Final Oral Exam - Park University Hauptmann School of Public Affairs
Transcript of Final Oral Exam - Park University Hauptmann School of Public Affairs
+An Introduction & background:
2009-2014: Marketing and Public
Relations Specialist at
Metropolitan Community College
Oct. 2014: Communications
Director at Midwest Public Risk
+An introduction & background
2. Justify responsibilities of professionals as citizens in a free and democratic society, and in the world.
3. Demonstrate a working knowledge of different sectors of society, how organizations are similar and different across sectors, and the contradictory expectations of managers and leaders in organizations.
4. Demonstrate knowledge of ethical theory and the challenges involved in ethical reasoning and decision making, and show commitment to obligations as professionals in positions of authority.
HSPA Core Competencies
+An introduction & background
1. Distinguish among the nonprofit/philanthropic organizations and
government and business organizations in terms of legal definitions,
mission, social purpose, and impact, and define the relationship
between these sectors
2. Demonstrate a knowledge and awareness of the role of
philanthropy and voluntary action in the nonprofit sector
Not-for-Profit & Community Service Management
Competencies
+Responsibilities as professionals
Provide venues for open
participation at all levels of
government and not-for-profit
governance.
Be transparent in our own
participation and decision-making
processes.
Offer multiple platforms for which
our stakeholders can voice their
opinions and express their own
analysis on the issues.
Support those institutions that seek
to study and educate the public
about issues.
To freely disseminate information
and educate stakeholders about
issues.
Educate stakeholders on how to
participate and offer information
about our own decision-making
process.
To participate. To educate.
+Responsibilities as professionals
“Democracy in America” Alexis de Tocqueville, 1835
Commented on the level of participation by all members of the community.
“This ceaseless agitation which democratic government has introduced into the political world, influences all social intercourse. I am not sure that upon the whole this is not the greatest advantage of democracy; and I am much less inclined to applaud it for what it does, than for what it causes to be done.”
Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America, Vol. II, Chptr. II, London: Saunders and Otley, 1838, p. 71-74.
+Responsibilities as professionals
Regular, free elections
Volunteer boards, commissions & councils/aldermen
Chambers of Commerce, Economic Development Councils, Regional Councils
Many public and government entities today maintain their volunteer governance and still require active participation to function on a regular basis even with daily operations given to a professional staff.
+Responsibilities as professionals
“I know of no safe depository of
the ultimate powers of society but
the people themselves; and it we
think them not enlightened enough
to exercise their control with
wholesome discretion, the remedy
is not to take it from them, but to
inform their discretion by
education. This is the true
corrective of abuses of
constitutional power.”
Thomas Jefferson
www.civiced.org
+Responsibilities as professionals
Educate the public (starting in
High School) about democracy as
a system of government.
Offer differing view-points and
models for what constitutes a
democracy.
Provide on-going education about
the democratic process at all
levels.
Provide a framework for how
stakeholders can participate in
local democratic processes.
Center for Civic Education. 2006.
Res Publica: An International
Framework for Education in
Democracy.
+Competing sectors of society
For-Profit: An economic sector that includes businesses and industry that is
not controlled by the government.
Government: This includes services and products provided by government
entities and quasi-government organizations.
Not-For-Profit: Organizations and institutions that offer good and services
without the expectation of creating a profit margin. Typically socially focused
and philanthropically supported.
Salamon, Lester; Sokolowski, Wojciech; et al. 2004. Global Civil Society:
Dimensions of the Nonprofit Sector. Kumarian Press Inc: Sterling, Va.
The three major sector
+Competing Sectors of Society
Governance varies on the type of
business. (Board of Directors, Top-
Down model, investor group, etc.).
Financially supported by the
purchases of the product or service
offered by the business.
Purpose is to make money for
owner/stockholders/leadership.
Governance is through publicly elected representatives.
Financially supported by taxpayer money.
Purpose to to provide for the public in the way of public safety, general welfare, etc.
Salamon, Lester; Sokolowski, Wojciech; et al. 2004. Global Civil Society: Dimensions of the Nonprofit Sector. Kumarian Press Inc: Sterling, Va.
For-Profit Government
+Competing Sectors of Society
Typically governed by a board of directors.
Financed through single philanthropy, grants, donations, payment for services.
Purpose is to provide a product or service to a niche community where business and government cannot.
Seek social need or advocate for social change.
Not-for-profit Examples
+Ethics and transparent decision-making
Ethics is more than just right and wrong; it represents a foundational system
by which we make decisions based on our own values and principals.
This system informs our decisions as a leader, as a member of society and as
cultural ambassador within our own organization.
The Six Pillars of Character: trustworthiness, respect, responsibility, fairness,
caring and citizenship.
Robert Greenleaf’s “Servant Leadership.”
Josephson, Michael. 2002. “Making Ethical Decisions.” The Ethics Edge.
ICMA Press: Washington DC.
The Six Pillars of Character & Robert Greenleaf
+Ethics and transparent decision-making
Organizational Level Ethics
Operational Level Ethics
Individual Level EthicsICMA. 2014. Code of Ethics.
icma.org/en/icma/ethics/code_of_e
thics
+Role of philanthropy & volunteers
Literally: “Love of humanity.”
Charity vs. Philanthropy
Individuals or organizations who
have identified a need in a
community and provide financial
leadership to support their cause.
Might not offer front-line
development or services. Rather,
they seek out other organizations
to handle those operational needs.
+Role of philanthropy & volunteers
85% of not-for-profits have no paid staff.
Volunteers are typically the first contact the public makes with a not-
for-profit organization.
Volunteers act as constant advocates throughout the community.
National Council of Nonprofits. 2014. “Best Practices for Volunteer
Management.” www.councilofnonprofits.org/resources/resources-
topic/volunteers
+References
Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America, Vol. II, Chptr. II, London: Saunders and Otley, 1838, p. 71-74.
Center for Civic Education. 2006. Res Publica: An International Framework for Education in Democracy.
Salamon, Lester; Sokolowski, Wojciech; et al. 2004. Global Civil Society: Dimensions of the Nonprofit Sector. Kumarian Press Inc: Sterling, Va.
Josephson, Michael. 2002. “Making Ethical Decisions.” The Ethics Edge. ICMA Press: Washington DC.
ICMA. 2014. Code of Ethics. icma.org/en/icma/ethics/code_of_ethics
National Council of Nonprofits. 2014. “Best Practices for Volunteer Management.” www.councilofnonprofits.org/resources/resources-topic/volunteers