final power point pregnancy MODIFIED
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Community nutrition project
Presented by:
(2nd year Nutrition and
Dietetics)
Sarah Kfoury ,
Petra Bou Younan ,
Stephanie Nehme.1
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OutlineIntroduction
Body
1. Balanced diet( source of nutrients and their recommended values)
2. Supplements
3. Benefits of healthy weight gain
4. Risk of disease
5. Benefits of physical activity
6. Physical status during pregnancy
7. Food safety and food-borne illness
Conclusion
Questions??2
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Healthy Pregnancy
Exercise
Balanced
diet
Food variety
Safe food
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Physiology of
pregnancy
The pregnant body works in
an organized interdependent
sequences to provide the fetus
With :
Energy, Nutrients and O2
for growth.
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Maternal anabolic and catabolic phases
during pregnancy
0-20 weeks
Buildup of fat, nutrient, and
liver glycogen stores.
Blood volume expansion,
increased cardiac output.
Growth of some maternal
organs.
Increase appetite, food
intake.
Decreased exercise tolerance.
Increase levels of anabolic hormones.
20+ weeks Mobilization of fat and nutrients
stores.
Increased production and blood levels of glucose, triglycerides, and fatty acids ; decreased liver glycogen stores.
Accelerated fasting metabolism.
Increased exercise tolerance.
Increased levels of catabolic hormones.
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Balanced Diet
Calorie needs
300
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Nutrient Needed for Best sources
Protein
(60 grams)cell growth and
blood production
Carbohydrates(minimum 175 grams)
daily energy production
Fat(20-35%) Body energy stores
RDA’S ESPECIALLY FOR PREGNANT WOMEN
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Vitamin A770 micrograms (mcg)
healthy skin, good eyesight, growing bones
Vitamin Chealthy gums, teeth, and bones; assistance with iron absorption
Vitamin B6red blood cell formation; effective use of protein, fat, and carbohydrates
Vitamin B122.6 micrograms (mcg)
Formation of red blood cells, maintaining nervous system health
Vitamin E ( 15 mg), found in: Avocado, cod, polyunsaturated plant oils (soybean, corn and canola oils), shrimp, sunflower seeds, sweet potatoes, tofu, and wheat germ
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Vitamin D(5 micrograms)
healthy bones and teeth; aids absorption of calcium
Iron(27 mg)
red blood cell production (needed to prevent anemia)+ carries oxygen trough the blood
Calcium(1000 mg)
strong bones and teeth, muscle contraction, nerve function
milk, cheese, yogurt, sardines or salmon with bones, spinach
Folic acid(400 mcg)
blood and protein production, effective enzyme function
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+ spinach
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Fiber You need 20-30g of fiber per day. Best sources are fresh fruits
and vegetables and whole-grain breads, cereals, or muffins.
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Don’t forget about water
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Caffeine It is safe to consume moderate amounts of caffeine
300mg/day.
Over 300 mg/day could make it hard for the baby to fall
asleep and/or lead to trouble feeding the baby.
2 mugs of instant coffee
2 mugs of tea
5 cans of cola
2 cans of 'energy' drink
4 (50g) bars of chocolate
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SODIUM
It’s a natural part of fluids in the human body, and is found in blood and sweat.
The Institute of Medicine recommends no more than 1,500 mg of sodium per day (3,800 mg of salt).
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ALCOHOL
Babies born to mothers
who consumed alcohol
during pregnancy
may suffer from:
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VITAMIN/MINERAL SUPPLEMENTS
vegans
Don’t consume dairies
Age < 25
Vitamin D +
calcium supp
• No animal products
Strict vegetarians
• Underweight, sickness, unhealthy diet..
Women at nutritional
risk
Vitamin B12
Vitamin/mineral supp
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Weight Gain During Pregnancy
Gaining the right amount of weight during pregnancy healthy mother and baby.
Too much weight may be related with health problems such as gestational diabetes, high blood pressure (preeclampsia), and varicose veins
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The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) provides these guidelines
1 to 2 kg/month during the first trimester
1.3 kg to 2 kg/month for the second and third trimesters
The weight you gain, depends on your BMI before pregnancy
12-16 kg if you were a healthy weight before pregnancy.
13-18 kg if you were underweight before pregnancy.
7-12 kg if you were overweight before pregnancy.
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How to avoid excessive
weight gain??
high fruit and vegetables
+ lean meats
Lower sugary or fatty foods as these contain empty
calories
Potatoes and bread are not fattening until you put
butter on them.
Brown or whole meal bread is more filling than
the white variety.
Alternate alcohol with
fruit juice with sparkling
mineral water
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Disease during pregnancy
Gestational Diabetes:
• Less production of insulin.
• Develops usually in second
trimester.
• outcomes: macrosomia,
shoulder dystocia, stillbirth…
• Cannot be treated by pills, most
treatment is through diet or insulin.
Preeclampsia
• It is a kind of hypertension that
appears only in during the 2nd
trimester
• Signs : proteinuria, nausea,
abdominal pain, blurred vision,
headache…
• Treated by calcium , Vit.C and
E supp, aspirin
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Low birth weight
Caused by:
poor nutrition
substance use (cigarettes, alcohol, drugs).
sexually transmitted disease ,other contagious diseases or no pre-natal care.
Health risks:
respiratory infections
Blindness
learning disabilities
heart infections.
Cerebral defect
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Benefits
• strengthen the muscles you need for labour and delivery
• control mood swings
• improve circulation and posture
• reduce some pregnancy discomfort (swelling, leg cramps, shortness of breath,
backache, and constipation)
•promote healthy weight gain
Physical activity
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Tips and Precautions
* Monitor your heart rate.
* Stop exercising immediately if you feel dizzy.
* Stay hydrated .
* Choose activities that are kind to your back.
* Avoid exercises and positions that put additional stress on
stretched abdominal muscles
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• walking
• stationary cycling
• yoga
• swimming and water aerobics
• low-impact aerobics
• pre-natal exercise classes
Suggested Types of Activity
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Activity to avoid
Involve bouncing/balancing/single-leg standing
- May result in a loss of balance or falling
Involve excessive bouncing or jarring movement
- Cause your body temperature to rise dramatically
In line skating and water skiing
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• You may feel tired or nauseated
• Less motivated to exercise.
• You may wish to look at some relaxation
1st trimester
You’ll begin to feel, healthier and stronger , thus moreinclined to begin some physical activity.
the baby and your belly become quite large thus lower your physical activity
2nd trimester
3rd trimester
Physical capacity during pregnancy
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Morning SicknessDO’S
Eat small meals often
Drink fluids 1/2 hour before or after a meal, but not with meals
Drink small amounts of fluids during the day to avoid dehydration
Eat soda crackers 15 minutes before getting up in the morning
Avoid foods and smells that increase nausea
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Get plenty of rest and nap during the day
Avoid warm places
Sniff lemons or ginger, drink lemonade, or eat watermelon to relieve nausea
Eat salty potato chips (they have been found to settle stomachs enough to eat a meal)
Exercise 31
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Don'ts:
Do not lie down after eating
Do not skip meals
Do not cook or eat spicy food
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Heartburn
Eat five to six smaller meals throughout the day rather
than three large meals.
Wait an hour after eating to lie down.
Avoid spicy, greasy and fatty foods .
Eat yogurt or drink a glass of milk.
Try a tablespoon of honey in a glass of warm milk. 33
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Constipation
Eat a high fiber diet: 25 to 30 g/day of dietary fiber from fruits,
vegetables, breakfast cereals, whole grain breads, prunes and bran.
Drink a lot of fluids: Fluids are important, particularly with your increase
of fiber.
Exercise routinely: Walking, swimming and other moderate exercises help
the intestines work better. Schedule exercise three times a week for 20-30
minutes each.
Reduce or eliminate iron supplements: Good nutrition can often meet
your iron needs during pregnancy.
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What is food-borne illness?
• Symptoms : Stomach cramps Vomiting Diarrhea Fever Headache or body aches
Eating Contaminated
food
Food-borne illness
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Why are pregnant women at high risk?
PregnantLower immune
system↑ Risk of food-borne illness
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1°C = 33.8 °F
62.7 °C 62.7 °C 71.1 °C 71.1 °C 71.1 °C 73.8 °C
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Food-borne Risks for Pregnant Women
As a mom-to-be, there are 4 specific food-
borne risks that you need to be aware of.
These risks can cause serious illness or
death to you or your unborn child.
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1. Listeria
How to prevent it: DO NOT EAT:
Hot dogs and luncheon meats - unless they're reheated until steaming hot.
Do not drink unpasteurized milk Soft cheese, such as Feta, Brie, Camembert, blue cheese
(Unless pasteurized). Refrigerated pâtés or meat spreads. Refrigerated smoked seafood
such as: salmon, trout, tuna ( unless it's in a cooked dish).
This bacteria can
grow in refrigerator
unlike the others
Present
in dairy
product
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2. MethylmercuryFound in:
Large, long-lived fish, such as shark, albacore tuna,… contain high levels of methyl mercury. That is harmful to an unborn baby's developing nervous system.
Prevention:
pregnant can eat up to 2 average meals a week of a variety of fish and shellfish that are lower in mercury.
Most commonly eaten fish that are low in mercury are shrimp, canned light tuna, salmon,...
when choosing your two meals of fish and shellfish, you may eat up to 6 ounces (one average meal) of albacore tuna per week.
≠
Albacore tuna Canned light tuna
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3. Toxoplasmosis
Where it's found:
Raw and undercooked meat; unwashed fruits and vegetables; soil; dirty cat-
litter boxes; and outdoor places where cat feces can be found.
How to prevent illness: .
If possible, have someone else change the litter box. If you have to clean it,
wash your hands with soap and warm water afterwards.
Wear gloves when gardening or handling sand from a sandbox.
Don't get a new cat while pregnant.
Cook meat thoroughly
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4.Salmonellosis
Found in:
Raw eggs, raw meats, poultry, dairy products..
Salmonella can cause:
Nausea,
vomiting,
abdominal cramps,
diarrhea,
fever and headache.
Avoid foods that contain raw egg.
Always cook meat, chicken and eggs thoroughly.
* Pregnant women are not more prone of getting salmonellosis, but in rare cases it may trigger miscarriage.
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Conclusion
Is it the same nutrition program after pregnancy?
A new issue to talk about.
Good nutrition
+
Food safety
Healthy pregnancy
Lifelong benefits for
mother and child
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Questions??
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