FINAL REPORT SUPPORTING REPORT

METROPOLITAN DISTRICT OF CARACAS BOLIVARIAN REPUBLIC OF VENEZUELA
STUDY ON
In association with
PACIFIC CONSULTANTS INTERNATIONAL
OYO INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
DISASTER PREVENTION BASIC PLAN IN THE METROPOLITAN DISTRICT OF CARACAS IN THE BOLIVARIAN REPUBLIC OF VENEZUELA
March 2005
G E
J R
JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY (JICA) METROPOLITAN DISTRICT OF CARACAS
BOLIVARIAN REPUBLIC OF VENEZUELA STUDY ON DISASTER PREVENTION BASIC PLAN IN THE METROPOLITAN DISTRICT OF CARACAS IN THE BOLIVARIAN REPUBLIC OF VENEZUELA
FINAL REPORT SUPPORTING REPORT
PACIFIC CONSULTANTS INTERNATIONAL
In association with
OYO INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
Estimated Base Cost: as of 2005 price Foreign Currency Exchange Rate:
Currency Exchange Rate / US$
Venezuelan Bolivar (Bs) 1,919.10
FINAL REPORT
SUPPORTING REPORT
S3 EARTHQUAKE DISASTER PREVENTION
S5 BUILDING DATABASE
S7 FIELD TEST ON SEISMIC REINFORCEMENT OF BUILDINGS
S8 LIFELINE/INFRASTRUCTURE DATABASE
S12 DEBRIS FLOW AND SEDIMENT STUDY
S13 HYDROLOGY AND FLOOD ANALYSIS
S14 HISTORICAL SEDIMENT DISASTER
S16 FACILITY DESIGN AND COST ESTIMATE
S17 COUNTERMEASURE FORSTEEP SLOPE FAILURE AND LAND SLIDE
S18 EARLY WARNING AND EVACUATION
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S20 GIS OPERATION MANUAL
S21 DISASTER PREVENTION ADMINISTRATION/LEGISLATION
S23 PEOPLE’S ORGANIZATION FOR DISASTER PREVENTION
S24 SOCIAL SURVEY
S26 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATION
S27 PROJECT EVALUATION
ADMC Government of the Metropolitan District of Caracas AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials ASTER Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer AUAEV Unique Authority for Vargas State Reconstruction AVU Analyzed Vulnerability Unit C/P Counterpart CAD Computer Aided Design CADAFE Electric Administration and Development Anonymous Company CAEL Action Committees for Local Emergencies CAF Andean Development Foundation CAG Canadian Association of Geographers CANTV National Anonymous Telephone Company of Venezuela
CAPCOMEA Project for Training of Communities for Self-protection, Prevention, Mitigation and Attention of Adverse Events
CCSIEM Committee for Contingencies and Emergency Situations of Miranda State CENAMB, UCV Center for Integral Environmental Studies, Central University of Venezuela CESAP Center for the Service of Popular Action CIDIAT Interamerican Center for Environmental and Territorial Development and Research CLPP Local Councils of public planning CNU National Council of Universities COMIR, UCV Committee for Risk Mitigation, UCV CONAVI National Housing Commission COVENIN Venezuelan Committee of Industrial Standards DBMS Data Base Management System DIGITEL Digitel Corporation C.A. DMC Metropolitan District of Caracas DTM Digital Terrain Model EDELCA Electrification of Caroni C.A. EMS European Microseismic Scale F/S Feasibility Study FAV Venezuelan Air Force FEDE Foundation for Educational Buildings and Equipment FGDC Federal Geographic Data Committee (USA) FONACIT National Fund of Science, Technology and Innovation FONDUR National Fund for Urban Development FUNDABARRIOS Foundation for Neighborhood Equipment FUNDACOMUN Foundation for Community Development and Local Promotion FUNREVI Regional Foundation for Housing FUNVI Housing Foundation, DMC FUNVIS Social Investment Fund of Venezuela FUNVISIS Venezuelan Foundation for Seismological Investigations GIS Geographic Information System
ii
H/V Horizontal/Vertical HIDROCAPITAL Aqueduct Institute for Capital District and Miranda and Vargas States IAEM Institute of Emergency Attention of Miranda State IDEC-UCV Institution for the Experimental Development of Construction, UCV IERU, USB Institute of Regional and Urban Studies, USB IGVSB Simon Bolivar Geographic Institute of Venezuela IMAS Water Service Institute of Sucre Municipality IMF, UCV Institute of Fluid Mechanics, Central University of Venezuela IMME, UCV Institute of Materials and Structural Models, Central University of Venezuela INCE National Institute of Educational Cooperation INE National Statistics Institute INGEOMIN National Geological and Mining Institute INOS Former name of HIDROCAPITAL (but in a national extent) INPARQUES National Institute of Parks INTEVEP Venezuelan Technological Institute of Petroleum
IPASME Ministry of Defense, Prevention and Social Assistance Institute for the Education Ministry personnel
IPC Civil Protection Institute, Municipality of Sucre
IPCA Municipal Autonomous Institute of Civil Protection and Environment, Chacao Municipality
ISC International Seismological Centre ITCZ Intertropical Convergence Zone IUTB University Institute of Firefighting Technology IVSS Venezuelan Institute of Social Security JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency M/P Master Plan MARN Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources MARNR Former Name of MARN MCT Ministry of Science and Technology MEM Ministry of Energy and Mines MES Ministry of Higher Education MINDUR Ministry of Urban Development MINFRA Ministry of Infrastructure MMI Mercalli Macroseismic (Modified) Intensity MOP Former Name of MINFRA MPD Ministry of Planning and Development MSDS Ministry of Health and Social Development MYCT Ministry of Science and Technology Nd Damage Extension Ndp Number of Collapsed Poles NGO Non Government Organization NIP Neighborhood Improvement Plan OCEI Former name of INE OPR First Response Organization OPSU Planning Office of University Sector
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PAHO Pan-American Health Organization PCAD Civil Protection Administration of Disasters PDUL Local Urban Development Plan PDVSA Petroleum of Venezuela S.A. PGA Peak Ground Acceleration PGV Peak Ground Velocity PLACADE Planning in Case of Disasters (Metropolitan Firefighters) PRECOM Office of Community Preparation, Metropolitan Firefighters PREVENE Assistance to Natural Disaster Prevention in Venezuela RC Reinforced Concrete REGVEN Venezuelan Geodesic Network SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition SCS Soil Conservation Service (U.S.A.) SIRGAS Geocentral Reference System for the Americas SOCSAL Local Support Service A.C. SPT Standard Penetration Test SUMA Humanitarian Supply Management System S/W Scope of Work TELCEL Telcel BellSouth of Venezuela TSU University Technician UCV Central University of Venezuela UDU Urban Design Unit ULA University of Los Andes UNDP United Nations Development Programme UPEL Libertador Experimental Pedagogic University UPF Physical Planning Unit USB Simon Bolivar University USGS United States Geological Survey Vs S Wave Velocity WHO World Health Organization
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“Preventive behavior for a safer Caracas”
Ana Teresa Aguilar
FINAL REPORT
SUPPORTING REPORT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 GENERAL
1.2 Purpose of the Plan ----------------------------------------------------------------------S1-3
1.3 Target Area -------------------------------------------------------------------------------S1-3
1.4 Target of Protection----------------------------------------------------------------------S1-3
1.5 Target Year -------------------------------------------------------------------------------S1-3
1.7 Structure of the Plan and Main Objectives of the Plan------------------------------S1-4
1.8 Main Objectives and Major Projects of the Plan-------------------------------------S1-4
1.9 Organization Framework ---------------------------------------------------------------S1-5
1.11 Earthquake Disaster Scenario ----------------------------------------------------------S1-5
1.12 Sediment Disaster Scenario ------------------------------------------------------------S1-5
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2.3 Promotion of Research for Mitigation Measures ------------------------------------S1-18 2.3.1 Research on Earthquake Disaster Prevention ------------------------------S1-18 2.3.2 Research on Sediment Disaster Prevention --------------------------------S1-19
CHAPTER 3 PREPARATION PLAN FOR EMERGENCY RESPONSE
3.1 Policy --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------S1-23
iii
4.1 Policy --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------S1-37
4.2 Organization ------------------------------------------------------------------------------S1-37
CHAPTER 5 EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN
5.1 Policy --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------S1-39
5.3 Organization for Emergency Response with Early Warning -----------------------S1-39 5.3.1 Organization--------------------------------------------------------------------S1-39 5.3.2 Mobilization of OCC----------------------------------------------------------S1-39 5.3.3 Early Warning and Evacuation Operation----------------------------------S1-40
5.5 Collaboration with Related Agencies--------------------------------------------------S1-44 5.5.1 Request of Help from National Government Agencies-------------------S1-44
iv
5.13 Emergency Transport Operation -------------------------------------------------------S1-59 5.13.1 Metro ----------------------------------------------------------------------------S1-59
5.15 Security------------------------------------------------------------------------------------S1-61 5.15.1 Activities of the Police in Emergency --------------------------------------S1-61
7.1 Policy --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------S1-65
7.2 Organization ------------------------------------------------------------------------------S1-65
7.4 Strategy for the Community ------------------------------------------------------------S1-66 7.4.1 Promotion of Disaster Prevention Activities-------------------------------S1-66 7.4.2 Collaboration with the Government-----------------------------------------S1-66
Table S1-1.8.1 Organization Framework for Disaster Management------------------- S1-6 Table S1-2.2.1 Financial Sources for “Urban Planning for a Stronger Caracas”----- S1-20 Table S1-2.2.2 Responsibility Table for “Urban Planning for a Stronger Caracas” - S1-20 Table S1-2.2.3 Financial Sources for Reinforcement of Buildings -------------------- S1-20 Table S1-2.2.4 Responsibility Table for “Retrofitting of Buildings” ------------------ S1-21 Table S1-2.2.5 Financial Sources for Sediment Disaster Prevention Structures ----- S1-21 Table S1-2.2.6 Organization for Construction of Mitigation Measures for Sediment Disaster --------------------------------------------------------- S1-22
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Preface
The purpose of this “Caracas Disaster Management Draft Plan” is to show an example of the structure of a comprehensive disaster management plan for a regional government.
There are several reasons why this part of the supporting report was prepared.
(1) This JICA study focused on “mitigation” and “preparation” parts and for “emergency responses” and “rehabilitation” parts, suggestions were made on the existing system according to the agreement made prior to the Study. However, an integrated regional disaster management plan should cover all the four stages of disaster management.
(2) The format of the main report of the study is following the TOR of JICA for the study and the report format is not always suitable for a disaster management plan.
(3) The JICA Study covers only three municipalities of the area, namely Libertador, Chacao and Sucre, while other two municipalities are out of the scope of the Study.
Therefore, here, as one part of the Supporting Report of the Study, a draft plan is presented taking a similar format of an integrated regional disaster management plan in Japan, covering four stages of disaster management and at the same time, covering the whole area of the Metropolitan District of Caracas.
Because of lack of any national plan for disaster prevention in Venezuela, the responsibilities of central government and the local governments are not clear for preparation of a regional disaster management plan. The responsibility for the central government and the local governments are items which should have been defined in the national disaster management plan. However, the Study Team dares to define these items in this draft after discussion with the counterpart team so that the authority can refer this draft when they prepare the national plan for disaster management. In order to be referred when the national disaster prevention plan or municipal disaster prevention plan are prepared, “items to be included in the national disaster prevention plan” and “items to be included in the municipal disaster prevention plan” are added in each item of the plan component.
As this is an only example of structure, some part of the draft is direct translation from a Japanese example and may not reflect the reality of the Metropolitan District of Caracas. It is necessary for the Venezuelan side to review this draft plan and finalize it.
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Summary of the Draft Plan
The grand vision of the Caracas Disaster Management Draft Plan is;
“Caracas Safe, if the Prevention Lasts”.
The purpose of this plan is to establish a clear guideline which shows all the government officials and the citizens in the Metropolitan District of Caracas how to manage the natural disasters which may attack the area in future and how to minimize the damage on the human lives, the properties and the function of the Area.
The target area of the plan is the whole area of the Metropolitan District of Caracas including five municipalities. The targets of protection from natural disasters are human lives, properties and function of the capital city. The disaster types targeted are earthquake disasters and sediment disasters (sediment disasters area composed of debris flow, landslide and steep slope failure), The target year of the plan is the year 2020 and the year 2012 is the intermediate goal.
The plan is covering four stages of disaster management, namely “mitigation”, “preparation”, “emergency response” and “rehabilitations”.
The three main objectives of the plan are;
Making a Safer Caracas by (1) Retrofitting risky buildings in the area,
(2) Reinforcing risky bridges in the area, and
(3) Constructing debris flow control structures.
(4) Promoting people to live away from risky area,
Acting Effectively in emergency by (5) Preparing Early Warning and Evacuation System,
(6) Constructing Emergency Command Center, and
Strengthening of Coordination between the Government and the Citizens (7) Strengthening of Community Activities.
The plan is elaborating policies realizing the above main objectives and other objectives in order to attain the goal of disaster management.
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CHAPTER 1. GENERAL
“Caracas Safe, if the Prevention Lasts”
As it is clearly stated in the above slogan of the plan, in order to create a safer Caracas, it is absolutely necessary to develop prevention measures in the plan.
The plan shows the way to create safer Caracas through the realization of prevention measures and at the same time how to prepare and act effectively in crisis in natural disasters.
1. 2 Purpose of the Plan
The purpose of this plan is to establish a clear guideline which shows all the government officials and the citizens in the Metropolitan District of Caracas how to manage the natural disasters which may attack the area in future and how to minimize the damage on the human lives, the properties and the function of the capital city.
1. 3 Target Area
The target area for the plan is the Metropolitan District of Caracas composed of five municipalities, namely Libertador, Chacao, Sucre, Baruta and El Hatillo. The total area is 777 km2 and the total population in the year 2001 is 3.1 million
1. 4 Target of Protection
The targets for protection from disasters are “human lives”, “properties” and “function of the capital city”.
1. 5 Target Year
The target year of the plan is 2020. As the intermediate target, the year 2012 is set as the intermediate goal.
1. 6 Target Disaster Types
The target disaster types are “earthquake disasters” and “Sediment Disasters”. The sediment disasters include “debris flow disaster”, “landslide disasters” and “steep slope disasters”.
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1. 7 Structure of the Plan and the Main Objectives of the Plan
The plan is composed of chapters reflecting four stages of disaster management, namely “mitigation”, “preparation for emergency response”, “emergency response” and “rehabilitation/redevelopment”. “reparation stage” was divided into “preparation plan” and “stand-by plan”. One chapter for “people’s participation for invulnerable Caracas” was added. Mitigation Plan
Seismic Retrofitting of Buildings-----------------------------------------major project
Mitigation Measures for Transportation----------------------------------major project
Mitigation Measures for Lifelines
Mitigation Measures for Dams
Early Warning for Sediment Disaster Prevention-----------------------major project
Establishment of Emergency Command Center-------------------------major project
Trainings and Drills
Preparation of Communication System
Preparation of Equipments
Establishment of Emergency Transportation System
Stockpiling of Goods
Support for Volunteers
Stand-by Plan
Strengthening of Community Activities---------------------------------major project
1. 8 Main Objectives and Major Projects of the Plan
The three main objectives and seven major projects of the plan are defined as;
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Objective 1: Making a Safer Caracas
(1) In order to protect human lives and properties from earthquake disasters, to reinforce the risky
buildings in the area.
(2) In order to protect function as the capital city from earthquake disasters, to reinforce risky bridges in
the area.
(3) In order to protect human lives and properties from debris flow disasters, to construct debris flow
control structures.
(4) In order to protect human lives and properties from earthquake disasters or sediment disasters, to
promote the people living in the risky area to resettle.
Objective 2: Acting Effectively in Emergency
(5) In order to protect human lives from sediment disasters, to establish an early warning and evacuation
system.
(6) In order to protect human lives, properties and function as the capital city, an emergency command
center is established as the center of disaster management.
Objective 3: Strengthening the Coordination between the Government and the Citizens
(7) In order to promote mitigation and preparation measures for disaster prevention, to strengthening the
community activities for disaster prevention.
1. 9 Organization Framework
Table S1-1.8.1 shows the organization framework for the disaster management of the Metropolitan District of Caracas.
1. 10 Natural Features of the Area
Refer to Chapter 2, 3 and 4 of the Main Report
1. 11 Earthquake Disaster Scenario
Refer to Chapter 3 and 6 of the Main Report
1. 12 Sediment Disaster Scenario
Refer to Chapter 4 and 6 of the Main Report
1. 13 Social Vulnerability of the Area
Refer to Chapter 5 of the Main Report
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emergency response
Fire Fighters, ADMC
Key actor Key actor Key actor - Key actor
Ministry of Infrastructure
CHAPTER 2. MITIGATION PLAN
2. 1 Policy
In the disaster management cycle, the mitigation measures are the firmest measures to reduce risk. Because of the necessity of a long term planning and comparatively large investment cost, this part of the disaster management cycle has not been focused in the area so far.
However, because of the significance of it, the mitigation measures take the first position in this disaster management plan. Mitigation is the first thing to be done for disaster prevention.
2. 2 Mitigation Measures
2. 2. 1. General
Mitigation measures are composed of “urban planning for invulnerable Caracas”, “seismic reinforcement of buildings”, “mitigation measures against sediment disasters”, “mitigation measures for dams”, “mitigation measures for transportation”, “mitigation measures for lifelines” and “mitigation measures for hazardous materials”.
The responsibility of mitigation measures lies in various related parties, from a ministry of the central government to an individual citizen who owns a house. In this plan, the policy of mitigation projects
S1 - 7
is described together with the institutional frame work for the implementation and the prospective financial sources.
2. 2. 2. Urban Planning for Less Vulnerable Caracas
(1) Land Use Planning
The land use planning shall be made by each municipality mayor, referring the hazard maps prepared by the Mayor of the ADMC. Mayors of the municipalities shall make efforts to encourage citizens living away from risk by applying the land use plan of the municipalities.
(Section in Charge of Urban Planning of Each Municipality)
(2) Housing Development Regulation
The application of housing development shall be permitted by each municipality mayor, referring the hazard maps prepared by the Mayor of the ADMC. Mayors of the municipalities shall make efforts to curtail further housing development in risky area in order to restrain the increase of the number of houses in risky areas.
(Engineers Department of Each Municipality)
(3) Resettlement from Risky Areas (one of the major projects)
The mayor of each municipality shall promote the resettlement of people in risky area along the mountain streams indicated in the debris flow hazard map prepared by the Mayor of the ADMC.
(Civil Protection Department of Each Municipality)
(4) Financial Sources
The financial sources for “urban planning for a strong Caracas” are proposed as shown in Table S1-2.2.1.
(5) Organization
The responsibilities for “urban planning for a strong Caracas” are proposed as shown in Table S1-2.2.2.
(6) Legal Background
The laws to support the project “urban planning for invulnerable Caracas” are as follows;
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- Official Gazette No.0016, 2003
(7) Items to be Included in National Disaster Prevention Plan 1) basic policy of “living away from risky area” 2) basic policy of preparation of hazard maps and land use planning 3) basic policy of housing development regulation 4) basic policy on resettlement of people from risky area 5) organization plan for the policy on “living away from risky area”.
(8) Items to be Included in Municipal Disaster Prevention Plan
Each municipality in the area shall include the following items in their disaster prevention plan 1) hazard maps prepared by the Mayor of the ADMC 2) land use planning 3) housing development regulation 4) resettlement plan of people in risky area
2. 2. 3. Seismic Reinforcement of Buildings (one of the major projects)
(1) Basic Policy
Seismic reinforcement of buildings is the most important project in this disaster management plan. It is the only certain way to save lives of the people in case of an earthquake. The retrofitting policy is defined taking into account the importance of each building in terms of function and significance.
(2) Reinforcement of Command Center Buildings
For the uninterrupted effective disaster management, the command center buildings should be strong enough to withstand the most severe disaster scenario.
The buildings falling into this category are as follows;
- the emergency command center of the central government
- the emergency command center of ADMC
- the office of the president of the country
- the office of the mayor of the ADMC
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- the office of the Ministry of Interior and Justice
- the office of the National Civil Protection
- the office of the Metropolitan Civil Protection
- the office of the Municipality Civil Protection
This category has the first priority. The building code to be applied for reinforcement is 2001 building code.
(central government and local government)
(3) Reinforcement of Other Government Buildings for Disaster Management
Other government buildings for disaster management operation are also strong enough to withstand the most severe disaster scenario.
- the offices of fire fighters of ADMC
- the offices of the Metropolitan Police
- the offices of the Municipality Police
- public schools for emergency evacuation buildings
- public and private hospitals for medical treatment services
This category has the second priority. The building code to be applied for reinforcement is 2001 building code.
(central government and local government)
(4) Reinforcement of Public Buildings
There are many public buildings in the area, which are privately owned but have public natures. These buildings shall have strength enough to protect the human lives in a large number.
The buildings falling into this category are as follows
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- other buildings for public assembly
This category has the third priority. The building code to be applied for reinforcement is 2001 building code.
(owners of the buildings, central government and local government)
(5) Reinforcement of Apartment Buildings
There exist many public and private apartment buildings where a large number of families live in one building. Considering the significant effect of such buildings once they collapse, they require more strength
- apartment buildings with the number of apartment five or more
This category has the fourth priority. The building code to be applied for reinforcement is 2001 building code.
(6) Reinforcement of Private Houses in Formal Urban Areas
Private flat houses are the majority in the formal area. In order to reduce the risk of loss of human lives, reinforcement of private flat houses in the formal area are promoted according to the different way from public buildings.
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The building code to be applied for reinforcement can be selected by the owner of each building depend upon the degree of conservativity against earthquake risks. The owner shall be able to access to hazard maps prepared by the Mayor of the ADMC as well as the alternative reinforcement methodologies prepared by the municipal mayors.
The Civil Protection of the ADMC and the Civil Protection of each municipality government shall promote reinforcement of private houses in urban area through publication and education.
This category has the fifth priority and the building code to be applied for reinforcement is selected by the building owners but 2001 building code is recommended.
(7) Reinforcement of Barrio Houses
Barrio houses are the most vulnerable houses in the area in terms of damage function. In order to save the large number of lives of the people living in barrio area, the central and the local government shall make efforts to promote reinforcement of barrio houses, through community education, promotion of community activity and enforcement of incentives as subsidy of the cost.
The category has the fifth priority and the reinforcement method shall be recommended by the relevant authorities of the government.
(8) Technical Procedure for Reinforcement
The technical procedure for reinforcement shall be composed of four steps as; 1st step rapid visual screening
2nd step detail seismic evaluation
3rd step seismic reinforcement design
4th step seismic reinforcement
The financial sources for the series of procedures for each category of buildings are shown in Table S1-2.2.3.
(10) Promotions
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- In order to promote reinforcement of risky buildings in barrio, the Ministry of Housing and Habitat shall include reinforcement plan of barrio houses when they prepare barrio renewal programs.
2) Municipality Mayors
In order to promote reinforcement of risky buildings, the mayors of the municipalities shall take the following measures;
- to designate “official notice sign of seismic safety” and let the owner of the public buildings to put the notice sign at the entrance of the building once the building is verified as strong enough or once the building is reinforced.
- to reduce property tax on the conditions that the building is strong enough or the building was reinforced.
(11) Organization
The organizations in charge of this reinforcement of buildings are shown in Table S1-2.2.4.
(12) Legal Background
(13) Items to be Included in National Disaster Prevention Plan
1) basic policy on reinforcement of risky buildings
2) building code to be applied
3) basic policy on incentives for reinforcement of buildings
4) organization plan for the policy on reinforcement of risky buildings
Each municipality in the area shall include the following items in their disaster prevention plan
1) hazard maps prepared by the Mayor of the ADMC
2) rapid visual screening plan
3) reinforcement plan of the municipality
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(1) Debris Flow Control Structures (one of the major projects)
The central government shall make efforts to implement the construction of debris flow control structures in order to safeguard the human lives, properties and function as the capital city of the Metropolitan District of Caracas referring the proposal made by the Mayor of the ADMC.
(Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources)
(2) Improvement of Drainage Structures in Barrio Area
The Mayors of municipalities shall make efforts to improve drainage structures of the barrio area in order to safeguard the human lives and properties as proposed by the Mayor of the ADMC and the Central University of Venezuela.
(Engineers Department, Each Municipality)
(3) Steep Slope Failure and Landslide Prevention Structures
The Mayors of municipalities shall make efforts to implement the construction of steep slope failure and landslide prevention structures in order to safeguard the human lives, property and function as the capital city of the Metropolitan District of Caracas proposed by the Mayor of the ADMC.
The Ministry of Infrastructure shall make efforts to implement the construction of steep slope failure and landslide prevention structures in order to safeguard the function of major road network in the Metropolitan District of Caracas.
(Engineers Department of Each Municipality, Ministry of Infrastructure)
(4) Conservation of Mountain Areas
The Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources shall make efforts to conserve the forest of the sources of the mountain streams in order to impede the occurrence of debris flow from the mountain area.
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- Environment Law
- Law of the National Organization of Civil Protection and Administration of Disasters
1) basic policy of sediment disaster prevention in the whole country
2) organization plan for sediment disaster prevention in the whole country
Each municipality in the area shall include the following items in their disaster prevention plan
1) hazard maps prepared by the Mayor of the ADMC
2) improvement plan of barrio drainage structures in the area
3) improvement plan of risky slopes in the area
2. 2. 5. Mitigation Measures for Dams
(1) Dam Safety
The owner of the dams in the area shall investigate the safety of their dams taking into account the disaster scenario earthquakes and disaster scenario rainfalls proposed by the Mayor of the ADMC. The owner of the dams also shall implement necessary measures to enhance the safety of the dams in case they found any deficiency of dame safety after investigation.
(Hydrocapital)
The owner of the dams will investigate and implement the safety measures by their own expenses.
(3) Organization
The owner of the dams in the area is Hydrocapital and they are in charge of the project.
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1) basic policy on dam safety in the whole country
2) organization plan for dam safety
None
2. 2. 6. Mitigation Measures for Transportation
(1) Roads (one of the major projects)
The owners of the road shall diagnose the safety of all the important bridges in the area considering the earthquake scenario of 1812 and shall make efforts to implement reinforcement of those bridges.
(Ministry of Infrastructure, municipalities)
(2) Metro
The owner of Metro shall diagnose the safety of the structure of Metro according to the 1812 earthquake scenario prepared by the Mayor of the ADMC and shall make efforts to implement reinforcement of those structures.
The owner of Metro shall diagnose the safety of the entrances of Metro stations according to the 100 year debris flow scenario prepared by the ADMC and shall make efforts to implement necessary measures to avoid submergences of stations by flood water.
(Metro company)
(3) Airport and Heliport
Owners of airport and heliport shall diagnose the safety of the structures of airports and heliports according to the 1812 earthquake scenario prepared by the Mayor of the ADMC and shall make efforts to reinforce the structures if it is necessary.
(Air Force, Private owners)
The financial sources for improvement of facilities considering the disaster scenarios are owners of the facilities.
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(5) Organization
The Mayor of the ADMC shall make recommendations to the owner of the facilities above to improve their facilities taking into account the risk simulated by the Mayor of the ADMC.
Organizations in charge of the improvement of the facilities considering the disaster scenarios are owner of the facilities.
1) basic policy on mitigation measures for transportation in the country
2) organization plan for mitigation measures for transportation
1) assessment result of road and bridge safety against earthquake scenarios
2) improvement plan of road and bridges in the municipalities
2. 2. 7. Mitigation Measures for Lifelines
(1) Electricity
Owners of electricity facilities in the area shall make efforts to diagnose the safety of the system based on 1812 earthquake scenario and proposed methodology by the Mayor of the ADMC and shall make efforts to reinforce necessary part of the system.
(Electricity Company of Venezuela)
(2) Gas
Owners of gas supply facilities in the area shall make efforts to diagnose the safety of the system based on 1812 earthquake scenario and proposed methodology by the Mayor of the ADMC and shall make efforts to reinforce necessary part of the system.
(PDVSA)
(3) Communication
Owners of telecommunication facilities in the area shall make efforts to diagnose the safety of the system based on 1812 earthquake scenario and proposed methodology by the Mayor of the ADMC and shall make efforts to reinforce necessary part of the system.
(CANTV, NetUNO, Telcel)
(4) Water Supply
Owners of water supply facilities in the area shall make efforts to diagnose the safety of the system based on 1812 earthquake scenario and proposed methodology by the Mayor of the ADMC and shall make efforts to reinforce necessary part of the system.
(Hydrocapital, IMAS)
(5) Sewerage
Owners of water sewerage facilities in the area shall make efforts to diagnose the safety of the system based on 1812 earthquake scenario and proposed methodology by the Mayor of the ADMC and shall make efforts to reinforce necessary part of the system.
(Hydrocapital, IMAS)
The owner of the public facilities have to check the safety of their facilities and have to take necessary measures considering the public nature of their facilities.
(7) Organization
The Mayor of the ADMC shall make recommendations to the owner of the facilities above to improve their facilities taking into account the risk simulated by the Mayor of the ADMC.
Organizations in charge of the improvement of the facilities considering the disaster scenarios are owner of the facilities.
1) basic policy on mitigation measures for lifelines in the country
2) organization plan for mitigation measures for lifelines in the country
None
(1) Gas Station
The owners of gas station shall make efforts to diagnose the safety of their facilities considering the 1812 earthquake scenario prepared by the Mayo of the ADMC and take necessary measures if necessary.
The owners of gas station have to check the safety of their facilities and have to take necessary measures considering the public nature of their facilities.
(3) Organization
The owner of gas station is responsible for all the countermeasures.
1) basic policy on mitigation measures for hazardous materials
2) organization plan on mitigation measures for hazardous materials
2. 3 Promotion of Research for Mitigation Measures
2. 3. 1. Research on Earthquake Disaster Prevention
(1) Research on Seismic Building Reinforcement
FUNVISIS and other research institutions on earthquake engineering shall make efforts to research on seismic reinforcement of building in the area. Much effort shall be needed for research on vulnerability of barrio houses and reinforcement techniques of barrio houses.
(FUNVISIS)
(2) Research on Seismic Bridge Reinforcement
FUNVISIS, the Technical Committee that elaborates the COVENIN norms and other research institutes on earthquake engineering shall make efforts to research on seismic reinforcement of bridges in the area.
(FUNVISIS)
(1) Research on Debris Flow Control Structures
Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources and other research institutes on sediment control structures shall make efforts to research on sediment control structures in the area.
(2) Research on Urban Drainage Structures in Formal Urban Area
Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources, each municipalities and other research institutions on urban drainage structures shall make efforts to diagnoses the configuration of urban drainage structures in the area to access the drainage capacity and problems of urban drainage in the area considering the debris flow scenario prepared by the Mayor of the ADMC.
(3) Research on Drainage Structures in Barrio Area
Ministry of Infrastructure, the Central University of Venezuela, municipalities shall make efforts to research on better methods of drainage improvement of barrio area.
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Table S1-2.2.1 Financial Sources for “Urban Planning for a Stronger Caracas” Item Financial Sources
Land Use Planning Municipality government Housing Development Regulation Municipality government
Resettlement from Risky Areas Municipality government, Ministry of Housing
Table S1-2.2.2 Responsibility Table for “Urban Planning for a Stronger Caracas” Organization Responsibility
Metropolitan Civil Protection -Preparation of hazard maps and risk maps Secretary of Urban Planning and
Environment, ADMC -Coordination among municipalities
Urban Planning Dep. of Each Municipality
Engineers Department of Each Municipality
Civil Protection Department of Each Municipality
-Preparation of a land use plan -Enforcement of the land use plan -Regulation of housing development -Resettlement of people living in risky area
Table S1-2.2.3 Financial Sources for Reinforcement of Buildings Command
Center Buildings
Barrio Houses
Design government government Owner Owner Owner Owner Reinforcement government government Owner Owner Owner Owner
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Ministry of Housing - legislation of policy and procedure for seismic
reinforcement of buildings
- to implement barrio improvement projects FUNVISIS - establishment of building code
- establishment of rapid visual screening method Metropolitan government - preparation of risk maps of ADMC
- preparation of ordinances for the purpose
- preparation of barrio houses reinforcement policy
- to implement government building reinforcement
Municipality government - preparation of ordinances for the purpose
- rapid visual screening
- to implement government building reinforcement
Private consultants - detail seismic diagnosis
- design of seismic reinforcement
and apartment buildings
policy of the government
front of their buildings
houses
structures Drainage Structures
Prevention Structures
Implementation MARN Municipality Municipality/Ministry of Infrastructure Maintenance Municipality Municipality Municipality/Ministry of Infrastructure
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Table S1-2.2.6 Organization for Construction of Mitigation Measures for Sediment Disaster
Organization Responsibility
debris flow control structures
- watershed management FUNVISIS/INGEOMIN - study on risky slopes
Metropolitan Civil Protection - identification of risky slopes
Municipality Office - maintenance of debris flow control structures
- slope protection structures
3. 1 Policy
In disaster management cycle, the preparation measures are essential for effective emergency response. Therefore, the preparation for emergency response comes after the mitigation measures in the disaster management plan.
3. 2 Preparation Plan
3. 2. 1. Organization
The organization set up for preparation plan for emergency response is defined according to the level of the institution, namely, the Metropolitan level and the municipality level.
(1) Organization of ADMC
The organizations of preparation for emergency response in the ADMC are described below.
- Mayor
- Operation Control Center
- Metropolitan Civil Protection
- Metropolitan Police
1) Mayor
The Mayor of the ADMC is the maximum executive authority on the matter of civil protection and disaster attention as defined in the Law of the National Organization of Civil Protection and Administration of Disasters;
The Governor and the Mayor in their respective territorial ambits are the maximum executive authority on the matter of Civil Protection and Disasters Attention
2) Coordination Committee for Civil Protection and Disaster Management
The Law of the National Organization of Civil Protection and Administration of Disasters says;
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The State and Municipalities will have to structure and maintain a Coordination Committee of Civil Protection and Administration of Disasters
The function of the “Coordination Committee for Civil Protection and Disaster Management” is defined in the DECREE No. 219, dated 4th of March of 2004 as;
The Metropolitan Coordinator Committee of Civil Protection and Disasters Administration has the following functions: (1) To plan, coordinate and develop activities with the agencies of the national, state and
municipal public powers, likewise with public and/or private institutions. (2) To promote and coordinate the measures for the prevention, education, protection,
mitigation, attention, recovery and administration from disasters in the Metropolitan District of Caracas.
3) Operation Control Center
a) Organization of Operation Control Center
The Mayor of the ADMC shall designate the Operation Control Center (OCC), which has a command function of emergency response during the emergency situation of natural disasters.
The organization of the Operation Control Center is as follows;
Head; the Mayor of the ADMC Location; the Emergency Command Center (to be constructed newly) Organization; - command unit the Mayor of the ADMC the Secretary of Citizen Security - planning unit the Director of Metropolitan Civil Protection - operation unit the Firefighter Brigade Major of the ADMC the Metropolitan Police General Director the Secretary of Health - logistic unit the Secretary of General Affairs - financial unit the Secretary of Finance
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- Command Unit
This unit functions as the commander of all the disaster management organizations of the ADMC during the emergency. The chief commander is the Mayor of the ADMC and the assistant commander is the Secretary of Citizen Security of the ADMC.
- Planning Unit
This unit functions as the planning force including data collection, data analysis and emergency plan for effective response during the emergency. This unit shall provide the command unit with proper information, which facilitates the command unit to give correct judgment.
- Operation Unit
This unit functions as the operation unit under the command unit and act effectively during the emergency situation.
- Logistics Unit
This unit functions for the logistic operation during the emergency period and facilitate the whole function of the Operation Control Center.
- Finance Unit
This unit functions as financial support during the emergency period and enable the Operation Control Center to implement necessary measures to cope with the situation.
4) Metropolitan Civil Protection
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The responsibility of metropolitan civil protection is defined as follows in the Law of the National Organization of Civil Protection and Administration of Disasters;
To Define and approve the plans of civil protection, preparation and attention of disasters of the states and municipalities, in accordance with the guidelines emanated from the National Coordinating Committee of Civil Protection and Administration of Disasters
- To contribute with functional and operational resources for the services of prevention and fire-fighting, and of search and rescue that exist within the geographic areas of their responsibility.
- The promotion and development of citizen self-protection.
- To design plans and develop educational and training programs for the communities in local practice of risk management and civil defense.
- The promotion and functional support in the development and maintenance in training and qualification of the personnel of services, which are related to the Civil Protection and Administration of Disasters.
5) Fire Fighters and Police
The responsibilities of fire fighters and police are defined as follows in the Law of the National Organization of Civil Protection and Administration of Disasters;
Organizations of Primary Attention: These are the agencies of Citizen Security whose natural mission is the attention of emergencies, such is the case of the bodies of policemen and firemen.
(2) Organization of Other Institutions
The responsibilities of national institutions, private companies of utilities, and other support agencies shall be defined in the National Disaster Prevention Plan.
1) Ministries and Private Companies of Utilities
The Law of the National Organization of Civil Protection and Administration of Disasters says,
Organizations of Secondary Attention: These are public or private institutions that, by virtue of their specialty or resources and in the presence of an emergency, can be called by the Organizations of primary attention to collaborate in the attention.
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2) Red Cross, Universities and others
Organization of Support: These are public or private institutions that, of eventual manner, may contribute resources or necessary information in the process of protection and administration of disasters.
(3) Organization of municipalities
The governments of the states and municipalities will have to count with their own Organizations of Civil Protection and Administration of Disasters in accordance with the present Law Decree.
The State and Municipalities will have to structure and maintain a Coordination Committee of Civil Protection and Administration of Disasters
The organizations of preparation for emergency response in the municipalities are described below. The responsibilities of these organizations shall be defined in the Municipality Disaster Prevention Plan.
- Coordination Committee for Civil Protection and Disaster Management
- Municipality Civil Protection
(1) Trainings
The Mayor of the ADMC shall give training to all the personnel of the organization in order to act effectively in the case of emergency for disaster management.
The training will include comprehension of the disaster management plan, especially the disaster scenarios presented in the form of hazard maps and risk maps.
(Metropolitan Civil Protection)
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(2) Drills
The Mayor of the ADMC shall organize emergency response drills in order to train the personnel of ADMC and the citizens in the case of disaster emergency. The participants for the drills are the ADMC, the municipalities, lifeline owners, community disaster prevention organizations, schools and volunteers.
The Metropolitan Protection Civil shall prepare a manual to be used by the Metropolitan government personnel in order to instruct them how to act effectively in emergency cases.
(Metropolitan Civil Protection Department)
1) drills on maps
- The Metropolitan Civil Protection shall organize emergency drills on maps including related governmental agencies in order to practice effective emergency response.
- The Municipal Civil Protection shall organize emergency drills on maps including community in order to practice effective emergency response.
2) drills in the field
- The Metropolitan Civil Protection shall organize an emergency drill in the field, once a year during the first week of May, including related governmental agencies in order to practice effective emergency response.
- The Municipal Civil Protection shall organize emergency drills in the field including community in order to practice effective emergency response, aiming on the same day when the Metropolitan Civil Protection organizes a drill in the field.
(Metropolitan Civil Protection Department, Municipal Civil Protection)
3. 2. 3. Establishment of Regional Network for Emergency Response
(1) Agreement of Mutual Cooperation with Neighbor States
The Mayor the ADMC shall make efforts to establish agreements with neighbor states such as Vargas State and Miranda State for mutual cooperation during emergency cases considering the earthquake scenario of 1967.
The agreements will include the following items;
- provision of required materials and equipments for emergency response and emergency recovery
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(2) Agreement of Mutual Cooperation among Five Municipalities
The Mayor of the ADMC shall make efforts to collaborate for implementation of agreements among five municipality mayors for mutual cooperation during emergency cases considering the earthquake scenario of 1967.
- provision of required materials and equipments for emergency response and emergency recovery
- provision of required goods for emergency response
- dispatch of personnel for emergency response operations
3. 2. 4. Establishment of Emergency Response Facilities
(1) Utilization of Existing Parks in the Area
The public parks in the area are valuable resources for emergency evacuation spaces. The Mayor of the ADMC shall make efforts to establish agreements with the park administrators so that those resources can be fully utilized during emergency.
- definition of the occasion when the park is utilized as emergency evacuation place
- condition of the utilization of the park
- security of the area during the time when it is used as emergency evacuation place
- the maximum duration that can be utilized as evacuation place
- introduction of police force to keep the order in the area
- publication of the name of the parks for dissemination of the information
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(2) Utilization of Existing Large Public Spaces in the Area
The Mayor of the AMDC shall make efforts to establish agreements with the owners of the large public spaces so that those resources can be fully utilized in the case of emergency.
The large public spaces to be designated as the emergency evacuation spaces are as follows;
- definition of the occasion when the building is utilized as emergency evacuation place
- condition of the utilization of the building
- security of the building during the time when it is used as emergency evacuation place
- publication of the name of the buildings for dissemination of the information
(3) Utilization of Existing Public School Buildings in the Area
The public school buildings means those schools with open spaces for evacuation space such as a gymnasium or a school yard.
The Mayor of the AMDC shall make efforts to establish agreements with the owners of the public school buildings so that those resources can be fully utilized in the case of emergency.
- definition of the occasion when the building is utilized as emergency evacuation place
- condition of the utilization of the building
- security of the building during the time when it is used as emergency evacuation place
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- publication of the name of the buildings for dissemination of the information
(4) Community Emergency Evacuation Spaces
The Mayor of the ADMC shall make efforts to establish community emergency evacuation spaces for each community collaborating with municipality mayors. The Mayor of the ADMC shall propose the necessary spaces and locations of community emergency spaces to the municipality mayors.
The municipality mayors shall make efforts to establish agreements with the owner of the buildings for the utilization of the buildings for such purpose.
(5) Emergency Evacuation Spaces in Neighbor States
The Mayor of the ADMC shall make efforts to establish agreements with governors of neighbor states on the provision of emergency evacuation space considering the scenario of 1967 earthquake.
3. 2. 5. Preparation of Equipments
The municipality mayors and the Mayor of the ADMC shall make efforts to establish stockpiling of equipments necessary for emergency response. Required equipments are categorized as;
(1) equipments for people
- flood light
- air jack
- hydraulic jack
- gloves
The Mayor of the ADMC shall make efforts to establish stockpiling of equipments necessary for rescue operation in a large area.
equipments for rescue operation
3. 2. 6. Establishment of Medical Service System
(1) Establishment of Area Network Medical Service Center
The Mayor of the ADMC shall establish an area network medical service center in the area. This center shall have complete database of hospitals, clinics, doctors, nurses, ambulances together with the database of lifeline and road network. It also has the disaster management information database prepared by the Mayor of the ADMC by which the disaster scenario can be reviewed.
The Mayor of the ADMC shall direct dispatching of medical rescue teams and transporting patients in the case of emergency according to the information of the center.
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(2) Establishment of Area Medical Service Information Network
The Mayor of the ADMC shall make efforts to establish the information network on area medical service, which is based in the Area Network Medical Service Center.
(3) Establishment of Principle Hospitals for Emergency Medical Service
The Mayor of the ADMC shall make efforts to designate principle hospitals in the area for emergency medical service and shall make efforts to reinforce the buildings to the level where they will withstand the 1812 scenario and their medical service can be maintained in the case of emergencies.
(4) Stockpiling of Medicines
The Mayor of the ADMC shall make efforts to stockpile medicines for emergency use in the Area Network Medical Service Center or principle hospitals in the area. The stockpiling plan shall be prepared by the Area Network Medical Service Center taking into account the disaster scenario of 1967.
(5) Database of Doctors
The Area Network Medical Service Center shall carry out training for personnel on emergency rescue operation and emergency medical services.
The Area Network Medical Service Center shall have a database of doctors and volunteer doctors in order to mobilize in emergency.
3. 2. 7. Establishment of Emergency Transportation System
(1) Emergency Road Network
The Mayor of the ADMC shall make a plan of emergency road network considering the earthquake scenario of 1967. The police offices of the ADMC and municipality police offices shall make a plan of emergency road transportation according to the emergency road network plan prepared by the Mayor of the ADMC.
(2) Emergency Heliport
The Mayor of the ADMC shall establish a plan for emergency heliport in the area.
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(1) Policy
- During three days after a large scale disaster, it may be difficult to bring necessary goods from outside of the area and it is necessary to stockpile goods within the area.
- The Mayor of the ADMC and municipality mayors shall promote citizens to stockpile three days of foods, water and daily goods at home or at the office.
- The municipality mayors shall make efforts to stockpile goods for emergency service considering the earthquake scenario of 1967 prepared by the Mayor of the ADMC.
- The Mayor of the ADMC shall make efforts to supplement the stockpile of municipalities assuming the number of refugee from the scenario earthquake of 1967.
- The Mayor of the ADMC shall stockpile three days of foods for the emergency operation personnel of the ADMC.
(2) Foods
The target people for food stockpiling plan is as follows;
- Refugees in the evacuation place
- Citizens who can not cook at home because of damaged facilities
- People in hospitals or in hotels
- People engaged in rescue operation
3. 2. 9. Quick Screening of Damaged Buildings
(1) Establishment of System for Quick Screening of Damage Buildings
- The Mayor of the ADMC shall make efforts to establish a system for quick screening of damage buildings through the Coordination Committee for Disaster Management.
(2) Preparation of Manual for Quick Screening of Damaged Buildings
- FUNVISIS shall prepare a manual for quick screening of damaged buildings, which can be used by municipal engineers as well as individual engineers.
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- FUNVISIS shall prepare a manual for quick screening of damaged roads, especially damaged bridges, which can be used by municipal engineers as well as individual engineers.
- FUNVISIS shall prepare inventory of qualified engineers, who can work after a large earthquake and a large number of engineers are required for quick screening.
(3) Stockpiling of Required Equipments for Damage Building Screening
The Mayor of the ADMC, together with the mayors of municipalities, shall make efforts to stockpile equipments for quick screening of damaged buildings, such as quick screening sheets, stickers, detail map of the area, identification cards for personnel.
3. 2. 10. Early Warning and Evacuation System for Debris Flow Disaster Prevention (one of the major objectives)
(1) Organizations
The organizations for emergency response with early warning are defined as stated in the agreement signed among MARN, ADMC, Municipality Governments and UCV.
1) Responsibility of Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources
- Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (Caracas Regional Office of IMANEH, herein called IMANEH- CRO) has responsibility to collect and distribute the information on hydrology and meteorology such as weather synopsis, rainfall forecast by IMANEH radar system, real time rainfall amount and water level in river and mountain streams, which would become the factors on debris flow disasters.
- IMANEH-CRO shall issue the regional warning for the entire Caracas based on its own criteria.
- All the equipments for the hydro-meteorological data measurement shall be operated and maintained by IMANEH-CRO.
- IMANEH-CRO shall make suggestions and recommendation on technical part for the disaster prevention plan prepared by ADMC.
2) Responsibility of Metropolitan District of Caracas
- Metropolitan District of Caracas (herein after ADMC) has responsibility to establish Operation Control Center (herein after OCC) within the Metropolitan District of
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Caracas, manage, operate and finance the OCC and issue the local warning on the sediment disasters.
3) Responsibility of Municipalities
- Municipalities have responsibility to support the OCC in the part of human resources and logistics.
- Municipalities shall support the creation of self-disaster prevention groups in the communities.
4) Responsibility of Specific Organizations
- Specific organization such as Universities, public services will provide information and technical advises necessary for the operation of OCC.
5) Responsibility of Communities
- Communities have responsibility to create self-disaster prevention groups.
- Communities keep close communication with OCC in emergency and organize the people and execute the evacuation.
Communities shall observe water level and rainfall amount voluntarily both in normal time and emergency time and report those information to OCC.
(2) Preparation
The related agencies for the early warning and evacuation for sediment disaster prevention shall prepare for the emergency response according to the agreement made among.
3. 3 Promotion of Research for Preparation Measures
3. 3. 1. Seismic Observation Network
FUNVISIS shall make efforts to establish and develop the seismic observation network covering the area of the Metropolitan District of Caracas, in order to make quick and accurate observation of earthquake motion distribution in the area once an earthquake happen and to make quick assessment of actual damage in the area.
3. 3. 2. Meteorological/Hydrological Observation Network
The Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources shall develop the meteorological and hydrological observation network to cover the area of the Metropolitan District of Caracas and the
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surrounding area, in order for on-time and accurate observation of the phenomena and to make quick prediction of future phenomena to cause sediment disasters.
3. 3. 3. Research on Seismic Phenomenon
FUNVISIS shall make efforts to accumulate information of earthquake phenomena in the area, in order to improve the preparation measures for earthquake.
3. 3. 4. Research on Sediment Disaster Prevention
(1) Research on Debris Flow and Rainfall
The Minister of Environment and Natural Resources shall promote and develop the research on debris flow phenomena and rainfall amount in the area so that it will make the prediction and warning of debris flow in the area.
The Mayor of the ADMC shall make efforts to accumulate debris flow disaster information and input it to the disaster information system.
(2) Research on Steep Slope Failure and Landslide
The Minister of Environment and Natural Resources shall promote and develop the research on steep slope failure and landslide in the area so that it will make the prediction and warning of steep slope failure and landslide in the area.
The Mayor of the ADMC shall make efforts to accumulate steep slope failure and landslide disaster information and input it to the disaster information system.
CHAPTER 4. STAND-BY PLAN FOR EMERGENCY RESPONSE
4. 1 Policy
For effective emergency response, it is necessary to establish a system, which will shift the whole system from a normal stage to an emergency response stage. Especially, in the case of sediment disaster, the stand-by system for emergency response is very important
as the timing of this will determine the success of the early warning and evacuation process itself.
4. 2 Organization
The organizations related to the stand-by plan for the sediment disaster prevention are as follows;
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- organization in charge of uninterrupted observation
- organization in charge of analysis of the information sent from the organization (1) and judge the necessity to call the Operation Control Center
- Operation Control Center
4. 3. 1. Organization in Charge of Uninterrupted Observation
The Mayor of the ADMC shall designate one organization in the ADMC, where the office is operated 24 hours a day every week, who shall carry out uninterrupted observation of meteorological and hydrological information for the purpose of emergency organization initiative.
A technical committee shall prepare the protocol to be used by the “organization in charge of uninterrupted observation” when they have to send alert to the Head of Organization in Charge of Analysis of the Observed Information.
4. 3. 2. Organization in Charge of Analysis the Observed Information
The Metropolitan Civil Protection shall be the responsible organization, which shall receive information from the organization in charge of uninterrupted observation. The Metropolitan Civil Protection shall judge whether they should call the Operation Control Center. The Metropolitan Civil Protection, when it is judged as very urgent, is able to dispatch alert without the consent of the Operation Control Center.
4. 3. 3. Operation Control Center (OCC)
The Operation Control Center shall make command for any action for emergency response, including dispatching alert or recommendation of evacuation.
4. 3. 4. Shift to the Emergency Response Stage
Upon the call of the Operation Control Center, the stage of disaster management shall shift from the stand-by stage to the emergency response stage.
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5. 1 Policy
There are two cases in emergency response.
One case is like a big earthquake where the shock wave attacks the whole area without any warning and the whole system of emergency response should be mobilized as an emergency reaction.
Another case is like a debris flow disaster, where a long time symptom is observed before debris flow disaster happens, the emergency response is initiated by the judgment of alert.
5. 2 Organization for Emergency Response without Warning
5. 2. 1. Organizations Defined in the Law
The responsibilities of the organizations in the law are described in Chapter 3 of this plan.
5. 2. 2. Responsibility of the Operation Control Center
The responsibility of the Operation Control Center is defined in Chapter 3 of this Plan.
5. 2. 3. Mobilization of the Operation Control Center
The Operation Control Center shall be mobilized by the command of the head of the Operation Control Center (the Mayor of the ADMC) or by the request of the Director of the Metropolitan Civil Protection when it is necessary to mobilize the Operation Control Center.
5. 3 Organization for Emergency Response with Early Warning
5. 3. 1. Organization
Responsibilities of organizations for early warning and evacuation are defined in Chapter 3 of this plan.
5. 3. 2. Mobilization of OCC
The OCC shall be mobilized according to the Stand-by Plan for Emergency Response described in Chapter 4.
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(1) General
- Early Warning shall be issued in order to save the life and mitigate the damage for the property.
- The method to issue early warning, distribute the early warning, recommend the evacuation and cancel of the issued warnings shall be specified by the implementing law prepared in the committee on early warning.
- Nobody can use the similar early warning method.
(2) Collection and Distribution of Information
- All the involved organizations with early warning have to make efforts to collect and distribute information on sediment disaster.
(3) Issue of Warning
- There are two (2) kinds of warning in terms of its locality, namely regional warning and local warning. The regional warning shall be issued by the IMANEH-CRO for the region of entire Caracas based on the definition of IMANEH. The local warning shall be issued by OCC in ECC for specific areas in Caracas.
- The local warning shall be categorized into two (2) in terms of the seriousness. The categorization and the corresponding hydrological index such as critical rainfall shall be decided by the technical working group of the Committee on Early Warning in ADMC.
- When the head of OCC issues the local warning, he has to inform the issuing to the related organizations.
- When the Major of municipalities receives or knows the issued warning, he has to inform the issuing to the related organizations.
- If the issuing of warning needs the urgent operation, the head of OCC and the Major of municipalities can use some public utilities such as telephone lines and TV broadcasting stations exclusively.
- If the head of OCC and the Major of municipalities recognize the anticipated issuing of warning, they can order the Fire Fighter Department of ADMC and Civil Protection of
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municipalities to standby or request the Police Department of ADMC to prepare some necessary operations.
(4) Issue of Evacuation
- The OCC will make recommendation on evacuation for the subjective communities based on the level of local warning.
- The Major of the municipality in which the communities are recommended to evacuate by the OCC has to order the Police and Fire Fighter of the municipality to conduct some necessary operations.
(5) Cancellation of Local Warning
- The OCC will cancel the issued local warning based on the weather synopsis provided by the IMANEH-CRO and the local hydrological information observed by communities. The OCC has to inform the cancellation to the public widely.
5. 4 Collection and Transformation of Information on Damage
5. 4. 1. Collection of Information on Natural Phenomena
The Planning Unit of the OCC shall collect information on natural phenomena, which caused the disaster and identify the mechanism of the disaster.
The information sources for the natural phenomena are as follows;
(1) Earthquake Information
- FUNVISIS shall observe the earthquake phenomena in the area by their observation network and shall provide the Metropolitan Civil Protection with the information on the earthquake affecting the Metropolitan District of Caracas.
- FUNVISIS shall dispatch information on the earthquake to the Metropolitan Civil Protection as well as mass media immediately after getting information.
(2) Meteorological / Hydrological Information
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- the Planning Unit of the OCC shall interpret the meteorological / Hydrological information provided by the MARN and shall refer the criteria values proposed by the Standing Committee in order to give information for judgment on emergency response.
5. 4. 2. Quick Estimation of Damage Distribution Using the Simulation Result
The Planning Unit of the OCC shall make quick estimation of damage distribution by using the simulation results prepared by the Mayor of the ADMC in the case of earthquake disasters and the sediment disasters.
5. 4. 3. Collection of Information on Human Casualties
The Planning Unit of the OCC shall make efforts to assess the magnitude and distribution of human casualties in the whole area in order to make a proper response plan during emergency.
Information on human casualties shall come from communities, polices and fire fighters.
5. 4. 4. Collection of Information on Building Damage
The Planning Unit of the OCC shall make efforts to collect information on building damage distribution in the area in order to estimate the human casualty distribution and to make rescue operation plan.
5. 4. 5. Collection of Information on Transportation Damage
The responsible agencies for transportation shall make efforts to collect information on damage to the transportation system in charge and transmit information to the Metropolitan Civil Protection.
5. 4. 6. Collection of Information on Lifelines Damage
The responsible agencies of lifeline shall make efforts to collect information on damage on the lifelines in charge and report to the Metropolitan Civil Protection.
5. 4. 7. Quick Screening of Damaged Buildings
The mayor of the municipalities shall organize a team for “quick screening of damage buildings” composed of engineers of each municipality and registered engineers by the Mayor of the ADMC.
The team shall use the manual prepared by FUNVISIS on quick screening of damage buildings.
(1) Implementation Program
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Mayors of the municipalities shall establish a group of engineers to perform the task.
2) Target Buildings
Target buildings are all buildings, which suffered from earthquake damage in the area.
3) Methodology
The mayors of the municipalities shall make quick screening of damaged buildings according to the manual.
When the damage is very large, the mayors of the municipalities can request for help from the Mayor of the ADMC or the national government.
4) Report
The result of the screening shall be reported to the Mayor of the ADMC and shall be utilized for rehabilitation and redevelopment purpose.
5. 4. 8. Quick Screening of Damaged Bridges
(1) Implementation of Quick Screening
The Ministry of Infrastructure shall conduct quick screening of damage bridges by their engineers and consultants based on the standard and the operation manual prepared by FUNVISIS.
(2) Judgment of Utility
The Ministry of Infrastructure shall judge the usability of all the road system under the administration of the ministry according to the result of the screening.
(3) Plan of Emergency Road Network
The Ministry of Infrastructure shall make a plan of emergency road network together with the Metropolitan Police as well as the Municipality Police by the coordination of the Metropolitan Civil Protection.
(4) Report of the Emergency Road Network Plan
The Ministry of Infrastructure shall make a report of the emergency road network to the Metropolitan Civil Protection for the use of the emergency response plan.
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5. 5. 1. Request of Help from National Government Agencies
The Mayor of the ADMC can request of help from the national governmental agencies according to the agreement, which have been made between the Mayor of the ADMC and the governmental agencies.
When such request is made, the Mayor of the ADMC shall make the following points clear;
- the reason why the help is required
- required number of personnel, equipments, materials
- the place where the help is required
- the rout where the help comes into the area
- the duration of help and other things
1Request of Help from Other States
The Mayor of the ADMC can request of help from the other states according to the agreement, which have been made between the Mayor of the ADMC and the other states.
- Provision of foods, water and other daily goods.
- Provision of equipments for rescue operation, medical service and sanitation
- Provision of materials and equipments for rehabilitation
- Provision of personnel required for medical service, technical service, engineering works, information collection and information transmission.
- Provision of evacuation spaces and acceptance of injured people
- Other items especially requested
When such request is made, the Mayor of the ADMC shall make the following points clear;
- Damage condition
- Items and quantities of goods required and the destination, transportation measures and rout of transportation
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- Activities, professionals and numbers of personnel required. The places of work, duration of work and the transportation measures to the place.
5. 6 Early Warning, Evacuation and Rescue Operation
5. 6. 1. Early Warning
Organizations related to the early warning are;
- National Civil Protection
- Metropolitan Distict of Caracas
(1) Responsibility of National Civil Protection
National Civil Protection is responsible for the national level coordination among MARN, ADMC and Municipalities.
(2) Responsibility of Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources
- Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (Caracas Regional Office of INAMEH, herein called INAMEH- CRO) has responsibility to collect and distribute the information on hydrology and meteorology such as weather synopsis, rainfall forecast by INAMEH radar system, real time rainfall amount and water level in river and mountain streams, which would become the factors on sediment disasters.
- INAMEH-CRO will issue the regional warning for the entire Caracas Metropolitan Area based on its own criteria.
- All equipment for the hydro-meteorological data measurement will be operated and maintained by INAMEH-CRO.
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- INAMEH-CRO will make suggestions and recommendation on technical part for the disaster prevention plan prepared by the ADMC.
(3) Responsibility of Metropolitan District of Caracas
- Metropolitan District of Caracas (herein after ADMC) has responsibility to establish an Operation Control Center (herein after OCC) within the Metropolitan District of Caracas. The function of the OCC is to issue the local warning on the sediment disasters. The OCC will be specified project in the Disaster Prevention Plan prepared by ADMC.
(4) Responsibility of Municipalities
- Municipalities have the responsibility and the obligation to support the OCC directories in regards to operations and logistics.
- Municipalities shall support the creation of self-directed (managed) prevention groups in the communities.
(5) Responsibility of Specific Organizations
- Specific organization such as Universities, public services will provide information and technical advises necessary for the operation of OCC.
(6) Responsibility of Communities
- Communities groups in the municipalities have responsibility to create self-directed prevention groups.
- Communities groups shall appoint representatives to work with the OCC in emergency and organize the people and execute the prevention measures and evacuation.
- Communities shall observe water level and rainfall amount voluntarily both in normal time and emergency time and report those information to OCC.
5. 6. 2. Evacuation
(2) Evacuation
- debris flow is expected or is occurring
- steep slope failure or landslide is expected or is occurring
- evacuation is required from public places such as schools, hospitals, factories and other places.
2) criteria of recommendation
- the OCC shall dispatch recommendation of evacuation to the residents when a disaster happens or a disaster is about to happen and it is necessary to evacuate the residents in order to safeguard the lives and bodies of the residents.
3) contents of recommendation
The OCC shall transmit the following information so that it will quicken the evacuation actions and will secure the safety of residents.
- name of the area where recommendation of evacuation dispatched
4) Measures to transmit recommendation
The OCC shall transmit recommendation through a method discussed between the OCC and the municipality civil protection.
5. 6. 3. Rescue Operation and Medical Services
(1) Rescue Operation
- ADMC shall coordinate the rescue operation of municipalities.
- Municipalities shall coordinate the rescue operation activities of different agencies.
2) Responsibility of ADMC
3) responsibility of Police
- search of missing people
- execute rescue operation according to their rescue plan
- to request the ADMC for help in rescue operation stating the following items; - reason for help - number of personnel and equipments, materials - location - duration - others
5) Fire Fighters’ Department
- fire fighters’ department will do rescue operations
- the Mayor of the ADMC shall request help from neighbor fire fighters’ department
6) community organization, private companies and residents
- community organizations, private companies and residents shall do rescue operation themselves and at the same time cooperate with governmental organizations for rescue operation
(2) Pre-hospital Activities
2) responsibility of each organization
a) discovery of injured people and report to the related agencies
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The organization or person which got information on number of injured people has to report to the police, the fire fighters or hospitals, with the information on date, damage situation and number of injured or dead people.
b) rescue operation
The police or the fire fighters shall dispatch rescue operation team to the site when they received the information with necessary equipments.
c) transportation of injured people from the field to hospitals The organization in charge of transport of injured people shall dispatch ambulances to the site with the required personnel to transport the injured people. When the number of ambulances is not enough, the following measures shall be taken;
- utilization of other type of vehicles - request of help from neighbor municipalities
- When the organizations in charge of transport of injured people judge that transport by helicopters is required, they shall make request to the Mayor of the ADMC to coordinate for dispatching helicopters from related organizations.
(3) Medical Services
1) Planning Agency ADMC, Secretaria de Salud MSDS PAHO Red Cross Public hospitals Private clinics Ambulatories PC Met PC in each municipality Hydrocapital Private companies
2) Implementing Agency ADMC, Secretaria de Salud MSDS
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Public hospitals Private clinics Ambulatories PC Met PC in each municipality
5. 7 Transportation
(1) Information Collection on Road Damage and Road Traffic
after the earthquake, road administrators and police departments shall make efforts to collect information on road damage and road traffic
(2) traffic control
Based on the information collected, the road administrators and the police department shall take necessary measures such as traffic control or closure of roads.
5. 7. 2. Emergency Transportation
(1) Organizations
- all disaster prevention organization shall make emergency transportation
- the Mayor of ADMC shall obtain tracks from the track association based on the agreement.
(2) Basic policy of emergency transport
All measures have to be implemented based on the following principle and exclusive use of emergency route by official users should be considered;
- security of human lives
- prevention of disaster enlargement
1) 1st stage
personnel and equipments for fire fighting
disaster management personnel of governments, personnel and equipments for first response to secure communication, electricity, gas and water services
seriously injured people to outside of the area
personnel and equipments required for recovery of transportation and traffic control
2) 2nd stage
continuation of -1)
food, water and other goods for lives of the people
injured people and refugees to outside of the area
3) 3rd stage
continuation of -2)
daily goods
(4) monitoring of emergency transportation
The Mayor of the ADMC shall make efforts to collect information on emergency transportation rout to determine the function to define the use of the emergency transportation.
5. 8 Accommodation
5. 8. 1. Items Included in the Plan
The items to be included in the plan are as follows;
- set up of refugee camps
- set up of vacant houses
- designation of special area where the building code is not applied for the purpose of emergency recovery action
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- designation of prohibition area where no houses are constructed in order to avoid resettlement of people to the original risky place
- provision of construction materials
5. 8. 2. Organizations
The mayors of municipalities shall construct and maintain the emergency false houses for refugees. In case of the scale of the disaster is very large and it is difficult for mayors of municipalities to implement the work, the Mayor of the ADMC shall make efforts to do the job.
5. 8. 3. Beneficiaries
- residents who can not afford to acquire accommodation by themselves
5. 8. 4. Number of Temporary Houses
The number of temporary houses shall be within 30% of the total number of houses completely destroyed.
5. 8. 5. Methodology
- the mayor of the municipalities shall prepared places where enough space is provided to accommodate the temporary houses taking into account the damage estimation of 1967 earthquake simulation prepared by the Mayor of the ADMC.
- The mayors of the municipalities shall select proper places away from any risk
- The Mayor of the ADMC shall make agreement with construction association on the provision of emergency temporary houses and shall help the mayors of the municipalities to construct emergency temporary houses.
- the municipality mayors can request help from the Mayor of the ADMC to construct temporary houses showing the following information
- number of houses destroyed
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- person in charge
- other information
- the Mayor of the ADMC can request neighbor states or central government for help to construct temporary houses when it is required.
- the structure of the temporary houses shall be designed considering the convenience of the residents such as elder people, handicapped people.
5. 8. 6. Provision of Vacant Public Apartments
(1) Houses to be Used
All public

FINAL REPORT SUPPORTING REPORT

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