final pdf.docx

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BUGATTI VERYON

The Bugatti Veyron EB 16.4 is a mid-engined sports car, designed anddeveloped in Germany by the Volkswagen Group and manufactured in

Molsheim, France, by Bugatti utomobiles !""!"

The original version has a top speed of #$% km&h '()* mph+" t was

named Car of the Decade and best car award '($$$($$.+ by the BB/

television programme Top Gear " The standard Bugatti Veyron also won Top

Gear's Best /ar 0riven ll 1ear award in ($$)"

The !uper !port version of the Veyron is recognised by Guinness 2orld

3ecords as the fastest street-legal production car in the world, with a top

speed of #*$". km&h '(4%"% mph+, and the roadster Veyron Grand !port

Vitesse version is the fastest roadster in the world, reaching an averaged top

speed of #$5"5# km&h '()#"$# mph+ in a test on 4 pril ($6*"


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The Veyron7s chief designer was 8artmut 2arkuss, and the e9terior was

designed by :o;ef ! aircraft"

(" Braking rims made from uni?ue alloy carbon-ceramic titanium"

*" Veyron has the wing, operating by speed sensor" t pushes the car to the

ground, because the speed is higher, than taking-o@ plane"

#" Body of Veyron was made with participation of aerospace engineers"

)" The Bugatti logo draws from Arst letters of the name of company founderttore Bugatti"

4" The Veyron engine is uni?ue twin V-type 5-cylinder, in fact 64-cylynder"

Made from titanium /onsist of *)$$ parts"

%" 3eal engine power 'in di@erent measures+ from 6$#$ hps to 6$(4 hps" To

avoid possible confusions Bugatti utomobiles !""!" 0eclare the power

e?uals 6$$6 hps"

5" 2hile testing Ars Bugatti Veyron on *$$ km&h speed there was detected (

meters Came shot from e9haust tube" 0evelopers wanted to leave this

feature, but as it was a law violation, they had to develop uni?ue e9haust

system"

." !peed *$$ km&h Veyron gets for 6% seconds"


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6$" Gears changes without loss of tor?ue for ama;ing 6)$ milliseconds" t7s

faster than eye blink" t is possible in thanks to double clutch transmission"

66" Bugatti has two braking systemD regular on the wheels, and

aerodynamic wing"

6(" Veyron stops from speed #$% km&h in 6$ seconds"

6*" Tyres for Bugatti are specialy made" Eoone before made tyres for riding

on #$$ km&h"

6#" 3ear tyres *% cm width"

6)" Fuel tank 6$$ liters capacity" Fuel consumptionD city *% liters&6$$ km

highway 6) liters&6$$ km mi9ed (* liters&6$$ km"

64" bsolutely all Bugatti are handmade"

CREATING TE ENGINE

T!e Bugatti Veyron"# 16$%y&in'er (on#ter engine )ro'u%e# 1*++1!or#e)o,er -or a to) #)ee' o- (ore t!an /+ ()!.

Bugatti did two things to create a compact engine capable of producing

6,$$$ hp" The Arst and most obvious thing is tur0o%!arging" The one easy

way to make an engine more powerful without making the engine bigger is


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to stu@ more air into the cylinders on each intake stroke" Turbochargers do

that" turbo pressuri;es the air coming into the cylinder so the cylinder can

hold more air" f you stu@ twice as much air in each cylinder, you can burn

twice as much gasoline" n reality, it7s not ?uite a perfect ratio like that, but

you get the idea" The Bugatti uses a ma9imum turbo boost of 65 ! todouble the output power of its engine"

Therefore, turbocharging allows Bugatti to cut the si;e of the engine from 64

liters back down to a more manageable &iter#" To generate that much air

pressure, the Bugatti re?uires -our #e)arate tur0o%!arger# arranged

around the engine" The second thing Bugatti engineers did, both to keep the

3M redline high and to lower lag time when you press the accelerator, was

to double the number of cylinders" The Bugatti has a very rare 16$%y&in'er

engine"

There are two easy ways to create a 64-cylinder engine"

• Hne way would be to put two V-5 engines in-line with each other" 1ou

connect the output shaft of the two V-5s together"

• nother would be to put two in-line 5-cylinder engines beside one

another"

Bugatti merged two V-5 engines onto one another, and then let both of them

share the same crankshaft" This conAguration creates the 2$16

engine found in the Veyron" The two V7s create a 2"

T!e #)e%ia& -eature# o- t!e Bugatti 2$16 engine are a(a3ing"

• The engine has four valves per cylinder, for a total of 4# valves"

• t has a dry sump lubrication system borrowed from Formula 6 race

cars, along with an intricate internal oil path to ensure proper lubrication and

cooling within the 64 cylinders"

• t has electronically controlled, continuously variable cam timing to

create optimal performance at di@erent engine rpm settings"

• t has a massive radiator to deal with all of the waste heat that burning

6"** gallons of gasoline per minute can generate"

verything about the engine is superlative"

nd it is remarkably compact" t measures Iust %6$ mm '(% inches+ long, 55.

mm '*) inches+ wide and %*$ mm '(5"% inches+ high" This is the beauty of

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Bugatti7s 2-64 approach -- the engineers managed to At 6,$$$ hp into a

reasonably si;ed package"

TE TRANSMISSION

The transmission is uni?ue, in particular because it has to harness about

twice as much tor?ue as any previous sports-car transmission" t hasD

• !even gears

• dual clutch system

• !e?uential shifting

• paddle-driven, computer-controlled shifting system

This computer-controlled system is identical to the sort of system found in a

Formula 6 car or a /hamp car" There is no clutch pedal or shift lever for the

driver to operate -- the computer controls the clutch disks as well as the

actual shifting" The computer is able to shift gears in $"( seconds"

t would be almost impossible for all of the tor?ue available from the 2-64

engine to Cow out to Iust two wheels without constant wheel-spin" Therefore,the Veyron has full-time all-wheel drive" By applying the engine7s power to all

four wheels through a computer-controlled traction-control system, the car is

able to harness all of the engine7s horsepower, even at full acceleration"

The Body

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ccording to one of the Veyron7s designers, the biggest challenge in creating

the Veyron was the aero'yna(i%#" 8ow do you keep a ()$-mph passenger

car on the road"

n F-6 car can travel at ()$ mph or more, but they have a uni?uely designed

body, a single driver lying in a reclining position, Iust an inch or so of ground

clearance and an aero-package made up of large wings to generate massive

downforce" The Bugatti, on the other hand, is trying to look like a normal car

and seat two passengers"

The Veyron7s 'i(en#ion# help to some e9tent" The car is %. inches '($$

cm+ wide, 6%4 inches '##% cm+ long and only #5 inches '6(( cm+ high" TheBugatti is e9tremely wide for its height"

"

T!e Bugatti Veyron"# tai& ,ing %reate# 'o,n-or%e at !ig! #)ee'#.Engine an' air #nore


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The underside of the Veyron, like an F-6 car, is streamlined and venturi-

shaped to increase downforce" There is also a wing in the back of the Veyron

that e9tends automatically at high speed to increase downforce and keep the

car glued to the road" J2ith the moving tail spoiler we7ve got enough

downforce now, about 6$$ kg '((6 pounds+ at the rear and 5$ kg '6%%pounds+ at the front at top speed"J

The two snorkel-like devices, one on either side of the engine, on the roof of

the car" The Veyron uses these to (anage air5o," The Veyron has three

reasons for managing airCowD

• t ma9imum power, the engine is consuming #),$$$ liters of air per

minute"

• t ma9imum power, the engine is burning 6"** gallons of gasoline per

minute and needs to dissipate all of that heat through its radiators"

• 2hen stopping, the brakes need to dissipate heat K- especially

important when rapidly accelerating and braking on twisty road courses"

1ou can see how the Veyron handles these re?uirements

• The engine of the Veryon sits behind the driver, so roof-

mounted #nore, the rear-deck vents and side-mounted#%oo)# bring air

to the engine and rear brakes"

• The si;e of the engine and transmission, along with the four-wheel-

drive system and the four drive shafts, along with the opulence of the

passenger compartment 'discussed in the ne9t section+ and the car7s

oversi;ed dimensions, all add weight" ven though the body is sculpted in

carbon Aber to minimi;e its mass, the car weighs in at about #,*$$ pounds

'6,.)$ kg+"

TE TIRES AN INTERIOR

ven the tires for the Veyron are uni?ue" They7re specially designed by

Michelin to handle the stress of driving at ()$ mph" The tires need to be

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sticky like a race car7s and able to handle 6"* G7s on the skidpad" 8owever,

they also need to last longer than the %$ or so miles of a typical race tire"

Michelin therefore created completely new tires to handle the Veyron7s

uni?ue re?uirements" n the rear, the tires are 6#"# inches '*4"4 cm+ wide"

!peciAcally, the tires measure (#)&4.$ 3 )($ front and *4)&%6$ 3 )#$

rear, where (#) and *4) are the width in millimeters '.") and 6#"# inches

respectively+" The rims are )($ mm and )#$ mm in diameter 'appro9imately

($ inches+" These tires, in other words, are massive -- the rears are the

widest ever produced for a passenger car

"

The tires use the Michelin L system" Their pressure is monitored

automatically, and they can run Cat for appro9imately 6() miles '($6 km+ at

)$ mph '5$ kph+" ccording to Michelin, the run-Cat detection system Jplays

an integral role in active safety in L !ystem" ts role is to inform you of a

loss of pressure, either gradual or sudden"J Hnce warned of an air leak by the

L system, you can reduce your speed and head toward a tire repair center"


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Hne advantage of the L system and its run-Cat ability is that it e&i(inate#

t!e nee' -or a #)are tire"

TE INTERIOR

The Veyron seats two in lavish style" The interior is swathed almost

completely in leather -- the dash, seats, Coor and sides are all leather" Hnly

the instruments and a few metal trim pieces interrupt the leather

e9perience"

The car also surrounds its occupants with every sort of electronic nicely,

including a remarkable stereo system,navigation system, etc"

s all of this worth a million bucksK 2ho knowsK But regardless, the Veyron

represents a remarkable technological achievement"

The Veyron is also likely to represent the far end of the automotiveperformance spectrum for some time to come" To create a car much faster

will re?uire adding even more weight, and delivering even more power to the

wheels" The added weight means diminishing returns in the power-to-weight

domain" dditional power means more wheel spin"The Veyron probably

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approaches the outer limits of the passenger car envelope, and we are

unlikely to see much beyond the Veyron in terms of performance"

B3


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SUSPENSION SYSTEM

The suspension of Veyron has been designed to minimi;e tyre tread anglevariation to get as much power down to the track surface as possible, while

keeping the vehicle stable and running true"

The suspension itself is fairly conventional, relying on a combination of

double wishbones all around with conventional springs, dampers and antiroll

bars" 8ence called wishbone suspension system"

live a9le transmits the power via constant velocity Ioints to each wheel"

The spindle is a highly comple9 construction in this system"

t gives e9cellent road-holding capabilities whilst taking up very little room

under the car" This allows for smoother lines on the bodywork, and less

intrusion in to the engine bay"

To ensure constant stability across the VeyronPs wide speed range, it also

incorporates a specially developed hydraulic system that varies the ground

clearance in three distinct stages"

!uspension has control arms as well as conventional shocks with titanium

coil-overs in series with hydraulic ride-height adIusters" t is possible to

adIust the rate and travel and to lock the suspension if the track surface

allows"

To make it drivable, the Veyron o@ers the driver three suspension heightsD

JstandardJ for normal driving, JhandlingJ for fast-driving such as on racetracks in which front di@user Caps open, and Jtop speedJ for driving over

*%)kph"

n the standard setting, the carPs carbon Aber body sits

Ave inches o@ the ground, the front di@user Caps allowing air to travel

underneath the car remain open, and the rear spoiler sits Cush with the rear

bodywork"


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t speeds greater than 6*) mphQor when the driver chooses to engage it

via a button on the center consoleQthe body adopts what is called the

handling setting, automatically lowering to *"6# inches of clearance at the

front and *"% at the rear, the di@user Caps stay open, and the spoiler motors

out and is deployed at an angle that varies between 4 degrees and (4

degrees to provide up to %%6 pounds of downforce"

Beyond this is the so-called top speed setting allowing the Veyron to run all

the way to ()$ mph" Besides twisting the second key, you are also re?uired

to run through a safety list, which includes such things as a tire-pressure

check" Hverall, the VeyronPs drag co-eRcient varies dramaticallyQfrom a

low of $"*. in the standard setting to a downforce-induced $"#( in handling,

and a slipperier $"*4 in top speed"

nterior"

ou0&e ,i#!0one7$n automobiles, a 'ou0&e ,i#!0one 'or u))er an'&o,er A$ar(+ #u#)en#ion is an independent suspension design using two

'occasionally parallel+ wishbone shaped arms to locate the wheel" ach

wishbone or arm has two mounting points to the chassis and one Ioint at the

knuckle" The shock absorber and coil spring mount to the wishbones to

control vertical movement" 0ouble wishbone designs allow the engineer to

carefully control the motion of the wheel throughout suspension travel,

controlling such parameters as camber angle, caster angle, toe pattern, roll

center height, scrub radius, scu@ and more"

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chassishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shock_absorberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring_(device)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camber_anglehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caster_anglehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toe_(automotive)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roll_centerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roll_centerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scrub_radiushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chassishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shock_absorberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring_(device)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camber_anglehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caster_anglehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toe_(automotive)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roll_centerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roll_centerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scrub_radius


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0ouble wishbone suspension 'front+

The double-wishbone suspension can also be referred to as Jdouble -armsJ,though the arms themselves can be -shaped, -shaped, or even a single bar

linkage" single wishbone or -arm can also be used in various other

suspension types, such as variations of the Macherson strut" The upper arm

is usually shorter to induce negative camber as the suspension Iounces

'rises+, and often this arrangement is titled an J!J or Jshort long armsJ

suspension" 2hen the vehicle is in a turn, body roll results in positive camber

gain on the lightly loaded inside wheel, while the heavily loaded outer wheel

gains negative camber"

Between the outboard end of the arms is a knuckle with a spindle'the kingpin+, hub, or upright which carries the wheel bearing and wheel"

n many racing cars, the springs and dampers are relocated inside the

bodywork" The suspension uses a bell crank to transfer the forces at the

knuckle end of the suspension to the internal spring and damper" This is then

known as a Jpush rodJ if bump travel JpushesJ on the rod 'and subse?uently

the rod must be Ioined to the bottom of the upright and angled upward+" s

the wheel rises, the push rod compresses the internal spring via a pivot or

pivoting system" The opposite arrangement, a Jpull rodJ, will pull on the rod

during bump travel, and the rod must be attached to the top of the upright,angled downward" ocating the spring and damper inboard increases the

total mass of the suspension, but reduces the unsprung mass, and also

allows the designer to make the suspension more aerodynamic"

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-armhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacPherson_struthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_long_arms_suspensionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_long_arms_suspensionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingpin_(automotive_part)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bearing_(mechanical)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bellcrankhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shock_absorberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unsprung_masshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-armhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacPherson_struthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_long_arms_suspensionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_long_arms_suspensionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingpin_(automotive_part)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bearing_(mechanical)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bellcrankhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shock_absorberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unsprung_mass


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A'8antage# an' 'i#a'8antage#

0ouble wishbone suspension provides the engineer more free parametersthan some other types do" t is fairly easy to work out the e@ect of movingeach Ioint, so the kinematics of the suspension can be tuned easily andwheel motion can be optimi;ed" t is also easy to work out the loads thatdi@erent parts will be subIected to which allows more optimi;ed lightweightparts to be designed" They also provide increasing negative camber gain allthe way to full Iounce travel, unlike the Macherson strut, which providesnegative camber gain only at the beginning of Iounce travel and thenreverses into positive camber gain at high Iounce amounts"

/onversely, it may take more space and is slightly more comple9 than othersystems like a Mac-herson strut" 0ue to the increased number ofcomponents within the suspension set up it takes much longer to service andis heavier than an e?uivalent Macherson design" t the other end of thescale, it o@ers less design choice than the more costly and comple9 multi linksuspension system"

S!ort &ong ar(# #u#)en#ion9$7

#!ort &ong ar(# #u#)en#ion :S;A


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The four-bar link mechanism formed by the une?ual arm lengths causes a

change in the camber of the vehicle as it rolls, which helps to keep the

contact patch s?uare on the ground, increasing the ultimate cornering

capacity of the vehicle" t also reduces the wear of the outer edge of the tire"

!s can be classiAed as short spindle, in which the upper ball Ioint on the

spindle is inside the wheel, or long spindle, in which the spindle tucks around

the tire and the upper ball Ioint sits above the tire"i#a'8antage#

!hort spindle !s tend to re?uire sti@er bushings at the body, as the

braking and cornering forces are higher" lso they tend to have poorer

kingpin geometry, due to the diRculty of packaging the upper ball Ioint and

the brakes inside the wheel"

ong spindle !s tend to have better kingpin geometry, but the pro9imity of

the spindle to the tyre restricts Atting oversi;ed tyres, or snowchains" The

location of the upper ballIoint may have styling implications in the design of

the sheetmetal above it"

!s re?uire some care when setting up their Bump !teer characteristic, as it

is easy to end up with e9cessive, or curved, bump steer curves"

STEERING SYSTEM

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-bar_linkagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bump_Steerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-bar_linkagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bump_Steer


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"

Hne design for measuring the tor?ue applied to the steering wheel has a

tor?ue sensor a torsion bar at the lower end of the steering column" s the

steering wheel rotates, so does the steering column, as well as the upper

end of the torsion bar" !ince the torsion bar is relatively thin and Ce9ible, and

the bottom end usually resists being rotated, the bar will twist by an amount

proportional to the applied tor?ue" The di@erence in position between the

opposite ends of the torsion bar controls a valve" The valve allows Cuid to

Cow to the cylinder which provides steering assistance the greater theJtwistJ of the torsion bar, the greater the force"


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!ince the hydraulic pumps are positive-displacement type, the Cow rate they

deliver is directly proportional to the speed of the engine" This means that at

high engine speeds the steering would naturally operate faster than at low

engine speeds" Because this would be undesirable, a restricting oriAce andCow-control valve direct some of the pump7s output back to the hydraulic

reservoir at high engine speeds" pressure relief valve prevents a dangerous

build-up of pressure when the hydraulic cylinder7s piston reaches the end of

its stroke"The steering booster is arranged so that should the booster fail, the

steering will continue to work 'although the wheel will feel heavier+" oss of

power steering can signiAcantly a@ect the handling of a vehicle" ach vehicle

owner7s manual gives instructions for inspection of Cuid levels and regular

maintenance of the power steering system"

The working li?uid, also called Jhydraulic Cuid or JoilJ, is the medium by

which pressure is transmitted" /ommon working li?uids are based on mineral

oil"


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!ome modern systems also include an electronic control valve to reduce the

hydraulic supply pressure as the vehicle7s speed increases this is variable-

assist power steering"

!/F/THE HF B>GTT V13HE


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