FOOT STEP POWER GENERATION SYSTEM

PROJECT REPORTAPRIL-2014

Submitted by

NAME REGISTER NUMBER

R.DEEPAK RAJ ANAND 12201769

R.ESWARAMOORTHI 12201773

R.K.GUNASEKARAN 12201776

K.KARTHIK KUMAR

12201783

D.MANIKANDAN

12201785

A.VIGNESH

12201802

In partial fulfilment of the requirements of the award of

DIPLOMA IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

of the

STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING

CHENNAI-600 025

Under the Guidance of

Mr.M.KULOTHUNGAN, M.E., MISTE.HOD/MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (SANDWICH)

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

CIT SANDWICH POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

GOVERNMENT AIDED INSTITUTION

COIMBATORE -641 014.CIT SANDWICH POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

GOVERNMENT AIDED INSTITUTION

COIMBATORE -641 014

BOARD EXAMINATION PRACTICAL APRIL 2014

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Project Work report on

FOOT STEP POWER GENERATION SYSTEMS

Submitted by the following student for the award of the DIPLOMA IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Is a bonafide work done by

Mr._________________________

Register no.__________________

In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of DIPLOMA IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

of State Board Of Technical Education and Training,

Chennai 600 025.

Signature of the guide

(Mr.M.KULOTHUNGAN, M.E., MISTE.,)

[H.O.D. / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (SANDWICH)]

Submitted for the Board Practical Examination, April 2014 held on _________________

... ...

Internal Examiner

External Examiner

INDEX

CONTENTSPage. No

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT...6 CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction to the project..8 1.2 Project Over view...10CHAPTER 2 : SYNOPSIS 2.1 Project Description....13 2.2 Working Principle.14CHAPTER 3 : DESCRIPTION OF THE COMPINENTS 3.1 Foot Step Platform17 3.2 Rack And Pinion17 3.3 Chain And Sprocket..18 3.4 DC Generator.19 3.5 Shaft20 3.6 Spring..20 3.7 Gear wheel..21 3.8 L.E.D Light.23CHAPTER 4

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES..27 CHAPTER 5 APPLICATIONS.....29CHAPTER 6 : SPECIFICATIONS31CHAPTER 7 :APPROXIMATE COST ESTIMATION........34CHAPTER 8 : CONCLUSION.....36CHAPTER 9 : PHOTOGRAPHS.38CHAPTER 10 : DRAWINGS

10.1 Foot step platform...41 10.2 Spring...42 10.3 Rack..43 10.4 Pinion44 10.6 Assembled View...45CHAPTER - 11

BIBILIOGRAPHY...47

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to express our sincere thanks to the management and to our respected principal, Dr.V.SELLADURAI, Ph.D., M.I.E., F.I.P.E., O.R.S.I., for having permitted us to do this project work by offering adequate duration to complete the work.

We express our sincere thanks to Mr.M.KULOTHUNGAN, ME., MISTE., Head of the Department, Department of Mechanical Engineering (Sandwich) for his valuable advice and guidance to complete this project work successfullyWith deep sense of gratitude, we extend our earnest and sincere thanks to our beloved Head Of the Department Mr.S.KAARMUMKHILAN., M.E., M.I.E., M.I.S.T.E., for his encouragement and valuable suggestions during this project work

We also express our sincere thanks to the faculty of all Departments and staff members of our institution, who have helped us in various ways to complete this project work successfully. We also express our in depth thanks to our parents, friends and everyone else those who have helped us either directly or indirectly for completing our project work successfully.

CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction to the project : Man has needed and used energy at an increasing rate for his sustenance and wellbeing ever since he came on the earth a few million years ago Primitive man required energy primarily in the form of food. He derived this by eating plants or animals, which he hunted. With the passage of time, man started to cultivate land for agriculture. He added anew dimension to the use of energy by domesticating and training animals to work for him. With further demand for energy, man began to use the wind for sailing ships and for driving windmills, and the force of falling water to turn water for sailing ships and for driving windmills, and the force of falling water to turn water wheels. Till this time, it would not be wrong to say that the sun was supplying all the energy needs of man either directly or indirectly and that man was using only renewable sources of energy. Other people have developed piezo-electric (mechanical-to electrical) surfaces in the past, but the Crowd Farm has the potential to redefine urban space By adding a sense of fluidity and encouraging people to activate spaces with their movement. The Crowd Farm floor is composed of standard parts that are easily replicated but it is expensive to produce at this stage. This technology would facilitate the future creation of new urban landscapes athletic fields with a spectator area, music halls, theatres, nightclubs and a large gathering space for rallies, demonstrations and celebrations, railway stations, bus stands, subways, airports etc. like capable of harnessing human locomotion for electricity generation. With further demand for energy, man began to use the wind for sailing ships for driving windmills, the force of falling water to turn water for sailing ships and for driving windmills, and the force of falling water to turn water wheels. Till this time, it would not be wrong to say that the sun supplying solar energy needs of man either directly or indirectly and that man was using only renewable sources of energy.

1.2 Project Overview:The field of Mechanical Engineering has a theme word called CHANGE as its backbone. The new technological advancements and the need of the people have made us think about this project. Nowadays Power plays an important role in our society. Particularly in India there is huge demand of power for human needs.Our project maiden venture into the field of power generation. This system would be economic utility at all places to provide power to the needs of the people in their areas. In this project we are generating electrical power as non-conventional method by simply walking or running on the foot step. In construction of foot operated generator project the reciprocal moment is converted into rotary motion which generates electrical energy. The control mechanism carries the rack & pinion, D.C generator, battery and Non-conventional energy system is very essential at this time to our nation. Non-conventional energy using foot step needs no input power to generate the output of the electrical power. This project using simple drive mechanism such as rack and pinion assembly and chain drive mechanism is used to make this project. It is very useful one in the day to day human activities.

CHAPTER 2 : SYNOPSIS2.1 Project Description :

2.2 Working Principle :

The pushing power is converted into electrical energy by proper driving arrangement. The rack & pinion, spring arrangement is fixed at the inclined step. The spring is used to return the inclined step in same position by releasing the load. The pinion shaft is connected to the supporter by end bearings as shown in fig. The larger sprocket also coupled with the pinion shaft, so that it is running the same speed of pinion. The larger sprocket is coupled to the small cycle sprocket with the help of chain (cycle). This larger sprocket is used to transfer the rotation force to the smaller sprocket. The smaller sprocket is running same direction for the forward and reverse direction of rotational movement of the larger sprocket. This action locks like a cycle pedalling action. The fly wheel and gear wheel is also coupled to the smaller sprocket shaft. The flywheel is used to increase the rpm of the smaller sprocket shaft. The gear wheel is coupled to the generator shaft with the help of another gear wheel. The generator is used here, is permanent magnet D.C generator. The generated voltage is 12Volt D.C. This D.C voltage can be stored to the Lead-acid 12 Volt battery. Then battery is connected to the inverter. This inverter is used to convert the 12 Volt D.C to the 230 Volt A.C. That 230 Volt A.C voltage is used to activate the light, fan and etc. Here we are using L.E.D lights as load to our systems. By increasing the capacity of battery and inverter circuit, the power rating is increased. This arrangement is fitted in shopping complex, college and wherever the large people walking on the footsteps simultaneously.

CHAPTER 3 :DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS

3.1 Foot Step Platform:

This is made up of mild steel sheet. It is 2.5mm steel sheet fabricated steel structures of size 991mm x 305mm x 2.5mm. This section is mainly placed in the crowed areas. This footstep arrangement is attached with spring section.

3.2 Rack And Pinion: Rack and pinion gears are used to convert rotation (From the pinion) into linear motion (of the rack). Arack and pinionis a type oflinear actuatorthat comprises a pair ofgearswhich convert rotational motion into linear motion. The circularpinionengages teeth on a linear "gear" bartherack.Rotationalmotion applied to the pinion will cause the rack to move to the side, up to the limit of its travel.

3.3 Chain and Sprocket :

Asprocketis a profiledwheelwith teeth that meshes with achain,trackor other perforated or indented material. It is distinguished from agearin that sprockets are never meshed together directly, and differs from apulleyin that sprockets have teeth and pulleys are smooth. The spring is used to return the inclined step in same position by releasing the load .The pinion shaft is connected to the supported by end bearings as shown in fig. The larger sprocket also coupled with the pinion shaft, so that it is running the same speed of pinion. The larger sprocket is coupled to the small cycle sprocket with the help of chain (cycle). This larger sprocket is used to transfer the rotation force to the smaller sprocket. The smaller sprocket is running same direction for the forward and reverse direction of rotational movement of the larger sprocket. This action locks like a cycle pedaling action. The fly wheel and gear wheel is also coupled to the smaller sprocket shaft. 3.4 D.C.Generator : In electricity generation, an electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy. The reverse conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy is done by a motor, motors and generators have many similarities. The gear wheel is coupled to the generator shaft with the help of a nother gear wheel. The generator is used here, is permanent magnet D.C generator. The generated voltage is 12Volt D.C.

3.5 Shaft :

In our project there are two shaft is considered i.e. Main shaft and other one is Primary shaft. Both shafts are made up of mild steel. It is heavy to with stand the human load and ends are supported by two end bearings.3.6 Spring : In this project spring plays an important role for reverse action. That means the upward motion is gained by the spring deflection.

The material of the spring is mild steel.

Here we are using four number of springs in under step (Platform).

3.7 Gear wheel :

Gears are mechanical parts with cut teeth designed to mesh with teeth on another part so as to transmit or receive force and motion. Gears are also sometimes called toothed wheels or cogged wheels or cogs. The cut teeth are also sometimes called cogs.

Gears are positive type drives which are used to transmit motion between two shafts or a shaft and a component having linear motion, by the meshing of two or more gears. Their definite velocity ratio is an advantage over other drives (such as traction drives and V-belts) in precision machines such as watches that depend upon an exact velocity ratio. In cases where driver and follower are in close proximity gears also have an advantage over other drives in the reduced number of parts required; the downside is that gears are more expensive to manufacture and their lubrication requirements may impose a higher operating cost. Gears of differing size are often used in pairs for a mechanical advantage, allowing the torque of the driving gear to produce a larger torque in the driven gear at lower speed, or a smaller torque at higher speed. The larger gear is known as a wheel and the smaller as a pinion. This is the principle of the automobile transmission, allowing selection between various mechanical advantages.

A vital aspect of two meshed gears is the gear ratio. It is the ratio of their rotational speeds. A gearbox is not an amplifier or a servomechanism. Conservation of energy requires that the amount of power delivered by the output gear or shaft will never exceed the power applied to the input gear, regardless of the gear ratio. Work equals the product of force and distance therefore the small gear is required to run a longer distance and in the process is able to exert a larger twisting force or torque, than would have been the case if the gears were the same size. There is actually some loss of output power due to friction.The gearwheel section is attached with the dynamo though the coupling.

3.8 Light Emitting Diode ( L.E.D ): The longer lead is the anode (+) and the shorter lead is the cathode (&minus). In the schematic symbol for an LED (bottom), the anodeis on the left and the cathode is on the right. Light emitting diodes are elements for light signalization in electronics.

They are manufactured in different shapes, colors and sizes. For their low price, low consumption and simple use, they have almost completely pushed aside other light sources- bulbs at first place.

It is important to know that each diode will be immediately destroyed unless its current is limited. This means that a conductor must be connected in parallel to a diode. In order to correctly determine value of this conductor, it is necessary to know diodes voltage drop in forward direction, which depends on what material a diode is made of and what colors it is. Values typical for the most frequently used diodes are shown in table below: As seen, there are three main types of LEDs. Standard ones get full brightness at current of 20mA. Low Current diodes get full brightness at ten times lower current while Super Bright diodes produce more intensive light than Standard ones.

CHAPTER 4

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGES :

Power generation is simply walking on the step.

Power also generated by running or exercising on the step.

No of need fuel input.

This is a Non-conventional system Battery is used to store the generated power.

DISADVANTAGES :

Only applicable for the particular place. Mechanical moving parts is high. Initial cost of this arrangement is high.

Care should be taken for batteries.

CHAPTER 5

APPLICATIONS

This technology would facilitate the future creation of new urban landscapes, athletic fields with a spectator area, music halls, theatres, nightclubs and a large gathering space for rallies, demonstrations and celebrations, railway stations, bus stands, subways, airports etc. like capable of harnessing human locomotion for electricity generation. Power generation using foot step can be used in most of the places such as,

colleges,

schools,

cinema theatres,

Shopping complex and

Many other buildings.

CHAPTER 6

SPECIFICATIONS

RACK

Length, l

=

240mm

Thickness, T

=

17mm

Module, m

=

1.6mm

PINION

Outer diameter, O.D = 60mm

Inner diameter, I.D = 20mm

Width, B = 25mm

Module, m

=

1.6mm

Addendum

=

1.6mm

Dedendum

= 2mm

Tooth Thickness

=

2.513mm

Working Depth =

3.2mm

Pitch diameter, D1 = 38mm

SPRING

Free length, l

=

120mm

Inner diameter, I.D

=

32mm

Outer diameter, O.D

=

36mm

Number of turns, n

=

10

Wire diameter, W.D

=

2mm

BIG SPROCKET WHEEL

Inner diameter, I.D

=

20mm

Outer diameter, O.D

= 135mm

Number of teeth, n

=

32 nos

SMALL SPROCKET WHEEL

Inner diameter, I.D

=

20mm

Outer diameter, O.D

= mm

Number of teeth, n

=

16 nos

SHAFT

Outer diameter, O.D =

20mm

CHAPTER 7

S.NONAME OF THE PART QTYAPPROXIMATE

COST (Rs.)

1Rack and pinion2600

2Chain and sprocket1300

3Spring6800

4Bearing4200

5Shaft2600

6L Angle and Platform 14 Mt2000

7LED Light 1 Mt300

812v - Dynamo1700

8Petrol Allowances __1000

9Fabrication work __4000

10Finishing __2000

TOTAL COST

APPROXIMATE COST ESTIMATION

CHAPTER 8

CONCLUSION

Thus this is a promising technology to provide efficient solution to power crisis to affordable extent. This will be the most acceptable means of providing power to the places that involves difficulties in transmission. Moreover jumping across a power producing platform, then will be fun for idle people. They can also improve their health by exercising in such platforms with earning. This can be used for many applications in rural areas where power availability is less or totally absence. As India is a developing country where energy management is a big challenge for huge population. By using this project we can drive D.C Loads according to the force.

Hence we have completed the project successfully.

CHAPTER 9 PHOTOGRAPHS

FRONT VIEWSIDE VIEW

CHAPTER 10 : DRAWINGS

10.1 Foot step Plat form:10.2 Rack :10.3 Pinion :10.4 Spring :10.5 Assembled View :

CHAPTER 11 BIBILIOGRAPHY

Websites Referred:

i. http://www.academia.comii. http://www.wikipedia.comiii. http://www.wineyard.iniv. http://www.efunda.comBooks Referred:

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 2

SYNOPSIS

FOOT STEP ARRANGEMENT

RACK & PINION AND CHAIN SPROCKET ARRANGEMENT

DC GENERATOR

L.E.D LIGHTING LOAD

CHAPTER 3

DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS

CHAPTER 4

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

CHAPTER 5

APPLICATIONS

CHAPTER 6

SPECIFICATIONS

CHAPTER 7

APPROXIMATE COST ESTIMATION

CHAPTER 8

CONCLUSION

CHAPTER 9

PHOTOGRAPHS

CHAPTER 10

DRAWINGS

CHAPTER 11

BIBILIOGRAPHY