, management and reduction and to keep them up to date with

surveillance techniques.

· Laboratory management would benefit from management skill enhancement.

· The CVL should have a dedicated officer for biosecurity and biosafety

· The Department may benefit from greater collaboration with the private sector both in

developing sustainable approaches to disease detection and containment and to jointly

lobby the Government to ensure wider understanding of the value of animal health

services as well as its public good role, such that realistic budgets are set for key activities

such as surveillance and laboratory operation.

· The Department should also seek to improve links with the public health services,

wildlife department and other relevant agencies recognising that under a One Health


42

banner, disease control programmes may be more efficient and carry more weight in

negotiations with the Government.

Tec

hnic

al

ass

ista

nce

to A

vian I

nfl

uen

za C

ontr

ol

Pro

ject

, N

epal,

(U

TF

/NE

P/0

61/N

EP

/B)

Fin

al

Rep

ort

43

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9/2

56

21

/12

/20

09

1

Ge

l-vie

win

g a

nd

im

age

do

cum

en

tatio

n s

yste

m w

ith

bu

ilt in

tran

s-illu

min

ato

r, d

ark

ch

am

be

r,

dig

ita

l ca

me

ra a

nd

printe

r

5,5

80

.60

CV

L -

viro

log

y s

ectio

n

NP

L/2

00

9/2

46

Tec

hnic

al

ass

ista

nce

to A

vian I

nfl

uen

za C

ontr

ol

Pro

ject

, N

epal,

(U

TF

/NE

P/0

61/N

EP

/B)

Fin

al

Rep

ort

44

Date

of

pu

rch

as

e

Qty

. D

es

cri

pti

on

Va

lue

(U

S $

u

nle

ss

oth

erw

ise

s

tate

d)

Lo

ca

tio

n

Pu

rch

ase

Ord

er

No

.

22

/12

/20

09

1

P

CR

The

rmo

cycle

r 4

,392

.59

CV

L -

viro

log

y s

ectio

n

NP

L/2

00

9/2

50

24

/12

/20

09

1

H

P O

ffic

e J

et

70

00

Prin

ter

38

2.4

2

Ve

t ep

idem

iolo

gy

ce

ntr

e

NP

L/2

00

9/2

85

28

/12

/20

09

PC

R H

oo

d A

C6

32

DB

Dea

d a

ir b

ox

2,9

16

.19

CV

L -

viro

log

y s

ectio

n

NP

L/2

00

9/2

72

28

/12

/20

09

Be

nch C

en

trifu

ge

1,4

20

.25

CV

L -

viro

log

y s

ectio

n

NP

L/2

00

9/2

72

28

/12

/20

09

1

T

he

rmo

sh

ake

r fo

r ep

pe

ndo

rf t

ub

es

5,4

58

.46

CV

L -

viro

log

y s

ectio

n

NP

L/2

00

9/2

72

10

/01

/20

10

1

Cod

an H

F A

ICP

fo

r V

eh

icle

No

. 6

6-

1-1

410

with

S.

No. 9

538

143

H50

40

R

ad

io c

om

mu

nic

atio

ns a

s p

er

the

Dep

art

me

nt of

Safe

ty a

nd

Se

cu

rity

(D

SS

) 3

,305

.23

Pro

ject m

ana

ge

me

nt

- ve

hic

le p

rovid

ed

by

AIC

P

Fro

m U

ND

P

10

/01

/20

10

1

Cod

an V

HF

AIC

P f

or

Ve

hic

le 6

6-1

- 1

410

with

S.

No. 1

03

TK

J6

834

R

ad

io c

om

mu

nic

atio

ns a

s p

er

DS

S

45

3.6

0

Pro

ject m

ana

ge

me

nt

- ve

hic

le p

rovid

ed

by

AIC

P

Fro

m U

ND

P

17

/02

/20

10

1

P

CR

The

rmo

cycle

r E

UR

2,9

75

.00

C

VL

- v

iro

log

y s

ectio

n

NP

L/2

01

0/2

6

26

/02

/20

10

1

0

The

rmom

ete

r D

igita

l M

ax-M

in 5

0 t

o

10

0c w

ith

C/F

dis

pla

y

17

0.4

2

CV

L -

viro

log

y s

ectio

n

NP

L/2

01

0/4

0

26

/02

/20

10

4

Waste

Co

nta

ine

r 1

2 x

15

in

ch

es

with

sta

inle

ss s

tee

l in

ne

r ja

r a

uto

cla

va

ble

1

98

.50

CV

L -

viro

log

y s

ectio

n

NP

L/2

01

0/4

0

Tec

hnic

al

ass

ista

nce

to A

vian I

nfl

uen

za C

ontr

ol

Pro

ject

, N

epal,

(U

TF

/NE

P/0

61/N

EP

/B)

Fin

al

Rep

ort

45

Date

of

pu

rch

as

e

Qty

. D

es

cri

pti

on

Va

lue

(U

S $

u

nle

ss

oth

erw

ise

s

tate

d)

Lo

ca

tio

n

Pu

rch

ase

Ord

er

No

.

26

/02

/20

10

3

D

isin

fectio

n m

at

with

tra

y (

2 x

3

fee

t)

14

0.7

2

CV

L -

viro

log

y s

ectio

n

NP

L/2

01

0/4

0

11

/03

/20

10

1

Xe

no

n b

ran

d in

ve

rter

(2.5

KV

A/4

8

vo

lt S

yste

m 2

00

0 W

att)

to m

ain

tain

p

ow

er

for

Dee

p F

ree

ze

un

it

C

VL

- v

iro

log

y s

ectio

n

NP

L/2

01

0/4

6

11

/03

/20

10

4

Exid

e B

atte

ry 1

2V

/150

AM

P(I

nva

Q

ue

en

with

24

mon

ths o

f w

arr

an

ty)

- fo

r abo

ve

un

it

C

VL

- v

iro

log

y s

ectio

n

NP

L/2

01

0/4

6

12

/04

/20

10

8

0

VR

-10

03 L

illi T

est

Rap

id N

ew

ca

stle

D

ise

ase

Viru

s A

g T

est K

it,

20

tests

/Kit.

Ma

nufa

ctu

rer:

Llli

da

le

Dia

gn

ostics -

UK

(80

Kits)

4,4

80

.00

(5

6.0

0 e

ach

) C

VL

- v

iro

log

y s

ectio

n

NP

L/2

01

0/8

1

12

/04

/20

10

5

0

VR

-10

08,

Lill

i T

est

Rap

id I

BD

V A

g

Te

st

Kit, 2

0 T

ests

/Kit.

Ma

nufa

ctu

rer:

La

llida

te D

iagn

ostics

- U

K(5

0 k

its)

4,2

50

.00

(8

5.0

0 e

ach

) C

VL

- v

iro

log

y s

ectio

n

NP

L/2

01

0/8

1

12

/04

/20

10

3

C

an

on L

BP

290

0 L

aser

Prin

ter

39

3.5

6

(19

6.7

8ea

ch

) E

CT

AD

off

ice

NP

L/2

01

0/8

2

12

/04

/20

10

1

X

ero

x P

ha

se

r 33

00

MP

F D

igita

l C

op

ier/

Prin

ter/

Sca

nn

er/

Fa

x

P

roje

ct

Off

ice

- D

LS

N

PL

/201

0/8

4

12

/04

/20

10

3

D

EL

L O

PT

IPLE

X 3

80 M

T

2,1

59

.16

(7

19

.72

ea

ch

) V

et

ep

idem

iolo

gy

ce

ntr

e

NP

L/2

01

0/8

5

Tec

hnic

al

ass

ista

nce

to A

vian I

nfl

uen

za C

ontr

ol

Pro

ject

, N

epal,

(U

TF

/NE

P/0

61/N

EP

/B)

Fin

al

Rep

ort

46

Date

of

pu

rch

as

e

Qty

. D

es

cri

pti

on

Va

lue

(U

S $

u

nle

ss

oth

erw

ise

s

tate

d)

Lo

ca

tio

n

Pu

rch

ase

Ord

er

No

.

12

/04

/20

10

3

A

PC

750

VA

US

A B

ran

d L

ine

In

tera

ctive

UP

S

85

1.2

1

(28

3.7

3 e

ach

) V

et

ep

idem

iolo

gy

ce

ntr

e

NP

L/2

01

0/9

2

25

/06

/20

10

7

A

PC

750

VA

US

A B

ran

d L

ine

In

tera

ctive

UP

S

1,9

08

.24

(27

2.6

0 e

ach

) E

CT

AD

off

ice

NP

L/2

01

0/1

36

13

/09

/20

10

2

0sq.f

t P

art

itio

n -

to

sep

ara

te o

ff m

eetin

g

roo

m

1,0

10

.10

(50

.50p

er

sq f

t)

Pro

ject

Off

ice

- D

LS

N

PL

/201

0/1

67

13

/09

/20

10

1

D

oo

r 1

81

.82

Pro

ject

Off

ice

- D

LS

N

PL

/201

0/1

67

13

/09

/20

10

5

C

ha

irs

30

3.0

3

Pro

ject

Off

ice

- D

LS

N

PL

/201

0/1

67

29

/09

/20

10

1

0

AI

antib

od

y E

lisa

Kit (

mu

lti-sp

ecie

s

48

0te

sts

/pa

ck

3,8

72

.05

(38

7.2

0 e

ach

) C

VL

- viro

log

y s

ectio

n

NP

L/2

01

0/2

08

01

/12

/20

10

2

IBD

An

tige

n C

ap

ture

Test

Kit (

Ag

Scre

en

ing)

2 k

its=

38

4 te

sts

G

um

bo

ro d

isea

se

- d

iffe

ren

tia

tio

n

from

HP

AI

49

3.9

2

(24

6.9

6ea

ch

) C

VL

- viro

log

y s

ectio

n

NP

L/2

01

0/2

50

01

/12

/20

10

4

A

via

n E

nce

ph

alo

mye

litis

An

tib

od

y

Te

st

Kit (

diffe

rentia

tio

n f

rom

HP

AI)

3,4

73

.64

(86

8.4

1 e

ach

) C

VL

- viro

log

y s

ectio

n

NP

L/2

01

0/2

51

01

/12

/20

10

4

C

hic

ke

n A

nem

ia V

iru

s A

ntib

od

y

Te

st

Kit

2,2

21

.33

(5

55

,33

ea

ch

) C

VL

- viro

log

y s

ectio

n

NP

L/2

01

0/2

51

Tec

hnic

al

ass

ista

nce

to A

vian I

nfl

uen

za C

ontr

ol

Pro

ject

, N

epal,

(U

TF

/NE

P/0

61/N

EP

/B)

Fin

al

Rep

ort

47

Date

of

pu

rch

as

e

Qty

. D

es

cri

pti

on

Va

lue

(U

S $

u

nle

ss

oth

erw

ise

s

tate

d)

Lo

ca

tio

n

Pu

rch

ase

Ord

er

No

.

01

/12

/20

10

1

5

IBV

-IB

D-N

D C

om

bo

Kit

1,9

82

.10

(13

2.1

4 e

ach

) C

VL

- viro

log

y s

ectio

n

NP

L/2

01

0/2

51

01

/12

/20

10

2

IB

D A

ntige

n C

ap

ture

Test

Kit(A

g

Typ

ing)

1,1

67

.8 9

(5

93

.89

ea

ch

) C

VL

- viro

log

y s

ectio

n

NP

L/2

01

0/2

51

1

D

ell

Op

tip

lex 9

60 (

de

skto

p

co

mpu

ter

for

CT

A)

P

roje

ct

Off

ice

Fro

m H

Qs

09

/12

/20

10

1

C

od

an H

F N

GS

TR

x f

or

Ve

hic

le

3,7

02

.00

EC

TA

D o

ffic

e

Fro

m U

ND

P

09

/12

/20

10

1

M

oto

rolla

- V

HF

GM

360

6

60

.00

EC

TA

D o

ffic

e

Fro

m U

ND

P

21

/12

/20

10

1

Con

ve

ntio

na

l P

CR

M

ach

ine

(in

clu

din

g in

sta

llatio

n a

nd

train

ing)

E

uro

5,0

25

.00

CV

L-

viro

log

y s

ectio

n

NP

L/2

01

0/2

45

21

/12

/20

10

5

S

ingle

Cha

nn

els

Pip

ette

(A

rtic

le

No.

312

0 0

00.0

20

) E

uro

83

5.0

0

(16

7.0

0 e

ach

) C

VL

- viro

log

y s

ectio

n

NP

L/2

01

0/2

45

21

/12

/20

10

2

G

el e

lectr

op

ho

resis

App

ara

tus,

Horizo

nta

l (S

DS

pa

ge

) 1

,924

.00

96

2.0

0ea

ch

C

VL

- v

iro

log

y s

ectio

n

NP

L/2

01

0/2

46

21

/12

/20

10

2

G

el D

ocum

en

tatio

n R

ea

de

r (I

nclu

din

g in

sta

llatio

n a

nd

tra

inin

g)

27

,25

4.0

0

13

,62

7.0

0ea

ch

C

VL

- v

iro

log

y s

ectio

n

NP

L/2

01

0/2

46

21

/12

/20

10

1

Insta

llatio

n a

nd

ba

sic

tra

inin

g c

ost

for

supp

lied

lab

ora

tory

equ

ipm

en

t 1

1,5

00

.00

C

VL

- v

iro

log

y s

ectio

n

NP

L/2

01

0/2

46

Tec

hnic

al

ass

ista

nce

to A

vian I

nfl

uen

za C

ontr

ol

Pro

ject

, N

epal,

(U

TF

/NE

P/0

61/N

EP

/B)

Fin

al

Rep

ort

48

Date

of

pu

rch

as

e

Qty

. D

es

cri

pti

on

Va

lue

(U

S $

u

nle

ss

oth

erw

ise

s

tate

d)

Lo

ca

tio

n

Pu

rch

ase

Ord

er

No

.

21

/12

/20

10

1

E

LIS

A W

ash

er

4,9

65

.00

CV

L -

viro

log

y s

ectio

n

NP

L/2

01

0/2

47

21

/12

/20

10

5

M

ultic

ha

nne

l P

ipe

tte

(20

-10

0)

92

0.0

0

(18

4.0

0ea

ch

) C

VL

- v

iro

log

y s

ectio

n

NP

L/2

01

0/2

47

21

/12

/20

10

3

Dou

ble

Dis

tilla

tion

with

Re

se

rvo

ir -

fo

r ultra

pu

re w

ate

r fo

r a

na

lytica

l te

sts

1

8,1

26

.00

(6,0

42.0

0e

ach

)

CV

L -

(1)

RV

L P

okh

ara

(1

) R

VL

Bira

tna

ga

r (1

) N

PL

/201

0/2

47

22

/12

/20

10

2

0

AI

Viru

s A

ntibo

dy T

est K

it.

PA

RT

N

O 9

9-0

92

69

:AI 5

pl

6,7

60

.00

(33

8ea

ch

) C

VL

- v

iro

log

y s

ectio

n

NP

L/2

01

0/2

49

22

/12

/20

10

8

Avia

n L

eu

ko

sis

Viru

s A

ntige

n T

est

kit.

Pa

rt N

o.

99

-09

25

4:A

LV

AG

-P2

7

5P

L (

diffe

rentia

tion

) 2

,496

.00

(31

2.0

0ea

ch

)

CV

L -

viro

log

y s

ectio

n

NP

L/2

01

0/2

49

22

/12

/20

10

7

Influen

za

H1

N1 E

LIS

A P

AR

T N

O

99

-067

31:

SIV

H1

N1 5

PL

F

or

de

tectio

n o

f sw

ine

Influen

za

vir

us

3,3

25

.00

(47

5.0

0E

ach

)

CV

L -

viro

log

y s

ectio

n

NP

L/2

01

0/2

49

13

/01

/20

11

4

Dee

p F

ree

ze

r (-

80

de

gre

e C

els

ius)

with

te

mp

era

ture

ba

ck u

p

CV

L x

2

TA

D/F

MD

lab x

1

Bio

logic

al p

rod

ucts

lab

NP

L/2

01

1/2

13

/01

/20

11

1

T

issue P

roce

sso

r

CV

L -

his

tolo

gy s

ectio

n

NP

L/2

01

1/3

Tec

hnic

al

ass

ista

nce

to A

vian I

nfl

uen

za C

ontr

ol

Pro

ject

, N

epal,

(U

TF

/NE

P/0

61/N

EP

/B)

Fin

al

Rep

ort

49

Date

of

pu

rch

as

e

Qty

. D

es

cri

pti

on

Va

lue

(U

S $

u

nle

ss

oth

erw

ise

s

tate

d)

Lo

ca

tio

n

Pu

rch

ase

Ord

er

No

.

13

/01

/20

11

4

A

PC

750

VA

US

A B

ran

d L

ine

In

tera

ctive

UP

S

EC

TA

D o

ffic

e

NP

L/2

01

1/4

24

/01

/20

11

1

M

icro

tom

e: M

od

el N

o. K

D33

68

AM

.

C

VL

- v

iro

log

y s

ectio

n

NP

L/2

01

1/1

5

21

/01

/20

11

1

IB

D (

Gu

mb

oro

dis

ea

se)

An

tige

n

Cap

ture

Test

kit.

C

VL

- v

iro

log

y s

ectio

n

NP

L/2

01

1/1

6

21

/01

/20

11

1

Delta

Ene

rgy S

yste

m O

N-L

INE

M

od

el: N

3K

UP

S 3

KV

A C

ap

acity

with

In

tern

al B

att

ery

Ba

cku

p

E

CT

AD

off

ice

NP

L/2

01

1/6

16

/02

/20

11

1

P

oly

co

n A

ud

ko

Confe

ren

cin

g U

nit

Mo

de

l S

ou

nd

Sta

tion

2.

E

CT

AD

off

ice

NP

L/2

01

1/3

5

03

/03

/20

11

3

S

tand

ard

filt

er

for

Mu

ltis

ka

n E

X,

65

0m

m

Eu

ro 5

01

.00

(1

67

.00

ea

ch

)

RV

Ls

NP

L/2

01

1/4

2

11

/05

/20

11

5

A

I V

iru

s A

ntibo

dy T

est K

it.

PA

RT

N

O 9

9-0

92

69

:AI 5

pl

1,6

90

.00

(33

8.0

0 e

ach

) C

VL

- v

iro

log

y s

ectio

n

NP

L/2

01

1/5

8

11

/05

/20

11

1

5

AI

Viru

s A

ntibo

dy T

est K

it.

PA

RT

N

O 9

9-1

21

19

Iw

ith

sh

elf life u

p t

o

28

De

c 2

011

) 6

,780

.00

(4

52

.00

ea

ch

)

CV

L -

viro

log

y s

ectio

n

an

d R

VL

s

NP

L/2

01

1/5

8

11

/05

/20

11

8

Avia

n L

eu

ko

sis

viru

s A

ntige

n T

est

Kit.

PA

RT

NO

99

-09

25

4:

AL

V A

G-

P2

7 5

PL

2,4

96

.00

(31

2.0

0 E

ach

) C

VL

- v

iro

log

y s

ectio

n

NP

L/2

01

1/5

8

Tec

hnic

al

ass

ista

nce

to A

vian I

nfl

uen

za C

ontr

ol

Pro

ject

, N

epal,

(U

TF

/NE

P/0

61/N

EP

/B)

Fin

al

Rep

ort

50

Date

of

pu

rch

as

e

Qty

. D

es

cri

pti

on

Va

lue

(U

S $

u

nle

ss

oth

erw

ise

s

tate

d)

Lo

ca

tio

n

Pu

rch

ase

Ord

er

No

.

11

/05

/20

11

7

In

fluen

za

H1

N1 E

LIS

A P

AR

T N

O

99

-067

31:

SIV

H1

N1 5

PL

3

,325

.00

(47

5.0

0 E

ach

) C

VL

- v

iro

log

y s

ectio

n

NP

L/2

01

1/5

8

07

/06

/20

11

1

1

Sin

gle

Cha

nn

els

Pip

ette

(V

olu

me

0

.5-1

0)

C

VL

- v

iro

log

y s

ectio

n

NP

L/2

01

1/7

3

07

/06

/20

11

7

M

ultic

ha

nne

l P

ipe

tte

(Vo

lum

e 5

-50

)

CV

L -

viro

log

y s

ectio

n

NP

L/2

01

1/7

3

07

/06

/20

11

9

S

ingle

Cha

nn

el P

ipe

tte (

Vo

lum

e

20

-200

)

CV

L -

viro

log

y s

ectio

n

NP

L/2

01

1/7

3

07

/06

/20

11

8

S

ingle

Me

ch

an

ica

l P

ipe

tte

(V

olu

me

1

00

-10

00

)

CV

L -

viro

log

y s

ectio

n

NP

L/2

01

1/7

3

07

/06

/20

11

5

P

CR

Ho

od

(cham

be

r)

C

VL

- v

iro

log

y s

ectio

n

NP

L/2

01

1/7

3

06

/08

/20

09

1

M

icro

titr

e c

en

trifu

ge

roto

r 4

47

.33

CV

L -

viro

log

y s

ectio

n

09

/11

/20

09

1

A

rcG

IS s

oft

wa

re p

ackage

1

,690

.00

Ve

t ep

idem

iolo

gy

ce

ntr

e

Final Report UTF NEP 061 NEP B - coin.fao.org

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Transcript of Final Report UTF NEP 061 NEP B - coin.fao.org