Final JBCC Training Areas Investigation Reportjbcc-iagwsp.org/comments/training_areas_ir.pdf ·...

Impact Area Groundwater Study Program

Final JBCC Training Areas Investigation Report

Camp Edwards Joint Base Cape Cod

Cape Cod, Massachusetts

April 2018

Prepared for:

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers New England District

Concord, Massachusetts for

Army National Guard Impact Area Groundwater Study Program

Camp Edwards, Massachusetts

Prepared by:

Tetra Tech, Inc. 160 Federal St., Boston, MA 02110 Contract No. DACW33-03-D-0006

DISCLAIMER

This document has been prepared pursuant to government administrative orders (U.S. EPA Region I SDWA Docket No. I-97-1019 and 1-2000-0014) and is subject to approval by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. The opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Environmental Protection Agency.

Impact Area Groundwater Study Program Final JBCC Training Areas Investigation Report April 2, 2018

2018-O-JV11-0001 i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... ES-1

1.0 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 Purpose of Report ............................................................................................ 1-1 1.2 Report Organization ......................................................................................... 1-1

2.0 SITE BACKGROUND .................................................................................................. 2-1 2.1 Site Description ................................................................................................ 2-1 2.2 Site History ...................................................................................................... 2-2 2.3 Environmental Setting ...................................................................................... 2-3

2.3.1 Geographic Setting ............................................................................... 2-3 2.3.2 Cultural Setting ..................................................................................... 2-4 2.3.3 Ecological Setting ................................................................................. 2-4 2.3.4 Climate ................................................................................................. 2-5 2.3.5 Geology ................................................................................................ 2-5 2.3.6 Hydrology/Hydrogeology ...................................................................... 2-6

3.0 INVESTIGATION PROGRAMS AND RESPONSE ACTIONS ..................................... 3-1 3.1 Investigation Programs .................................................................................... 3-1

3.1.1 Phase IIa Program ............................................................................... 3-1 3.1.2 Phase IIb Program ............................................................................... 3-1 3.1.3 Impact Area Groundwater Quality Study............................................... 3-2

3.2 Related Investigations ...................................................................................... 3-2 3.2.1 Gun and Mortar Positions ..................................................................... 3-3 3.2.2 Small Arms Ranges .............................................................................. 3-4 3.2.3 Northwest Corner ................................................................................. 3-4 3.2.4 Western Boundary ................................................................................ 3-5

3.3 Five-Year Review Sites .................................................................................... 3-6

4.0 EVALUATION OF INDIVIDUAL TRAINING AREAS .................................................... 4-1 4.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 4-1

4.1.1 Groundwater, Soil and Geophysics Data .............................................. 4-1 4.1.2 Risk Screening ..................................................................................... 4-2

4.2 Field Maneuver, Pyrotechnic and Chemical Warfare Training Areas ................ 4-5 4.2.1 Area A-4 (CBR/NBC Chambers) .......................................................... 4-5

Description and Background ................................................. 4-5 Groundwater ......................................................................... 4-6 Soil Investigations................................................................. 4-7 Response Actions................................................................. 4-8 Risk Screening ..................................................................... 4-9 Recommendations ................................................................ 4-9

4.2.2 Area A-5 ............................................................................................. 4-10 Description and Background ............................................... 4-10 Groundwater ....................................................................... 4-10 Soil Investigations............................................................... 4-11 Response Actions............................................................... 4-11 Risk Screening ................................................................... 4-11 Recommendations .............................................................. 4-12

4.2.3 Area A-6 ............................................................................................. 4-12


TABLE OF CONTENTS – Cont’d

2018-O-JV11-0001 ii

Description and Background ............................................... 4-12 Groundwater ....................................................................... 4-13 Soil Investigations............................................................... 4-14 Response Actions............................................................... 4-14 Risk Screening ................................................................... 4-14 Recommendations .............................................................. 4-15

4.2.4 Area B-7 [Pine Hill] ............................................................................. 4-15 Description and Background ............................................... 4-15 Groundwater ....................................................................... 4-15 Soil Investigations............................................................... 4-16 Response Actions............................................................... 4-16 Risk Screening ................................................................... 4-16 Recommendations .............................................................. 4-17

4.2.5 Area B-8 ............................................................................................. 4-17 4.2.5.1 Description and Background ............................................... 4-17

Groundwater ....................................................................... 4-18 Soil Investigations............................................................... 4-18 Response Actions............................................................... 4-19 Risk Screening ................................................................... 4-19 Recommendations .............................................................. 4-19

4.2.6 Area C-13 ........................................................................................... 4-19 Description and Background ............................................... 4-19 Groundwater ....................................................................... 4-20 Soil Investigations............................................................... 4-20 Response Actions............................................................... 4-21 Risk Screening ................................................................... 4-21 Recommendations .............................................................. 4-21

4.2.7 Area C-14 ........................................................................................... 4-21 Description and Background ............................................... 4-21 Groundwater ....................................................................... 4-22 Soil Investigations............................................................... 4-23 Response Actions............................................................... 4-23 Risk Screening ................................................................... 4-23 Recommendations .............................................................. 4-24

4.2.8 Area C-15 (smokes) ........................................................................... 4-24 Description and Background ............................................... 4-24 Groundwater ....................................................................... 4-25 Soil Investigations............................................................... 4-27 Response Actions............................................................... 4-27 Risk Screening ................................................................... 4-27 Recommendations .............................................................. 4-29

4.2.9 Land Nav II ......................................................................................... 4-29 4.2.9.1 Description and Background ............................................... 4-29

Groundwater ....................................................................... 4-29 Soil Investigations............................................................... 4-29 Response Actions............................................................... 4-30 Risk Screening ................................................................... 4-30



2018-O-JV11-0001 iii

Recommendations .............................................................. 4-31 4.2.10 1949 Engineer Training Site (Part of C-14) ......................................... 4-31


4.3 Disturbed Soil Areas ...................................................................................... 4-32 4.3.1 Pits, Excavations and Trenches ......................................................... 4-33


4.3.2 Former Buildings ................................................................................ 4-36 Description and Background ............................................... 4-36 Groundwater ....................................................................... 4-37 Soil Investigations............................................................... 4-37 Response Actions............................................................... 4-37 Risk Screening ................................................................... 4-37 Recommendations .............................................................. 4-37

4.3.3 Bunkers .............................................................................................. 4-38 Description and Background ............................................... 4-38 Groundwater ....................................................................... 4-39 Soil Investigations............................................................... 4-39 Response Actions............................................................... 4-40 Risk Screening ................................................................... 4-40 Recommendations .............................................................. 4-40

4.3.4 Cleared Areas .................................................................................... 4-40 Description and Background ............................................... 4-40 Groundwater ....................................................................... 4-42 Soil Investigations............................................................... 4-42 Response Actions............................................................... 4-49 Risk Screening ................................................................... 4-49 Recommendations .............................................................. 4-51

4.3.5 Ground Scars ..................................................................................... 4-51 Description and Background ............................................... 4-51 Groundwater ....................................................................... 4-53 Soil Investigations............................................................... 4-53 Response Actions............................................................... 4-54 Risk Screening ................................................................... 4-54 Recommendations .............................................................. 4-54

4.4 Demolition Areas............................................................................................ 4-55 4.4.1 Demolition Area 3 ............................................................................... 4-55

Description and Background ............................................... 4-55



2018-O-JV11-0001 iv


4.4.2 Demolition Area 4 ............................................................................... 4-57 Description and Background ............................................... 4-57 Groundwater ....................................................................... 4-57 Soil Investigations............................................................... 4-57 Response Actions............................................................... 4-57 Risk Screening ................................................................... 4-58 Recommendations .............................................................. 4-58

4.4.3 Inactive Demolition Areas ................................................................... 4-58 Description and Background ............................................... 4-58 Groundwater ....................................................................... 4-58 Soil Investigations............................................................... 4-59 Response Actions............................................................... 4-59 Risk Screening ................................................................... 4-59 Recommendations .............................................................. 4-60

4.5 Surface Waterbodies ..................................................................................... 4-60 4.5.1 Bailey’s Pond ..................................................................................... 4-61

Description and Background ............................................... 4-61 Surface Water and Sediment Investigations ....................... 4-61 Groundwater ....................................................................... 4-62 Response Actions............................................................... 4-63 Risk Screening ................................................................... 4-63 Recommendations .............................................................. 4-63

4.5.2 Donnely Pond ..................................................................................... 4-64 Description and Background ............................................... 4-64 Surface Water and Sediment Investigations ....................... 4-64 Groundwater ....................................................................... 4-64 Response Actions............................................................... 4-65 Risk Screening ................................................................... 4-65 Recommendations .............................................................. 4-65

4.5.3 Deep Bottom Pond and Cranberry Bog .............................................. 4-65 Description and Background ............................................... 4-65 Surface Water, Sediment and Soil Investigations ............... 4-66 Groundwater ....................................................................... 4-68 Response Actions............................................................... 4-69 Risk Screening ................................................................... 4-69 Recommendations .............................................................. 4-71

4.5.4 Opening Pond .................................................................................... 4-71 Description and Background ............................................... 4-71 Surface Water and Sediment Investigations ....................... 4-71 Groundwater ....................................................................... 4-72 Response Actions............................................................... 4-72 Risk Screening ................................................................... 4-72



2018-O-JV11-0001 v

Recommendations .............................................................. 4-73 4.5.5 Gibbs Pond ........................................................................................ 4-73

Description and Background ............................................... 4-73 Surface Water and Sediment Investigations ....................... 4-73 Groundwater ....................................................................... 4-74 Response Actions............................................................... 4-74 Risk Screening ................................................................... 4-74 Recommendations .............................................................. 4-75

4.6 Additional Ranges, Sites and Structures ........................................................ 4-75 4.6.1 Area BA-1 ........................................................................................... 4-75


4.6.2 GN1/GN2 Grenade Courts ................................................................. 4-80 Description and Background ............................................... 4-80 Groundwater ....................................................................... 4-81 Soil Investigations............................................................... 4-81 Response Actions............................................................... 4-84 Risk Screening ................................................................... 4-84 Recommendations .............................................................. 4-84

4.6.3 Mock Village ....................................................................................... 4-84 Description and Background ............................................... 4-84 Groundwater ....................................................................... 4-85 Soil Investigations............................................................... 4-86 Response Actions............................................................... 4-86 Risk Screening ................................................................... 4-86 Recommendations .............................................................. 4-87

4.6.4 Former Ammunition Supply Points ..................................................... 4-87 Description and Background ............................................... 4-87 Groundwater ....................................................................... 4-87 Soil Investigations............................................................... 4-88 Geophysics......................................................................... 4-89 Response Actions............................................................... 4-89 Risk Screening ................................................................... 4-89 Recommendations .............................................................. 4-90

4.6.5 1940s Era Latrines ............................................................................. 4-90 Description and Background ............................................... 4-90 Groundwater ....................................................................... 4-91 Soil Investigations............................................................... 4-91 Response Actions............................................................... 4-91 Risk Screening ................................................................... 4-91 Recommendations .............................................................. 4-91

4.6.6 Stables ............................................................................................... 4-91 Description and Background ............................................... 4-91



2018-O-JV11-0001 vi


4.6.7 Bayonet Areas (BY1, BY2 and BY4) ................................................... 4-92 Description and Background ............................................... 4-92 Groundwater ....................................................................... 4-93 Soil Investigations............................................................... 4-93 Response Actions............................................................... 4-93 Risk Screening ................................................................... 4-93 Recommendations .............................................................. 4-93

4.6.8 Waste Oil Dump Sites ........................................................................ 4-93 Description and Background ............................................... 4-93 Groundwater ....................................................................... 4-94 Soil Investigations............................................................... 4-95 Response Actions............................................................... 4-95 Risk Screening ................................................................... 4-95 Recommendations .............................................................. 4-95

4.6.9 Air-to-Air Target Darts ........................................................................ 4-95 Description and Background ............................................... 4-95 Groundwater ....................................................................... 4-95 Soil Investigations............................................................... 4-96 Response Actions............................................................... 4-96 Risk Screening ................................................................... 4-96 Recommendations .............................................................. 4-96

4.7 Former E Range/E-1 Range .......................................................................... 4-97 4.7.1 Description and Background............................................................... 4-97 4.7.2 Groundwater ...................................................................................... 4-98 4.7.3 Soil Investigations .............................................................................. 4-98

Unexploded Ordnance Findings Summary ......................... 4-99 4.7.4 Response Actions .............................................................................. 4-99 4.7.5 Risk Screening ................................................................................... 4-99 4.7.6 Recommendations ........................................................................... 4-100

4.8 IBC Range ................................................................................................... 4-101 4.8.1 Description and Background............................................................. 4-101 4.8.2 Groundwater Data ............................................................................ 4-101 4.8.3 Source/Soil Investigations and Data ................................................. 4-102 4.8.4 Response Actions ............................................................................ 4-105 4.8.5 Risk Screening ................................................................................. 4-105 4.8.6 Recommendations ........................................................................... 4-106

4.9 KD Range (West) ......................................................................................... 4-106 4.9.1 Description and Background............................................................. 4-106 4.9.2 Groundwater .................................................................................... 4-107 4.9.3 Source Area Investigations ............................................................... 4-108 4.9.4 Response Actions ............................................................................ 4-110 4.9.5 Risk Screening ................................................................................. 4-111



2018-O-JV11-0001 vii

4.9.6 Recommendations ........................................................................... 4-112 4.10 U Range ...................................................................................................... 4-112

4.10.1 Description and Background............................................................. 4-112 4.10.2 Groundwater .................................................................................... 4-113 4.10.3 Source Area Investigations ............................................................... 4-114 4.10.4 Response Actions ............................................................................ 4-118 4.10.5 Risk Screening ................................................................................. 4-119 4.10.6 Recommendations ........................................................................... 4-120

5.0 CONCEPTUAL SITE MODEL ..................................................................................... 5-1 5.1 Contaminant Sources ...................................................................................... 5-1 5.2 Pathway ........................................................................................................... 5-2 5.3 Geochemical Overview .................................................................................... 5-2

5.3.1 Explosives and Perchlorate .................................................................. 5-2 5.3.2 Metals and SVOCs ............................................................................... 5-3

5.4 Receptor .......................................................................................................... 5-3 5.5 Area-Specific CSM Summary........................................................................... 5-3

6.0 INVESTIGATION FINDINGS ....................................................................................... 6-1 6.1 Site-Wide Risk Evaluation Overview ................................................................ 6-3

7.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................ 7-1 7.1 Recommendations Summary ........................................................................... 7-2

7.1.1 Recommendations for No Further Action .............................................. 7-2 7.1.2 Recommendations for Further Action ................................................... 7-2

Training Area B-7 ................................................................. 7-2 Training Area C-15 ............................................................... 7-3 1949 Engineer Training Site ................................................. 7-3 Former E Range/E1 Range .................................................. 7-4 IBC Range ............................................................................ 7-4 KD Range ............................................................................. 7-5

8.0 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................ 8-1



2018-O-JV11-0001 viii

FIGURES

Figure 1-1 Location of Training Areas Figure 2-1 Pond and Swamp Locations Figure 2-2 Location of Disturbed Soils Areas Figure 2-3 Surficial Geology of Western Cape Cod Figure 2-4 Water Table Elevations Figure 3-1 Military Range, Training Area, and Gun & Mortar Locations Figure 4-1 Training Area A4 on Aerial Figure 4-2 Training Area A5 on Aerial Figure 4-3 Training Area A6 on Aerial Figure 4-4 Training Area B7 on Aerial Figure 4-5 Training Area B8 on Aerial Figure 4-6 Training Area C13 on Aerial Figure 4-7 Training Area C14 on Aerial Figure 4-8 Training Area C15 on Aerial Figure 4-9 Southern Landing Zone Grid on Aerial Figure 4-10 Land Nav II on Aerial Figure 4-11 1949 Engineer Training Site (C-14) on Aerial Figure 4-12 Trenches, Pits, and Excavations on Aerial Figure 4-13 Bunkers on Aerial Figure 4-14 Cleared Area 1 on Aerial Figure 4-15 Cleared Area 4 on Aerial Figure 4-16 Cleared Area 6 on Aerial Figure 4-17 Cleared Area 7 on Aerial Figure 4-18 Cleared Area 10 on Aerial Figure 4-19 Ground Scars on Aerial Figure 4-20 Demo 3 Area on Aerial Figure 4-21 Demo 4 Area on Aerial Figure 4-22 Inactive Demo Areas on Aerial Figure 4-23 Bailey’s Pond on Aerial Figure 4-24 Donnely Pond on Aerial Figure 4-25 Deep Bottom Pond on Aerial Figure 4-26 Opening Pond on Aerial Figure 4-27 Gibbs Pond on Aerial Figure 4-28A Training Area BA-1 on Aerial Figure 4-28B Training Area BA-1 Zoom on Aerial Figure 4-28C Training Area BA-1 Excavation Figure 4-29 GN1/GN2 Grenade Ranges on Aerial Figure 4-30 Mock Village on Aerial Figure 4-31 Former ASP on Aerial



2018-O-JV11-0001 ix

Figure 4-32 1940s Era Latrines on Aerial Figure 4-33 Stables Area on Aerial Figure 4-34 Bayonet Area 1 on Aerial Figure 4-35 Bayonet Area 2 on Aerial Figure 4-36 Air-to-Air Target Dart on Aerial Figure 4-37 Former E Range on Aerial Figure 4-38A IBC Range on Aerial Figure 4-38B IBC Range on Aerial 2015 Data Figure 4-39A KD Range West on Aerial Figure 4-39B KD Range West on Aerial: Northern Zoom Figure 4-39C KD Range West on Aerial: Southern Zoom Figure 4-39D KD Range West on Aerial 2015 Data Figure 4-40A U Range on Aerial Figure 4-40B U Range (North Area) on Aerial Figure 4-40C U Range (South Area) on Aerial Figure 4-40D Training Area U Range on Aerial

TABLES

Table 1-1 Training Areas Table 2-1 Training Areas and Historical Use Table 2-2 Geologic Units at Training Areas Table 3-1 List of IAGWSP Operable Units and Other Sites (Source Area and Groundwater) Table 4-1 Representative Training Area Monitoring Wells Table 4-2A Training Area A-4 Representative Groundwater Data Maximum Detections Table 4-2B Training Area A-5 Representative Groundwater Data Maximum Detections Table 4-2C Training Area A-6 Representative Groundwater Data Maximum Detections Table 4-2D Training Area B-7 Representative Groundwater Data Maximum Detections Table 4-2E Training Area B-8 Representative Groundwater Data Maximum Detections Table 4-2F Training Area C-13 Representative Groundwater Data Maximum Detections Table 4-2G Training Area C-14 Representative Groundwater Data Maximum Detections Table 4-2H-A Training Area C-15 Representative Groundwater Data Maximum Detections Table 4-2H-B Training Area C-15 2016 Groundwater Data Table 4-2I Training Area Land Nav II Representative Groundwater Data Maximum

Detections Table 4-2J 1949 Engineer Training Area Representative Groundwater Data Maximum

Detections Table 4-2K Trenches Representative Groundwater Data Maximum Detections Table 4-2L Bunkers Representative Groundwater Data Maximum Detections Table 4-2M Demolition Area 3 Representative Groundwater Data Maximum Detections



2018-O-JV11-0001 x

Table 4-2N Inactive Demolition Areas Representative Groundwater Data Maximum Detections

Table 4-2O Bailey’s Pond Representative Groundwater Data Maximum Detections Table 4-2P Deep Bottom Pond Representative Groundwater Data Maximum Detections Table 4-2Q Opening Pond Representative Groundwater Data Maximum Detections Table 4-2R Training Area BA-1 Representative Groundwater Data Maximum Detections Table 4-2S GN1/GN2 Grenade Courts Representative Groundwater Data Maximum

Detections Table 4-2T Mock Village Representative Groundwater Data Maximum Detections Table 4-2U Former Ammunition Supply Point Representative Groundwater Data Maximum

Detections Table 4-2V Training Area E-1 Representative Groundwater Data Maximum Detections Table 4-2W Training Area IBC Representative Groundwater Data Maximum Detections Table 4-2X Training Area KD West Representative Groundwater Data Maximum Detections Table 4-2Y Training Area U Representative Groundwater Data Maximum Detections Table 4-3 Summary of Explosives Detections in Soil Samples Table 4-4 Comparison of Training Area-Wide Maximum Groundwater Concentrations to

Screening Criteria Table 4-5 Comparison of Training Area-Wide Maximum Soil Concentrations to Screening

Criteria Table 4-6 Comparison of Training Area-Wide Maximum Surface Water Concentrations to

Screening Criteria Table 4-7 Comparison of Training Area-Wide Maximum Sediment Concentrations to

Screening Criteria Table 4-8 Disturbed Area Feature Types and Locations Table 4-9A Training Area 2015 Multiple Increment Soil Data Table 4-9B U Range Multiple Increment Soil Sampling Results Table 4-10 KD and U Range Munitions Finds Table 5-1 Conceptual Site Model for Soils Table 7-1 JBCC Training Ranges Summary

APPENDICES

Appendix A Monitoring Well Sample Analytical Data (on CD only) Appendix B Soil Analytical Data (on CD only) Appendix C Training Area-wide Risk Screening and Stage I Environmental Screening Appendix D Information for MassDEP Appendix E Environmental Fate of CS (Tear Gas) and Smoke


2018-O-JV11-0001 xi

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

µg/Kg microgram per kilogram 2,4,5-T 2,4,5-trinitrotoluene 2,4-DNT 2,4-dinitrotoluene 2,6-DNT 2,6-dinitrotoluene AFCEC Air Force Civil Engineer Center AIRMAG aerial magnetometer APC armored personnel carrier ARNG Army National Guard ASP ammunition supply point ASR Archives Search Report bgs below ground surface BHC beta-hexachlorocyclohexane BIP blow in place BTEX benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and xylene CBR chemical, biological, radiological CDC confined disposal chamber COWR completion of work report CRREL Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory CS 2-chlorobenzalmalononitrile DDD 1,1’-(2,2-dichloroethylidene) bis (4-chlorobenzene) DDE dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene DDT dichlorophenyl trichloroethane DMA Defense Mapping Agency DMM discarded military munitions EDB ethylene dibromide EDMS Environmental Data Management System EOD explosive ordnance disposal EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ERI Environmental Research Institute, Inc. ETS Engineer Training Site FUDS Formerly Used Defense Sites HE high explosive HMX octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine IAGS Impact Area Groundwater Study IAGWSP Impact Area Groundwater Study Program IBC Infantry Battle Course IMT Infantry Mobility Training IPS incendiary, pyrotechnic or smoke JBCC Joint Base Cape Cod LAW light anti-tank weapon


ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS – Cont’d

2018-O-JV11-0001 xii

LZ landing zone MAARNG Massachusetts Army National Guard MassDEP Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection MC munitions constituents MCL maximum contaminant level MCP Massachusetts Contingency Plan MCPA 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid MEK methyl ethyl ketone mg/Kg milligrams per kilogram mm millimeter MMRP Military Munitions Response Program MSP Munitions Survey Project NBC Nuclear, Biological and Chemical NGB National Guard Bureau OE ordnance and explosives PAH polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon PCB polychlorinated biphenyls PCE tetrachloroethene PCN polychlorinated naphthalene RAM Release Abatement Measure RangeCon Range Control RDX hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine RI/FS remedial investigation/feasibility study RRA Rapid Response Action SABOT armor piercing projectile SDWA Safe Drinking Water Act SLZ Southern Landing Zone SOP standard operating procedure SVOCs semivolatile organic compounds TAL target analyte list TNT trinitrotoluene TOC total organic compound TOW tube launched-optically tracked-wire guided missile USACE U.S. Army Corps of Engineers USCG U.S. Coast Guard VOCs volatile organic compounds XCTC Exportable Combat Training Capability


2018-O-JV11-0001 ES-1

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This Investigation Report summarizes the results of studies undertaken to characterize and evaluate groundwater, soil, surface water and sediment conditions at the Training Areas of Joint Base Cape Cod (JBCC). The Training Areas investigation was conducted under the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Safe Drinking Water Act Administrative Orders SDWA 1-97-1019 and SDWA 1-2000-0014 and in consideration of the substantive cleanup standards of the Massachusetts Contingency Plan (MCP).

The Training Areas investigation focused on 36 areas and locations at which various types of military training activities have been conducted at Camp Edwards. The areas evaluated in this report have been used for a variety of activities including small unit maneuvers, bivouacs, combat assault training, pyrotechnics, chemical warfare training, grenade and demolition use, and rocket use. A number of additional areas associated with training activities have also been evaluated. These include former ammunition supply points and bayonet practice areas.

Generally, the Training Areas are located in a circumference to the south, west and north of the Impact Area. Certain additional areas are located toward the southern end of JBCC. The training areas are typically several hundred acres in size. Although the terrain varies, much of it is relatively wooded and hilly. A number of formerly cleared portions of the training areas are now overgrown. Some of the Training Areas also encompass the locations of other military use sites including small arms ranges and gun positions.

Since 1997, a number of site inspections and field investigations have been conducted at the Training Areas. Groundwater beneath the Training Areas has been monitored as part of the JBCC Long Term Monitoring Program. In 1997/1998, surface water and sediment sampling programs were conducted at a number of shallow ponds at JBCC. From 1998 to 2003, site inspections and field investigation programs including soil sampling were conducted at many of the Training Areas under the Phase IIa and Phase IIb programs. From 2005 to 2014, additional investigations were conducted at a number of areas, including investigations at XCTC temporary training sites in 2010. In 2015, supplemental multiple increment soil sampling programs were conducted at IBC Range, KD Range (West) and U Range.

The results of the groundwater monitoring at the Training Areas have indicated the sporadic presence of a limited number of groundwater constituents. Explosives (primarily RDX) were reported in a small number of well samples. Similarly, perchlorate was reported in a limited number of wells at relatively low concentrations (below 3.0 µg/L). In some cases, the detections of explosives and/or perchlorate were associated with wells located generally downgradient of the Central Impact Area groundwater plume. Trace levels of propellants (primarily dinitrotoluene and di-n-butylphthalate) were reported in a small number of samples from a few wells. Low levels of a number of Target Analyte List (TAL) metals (aluminum, barium, calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, sodium and zinc) were reported in many of the representative monitoring wells that were sampled. Levels were generally consistent with JBCC background groundwater concentrations, however, the maximum reported concentrations for a few metals exceeded background levels. Overall, copper and lead were reported in only a small percentage of the samples that were evaluated. In addition to the TAL metals identified above, tungsten was


2018-O-JV11-0001 ES-2

reported in a very small number of samples from a few wells. The maximum tungsten concentration (0.38 µg/L) was reported in a sample from MW-174S. Trace levels of a few VOCs, SVOCs and pesticides were reported in some samples from certain wells.

Soil samples have been collected at many of the Training Areas. Explosives were largely non-detect in most soil samples from the Training Areas. RDX was detected in a few samples from the Ground Scars located within the Central Impact Area and also in a few samples from the IBC and U Ranges. The TNT breakdown product 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene was detected in soil from one Ground Scar sample and one Cleared Area sample within the Central Impact Area as well as at Demolition Area 3. However, the groundwater impacts of explosives in soils at the Central Impact Area are being addressed by the Central Impact Area groundwater remedy. The propellant 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) has also been detected sporadically in a few soil samples from Training Area BA-1 and the Grenade Courts GN1/GN2. Perchlorate was detected in multiple increment samples collected at the U Range firing line areas during the 2015 supplemental sampling effort.

SVOCs (primarily PAHs) have been detected sporadically in samples from certain Training Areas. PAHs have been detected in a few samples from areas including Areas A-4, C-15, the Inactive Demolition Areas, BA-1, and the IBC Range. VOCs were detected in a few samples, likely artifacts from sample collection and analysis methods. Pesticides were detected at low levels in samples from a few areas including the Cleared Areas within the Central Impact Area. Dieldrin was detected in a couple of samples at the Former ASP area. A response action was undertaken at the Former ASP in the 1990s to address pesticide concerns.

Metals have been detected in soil samples from most Training Areas, as would be expected, since many of these are naturally occurring constituents of soil on Cape Cod. Concentrations of metals were generally low and similar to JBCC background across most of the Training Areas. Elevated levels of copper and lead were reported for a few samples from the Cleared Areas and Area BA-1. The highest reported lead concentration (324 mg/Kg) was found in a multiple increment sample from IBC Range collected in 2015.

The majority of the Training Areas [such as A-4, A-5, B-7, C-13, C-14 and C-15, etc.] were used for training activities including troop bivouacs, road repairs and brush clearing, road marches and certain offensive and defensive operations and maneuvers. As indicated in the Archive Search Report, authorized ammunition for these training areas was generally limited to small arms ammunition blank rounds, some pyrotechnics, flares and limited use of CS (tear gas). Live ammunition was typically not allowed on these training areas for safety reasons and due to the availability of Ranges that were specifically designed for live fire use. The conceptual site model for the Training Areas such as those identified above has focused on the possibility that chemical residues from the use of smokes, flares, pyrotechnics and/or chemical warfare simulators (tear gas) might have been deposited on the ground and might leach to groundwater. Therefore, comprehensive geophysics investigations including subsurface evaluations were not conducted at these areas.

It should be noted that site field reconnaissance investigations were conducted at many Training Areas including both non live-fire and live-fire sites. During these site visits, EOD/UXO staff typically accompanied the field investigation team and conducted limited geophysical


2018-O-JV11-0001 ES-3

(Schonstedt) monitoring in the immediate reconnaissance area. Subsequent decisions regarding the need for additional site-specific geophysics and/or UXO investigations were considered in conjunction with the preparation of related field sampling plans (FSPs) and based upon the review of historical information, OE discoveries, and field/UXO information associated with the site in question.

Small arms ammunition, rockets, and/or artillery projectiles were used at a few Training Areas including IBC Range, KD Range and U Range. As such, more extensive geophysical work was conducted at these training areas to evaluate for the presence of UXO.

A conceptual site model (CSM) was developed for the Training Areas to assess the potential impact of propellant and projectile-related surface soil contamination on groundwater. The CSM qualitatively considered the potential mobility of contaminants of concern (including explosives, perchlorate, metals and semivolatiles) with respect to migration from surface soils through the vadose zone to groundwater.

Soil remediation projects have been undertaken at certain Training Areas to reduce potential contaminant concentrations and limit mobility. At Training Area BA-1, soil excavations were implemented in 2001 to remove bromoform contaminated soils and again in 2009 to remove soils where propellant bags had been deposited. At the Grenade Courts, propellant contaminated soil was removed in conjunction with remedial measures implemented at gun position GP-11. At KD Range (West) over 500 yards of soil were excavated in 2000 to reduce elevated concentrations of several explosives including RDX, HMX and TNT. In 2017, perchlorate contaminated soil was removed from behind the firing line at U Range.

A Human Health Risk Screening was conducted for the 36 Training Areas discussed within this Investigation Report. The objective of the risk screening was to identify any analytes that warranted further evaluation. Risk screening evaluations were based on validated analytical data collected for groundwater, soil, surface water and sediment, where data were available.

Tables 4-4 (Training Areas-Wide Groundwater Screening) and 4-5 (Training Areas-Wide Soil Screening) present the maximum concentrations of each detected analyte in the groundwater and soil (respectively), the locations of those maximum detected concentrations, the detection frequency, the applicable risk screening criteria, and the results of the screening evaluation. Tables 4-6 (Training Areas-Wide Surface Water Screening) and 4-7 (Training Areas-Wide Sediment Screening) present the maximum concentrations of each detected analyte in surface water and sediment (respectively) for the six water bodies that have been evaluated.

The screening criteria for groundwater and surface water included federal and Massachusetts (where available) Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCL and MMCL), USEPA Drinking Water Life-Time Health Advisories (HA), EPA Regional Screening Levels (RSL) for Tapwater, and MCP Method 1 GW-1 Standards. Representative background regional water quality data was obtained from the three supply wells operated by the Upper Cape Regional Water Supply Cooperative.

The screening criteria for soil and sediment included the MCP Method 1 S-1/GW-1 and Method 2 S-1 Standards, the JBCC Soil Screening Levels (SSLs) (USACE, 2006) and the EPA Risk-Based SSLs (USEPA, 2015). MassDEP Leaching-Based Soil Concentrations and the JBCC-


2018-O-JV11-0001 ES-4

specific background soil concentration for each detected analyte were included in Tables 4-5 and 4-7 for comparison purposes.

Other factors that were considered in determining whether to further evaluate the detected analyte included whether the analyte was an essential human nutrient, its frequency of detection across all of the sampled training areas and within individual training areas, specific characteristics of the analyte (such as munitions related constituents), and if the compound had a documented history of false positive analytical results.

Groundwater sampling data from 124 monitoring and water supply wells associated with the Training Areas were available for explosives, perchlorate, metals and inorganics, pesticides and herbicides, SVOCs, VOCs, and PCBs. Eighteen analytes were detected at maximum concentrations that exceeded one or more risk-based groundwater screening criteria: 2,6-DNT, RDX, perchlorate, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, manganese, molybdenum, thallium, zinc, bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, chloroform, cis-1,3-dichloropropene, MCPP, pentachlorophenol, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and pentachloronitrobenzene.

Soil data were available for explosives, perchlorate, PCNs, metals and inorganics, pesticides and herbicides, SVOCs, VOCs, and PCBs. Of the 228 soil analytes, seven were detected at maximum concentrations that exceeded MCP S-1/GW-1 Standards and 10 were detected at concentrations that exceeded at least one soil SSL and were also detected in groundwater above groundwater screening criteria: The maximum detected concentrations of RDX, perchlorate, chromium, lead, phenol, dieldrin and gamma-BHC exceeded their respective MCP Method 1 S-1/GW-1 Standards. Analtyes detected in both soil and groundwater above screening criteria included: RDX, perchlorate, arsenic, cadmium, lead, manganese, molybdenum, thallium, bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, and pentachlorophenol. The concentration of arsenic in Training Areas soil is consistent with background levels and its presence in groundwater is likely due to natural occurrence and does not warrant further evaluation. Therefore, RDX, perchlorate, cadmium, chromium, lead, manganese, thallium, bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, phenol, dieldrin, gamma-BHC, and pentachlorophenol were selected for further risk screening on an area-by-area basis.

Of the 203 surface water analytes, only total chromium, manganese, thallium, chloroform, heptachlor, and PCB-1260 exceeded at least one screening criteria. However, not all surface water and sediment samples were analyzed for perchlorate. The maximum detected concentration of chromium (2.9 µg/L from Deep Bottom Pond) exceeded the Tapwater RSL for hexavalent chromium (0.035 µg/L), but was less than the RSL for trivalent chromium (22,000 µg/L), and the MCL (100 µg/L) and the MCP GW-1 Standard (100 µg/L) for total chromium. Although the maximum detected concentration of manganese (390 µg/L) exceeded the Health Advisory (300 µg/L), it was less than the EPA Tapwater RSL (430 µg/L). Thallium was detected in two samples, one from Deep Bottom Pond (estimated concentration 10 µg/L) and one from Gibbs Pond (6.7 µg/L), both of which exceeded the EPA Tapwater RSL (0.2 µg/L), the MCL (2 µg/L) and the MCP GW-1 Standard (2 µg/L). Thallium was not detected in other surface water samples from these same locations and was not detected in sediment samples. The only detection of heptachlor in surface water (an estimated concentration of 0.0054 µg/L in a sample from Deep Bottom Pond) exceeded the EPA Tapwater RSL (0.002 µg/L) but was less than the MCL (0.4 µg/L), the HA (0.008 µg/L) and the MCP GW-1 Standard (0.4 µg/L). The two detections


2018-O-JV11-0001 ES-5

of chloroform exceeded its most stringent screening criterion (i.e., the EPA Tapwater RSL of 0.22 µg/L) but were less than the MCL for trihalomethanes (80 µg/L) and the MCP GW-1 Standard for chloroform (70 µg/L).

Of the 210 sediment analytes, 28 exceeded either the JBCC SSL or the EPA Risk-Based SSL or both but none exceeded the MCP Method 2 S-1Standard. The reported detections of TNT and RDX were based on chemical screening methods that have been shown to be prone to false positive results and the results are considered unreliable for decision-making purposes. Subsequent analysis of these same samples by Method 8330 for RDX and TNT were non-detect. Barium, copper and lead, were the only metals detected in sediment at levels that were not consistent with JBCC background soil concentrations and/or above screening criteria. As stated above, the concentrations observed in sediments were less than their respective MCP Method 2 S-1Standards. The detected concentrations of six PAHs (benzo(a)anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, carbazole, dibenz(a,h)anthracene) were comparable to JBCC background levels for soil. The maximum detected concentrations of acetone, chloroform, and methylene chloride in sediment exceeded either their JBCC SSL or their EPA Risk-Based SSL or both, but all were less than their respective MCP Method 2 S-1Standard. Five pesticides (MCPA, alpha-chlordane, dieldrin, gamma-chlordane, and heptachlor epoxide) were less than their respective MCP Method 2 S-1Standard except for MCPA which does not have a MCP Method 2 S-1 Standard. The MCPA detections have been associated with false positives obtained using an older analytical method (AMEC 2002). A Stage I Environmental Screening of the surface water and sediment data identified no current or future exposure of environmental receptors to site contaminants and concluded that a condition of no significant risk of harm to the pond biota and habitats exists. Details of the Stage I Environmental Risk Characterization are provided in Appendix C.

Extensive groundwater monitoring has been conducted at over 100 wells proximate to the Training Areas. Evaluation of representative monitoring well data indicates that groundwater beneath the training areas has not been significantly impacted by past training activities. Explosives have only been detected in a few monitoring wells associated with certain Training Areas. Perchlorate has been detected in some groundwater samples from certain areas. However, the majority of these detections are believed to be associated with the groundwater plume from the Central Impact Area. Trace levels of a few semivolatile compounds were sporadically reported in some samples from a few wells. However, most SVOC detections were below risk screening criteria and some detections may be laboratory artifacts. A few pesticides have been reported in a small number of samples from certain areas. Low levels of certain metals [including barium, chromium, copper, molybdenum and zinc] were detected in some monitoring well samples. In all but a few cases, these detections were below MCLs. The overall results of the groundwater sampling evaluations conducted to date indicate that the Training Areas are not currently a source of any significant groundwater contamination above action levels. These results likely reflect the fact that at most training areas only limited amounts of small arms ammunition was used and at some training areas no small arms ammunition was used. In addition, heavier caliber ammunition associated with guns, mortars or rockets was only used at a very small number (4 out of 36) of training areas.


2018-O-JV11-0001 ES-6

Results of investigations at the Training Areas indicate that certain explosive related compounds have been detected in soils at a few areas. Explosives related detections were primarily associated with certain locations in the Central Impact Area as well as at IBC and KD ranges but were not detected in soil samples from the majority of the Training Areas. Perchlorate was also detected in only a few soil samples from certain areas including U Range. The propellant 2,4-DNT has been detected in some soil samples from Training Area BA-1. However, this area has previously been evaluated in conjunction with Former F Range and is considered in the Final Gun and Mortar Position Investigation Report (Tetra Tech 2011b). Certain metals (including copper and lead) potentially associated with past training activities (including small arms use) have been detected in a few soil samples from some training areas. In almost all cases, lead concentrations are below the MCP S1/GW-1 standard of 200 mg/Kg. Copper concentrations in most soil samples are below 25 mg/Kg and generally comparable to background.

Based upon the results of the evaluations presented in this report, no further remedial actions are currently proposed for the majority of the Training Areas. However, certain future actions related to limited additional data review and/or confirmatory sampling are recommended at three Training Areas (B-7, C-15 andIBC Range). A limited geophysical screening at the Engineer Training Site is recommended to confirm that munitions were not used at the site. Soil sampling and munitions surveys will be required at the Former E Range to document site conditions. Finally, muntions debris and targets will be removed from the KD range and confirmatory soil samples will be collected from beneath the primary target APC at the middle of the range. Follow-on response actions may be needed based on the results of the investigations.


2018-O-JV11-0001 1-1

1.0 INTRODUCTION This Investigation Report summarizes the results of studies undertaken to characterize and evaluate soil and groundwater conditions at the Training Areas at Joint Base Cape Cod (JBCC). The Training Areas investigation was conducted under the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Safe Drinking Water Act Administrative Orders SDWA 1-97-1019 and SDWA 1-2000-0014 and in consideration of the substantive cleanup standards of the Massachusetts Contingency Plan (MCP).

This Training Areas Investigation Report includes 36 training areas, sites or locations (Figure 1-1 and Table 1-1) where training-related activities may have been conducted. Training activities at the areas evaluated in this report included maneuvers, bivouacs, combat assault training, chemical warfare simulations, pyrotechnic use (including smokes and flares), grenade training, bayonet training, small arms and rocket firing.

1.1 Purpose of Report The purpose of this report is to provide a summary of the results of previously reported soil, surface water, sediment, groundwater, and geophysical/UXO investigations at the Training Areas, as well as the results of more recent studies. All available analytical data have been used to delineate the nature and extent of the contamination resulting from past activities at the ranges and to complete a risk screening to determine if remedial actions are warranted to prevent impacts to the groundwater aquifer.

A significant amount of the initial investigation work that has been performed at the Training Areas has been previously reported in the Draft Final Technical Team Memorandum 02-6 Phase IIB Report (AMEC 2003) and the Draft Training Areas Data Summary Report (AMEC 2005). Therefore, this Investigation Report focuses on both summarizing the previously reported information and more recent investigations that were conducted since 2005, including recent 2015 soil investigations at the IBC, KD (West) and U Ranges.

Data were evaluated to characterize the nature and extent of contamination and provide a basis for the assessment of risk posed by contaminants at the Training Areas. Report results have been utilized to assess the need for further remedial actions at individual Training Areas.

1.2 Report Organization This section provides an introduction to this Investigation Report.

Section 2.0 provides an overall description of the Training Areas and summarizes past historical uses of the ranges and the environmental setting of the study area.

Section 3.0 provides a synopsis of previously conducted Training Areas investigation activities and related investigations.

Section 4.0 presents site descriptions, groundwater, soil, surface water and sediment data, geophysical information, past response actions, risk screening evaluations and recommendations for each training area.

Section 5.0 presents a conceptual site model for contaminants.


2018-O-JV11-0001 1-2

Section 6.0 summarizes investigation findings.

Section 7.0 presents overall conclusions and recommendations.

Section 8.0 presents references.

Appendix A (CD) documents analytical data for the groundwater sampling programs.

Appendix B (CD) documents soil, surface water and sediment data.

Appendix C presents the site-wide groundwater and soil risk screening evaluations and the Stage I Environmental Screening.

Appendix D summarizes risk screening information for the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection (MassDEP).

Appendix E discusses the environmental fate and chemistry of CS (tear gas) and smokes.


2018-O-JV11-0001 2-1

2.0 SITE BACKGROUND

2.1 Site Description There are 22 designated training areas at JBCC that have been historically used for troop training exercises. In general, the training activities that occurred at JBCC in these areas included small unit maneuvers and bivouacs. The Training Areas evaluated in this report are presented in Figure 1-1 and include Training Areas A-4, A-5, A-6, B-7, B-8, C-13, C-14, C-15 and BA-1. The majority of these areas have been included for evaluation based upon historical information suggesting possible past training activities involving small unit maneuvers, pyrotechnics and/or chemical warfare training. Also evaluated in this report are the Land Nav II and Engineer Training Sites, which lie within the boundaries of one or more of the Training Areas noted above.

As indicated in Figure 1-1, the majority of the Training Areas are located to the southwest, west, and north of the Central Impact Area. As discussed in Section 2.3.5, the majority of the Training Areas are located within the Buzzards Bay Moraine and/or Sandwich Moraine areas. In general, these areas of JBCC are relatively hilly. Most of the Training Areas are also relatively heavily wooded with only limited open areas. Many of the areas are several hundred acres in size.

In addition to the Training Areas noted above, several ranges and areas wherein multiple types of munitions and weaponry were used are also considered in this report. These include IBC Range (Infantry Battle Course), KD Range (West), U Range, and the Former E Range. The U Range (Former S Range) and IBC Range are located to the north of the Central Impact Area. KD Range (West) and Former E Range are located to the southeast and south of the Central Impact Area, respectively. Munitions used at one or more of these ranges included small arms ammunition, rifle grenades, 90mm recoilless rifles, Dragon rockets and/or TOW anti-tank rockets. Evaluations have also been included for several demolition areas and grenade use training areas. Demolition Area 3 was located to the west of the Central Impact Area; Demolition Area 4 was believed to have been located along the southern boundary of the Central Impact Area; and two Inactive Demolition areas were located to the immediate west of Training Area BA-1. Grenade courts GN1 and GN2 were located to the immediate north of Training Area BA-1.

A number of natural and/or man-made topographic features at JBCC that have undergone investigation in conjunction with the Training Areas are also included within this report. Several surface water ponds including Bailey’s Pond, Donnely Pond, Deep Bottom Pond, Opening Pond and Gibbs Pond are also discussed in Section 4.0. These ponds are located to the south, west and north of the Central Impact Area (Figure 2-1). Investigations at these ponds included the collection of surface water and sediment samples. The ponds tend to be generally shallow and typically less than a few acres in surface area. Past investigations have been conducted at a number of disturbed soil areas within the Central Impact Area identified during early aerial photographic reconnaissance flights. The identified areas include cleared areas, ground scars, trenches, bunkers, pits and excavations (Figure 2-2).

As listed in Table 1-1, a number of additional training or training-related areas have been included in this report. These include areas such as the Mock Village where actual combat training was conducted as well as areas such as the Former Ammunition Supply Point (ASP), Latrines, Stables, Bayonet Areas, Waste Oil Dump Sites and Air-to-Air Target Darts. A number of these


2018-O-JV11-0001 2-2

areas provided various elements of support for training activities although at several there is no confirmed evidence of past munitions or ordnance use. As indicated in Figure 1-1, these areas are geographically dispersed across JBCC.

2.2 Site History The history of the Training Areas varies considerably depending upon the individual Training Area and its past use. Table 2-1 lists each Training Area discussed in this report and a brief summary of its principal historic use. Also presented are the principal munitions and/or munitions constituents (MC) used at the Training Area and any possible issues of environmental concern. This information has been summarized from multiple sources including the Ordnance and Explosives Archives Search Report (USACE 1999). More detailed evaluations of each individual Training Area and range-specific investigations are presented in Section 4.

The Archives Search Report represents the most comprehensive summary of historical training area use at JBCC. This report includes numerous interviews with persons knowledgeable of JBCC range use history and past activities. In general, the Archives Search Report and associated range use historical documents indicate that training area activities occurred as early as the late 1930s (in conjunction with the outbreak of World War II) and continued into the 1990s (The date the Archives Search Report was written. Training at many of these areas continues today). For several training areas, no specific historical interview reference or documented activity was discovered for dates after 1984.

Available historical documentation does not provide a clear picture of training activities at each individual training area from the 1930s through the 1950s. Archive Search Report interviews with one former National Guard personnel indicated that from 1959 to 1975, Training Areas C-14, C-15 and C-16 were frequently used for bivouacs. Historical information suggests that during this time frame, 20 to 40 battalions may have trained at JBCC each summer. Each battalion would typically bivouac within a specific Training Area, with some units returning to the same training area each summer. Many battalions may have maintained a field kitchen and a field maintenance area wherein small equipment repairs may have occurred. Another interviewee indicated that from 1987 to 1989 his engineering company frequently trained in Training Areas BA-1, BA-3, C-13, C-14, C-15 and C-16. Training activities included rifle qualification, bivouacs, war games, road repairs and demolition training and operations. Demolition training activities included use of C-4 and detonation cord for cutting steel, creating craters and/or clearing fire breaks.

Archive Search Report findings indicate that ordnance use during troop training exercises in the training areas likely consisted of flares, star clusters, parachute flares, trip flares, M80s, grenade and artillery simulators, and smoke grenades (USACE 1999b, 1999c, 1999d). Ordnance use varied depending upon the Training Area. Tear gas grenades were rarely referred to by interviewees. No documentation has been discovered that identifies any specific open training area where tear gas was used in training exercises. However, one interviewee suggested that tear gas training was conducted at the following locations: Training Areas A-5, A-6 near Gun Position 24 (GP-24), B-8, Wheelock Road across from Range Control, and Land Nav II (Ogden 1997a). Another interviewee provided some details of tear gas pellet use inside enclosed buildings at the Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical (NBC) Training Area (USACE 1999a). During a field inspection conducted for the Archive Search Report (USACE 1999), a single tear gas


2018-O-JV11-0001 2-3

grenade was found in Training Area C-16. Reports of ordnance discoveries at JBCC were summarized by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) for the period of 1980 to 1998 (USACE 1999). Tear gas grenades were identified at several locations, including one in Training Area C-16.

During archive search investigations, several interviewees referenced the historic use of pyrotechnic smokes in the open areas of Training Areas A-4, A-5, C-13, C-14, C-15, Land Nav II, and Pine Hill. They did not provide specific information on the quantities or locations of smoke grenades used within each identified area.

As noted in Section 2.1, historical activities at several Training Areas (Former E Range, IBC Range, KD Range [West] and U Range) differed considerably from those described above. These ranges were not designed for troop maneuvers and bivouacs. They were historically used as firing ranges for training with a variety of types of weapons and ordnance. As indicated in Table 2-1, ordnance used at these ranges included 0.50 cal machine gun bullets, LAW rockets, Dragon missiles, TOW missiles and certain other rockets and grenades. Former E Range was primarily used for anti-tank training. IBC Range was used as an infantry assault course. KD Range (West) was used for training on multiple weapons. U Range was originally used for grenade launcher training and subsequently for LAW rocket familiarization. Details of activities at these ranges are presented in Section 4.

2.3 Environmental Setting The following subsections provide further site information regarding geography, cultural setting, ecological setting, climate, geology, hydrology, and hydrogeology.

2.3.1 Geographic Setting

JBCC includes Camp Edwards, Otis Air National Guard Base, United States Coast Guard Air Station Cape Cod, Cape Cod Air Force Station, and the Veterans Affairs Cemetery. It is located on the western side of Cape Cod, Massachusetts. The northern non-cantonment area is a wooded area on the Upper Cape that is largely undeveloped, but fringed with highways, homes, and other development (Cape Cod Commission 1998). The predominant land use surrounding JBCC is residential or commercial development. JBCC is situated adjacent to the towns of Bourne, Sandwich, Falmouth, and Mashpee.

A restricted area surrounded by partial (non-continuous) fencing and guarded gates, the land is controlled by the U.S. Army under a lease with the Commonwealth of Massachusetts until at least 2051. Chapter 47 of the Acts of 2002 established the Upper Cape Water Supply Reserve to protect the water supply and wildlife habitat. Therefore, the potential for human exposure to on-site soil contaminants is limited to occasional trespassers, hunters, site workers, and military personnel. The northern area in which most of the Training Areas are located is used for military training. It is anticipated that the land use at the Training Areas will not significantly change in the near future.


2018-O-JV11-0001 2-4

2.3.2 Cultural Setting

Land use near JBCC is primarily residential and commercial, and secondarily agricultural and industrial. Specific areas on JBCC are opened for deer and turkey hunting by permit from the Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife. The major local agricultural land use is the cultivation of cranberries. Commercial and industrial development in the area includes service industries, landscaping, sand and gravel pit operations, and municipal landfills (USACE 2002).

JBCC contains a cantonment area that includes a housing area for approximately 2,000 year-round residents. This area includes a chapel, a golf course, a base exchange, a medical dispensary, and two schools. Designated areas are used as airfields and other military support facilities. The resident population increases by as much as several thousand people during the summer training activities. The northern area is used for water supply, wildlife habitat management, and compatible military training.

An archaeological survey covering 72 percent of Camp Edwards was conducted in 1987 to assess its archaeological sensitivity. One historic site and 26 prehistoric sites were identified within Camp Edwards. Findings from these surveys indicate that humans inhabited the area up to 10,000 years ago.

2.3.3 Ecological Setting

The northern two-thirds of JBCC are characterized as undeveloped open area, while the southern one-third is characterized as developed land. The dominant vegetation types vary accordingly. The northern portion of JBCC consists of forested uplands dominated by stands of pitch pine and mixed oak species (Quercus spp.) with a diverse shrubby understory. Remnant vegetation in the southern portion consists of open grassland fields interspersed with scattered trees and shrubs. The present composition of these forests is a reflection of eighteenth-century logging practices, replanting strategies, and fire suppression activities. The other dominant cover type in this area consists of pitch pine and scrub oak barrens that are maintained by periodic fires (USACE 2002).

There are 39 state-listed species observed on JBCC. About half of these are lepidoptera (i.e., moths), such as Gerhard’s underwing moth (Catocala herodias gerhardi), the barrens daggermoth (Acronicta albarufa), and Melsheimer’s sack bearer (Cicinnus melsheimeri). State-listed plant species include broad tinker’s weed (Triosteum perfoliatum), ovate spikerush (Eleocaris obtusa var. ovata), Torrey’s beak-sedge (Rhynchospora torreyana), and adder’s tongue fern (Ophioglossum pusillum). Rare bird species include the upland sandpiper (Bartramia longicauda), the grasshopper sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum), the vesper sparrow (Pooecetes gramineus), and the northern harrier (Circus cyaneus). These species are primarily associated with the grassland fields in the southern cantonment area. No threatened or endangered amphibians, reptiles, fish, or mammals are known to inhabit JBCC; however, JBCC does support a number of animals that are listed by the state as species of special concern. These include the eastern box turtle (Terrapene carolina), the Cooper’s hawk (Accipiter cooperii), and the sharp-shinned hawk (Accipiter striatus) (USACE 2002). Northern harriers are known to nest in the Impact Area.


2018-O-JV11-0001 2-5

2.3.4 Climate

The climate for Barnstable County is defined as humid continental. The neighboring Atlantic Ocean has a moderating influence on the temperature extremes of winter and summer. Winds of 30 miles per hour may be expected on an average of at least one day per month. Gale force winds can be common and more severe in winter. Average daily temperatures range from 29.6ºF in February to 70.4 oF in July.

Mean annual rainfall and snow meltwater ranges from 45 to 48 inches. The average net recharge to groundwater of this annual rainfall is 27 inches per year. Occasional tropical storms that affect Barnstable County may produce 24-hour rainfall events of 5 to 6 inches (NGB 1990). Average snowfall is 24 inches (MAARNG 2001).

2.3.5 Geology

The geology of Upper Cape Cod is comprised of glacial sediments deposited during the retreat of the Wisconsin stage of Holocene glaciation, approximately 15,000 years ago. Four sedimentary units characterize the regional geology: the Buzzards Bay Moraine, the Sandwich Moraine, the Buzzards Bay Outwash, and the Mashpee Pitted Plain. The sedimentary units are underlain by crystalline bedrock. Table 2-2 summarizes the principal sedimentary units underlying each of the Training Areas. Many of the Training Areas are located in the Buzzards Bay Moraine.

The Buzzards Bay and Sandwich Moraines lie along the western and northern edges of Camp Edwards, converging in the vicinity of the Northwest Corner Area of JBCC, as shown on Figure 2-3. Masterson et al. (1997) report that the Buzzards Bay Moraine resulted from the meltwater deposition of sorted sediments within a stagnant ice margin overlying a basal till. The surface of the moraine is characterized by an abundance of boulders. The upper part of the Sandwich Moraine resulted from glacial deformation of material; the lower part consists of sandy sediments. The moraine deposits are described as generally consisting of gravel, sand, silt, and clay with locally poorly to moderately sorted sand and gravel. Numerous discontinuous lenses of fine-grained sediments, including laminated silts and unsorted debris flow deposits, are also present in the moraines (Masterson et al. 1997). The till in the lower part of the Buzzards Bay Moraine is comprised of sand, silt, and clay, and scattered gravel in a compacted, unsorted matrix. Both moraines form the hummocky ridges characteristic of the northwest and north side of JBCC.

The Mashpee Pitted Plain consists of fine- to coarse-grained sands with gravel forming a broad outwash plain lying to the east and south of the moraines (Figure 2-3) and interior to JBCC. Masterson et al. (1997) report that the lower part of the Mashpee Pitted Plain consists of fine-grained, glaciolacustrine sediments comprised of fine sand, silt, and clay. This laterally persistent facies can be encountered underlying the moraines. The Buzzards Bay Outwash can be found along the west JBCC boundary to the Cape Cod Canal and Buzzards Bay. Like the Mashpee Pitted Plain, the Buzzards Bay Outwash consists of coarse sand and gravel of deltaic origin with locally interbedded fine sand and silt.

It should be noted that overlying all of these glacial deposits is a thin veneer of fine eolian silt, in some places 2 feet in thickness. This silt layer is normally located directly below topsoil at the Training Areas.


2018-O-JV11-0001 2-6

2.3.6 Hydrology/Hydrogeology

Surface water resources on JBCC are scarce. Surface water is not usually retained due to the well-drained, sandy soils of JBCC. As a result, approximately 60 percent of the annual rainfall on JBCC infiltrates the soil and contributes to the groundwater aquifer (AMEC 2005). The 31 wetlands on the training sites of JBCC comprise 55 acres of land. No large lakes, rivers, or streams exist on the property, only small marshy wetlands and ponds. Most of the wetlands and surface waters in the Sandwich and Buzzards Bay Moraines are considered to be perched (MAARNG 2001). However some, such as Succonsette Pond which lies immediately southwest of the Central Impact Area, intercept the water table.

The groundwater beneath JBCC is known as the Sagamore Lens, which is a part of the larger Cape Cod Aquifer (MAARNG 2001). The Sagamore Lens is underlain by low permeability crystalline bedrock, which is not a productive source of water. The source of fresh water recharge to this groundwater system is rainfall and snowmelt. Approximately 27 inches of the average annual rainfall infiltrates the soil and recharges groundwater on an annual basis. The top of the groundwater mound of the Sagamore Lens is located within the area of the J-1, J-2, and J-3 Ranges, which are southeast of the Impact Area (Figure 2-4).

The height of the water table in and around JBCC can fluctuate up to 7 feet annually due to seasonal variations in groundwater recharge. Groundwater levels are highest in the spring when recharge rates are high; levels are lowest in the late summer/early autumn when rainfall is minimal.

The Training Areas are situated over a portion of the Sagamore Lens. The groundwater flow direction beneath most Training Areas in western and central portions of the site is predominantly to the west and northwest, and the hydraulic gradient steepens with increasing distance from the top of the regional potentiometric groundwater mound. Within the central portions of JBCC, groundwater elevations typically range between 65 and 70 feet NGVD, and depth to groundwater ranges from approximately 100 to 140 feet below ground surface (bgs). For Training Areas located to the south of the groundwater mound, such as BA-1 Range, groundwater flow is to the southwest. Based on the observed response of the water table relative to recharge events, the hydraulic travel time through the vadose zone is expected to be three to six months. The thickness of the saturated zone varies between 180 and 280 feet.


2018-O-JV11-0001 3-1

3.0 INVESTIGATION PROGRAMS AND RESPONSE ACTIONS This section presents a brief general overview of the site investigation programs and response actions that have been conducted at the Training Areas. Also included are discussions of other investigations at JBCC areas that are related to the Training Areas.

3.1 Investigation Programs This section summarizes the programs under which investigations of the Training Areas were initially implemented.

3.1.1 Phase IIa Program

The Phase IIa investigation program was initiated in 1998 to evaluate a number of ranges and sites at JBCC pursuant to EPA Administrative Order SDWA 1-97-9019 (AO1). Under the Phase IIa program, investigations were implemented for a variety of locations, including several Training Areas and related sites. These included the following:

• Characterization of Multiple Training Areas (C-15, B-12, Deep Bottom Pond, Pew Road Quonset Huts)

• Characterization of KD Range (West) and U Range • Characterization of Trenches, Excavations, Bunkers and Buildings

The proposed approaches for investigating these and other JBCC areas were detailed in the Final Workplan for Phase IIa Activities (Ogden 1999). As indicated in the Draft Phase IIa Training Areas Field Sampling Plan (Ogden 2000), characterizations of the Training Areas were to include specific plans for the investigations of possible past use of chemical warfare simulants, pyrotechnic smokes and herbicides.

Investigations at KD Range (West) and U Range were intended to focus on evaluation of the nature and extent of any contaminants potentially associated with target practice for multiple types of ordnance, including past use for rocket training. Investigations at these ranges focused on firing locations where propellants may have been present and target locations where explosives may have been deposited.

3.1.2 Phase IIb Program

The study areas included in the Draft Final TM 02-6 Phase IIb Report (AMEC 2003) were among several training areas, ranges, and other sites selected by the EPA to be investigated under Phase IIb of the U.S. Army/National Guard Bureau’s (NGB) Impact Area Groundwater Study Program (IAGWSP) pursuant to Administrative Order SDWA 1-97-9019 (AO1).

As specified in the Final Phase IIb Work Plan (Ogden 2000a) and its supplement (Ogden 2000b), initial investigation activities included field reconnaissance inspections at each of the Phase IIb sites. Based on the inspection findings, sampling plans were developed for 12 selected sites to evaluate current and future potential groundwater impacts. Field sampling plans were developed for these sites specifically to characterize the nature and extent of possible soil and/or groundwater contamination resulting from historical releases. Investigation plans for the remaining Phase IIb study areas not included among the original 12 (e.g., the Mock Village,


2018-O-JV11-0001 3-2

Former E Range Target Area, and Training Area BA-1) were postponed pending the acquisition of additional historical information and physical evidence of past training practices. Where data gaps were identified, a second round of investigations was performed at these, and other, newly listed Phase IIb sites. These investigations were performed under the Final Supplemental Phase IIb Work Plan (AMEC 2002a).

The Training Areas investigated under Phase IIb included the following:

• Former ASP • Engineer Training Site • Demolition Areas 3 and 4 • Inactive Demolition Sites • Former E Range • Cleared Areas • GN-2 Grenade Court • Training Area BA-1 • Mock Village • Waste Oil Release Sites • Latrines • IBC Range • U Range (Former S Range)

The investigation results (i.e., groundwater and soil data from both the initial and supplemental sampling rounds) for non-small arms range Phase IIb sites were initially presented in the Draft Final TM 02-6 Report (AMEC 2003) along with a discussion of findings and general recommendations.

3.1.3 Impact Area Groundwater Quality Study

Certain elements of the site investigations relating to the Training Areas and associated sites discussed in this report pre-date the implementation of the Phase IIa and Phase IIb programs. Specifically, certain initial groundwater sampling programs and the majority of the surface water and sediment sampling programs were conducted prior to 1999. The results of these initial investigations were summarized in the Draft Completion of Work Report for the Impact Area Groundwater Quality Study (IAGS) (Ogden 1998). Included in the 1998 report are the results of surface water and sediment sampling efforts conducted at up to 19 ponds located within and/or around JBCC.

3.2 Related Investigations This section briefly summarizes the relationships between the Training Areas and several other JBCC areas that have previously been investigated: the Gun and Mortar Positions, the Small Arms Ranges, the Northwest Corner and the Western Boundary. Each one of these areas is considered a distinct operable unit under the IAGWSP cleanup program. Decision Documents have been finalized for all of these operable units under the EPA Safe Drinking Water Act Administrative Orders.


2018-O-JV11-0001 3-3

3.2.1 Gun and Mortar Positions

There are 24 gun positions and 13 mortar positions at JBCC as shown on Figure 3-1. The gun positions (including GP-1, Old GP-2, GP-3, Old GP-3, GP-4, Old GP-4, GP-15 and Old GP-19) are no longer in service as gun positions. GP-2 is located in Training Area BA-4, which was previously investigated as part of the Western Boundary and Gun and Mortar Operable Units. The results of the extensive investigations conducted at the gun and mortar positions are summarized below and included in the Final Gun and Mortar Position Investigation Report (Tetra Tech 2011b).

GP-2 was first sampled in January 2000, as part of the Phase II investigation. Sampling consisted of fourteen 22.5 by 22.5-foot, 5-point composite soil samples from 0 to 6 and 18 to 24 inches. A total of 58 samples were collected for explosives analysis and 29 samples were collected for semivolatile organics SVOCs, VOCs, metals, pesticide, and herbicides. Benzo(a)pyrene, di-n-butyl phthalate, dieldrin, 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA), and arsenic were the only compounds detected above MMR preliminary remediation goals (PRGs). Detections of note included: benzo(a)pyrene at a maximum concentration of 0.3 mg/Kg; dieldrin at a maximum concentration of 0.91 mg/Kg; a single detection of 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) at a concentration of 10 mg/Kg; and arsenic at a maximum concentration of 4.5 mg/Kg. There were no detections of explosive or propellant compounds. The site and sampling locations are shown on Figure 5A-2. Analytical results are summarized in Appendix B, Table A.2.

Six soil samples were collected for perchlorate analysis from three locations at the ground surface and at a depth of 1.5 to 2.0 feet bgs in May 2002 and again in December 2003. Perchlorate was not detected.

100-point composite MIS samples were collected from each of the northern, middle, and southern thirds of the gun position in July 2006. Samples were submitted for SVOC and explosives analysis. Soil samples were ground as per Cold Region Research and Engineering (CRREL) recommendations prior to analysis for explosives. The results of the soil investigation were provided in a Qualitative Risk Evaluation in November 2006. The explosives analysis was non-detect for all 19 analytes. The SVOC analyses detected dieldrin in all three samples as a tentatively identified compound (TIC). The maximum concentration of dieldrin was 0.91 mg/Kg, which is consistent with use of the product as a pesticide. Several other SVOCs typically associated with petroleum products were detected at trace concentrations in the sample collected from Area 1. No imminent risk to any potential receptors was identified.

The gun and mortar positions are primarily located southwest and northwest of the Impact Area. The sites are variable in size and all are essentially flat areas that are cleared of vegetation. At many sites, vegetation is growing back, particularly scrub pines, in those areas that have not been used in many years. Several gun and mortar positions fall within the boundaries of individual Training Areas, including the following:


2018-O-JV11-0001 3-4

Training Area Gun and/or Mortar Position A-6 GP-24 B-8 Old MP-2 Old MP-3 C-13 GP-22 BA-1 Old F Range BA-4 GP-2

Analytical data collected during investigations of the gun and mortar positions has been evaluated as part of the Final Gun and Mortar Position Investigation Report and, with a few exceptions, is not further evaluated in this Training Areas report. A Decision Document for the Gun and Mortar Positions was signed on September 28, 2012. EPA determined in the Decision Document that the response activities were protective of human health, the environment, and the aquifer and that these activities have achieved the objectives set forth in the Safe Drinking Water Act Administrative Orders. EPA required no further response actions at the Gun and Mortar Positions.

3.2.2 Small Arms Ranges

As discussed in the Final Small Arms Ranges Investigation Report (Tetra Tech 2014a), there are a total of approximately 40 Small Arms Ranges at JBCC. The Small Arms Ranges effectively encircle the Impact Area. Typical components of the Small Arms Ranges include one or more firing lines, a range floor, target arrays and an impact berm.

A few of the Small Arms Ranges lie within the boundaries of individual Training Areas. These include the following:

Training Area Small Arms Range B-7 Former D Range Former C Range B-8 Former B Range C-14 Former E-3 Range (currently Demolition Area 2)

The large majority of the Small Arms Ranges have undergone extensive investigation. Analytical data for investigations of these ranges has been discussed in the Final Small Arms Ranges Investigation Report, and are not included in this Training Areas report. A Decision Document for the Small Arms Ranges was signed on September 30, 2015. EPA selected long-term groundwater monitoring with land use controls, limited soil sampling and soil removal at certain ranges as response actions that are protective of human health and the environment.

3.2.3 Northwest Corner

The Northwest Corner area is adjacent to the northwest corner of JBCC, within an area loosely defined by Kirbe Road to the north and northeast, the power line easement south of Kendrick Road to the south and southeast, and the Cape Cod Canal to the west. On base, this area encompasses the majority of Training Area B-11 and the northern part of Training Area B-9.

Remedial investigation activities within the Northwest Corner were initially conducted as part of the comprehensive soil and groundwater characterization for the Gun and Mortar Firing Positions investigation. As a result of detections of perchlorate in private wells near the northwestern boundary of JBCC, additional investigation of the general area, including and surrounding Gun


2018-O-JV11-0001 3-5

Positions GP-12, GP-14, GP-16, and the section of Canal View Road between GP-16 and GP-19, was conducted.

The results of the investigations of the Northwest Corner are summarized in the Final Northwest Corner Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (Tetra Tech 2009a). Given the extensive evaluations of the Northwest Corner presented in this report, no additional evaluation of this area is included under the current Training Areas report. A Decision Document for the Northwest Corner was signed on June 2, 2010. EPA selected monitored natural attenuation of the groundwater contamination and land use controls as the appropriate response actions for the Northwest Corner.

3.2.4 Western Boundary

The Western Boundary is the area hydraulically upgradient (east) of Bourne’s Monument Beach municipal supply well field. The portion of the study area on JBCC included Training Areas BA-4, A-5, A-6, and B-7; Gun and Mortar Firing Positions and Observation Points GP-2 ,GP-24, MP-1, MP-3, MP-4, MP-5, MP-6, MP-7, and MP-8, and OP-1 through OP-7; the Former D Range; and the southwestern portion of the Impact Area. The historic uses of these areas are described in the respective investigation reports. Previous investigations at the GP-2 portion of BA-4 (GP-2) are summarized in Section 3.2.1 above.

The BA-4 bivouac area to the south of GP-2 was investigated as part of the Western Boundary operable unit, which focused on perchlorate in soil and groundwater. Soil and geophysical investigations were conducted in this area to determine whether or not a source area existed. Findings from the geophysical investigation included small arms blanks, expended smoke grenades, casings and other debris. Analyses of the soil samples identified one detection of perchlorate at 0.0013 mg/Kg from a discrete sample collected from beneath an expended smoke genade. All other samples were non-detect for perchlorate, explosives and propellants. No further investigation work was needed in BA-4 to complete the Western Boundary work.

A Decision Document for the Western Boundary was signed on June 2, 2010. EPA identified monitored natural attenuation of the groundwater contamination and land use controls as the appropriate response actions for the Western Boundary.

The analysis of the soil analytical results for potential source areas has been presented in the individual reports associated with each investigation area. Specifically, the gun and mortar investigations have been summarized in the Final Gun and Mortar Position Investigation Report (Tetra Tech 2011b); the Former D Range results have been summarized in the Final Small Arms Ranges Investigation Report (Tetra Tech 2014a); and the impact area results were discussed as part of the Final Central Impact Area Feasibility Study (Tetra Tech 2011a). The Final Western Boundary Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (Tetra Tech 2009b) included analysis of soil samples collected to the south and west of Range Control. The soil results presented in these previous reports are not further discussed in this current Training Areas report. Response Actions

Response actions to address localized contaminated soil have been conducted at a few Training Areas and/or associated sites. These remedial actions have typically involved soil excavations. Most of these remedial actions have been focused on localized soil contamination at the multi-use ranges (KD Range (West) and U Range) wherein multiple types of ammunition and/or


2018-O-JV11-0001 3-6

ordnance were historically used. Limited soil removal actions were also conducted at Training Area BA-1. Substantive soil removal actions were conducted at the Training Area BA-4 Disposal Area. The latter remedial action is extensively discussed in the first IAGWSP Five-Year Review (see Section 3.4 below) and is not further addressed in this report. Soil response actions conducted at other Training Areas and associated sites evaluated in this report are discussed on a site by site basis in Section 4. To date, no response actions have been implemented to actively treat groundwater due to contamination from any of the Training Areas.

3.3 Five-Year Review Sites Seven sites at JBCC were included in the Five-Year Review in accordance with EPA guidance (OSWER 540-R-01-007, dated June 2001). These seven sites had received a Decision Document at the time of the preparation of the Five Year Review. The purpose of the Five-Year Review is to evaluate the performance of a site cleanup remedy after its implementation in order to determine whether or not the remedy is or will be protective of human health and the environment. The seven IAGWSP sites for which Five-Year Reviews have been completed include Training Area BA-4 Disposal Area, Demolition Area 1, Demolition Area 2, J-1 Range, L Range, Northwest Corner and Western Boundary. The results of the Five-Year Reviews for these sites are summarized in the Final Five-Year Review 2006-2011 (Tetra Tech 2014b).

Another eight sites at JBCC have not yet undergone a Five-Year Review (Central Impact Area, Former K Range, Former A Range, J-2 Range, J-3 Range, Small Arms Ranges, Gun and Mortar Positions, and Training Areas). The sites associated with the Small Arms Ranges and the Gun and Mortar Positions (identified in Table 3-1) have previously been evaluated and the investigation results summarized in the Final Small Arms Ranges Investigation Report (Tetra Tech 2014a) and the Final Gun and Mortar Position Investigation Report (Tetra Tech 2011b). Most of the remaining sites at JBCC fall under the Training Areas and Military Ranges Operable Units or are classified as Other Areas. The large majority of these remaining sites are evaluated in this report. A few sites that are not included in this report (such as CS-19) have been investigated under other programs such as the Air Force Civil Engineer Center (AFCEC) Installation and Restoration Program and/or the Formerly Used Defense Sites (FUDS) program.


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-1

4.0 EVALUATION OF INDIVIDUAL TRAINING AREAS

4.1 Introduction This section summarizes the results of the soil, groundwater, sediment and surface water investigations conducted at individual Training Areas and associated sites on an area-by-area basis. The Training Area descriptions are based on information from multiple reports, including initial information presented in the Revised Ordnance and Explosives Archives Search Report (USACE 2002). The majority of the initial site investigations were conducted under the Phase IIa and Phase IIb programs and associated work and field sampling plans. (Initial results for the pre-2005 investigations have been summarized in several different documents including the Draft Final Technical Team Memorandum 02-6 [Phase IIb Report] [AMEC 2003] and the Training Areas Data Summary Report [AMEC 2005].) Surface water and sediment evaluations are based on investigation results summarized in the COWR for the 1998 IAGS program.

In the following discussion, where appropriate, sites have been grouped together based upon similarities in past use or topographic features. For each site, initial (pre-2005) data has been considered in conjunction with more recent data (where available).

4.1.1 Groundwater, Soil and Geophysics Data

In the following discussion, groundwater and soil analytical data and geophysical data have been evaluated for each individual Training Area for which appropriate data is available.

Groundwater discussions have considered monitoring wells located both within individual Training Areas and also along their respective perimeters. For each Training Area, the locations of individual wells and their screening depths have been reviewed with respect to the appropriateness of using data to assess possible impacts from the associated Training Areas. Table 4-1 provides a list of Training Areas and those wells suitable for use in evaluating potential groundwater impacts. Table 4-1 includes the screened interval and average depth to water. Data from these wells has been identified for use in the groundwater data review and risk screening evaluations for individual sites. As indicated, these wells constitute a subset of the entire array of wells that are proximate to one or more Training Areas. The overall groundwater data set for these wells is presented in Appendix A. Maximum groundwater concentrations for contaminants at individual training areas are presented in Tables 4-2A to 4-2Y.

For some Training Areas, no groundwater monitoring wells are located in close proximity to the area. For certain other Training Areas, some monitoring well locations and/or screen depths are not considered to appropriately reflect potential groundwater impacts from the overlying Training Area (for example, wells lying cross-gradient to groundwater flow). In these cases, the monitoring wells (and their associated data) have not been included in the groundwater data reviews and/or the groundwater risk screenings for individual areas.

Source characterization including soil sampling and geophysical review has been conducted at some although not all of the Training Areas. Soil data has been evaluated for those individual Training Areas for which analytical data is available. As with groundwater data, soil data and/or geophysical data are not available for all of the Training Areas. During the evaluations of the respective Training Areas under the Phase I and II programs, assessments for the need for soil


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-2

sampling at a particular Training Area were based on available historical information regarding past use coupled with the results of preliminary reconnaissance visits to the areas. It should also be noted that the individual soil risk screening evaluations only consider data for soil that remains at the Training Area. Data for soil that has been excavated or removed from the Training Area has not been considered in the risk screening. In a few cases, certain pre-excavation data has been considered in the soil data review only to provide historical perspective on the Training Area. The overall soil data set for the Training Areas is presented in Appendix B. A summary of the soil explosives detections is presented in Table 4-3.

Geophysics

The majority of the overall geophysical investigations conducted at JBCC were implemented under the Munitions Survey Program (MSP). As discussed in the Final Munitions Survey Project Phase I Report (USACE 2003), MSP geophysical goals were focused on identification of potential sites of buried munitions and/or burial pits. During initial scoping and development of the overall MSP ground-based field effort, selected ranges/areas at JBCC were prioritized for detailed geophysical investigation. It was recognized that given the large size of JBCC and the numerous ranges and training areas, it was not feasible to conduct geophysical surveys across the entire base. Prioritization of areas for geophysical investigation was based upon review of historical information relating to potential areas of past munitions use [Archive Search Report (USACE 2002a)], discussions with regulatory agencies (MassDEP and EPA) and evaluation of the results of the multiple aerial magnetometry (AIRMAG) surveys conducted in 2000.

Based upon the results of the review process, a number of the Training Areas were not selected for detailed geophysical investigation. With a few exceptions, historical information gathered in the Archive Search Report (USACE 2002a) indicated that munitions and heavier ordnance were not used at the Training Areas. In addition, small arms ammunition was primarily confined to the use of blanks. Live ammunition was typically not allowed on the Training Areas. As discussed in Section 4.2, most of the Training Areas were primarily used for small unit maneuvers, training and bivouacs. At certain locations (including certain Gun Positions and Small Arms Ranges) encompassed by the Training Areas, geophysical investigations were conducted. However, the results of these evaluations have been presented in the respective Final Investigation Reports for these two Operable units.

It should be noted that site field reconnaissance investigations were conducted at many Training Areas including both non live-fire and live-fire sites. During these site visits, EOD/UXO staff typically accompanied the field investigation team and conducted limited geophysical (Schonstedt) monitoring in the immediate reconnaissance area. Subsequent decisions regarding the need for additional site-specific geophysics and/or UXO investigations were considered in conjunction with the preparation of related field sampling plans (FSPs) and based upon the review of historical information, OE discoveries, and field/UXO information associated with the site in question.

4.1.2 Risk Screening

A Human Health Risk Screening was conducted for the 36 Training Areas discussed within this Investigation Report. The objective of the risk screening was to identify any analytes that warranted further evaluation. Risk screening evaluations were based on sampling data collected


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-3

for four environmental media; groundwater, soil, surface water and sediment. However, sampling data were not available for all four media for each Training Area. It should also be noted that this area-wide risk screening has only utilized validated analytical data available in EDMS.

Tables 4-4 (Training Areas-Wide Groundwater Screening) and 4-5 (Training Areas-Wide Soil Screening) present the maximum detected concentrations of each detected analyte in the groundwater and soil (respectively), the locations of those maximum detected concentrations, the detection frequency, the applicable risk screening criteria, and the results of the screening evaluation. Tables 4-6 (Training Areas-Wide Surface Water) and 4-7 (Training Areas-Wide Sediment) present the maximum detected concentrations of each detected analyte in surface water and sediment (respectively) for the six waterbodies that were evaluated.

The screening criteria for soil included the MCP Method 1 S-1/GW-1 Standards, the JBCC Soil Screening Levels (SSLs), and the EPA Risk-Based SSLs. The screening criteria for sediment included the MCP Method 2 S-1 Standards, the JBCC Soil Screening Levels (SSLs), and the EPA Risk-Based SSLs. MassDEP Leaching-Based Soil Concentrations and the JBCC-specific background soil concentration for each detected analyte were included in Tables 4-5 and 4-7 for comparison purposes.

The screening criteria for groundwater and surface water included federal and Massachusetts (where available) Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCL and MMCL), USEPA Drinking Water Life-Time Health Advisories (HA), EPA Regional Screening Levels (RSL) for Tapwater, and MCP Method 1 GW-1 Standards. Background regional water quality data was obtained from the three supply wells operated by the Upper Cape Regional Water Supply Cooperative.


Groundwater sampling data from 124 monitoring and water supply wells associated with the Training Areas were available for explosives, perchlorate, metals and inorganics, pesticides and herbicides, SVOCs, VOCs, and PCBs. Of the 234 widely reported analytes for groundwater, 16 were detected at maximum concentrations that exceeded one or more risk-based groundwater screening criteria: 2,6-DNT, RDX, perchlorate, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, manganese, molybdenum, thallium, zinc, bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, chloroform, cis-1,3-dichloropropene, MCPP, and pentachlorophenol. In addition to these typical analytes, PCDD/PCDF data was available for one well (MW-79S), radionuclide data was available for one well (MW-174S), and two wells were sampled for 4,4’-dichlorobiphenyl and pentachloronitrobenzene (ASP well and Rangecon). Of these analytes, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and pentachloronitrobenzene were detected at maximum concentrations that exceeded risk-based screening criteria. Arsenic and chloroform have been previously associated with other sources, and their presence is not presumed to be related to Training Area activities. In summary, sixteen analytes were selected for further risk screening evaluation on an area-by-area basis.


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-4

Soil data were available for explosives, perchlorate, PCNs, metals and inorganics, pesticides and herbicides, SVOCs, VOCs, and PCBs. PCNs were not detected. Perchlorate was the most frequently detected munitions constituent identified at the Training Areas. Of the 228 soil analytes, 10 were detected at concentrations that exceeded both soil and groundwater screening criteria: RDX, perchlorate, arsenic, cadmium, lead, manganese, molybdenum, thallium, bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, and pentachlorophenol. The maximum detected concentrations of RDX, perchlorate, chromium, lead, phenol, dieldrin and gamma-BHC exceeded their respective MCP Method 1 S-1/GW-1 Standards. The concentration of arsenic in Training Areas soil is consistent with background levels and its presence in groundwater is likely due to natural occurrence and does not warrant further evaluation. Therefore, RDX, perchlorate, cadmium, chromium, lead, manganese, thallium, bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, phenol, dieldrin, gamma-BHC, and pentachlorophenol were selected for further risk screening on an area-by-area basis.

Of the 203 surface water analytes, only chromium, manganese, thallium, chloroform, heptachlor, and Arochlor 1260 exceeded at least one screening criteria. For each of these analytes, the maximum detected concentration was observed at Deep Bottom Pond. These exceedances were further evaluated in the risk screening for the affected individual Training Areas.

Of the 210 sediment analytes, the following 28 analytes exceeded either the JBCC SSL or the EPA Risk-Based SSL or both but none exceeded the MCP Method 2 S-1 Standard: TNT, RDX, antimony, arsenic, boron, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, selenium, benzo(a)anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, carbazole, dibenz(a,h)anthracene, acetone, chloroform, methylene chloride, MCPA, alpha-chlordane, dieldrin, gamma-chlordane, and heptachlor epoxide. The reported detections of TNT and RDX were based on chemical screening methods that have been shown to be prone to false positive results and the results are considered unreliable for decision-making purposes. Subsequent analysis of these same samples by Method 8330 for RDX and TNT were non-detect. With the exception of barium, copper and lead, all of the metals were detected in sediment at levels consistent with JBCC background soil concentrations and/or were below screening criteria. Although the maximum detected concentrations of copper and lead were inconsistent with background soil levels, the concentrations observed in sediments were less than MCP Method 2 S-1 Standards. The detected concentrations of the six PAHs were comparable to JBCC background levels for soil. The maximum detected concentrations of acetone, chloroform, and methylene chloride in sediment exceeded either their JBCC SSL or their EPA Risk-Based SSL or both, but all were less than their respective MCP Method 2 S-1 Standard. All five pesticides were less than their respective MCP Method 2 S-1 Standard except for MCPA which does not have a MCP Method 2 S-1 Standard. The MCPA detections have been associated with false positives obtained using an older analytical method (AMEC 2002a). Because the observed concentrations were inconsistent with background levels and exceeded at least one screening criteria, copper, lead, acetone, chloroform, methylene chloride and pesticides were further evaluated in the risk screening for the affected individual Training Areas.

A Stage I Environmental Risk Characterization was performed on six freshwater ponds (Opening Pond, Donnely Pond, Cranberry Bog, Bailey’s Pond, Deep Bottom Pond, and Gibs Pond) that are located on Camp Edwards to determine whether there is current or potential future exposure of environmental receptors to contaminants in the existing pond environments. These six ponds are


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-5

located in close proximity to historic former training areas as well as access roads, parking areas, vehicle paths and down-range locations. Given their locations, sediment and surface water were sampled at the start of the program for a wide range of analytes. These data were used to conduct the Stage I Environmental Screening for this Training Areas Investigation Report.

The Stage I Environmental Screening identified no current or future exposure of environmental receptors to site contaminants and concluded that a condition of no significant risk of harm to the pond biota and habitats exists. Details of the Stage I Environmental Risk Characterization are provided in Appendix C.

4.2 Field Maneuver, Pyrotechnic and Chemical Warfare Training Areas Most of the principal Training Areas at JBCC encompass several hundred acres in size. As indicated in Section 2.2, the Training Areas were primarily used for small unit (up to battalion size) maneuvers, training and bivouacs. Most units trained only with small arms ammunition. ASR interviews suggested that during the 1980s, most small arms training was typically conducted at A to E and L to U Small Arms Ranges. During this time frame, machine gun training was often conducted at Former A Range. Some live fire training was conducted at certain Training Areas, such as IBC Range.

No record of any chemical warfare material use at JBCC has been discovered. Tear gas is not a chemical warfare agent, but is used as a breathing and eye irritant to provide soldiers with a training situation that simulates chemical warfare conditions. Tear gas is used routinely by police departments as a non-lethal riot control agent.

Based on archival information, the compound CS (2-chlorobenzalmalononitrile), a chemical irritant (tear gas), was used in gaseous form produced from either pellets or grenades during training exercises to simulate chemical warfare conditions. The typical tear gas grenade consists of CS, a burning mixture consisting of black powder (potassium nitrate, sulfur, and charcoal), and an ignition mixture of iron oxide, zirconium, and titanium.

Archival information indicates that pyrotechnic smoke was used in certain training exercises at JBCC. The chemical constituents that comprise the various types of pyrotechnic smoke grenades typically include fuel (usually powdered sugar), an oxidizing compound (usually potassium chlorate), diatomaceous earth as a binder, a coolant (usually magnesium carbonate), and various colored dyes. Smoke was also produced through the vaporization of various petroleum fuels. Some of the chemical constituents of the dyes used in these smokes prior to the early 1980s are of possible health concern. Green, purple and yellow smoke grenades were allegedly used in troop training exercises along with other devices including flares, star clusters, parachute flares, trip flares, M80s, and grenade and artillery simulators (USACE 1999).

4.2.1 Area A-4 (CBR/NBC Chambers)

Description and Background

Training Area A-4 is a 196-acre area southwest of the Impact Area, bounded on the south by Estey Road, on the north by Pocasset-Forestdale Road, on the west by Pew Road, and on the


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-6

east by Frank Perkins Road (Figure 4-1). Area A-4 is a heavily wooded training area. This area contains the current ARNG ASP as well as narrow jeep trails and small clearings for land navigation purposes. The area is very hilly with topography typical of areas within the hills of the Buzzards Bay Moraine.

Training Area A-4 is believed to have been used for standard training activities including small unit maneuvers, patrolling exercises, and bivouacs. Any small arms training would likely have involved the use of blanks. Interview information in the Archive Search Report [ASR] (USACE 2002a) indicates that small arms firing using live ammunition would have typically occurred at the Small Arms ranges. The ASR also does not indicate any use of heavier munitions or ordnance in Area A-4.

The CBR (or chemical, biological, radiological) Training Area shown on early range maps was located within Training Area A-4. The area, formerly designated as CBR, was subsequently designated as the NBC (or nuclear, biological, chemical) Training Area and included Quonset hut buildings on Estey Road. According to historical interview information, training activities included the use of tear gas inside enclosed buildings at the CBR/NBC Training Area (Ogden 1997d; USACE 1999a). Several interviewees indicated that the former ASP structures (Quonset huts) located along Pew Road in the western portion of Training Area A-4 were used for chemical warfare training. Interviewees indicated that 2-chlorobenzalmalonitrile (CS), a type of tear gas, was generated inside the enclosed Quonset huts to familiarize troops with the use of chemical warfare equipment under a simulated chemical attack (Ogden 1997a). However, no evidence of chemical warfare training or CS use was observed during 2000 and 2002 reconnaissance visits to this area.

The second ASP at JBCC is believed to have been located in the southwestern portion of Training Area A-4. This ASP facility is believed to have been operational during the 1950s and 1960s, although there is little detailed information on the dates of use. Some of the magazines from this facility were apparently moved to the NBC area although portions of the foundations still exist.

Groundwater

A number of groundwater monitoring wells are located within or along the perimeter of Training Area A-4. The locations of these wells are indicated in Figure 4-1. Groundwater flow is toward the southwest. The southern boundary of the Central Impact Area lies upgradient of the northeastern portion of Training Area A-4. There are several monitoring wells located along the upgradient eastern boundary of the area along Frank Perkins Road. There are also a number of wells located on the western downgradient boundary of the area along Pew Road including MW-173, MW-175, MW-211 and MW-221. Two wells (MW-433 and MW-210) are located in the east-central portion of the area. Several additional wells including MW-469, MW-478, and the ASP water supply well are located in the northwest corner of the area in the vicinity of the ASP. Representative groundwater monitoring wells included in the risk screening from Training Area A-4 are listed in Table 4-1. Groundwater analyses at representative monitoring wells associated with Training Area A-4 have included explosives, perchlorate, semivolatiles, volatiles, pesticides, TAL metals and water quality parameters (including alkalinity, ammonia, COD, nitrate and sulphate).

Maximum detected groundwater concentrations for the representative monitoring wells are presented in Table 4-2A. No explosives have been reported in representative on-site or


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-7

downgradient monitoring wells located at Training Area A-4. Perchlorate has been detected in 19 of 95 monitoring well samples. However, the reported concentrations are low with the maximum concentration (1.5 µg/L) reported for a sample collected from well MW-231M2 in 2002. Elevated maximum metals concentrations (compared to JBCC background) have been reported for certain samples collected from the ASP well. Copper (total) has been detected in four (out of four) samples at a maximum concentration of 353 µg/L in a sample from the ASP well in 2001. Lead (total) has also been detected in nine (out of 15) samples at a maximum concentration of 53 µg/L in a sample from the ASP well in 1999. However, these results were for total metal concentrations. Maximum field filtered metals concentrations were much lower for most metals. For example, the maximum concentration for lead for field filtered samples was 14 µg/L. The lead detection is attributed to the materials used to construct the ASP well. Two volatile compounds (4,4’-dichlorobiphenyl and chloroform) and one pesticide (pentachloronitrobenzene) were also detected in a few early (1999/2000) samples from the ASP well and are further considered in the Risk Screening. Groundwater analytical data for monitoring wells associated with Training Area A-4 is presented in Appendix A.

Soil Investigations

Though no direct evidence of tear gas training was observed in the vicinity of the Pew Road Quonset huts during the 2002 site visit, soil sampling was conducted at two remnant structures. Floor drainage swales were constructed in the concrete slab floors of each hut. Any residual tear gas training compounds were likely to be concentrated in these floor drain features; therefore, a composite soil sample was obtained from the floor swales of the one intact Quonset hut (location SS215A). A second composite sample (location SS215B) was to be obtained from the remnant slab floor of a second Quonset hut; however, the floor drain feature from which the sample was to be collected was no longer intact. Therefore, the sample was collected from a location where evidence of surface water runoff from the remnant slab floor was observed. Samples were collected in September 2004 and submitted for a full suite of Phase I analyses including explosives, VOCs, SVOCs, pesticides/PCBs, herbicides, TAL metals and miscellaneous parameters (ammonia, nitrate/nitrite, total phosphorous and total organic carbon [TOC]).

The results for explosives and herbicides were non-detect in all samples. Acetone was the only VOC detected in any sample. Two pesticides, DDE and DDT, were detected at low levels in the sample collected from location SS215A. Select SVOCs including 2-methylnaphthalene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, chrysene, naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene were detected at estimated levels in the sample collected from location SS215A. Several TAL metals including aluminum, arsenic, antimony, barium, boron, cadmium, calcium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, magnesium, manganese, nickel, potassium, sodium, vanadium and zinc were detected in certain samples at levels generally comparable to JBCC background. The maximum concentrations of copper (5.8 mg/Kg) and lead (12.5 mg/Kg) were detected in the sample collected from location SS215A. The miscellaneous parameters, noted above, were reported at low levels in the samples with a maximum TOC value 8,470 mg/Kg in the sample collected from SS215A.

Fifty-point multiple increment samples (SSNBC01 and SSNBC02) were collected in April 2010 at two of the five Quonset Huts in the NBC area (Figure 4-1). Four samples were collected: one sample from SSNBC01 and one sample plus two replicate samples from SSNBC02. All samples


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-8

were submitted for explosives, perchlorate, semivolatile organics (SVOCs) and select metals analyses. Each multiple increment sample was sub-sampled at the laboratory for metals digestion and analysis; the remaining sample volume was ground following Method SW8330B and processed and analyzed for explosives, perchlorate and SVOC analyses.

Explosives were non-detect in all samples. Perchlorate was non-detect in the sample collected from SSNBC01 and in two of the three samples collected from SSNBC02. Perchlorate was detected at 0.2 µg/Kg in one of the replicate samples collected from SSNBC02. Several metals including arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, copper, lead, nickel, zinc and mercury were detected in all samples at levels generally comparable to JBCC background (Table 4-5). The maximum concentration of copper (4.5 mg/Kg) was detected in the sample collected from location SSNBC01. The maximum concentration of lead (16.6 mg/Kg) was detected in one of the replicate samples collected from location SSNBC02. Estimated levels of SVOCs (<200 µg/Kg) were detected in all samples. The detected SVOCs were mainly PAH compounds. The soil data is further considered in the risk screening. Analytical results are summarized in Appendix B. Results for explosives are included in Table 4-3.

Geophysics

As part of the Munitions Survey Program (MSP) scope of work, a detailed ground-based geophysical survey was conducted at the NBC Area during January and February 2003 (Tetra Tech 2003d). Activities conducted in support of this investigation effort included site preparation, a geophysical anomaly investigation and a geophysical survey of the investigation area. During the site preparation, UXO technicians conducted detailed surveys of the investigation area removing surface scrap and metallic debris. OE and non-OE scrap was stock-piled, removed and recycled. During the subsequent geophysical survey, approximately 40% of the NBC Area was surveyed using an EM61 MK2 time domain electromagnetic metal detector. The remaining 60% of the investigation area was surveyed using a Schonstedt (Model GA-52C) hand-held audio response magnetometer. Based on the geophysical data, subsurface anomaly investigations were conducted at a number of NBC locations.

During site clearance activities, items were recovered from 79 locations. Miscellaneous non-OE scrap and debris were recovered at 56 of the 79 locations. At the remaining 23 locations various types of OE scrap were recovered including: 5.56mm, 7.62mm, and shotgun cartridges, links or blanks (seven locations), slap flares (four locations), rotating band covers (four locations) and single grenade spoons (three locations). Several additional miscellaneous items were found at single locations. Of the six anomalies that were investigated and found to contain OE scrap; four contained small quantities (<2 pounds) of small arms ammunition cartridges, blanks and/or links, two others contained single items. However, no evidence of explosives, propellants or NBC materials was observed.

Response Actions

No groundwater or soil remedial response actions have been implemented as a result of the investigation findings for Training Area A-4.


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-9

Risk Screening

The three highest detected concentrations of lead in groundwater were from the ASP well, all of which exceeded the MCL and the MCP GW-1 Standard of 15 µg/L. However, the maximum concentration for lead for field filtered samples was 14 µg/L. Lead was not detected in the three rounds of sampling at the only other monitoring well from this Training Area that was analyzed for lead (MW-478S). The lead detection is attributed to the materials used to construct the ASP well. The ASP well was replaced in 2002 with a new water supply well and lead has not been detected in the new well. Pentachloronitrobenzene, a fungicide, was detected in the two samples from the ASP well (4.6 to 5.2 µg/L). Pentachloronitrobenzene is not on the Target Analyte / Target Compound List but does have an EPA RSL (0.12 µg/L). Although 4,4’-dichlorobiphenyl was detected in samples from the ASP well (3.9 to 5.3 µg/L), there are no screening criteria for this compound. 4,4’-Dichlorobiphenyl is not a Target Analyte / Target Compound List VOCs and there are no associated screening criteria. The reason this former water supply well was tested for pentachloronitrobenzene and 4,4’-dichlorobiphenyl is uncertain. The analytes detected in the ASP well were evaluated as part of the BA-4 Operable Unit. Based on the evaluation, no other significant risks were identified and no further action for groundwater was recommended.

Analyte Frequency of

Detection

Maximum Detected

(µg/L) Location of Maximum Date

MCL (µg/L)

Health Advisory

(µg/L)

Tapwater RSL

(µg/L) MCP GW-1

(µg/L)

CHROMIUM, TOTAL 4/7 3.3 ASP well 10/13/1999 100 100 0.04 100

LEAD 9/15 53 ASP well 7/20/1999 15 - 15 15

PENTACHLORONITROBENZENE 2/2 5.1 ASP well 7/20/1999 - - 0.12 -

4,4'-DICHLOROBIPHENYL 3/3 5.3 ASP well 7/20/1999 - - - - Note: Tapwater RSL for chromium VI listed. RSL for chromium III is 22,000 µg/L. Highlighted numbers indicate sample exceeds criteria.

Explosives were not detected in soil samples from Training Area A-4. Perchlorate was detected in one of four soil samples but the concentration detected (estimated 0.0002 mg/Kg) was less than the lowest perchlorate screening criterion (the JBCC SSL of 0.0031 mg/Kg). Cadmium, copper, and lead were detected at concentrations consistent with background levels. Thallium was not detected. Several PAHs were detected in soil samples from Training Area A-4, but the concentrations were below MCP S-1/GW-1 Standards and were detected at concentrations comparable to JBCC background levels. Benzyl alcohol and three phthalates (benzyl butyl phthalate, bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate and di-n-butyl phthalate were detected at concentrations less than the screening criteria. In addition, the geophysical investigation conducted at the NBC in 2003 did not reveal any evidence of explosives, propellants or NBC materials.

Recommendations

Based upon a review of the investigation results, no soil or groundwater sampling is recommended. Groundwater analytes detected in the ASP well have been evaluated as part of the BA-4 Operable Unit. In addition, groundwater downgradient of Training Area A-4 has been evaluated under the Western Boundary Operable Unit.


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-10

4.2.2 Area A-5


Training Area A-5 is comprised of approximately 316 acres located southwest of the Impact Area (Figure 4-2) and is bounded by Wheelock Road on the north, Pocasset-Forestdale Road on the south, the JBCC property boundary to the west, and Pew Road to the east (DMA 1994). Area A-5 is a hilly and heavily wooded training area lying to the northwest of Training Area A-4. The area contains relatively wide jeep trails and a few cleared areas for land navigation purposes. The land is very rocky with many boulders and glacial erratics typical of the topography of the peak of the Buzzards Bay Moraine.

Training Area A-5 is believed to have been used for standard training activities including small unit maneuvers, patrolling exercises, and bivouacs. With the possible exception of Combat Training Range 1 (located within Area A-5) any small arms training would likely have involved the use of blanks. The ASR (USACE 2002a) does not indicate any use of heavier munitions or ordnance in this area.

A 1949 map depicts a rifle range known as Combat Training Range #1 centrally located on the south side of Area A-5 along Fredrikson Road (USACE 1999). A 1970s-era range layout map designates this training range as Range 5 (USACE 1999). A review of historical information (Ogden 2002) suggest that Combat Training Range 1 may have been used for bivouacs. There is no available information linking Combat Training Area #1 (Range 5) with training involving tear gas. However, tear gas training is referenced in the area of Land Nav II on the eastern side of Pew Pond (see Section 4.2.9).

Groundwater

A number of groundwater monitoring wells are located within or along the perimeter of Training Area A-5. The locations of these wells are indicated in Figure 4-2. Groundwater flow is toward the southwest. As indicated, the majority of the monitoring wells are located along the downgradient perimeter of Area A-5 along the JBCC site boundary. These include wells MW-80, MW-82, MW-83 and MW-84. Representative groundwater monitoring wells included in the risk screening are identified in Table 4-1. Groundwater analyses at representative monitoring wells associated with Training Area A-5 have included explosives, perchlorate, semivolatiles, volatiles, pesticides, TAL metals and water quality parameters.

Maximum detected groundwater concentrations for the representative monitoring wells are presented in Table 4-2B. Only one explosives or propellant-related compound (2,6-dinitrotoluene) has been reported in any of the representative monitoring wells. 2,6-Dinitrotoluene was reported in one sample (out of 317) in 2001 at well MW-84M1 at a concentration of 0.27 µg/L. Perchlorate has been detected in multiple samples from downgradient wells. The maximum perchlorate concentration (2.26 µg/L) was detected in a sample from MW-80M1 in 2002. The majority of the TAL metals have been reported in one or more samples at levels generally comparable to JBCC groundwater background concentrations, although the maximum detected concentrations of a few metals slightly exceed background levels. The maximum reported concentrations of iron (1,040 µg/L) and aluminum (850 µg/L) at well MW-80M2 slightly exceed background levels. Copper (total) has been detected in several samples at a maximum concentration of 5.8 µg/L.


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-11

Lead (total) has only been detected in two samples (out of 170) at a maximum concentration of 3.7 µg/L. Several SVOCs (benzoic acid, 2-chloronaphthalene, di-n-butylphthalate and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate were detected in a few samples. Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate was detected in 12 samples (out of 172) at a maximum concentration of 21 µg/L in 1997. However, this compound is a common field and laboratory contaminant. Several VOCs (including acetone, chloroform and methyl ethyl ketone) and the pesticide (chloramben) were also detected in a few samples (primarily collected prior to 2007) and are further considered in the risk screening. Groundwater analytical data for monitoring wells associated with Training Area A-5 is presented in Appendix A.

Soil Investigations

One 30-point composite sample (SSWB004) was collected and submitted for explosives and perchlorate analyses in January 2006 as part of a site investigation encompassing the Western Boundary area. This sample was located on the eastern edge of Area A-5. All explosives and perchlorate results were non-detect. The analytical results from this sample were also presented and discussed in the Final Western Boundary Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (Tetra Tech 2009b).

Geophysics

No geophysical surveys have been conducted at Training Area A-5. There is no available information linking Training Area A-5 with tear gas training. In addition, from 1980 to 1998 only one OE item (a 3.5-inch rocket) was discovered in Training Area A-5.

Response Actions

No groundwater or soil remedial response actions have been implemented as a result of investigation findings for Training Area A-5. A site reconnaissance of Training Area A-5 was conducted in June 2017. Several fighting positions were observed at the southeast corner of the Training Area. No evidence of munitions use or munitions debris was observed.

Risk Screening

A single detection of 2,6-DNT in groundwater was found in a sample from MW-84M1, which is located near the western boundary of Area A-5. 2,6-DNT was not detected in MW-84M1 during any of the eight subsequent rounds of sampling for explosives at the well location, nor was 2,6-DNT detected in the other three monitored intervals (S, M2, and M3) at this location. Perchlorate has been frequently detected, but only the maximum detected concentration exceeded the lowest screening criteria (the MCP GW-1 Standard). The maximum detected concentration of chromium (5 µg/L from location MW-80M2 in 1999) exceeded the Tapwater RSL for hexavalent chromium (0.035 µg/L), but was less than the RSL for trivalent chromium (22,000 µg/L), and the MCL (100 µg/L) and the MCP GW-1 Standard (100 µg/L) for total chromium. More recent chromium results (2010-2012) for A-5 monitoring wells have ranged from non-detect to 0.65 µg/L. Thallium was detected in monitoring wells MW-82M1, MW-82M2, MW-84S and MW-84M3. At each location it was detected once and was not detected in subsequent sampling events. More recent thallium results (2010-2012) for A-5 monitoring wells have ranged from non-detect to 0.063 J µg/L. Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate was sporadically


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-12

detected and most likely was a laboratory contaminant. It has not been detected in more recent sampling events (2010-2012). There was a single detection of cis-1,3-dichloropropene in 2003. It has not been detected in more recent sampling events.

Analyte Frequency

of Detection

Maximum Detected


MCL (µg/L)

Health Advisory

(µg/L)

Tapwater RSL

(µg/L) MCP GW-1

(µg/L)

2,6-DINITROTOLUENE 1/317 27 J MW-84M1 8/24/2001 - 0.05 0.05 -

PERCHLORATE 146/520 2.26 J MW-80M1 4/4/2002 2 15 14 2

CHROMIUM, TOTAL 22/170 5 MW-80M2 9/27/1999 100 100 0.035 100

THALLIUM 4/170 5 J MW-84M3 8/27/2001 2 7 0.2 2

bis(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE 12/172 21 XXLRWS2-6 10/20/1997 6 3 5.6 6

cis-1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE 1/280 0.5 J MW-80M1 9/15/2003 - 0.4 0.47 0.4 Note: The Massachusetts MCL for perchlorate is 2 ug/L. A Federal MCL is currently being developed. Tapwater RSL for chromium VI listed. RSL for chromium III is 22,000 µg/L. Highlighted numbers indicate sample exceeds criteria.

Training Area A-5 lies to the west of the Central Impact Area and largely south of the main Central Impact Area groundwater plume. The source of the groundwater perchlorate detections in this area is uncertain.

There was only one soil sample collected from Training Area A-5 (SSWB004). This sample was analyzed for explosives and perchlorate. Nothing was detected.

Recommendations

The perchlorate contamination detected in groundwater at this Training Area has been addressed under the Western Boundary Operable Unit. The single detection of 2,6-DNT in well MW-84M1 in 2001 was not confirmed in any of the eight subsequent sampling rounds at this well. No additional response action is recommended at this Training Area.

4.2.3 Area A-6


Training Area A-6 comprises approximately 327 acres located west of the Impact Area (Figure 4-3). It is bounded by Wheelock Road on the south, Frank Perkins Road on the north and east, and the JBCC property boundary to the west. Area A-6 is a heavily wooded area located immediately north of Training Area A-5 and southwest of Training Area B-7. This area slopes downward to the west along the JBCC boundary and encompasses Production Well #4 belonging to the Bourne Water District. A 1970s-era range layout map identifies this area as Range 6 (USACE 1999). Other than a single archive reference to tear gas use near gun position GP-24 located in the southeastern corner along Wheelock Road (Ogden 1997a), no well-defined information regarding this form of training activity has been discovered for this area.

Training Area A-6 is believed to have been used for standard training activities including small unit maneuvers, patrolling exercises, and bivouacs. Any small arms training would likely have involved the use of blanks. The ASR (USACE 2002a) does not indicate any use of heavier


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-13

munitions or ordnance in this area with the exception of Gun Position GP-24 located within Area A-6.

Training exercises involving tear gas on Wheelock Road across from the Range Control facility were referred to in one historical range use interview (Ogden 1997a). However, it is not clear from the interview reference or from aerial photographs, specifically where these activities may have taken place. Possible locations include cleared areas on the south side of Wheelock Road near Pine Hill in what is now the northern limits of Training Area A-5 (including Land Nav II) and Training Area BA-4, and north of Wheelock Road at the former Anti-Aircraft Miniature Range (Former D Range) adjacent to Pine Hill. No other historical information regarding this form of training in this area has been identified. Ordnance discoveries at Area A-6 include one artillery simulator discovered at GP-24.

Groundwater

Several groundwater monitoring wells are located within or along the perimeter of Training Area A-6. The locations of these wells are indicated in Figure 4-3. Groundwater flow is toward the west. The western boundary of the Central Impact Area lies upgradient of the eastern portion of Training Area A-6. A number of monitoring wells (including MW-233, MW-257 and MW-280) are located in the north-central portion of area. Several monitoring wells are located along the downgradient western boundary of the area, which is also the JBCC site boundary. There are several monitoring wells located along the upgradient eastern boundary of the area along (or immediately east of) Frank Perkins Road. Two wells (MW-226 and MW269) are located along the southern boundary along Wheelock Road. Representative groundwater monitoring wells included in the risk screening are identified in Table 4-1. Groundwater analyses at representative monitoring wells associated with Training Area A-6 have included explosives, perchlorate, semivolatiles, volatiles, pesticides, TAL metals and water quality parameters.

Maximum detected groundwater concentrations for the representative monitoring wells are presented in Table 4-2C. Only one explosive compound has been reported in representative on-site or downgradient monitoring wells located at Training Area A-6. RDX was detected in one sample (out of 204) in 2012 from well MW-213M2 at an estimated concentration of 0.048 µg/L. This well is located in the southwestern portion of Training Area A-6 along the JBCC site boundary. Perchlorate has been detected in numerous monitoring well samples. However, the reported concentrations are in most cases comparatively low with the maximum concentration (2.8 µg/L) reported for a sample collected from well MW-233M3 in 2006. Perchlorate concentrations have been below 1 µg/L since 2009. It appears possible that the RDX and perchlorate detections may reflect downgradient migration of these contaminants from the Central Impact Area.

The majority of the TAL metals have been reported in one or more samples at levels generally comparable to JBCC groundwater background concentrations, although the maximum detected concentrations of a few metals (including iron and aluminum) are above background levels. Copper (total) has been detected in several samples (nine out of 57) at a maximum concentration of 31.6 µg/L in well MW213M3 in 2006. Lead (total) has only been detected in two samples (out of 57) at a maximum concentration of 3.6 µg/L in well MW-81M1 in 1999. One SVOC (bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate) and two pesticides (alpha BHC and beta BHC) were detected in one or


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-14

more samples. Several VOCs (including chloroform, t-butyl methyl ether and toluene) were detected in certain samples (primarily collected prior to 2007) at wells MW-81 and MW-213 and are further considered in the Risk Screening. Groundwater analytical data for monitoring wells associated with Training Area A-6 is presented in Appendix A.

Soil Investigations

Available historical information does not provide any clear evidence of tear gas training, munitions use or areas of possible soil contamination. Therefore, soil samples were not collected in the Training Area A-6.

Historic ordnance discoveries (1980-1998) at Training Area A-6 include one artillery simulator found near GP-24. Extensive field reconnaissance and soil sampling has been conducted at GP-24. No evidence of munitions disposal or burial was observed. Detailed discussion of investigations at GP-24 are presented in the Final Gun and Mortar Investigation Report (Tetra Tech 2011).

Response Actions

No groundwater or soil remedial response actions have been implemented as a result of investigation findings for Training Area A-6.

Risk Screening

There have been 21 sampling events at MW-213M2. RDX was detected in one sample at an estimated concentration of 0.048 µg/L in March 2012, which is well below the most stringent screening criteria (the RSL of 0.7 µg/L). Perchlorate has been frequently detected, but only the maximum detected concentration exceeded the lowest screening criteria (the MCP GW-1 Standard). The maximum detected concentration of chromium (14 µg/L from location MW-81M1 in 2000) exceeded the Tapwater RSL for hexavalent chromium (0.035 µg/L), but was less than the RSL for trivalent chromium (22,000 µg/L), and the MCL (100 µg/L) and the MCP GW-1 Standard (100 µg/L) for total chromium. More recent chromium results (2010-2012) for A-6 monitoring wells have ranged from non-detect to 0.42 J µg/L.

Training Area A-6 lies to the west of the Central Impact Area and portions of this area lie within the southern confines of the Central Impact Area groundwater plume. As such, RDX and perchlorate detections in this area might be associated with the Central Impact Area plume.

Analyte Frequency

of Detection

Maximum Detected


MCL (µg/L)

Health Advisory

(µg/L)

Tapwater RSL

(µg/L) MCP GW-1

(µg/L)

RDX 1/204 0.48 J MW-213M2 3/16/2012 - 2 0.7 1

PERCHLORATE 164/480 2.8 MW-233M3 5/16/2006 2 15 14 2

CHROMIUM, TOTAL 11/57 14 J MW-81M1 4/7/2000 100 100 0.035 100 Note: The Massachusetts MCL for perchlorate is 2 ug/L. A Federal MCL is currently being developed. Tapwater RSL for chromium VI listed. RSL for chromium III is 22,000 µg/L. Highlighted numbers indicate sample exceeds criteria.

There is no soil data available for Training Area A-6.


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-15

Recommendations

The perchlorate contamination detected in groundwater at this Training Area is being addressed under the Western Boundary Operable Unit. No additional response action is recommended at this Training Area.

4.2.4 Area B-7 [Pine Hill]


Training Area B-7 is comprised of approximately 293 acres located west of the Impact Area and is bounded on the north by the B-8 Range, on the west by the A-6 Range and on the south by the BA-4 Range (Figure 4-4). Area B-7 is a heavily wooded training area and lies within the hills of the Buzzards Bay Moraine. This training area encompasses Former C and Former D Ranges (part of the Small Arms Ranges Operable Unit) as well as the current Range Control compound.

Pine Hill is located in the southernmost portion of Training Area B-7 near the Range Control facility, and is the former location of the Anti-Aircraft Miniature Range (Former D Range). Small clearings and ground scars currently exist from excavation activities at Former D Range.

Training Area B-7 is believed to have been used for standard training activities including small unit maneuvers, patrolling exercises, and bivouacs. Any small arms training outside of Former C and Former D Ranges would likely have involved the use of blanks. Rifle and machine gun ammunition were used at Former C and Former D Ranges. The ASR (USACE 2002a) does not indicate any use of heavier munitions or ordnance in Area B-7. No specific information on the historic use of smokes in this area has been identified.

Groundwater

A number groundwater monitoring wells are located within or along the perimeter of Training Area B-7. The locations of these wells are indicated in Figure 4-4. Groundwater flow is toward the west. The western boundary of the Central Impact Area lies upgradient of the eastern portion of Training Area B-7. Two monitoring wells (MW-174 and MW-282) are located in the south-central portion of the area. Both wells are located within the perimeter of Former D Range. Monitoring well MW-182 is located in the northeastern portion of the site. Several monitoring wells are located along (or just beyond) the downgradient western boundary of the area along Frank Perkins Road. There are also several monitoring wells located along the upgradient eastern boundary of the area along Burgoyne Road. Representative groundwater monitoring wells included in the risk screening are identified in Table 4-1. Groundwater analyses at representative monitoring wells associated with Training Area B-7 have included explosives, perchlorate, semivolatiles, volatiles, pesticides, TAL metals and water quality parameters.

Maximum detected groundwater concentrations for the representative monitoring wells are presented in Table 4-2D. No explosives have been reported in representative on-site or downgradient monitoring wells located at Training Area B-7. Perchlorate has been detected in 17 of 77 monitoring well samples. Thirteen of the detections were in MW-267M1, with detections above 2 µg/L in only the first two sampling events (May and June 2003). Three other detections were in MW-282M2 at a maximum concentration of 0.052 µg/L and there was one detection in MW-282M1 (0.064 µg/L). All three of these wells are in the Western Boundary Operable Unit.


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-16

The majority of the TAL metals have been reported in one or more samples at levels generally comparable to JBCC groundwater background concentrations. The maximum reported concentration of iron (800 µg/L) is above background levels. Copper (total) has been detected in four samples (out of 21 analyses) at a maximum concentration of 3.6 µg/L in a sample from well MW-174S in 2012. Lead (total) has also been detected in several samples at a maximum concentration of 7.3 µg/L in a sample from well MW-174S in 2012. One pesticide (pentachloronitrobenzene), one SVOC (bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate) and several VOCs (including acetone, chloroform, toluene and xylene) were detected one or more groundwater samples and are further evaluated in the risk screening. Groundwater analytical data for monitoring wells associated with Training Area B-7 are presented in Appendix A.

Soil Investigations

Extensive soil sampling has been conducted at Former C and Former D Small Arms Ranges, which lie within Area B-7. Soil data associated with these investigations has been presented and discussed in the Final Small Arms Ranges Investigation Report (Tetra Tech 2014a). No other soil samples have been collected at this Training Area.

Geophysics

No geophysical surveys have been conducted in Training Area B-7. Available historical information does not indicate evidence of significant munitions use outside of Former C and Former D Ranges. In addition, the Archives Search Report indicates that from 1980 to 1998 only one artillery simulator and six hand grenades were discovered in this area.

Response Actions

No groundwater or soil remedial response actions have been implemented as a result of investigation findings for Training Area B-7.

Risk Screening

Perchlorate has been frequently detected in one monitoring well associated with Training Area B-7, but only the two highest detected concentration (both collected in 2003) exceeded the lowest screening criteria (the MCP GW-1 Standard). The maximum detected concentration of chromium (2.1 µg/L from location MW-174S in 2002) exceeded the Tapwater RSL for hexavalent chromium (0.035 µg/L), but was less than the RSL for trivalent chromium (22,000 µg/L), and the MCL (100 µg/L) and the MCP GW-1 Standard (100 µg/L) for total chromium. More recent chromium results (2010-2015) for B-7 monitoring wells have ranged from non-detect to 0.9 J µg/L. Pentachloronitrobenzene was detected in the three samples from the Rangecon supply well. The reason this former water supply well was tested for this fungicide is uncertain. Pentachloronitrobenzene is not on the Target Analyte / Target Compound List but does have an EPA Tapwater RSL (0.12 µg/L). Although 4,4’-dichlorobiphenyl was detected in samples from the Rangecon supply well, there are no screening criteria for this compound. The reason this former water supply well was tested for 4,4’-dichlorobiphenyl is uncertain. 4,4’-Dichlorobiphenyl is not a Target Analyte / Target Compound List VOCs and there are no associated screening criteria. Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate was sporadically detected and most likely was a laboratory contaminant. It was detected in duplicate samples from the Rangecon well and in two different samples from MW-22. It was not detected in four other samples collected on this same date and


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-17

was not detected in subsequent samples from the Rangecon well. It was not detected in the only other SVOC sample collected from MW-22.

The portion of Training Area B-7 in which perchlorate has historically been detected lies within the Western Boundary Operable Unit.

Analyte Frequency

of Detection

Maximum Detected


MCL (µg/L)

Health Advisory

(µg/L) Tapwater

RSL (µg/L) MCP GW-1

(µg/L)

PERCHLORATE 17/77 2.89 MW-267M1 5/30/2003 2 15 14 2

CHROMIUM, TOTAL 10/31 2.1 J MW-174S 10/1/2002 100 100 0.035 100

PENTACHLORONITRO-BENZENE 3/3 6 Rangecon 7/15/1999 - - 0.12 -

4,4'-DICHLOROBIPHENYL 14/14 104 Rangecon 11/20/2003 - - - -

bis(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE 4/21 96 MW-22 11/24/1997 6 3 5.6 6 Note: The Massachusetts MCL for perchlorate is 2 ug/L. A Federal MCL is currently being developed. Tapwater RSL for chromium VI listed. RSL for chromium III is 22,000 µg/L. Highlighted numbers indicate sample exceeds criteria.

There is no soil data available for Training Area B-7.

Recommendations

The perchlorate contamination detected in groundwater at this Training Area has been addressed under the Western Boundary Operable Unit. A sample should be collected to confirm the detection of pentachloronitrobenzene (a fungicide) at the Rangecon well. Former C and Former D Ranges have been evaluated under the Small Arms Range Operable Unit. Historical data and sampling results for both ranges are discussed in the Final Small Arms Ranges Investigation Report (Tetra Tech 2014). In addition, remedial activities including soil lead removal have been conducted at Former D Range.

The detections from the small potable water supply well at Range Control were from water samples collected almost 20 years ago in the late 1990s. It is suspected that the detection of 6 ppb of the fungicide pentachloronitrobenzene was the result of disinfection of the well at some time in the past. There is no reason to suspect that the detection reflects contamination in the aquifer near Range Control. This water well was taken out of service in the mid-2000s and a replacement well was installed. It is unlikely that fungicides would be detected , since a new well has been installed and no additional sampling is warranted.

4.2.5 Area B-8

4.2.5.1 Description and Background

Training Area B-8 is comprised of approximately 411 acres located west of the Impact Area (Figure 4-5) and bounded on the north by Wood Road, south by Monument Beach Road, east by Burgoyne Road, and west by the JBCC property boundary. Significant geographic features within Area B-8 include Donnely and Little Halfway Ponds. Area B-8 is heavily wooded and lies largely within the Buzzards Bay Moraine, immediately north of Training Areas A-6 and B-7. Area B-8 encompasses Former B Range. Narrow land navigation trails and clearings exist throughout the area. A 1970s era range layout map, which designates Area B-8 as Range 7 (USACE 1999), shows Mortar Position Old MP-2 and Old Range B (a former rifle and machine gun range) located in the southernmost limits of Area B-8.


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-18

Training Area B-8 is believed to have been used for standard training activities including small unit maneuvers, patrolling exercises, and bivouacs. Any small arms training would likely have involved the use of blanks although rifle and machine gun ammunition would have been used at Old B Range. The ASR (USACE 2002a) does not indicate any use of heavier munitions or ordnance in this area with the exception of mortar position Old MP-2 located within Area B-8.

No specific historical information on chemical warfare (tear gas) training exercises conducted in Area B-8 has been discovered, although it is possible that some training might have been conducted in the area south of Donnely Pond (Donnely Pond is discussed in Section 4.5.2). Historic discoveries of ordnance (1982-1992) at Area B-8 include two artillery simulators and two grenade simulators. The specific locations at which the simulators were discovered are uncertain.

Groundwater

A number groundwater monitoring wells are located within or along the perimeter of Training Area B-8. The locations of these wells are indicated in Figure 4-5. Groundwater flow is toward the northwest. The western boundary of the Central Impact Area lies upgradient of the eastern portion of Training Area B-8. Two monitoring wells (MW-475 and MW-476) are located in the southwestern portion of area. One monitoring well (BHW215083) is located just downgradient of the western boundary of the area which is also the western boundary of JBCC. Numerous monitoring wells are located along the upgradient eastern boundary of the area along Burgoyne Road. Most of these wells are located downgradient of the Central Impact Area and are also downgradient of the B, C and D Small Arms Ranges. Representative groundwater monitoring wells included in the risk screening are identified in Table 4-1. Groundwater analyses at representative monitoring wells within Training Area B-8 have been primarily limited to TAL metals.

Maximum detected groundwater concentrations for the representative monitoring wells are presented in Table 4-2E. RDX and perchlorate have been detected in some wells upgradient of Training Area B-8. However, these detections are associated with groundwater contaminant migration from the Central Impact Area. Several metals (arsenic, barium, chromium (total), iron, selenium and zinc) have been reported in some samples from well MW-475S in the southwestern corner of Training Area B-8 at levels generally comparable to JBCC groundwater background concentrations. Copper (total) has been detected in four samples (out of 20 analyses) at a maximum concentration of 63.7 µg/L in a sample collected in 2014. Zinc has also been detected in four samples (out of 20 analyses) at a maximum concentration of 16.9 µg/L in a sample collected in 2014. Lead (total) has not been detected in samples from this well. Groundwater analytical data for monitoring wells associated with Training Area B-8 is further considered in the risk screening and presented in Appendix A.

Soil Investigations

Soil samples have been collected in Area B-8 but were associated with investigations at the Former A Anti-Tank Range and Former B Range (Small Arms Range) and mortar position Old MP-2. Analytical data for these samples has previously been presented and discussed in the respective reports associated with these areas.


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-19

Geophysics

Historic discoveries of ordnance (1980-1998) include two artillery simulators and two grenade simulators.

A geophysical investigation was conducted at Donnely Pond under the Munitions Survey Phase I Program (Tetra Tech 2003).

Response Actions

No groundwater or soil remedial response actions have been implemented as a result of investigation findings for Training Area B-8.

Risk Screening

Although the maximum detected concentration of chromium (0.6 J µg/L from location MW-475S in 2009) exceeded the Tapwater RSL for hexavalent chromium (0.035 µg/L), it was less than the RSL for trivalent chromium (22,000 µg/L), and the MCL (100 µg/L) and the MCP GW-1 Standard (100 µg/L) for total chromium and was less than background concentrations of chromium. More recent chromium results (2010-2014) for B-8 monitoring wells have ranged from non-detect to 0.189 J µg/L.


Detection

Maximum Detected


MCL (µg/L)

Health Advisory

(µg/L)

Tapwater RSL

(µg/L) MCP GW-1

(µg/L)

CHROMIUM, TOTAL 4/26 6 J MW-475S 3/27/2009 100 100 0.035 100 Note: Tapwater RSL for chromium VI listed. RSL for chromium III is 22,000 µg/L. Highlighted numbers indicate sample exceeds criteria.

There is no soil data available for Training Area B-8.

Recommendations

Based upon a review of the investigation and risk screening results, no further action is recommended for Area B-8. Former A Range, Former B Range and Old MP-2 have been evaluated in separate reports. Former A Range was evaluated in the Final Former A Range Investigation Report, Former B Range in the Final Small Arms Range Investigation Report and Old MP-2 in the Final Gun and Mortar Position Investigation Report.

4.2.6 Area C-13


Training Area C-13 is comprised of 578 acres and is located north of the Impact Area. It is bounded on the north by Route 6, on the south by Gibbs Road, on the west by Cat Road, and on the east by North Avery Road. Area C-13 is a heavily wooded area stretching from Gibbs Road northward to the JBCC boundary (Figure 4-6). The area lies near where the Buzzards Bay Moraine and Sandwich Moraines meet. It is relatively hilly. Significant features of this training area include the PAVE PAWS radar station located midway along the western border of Area C-13. Gun Position GP-22 is also located within the limits of the training area on Monument Swamp Road.

Training Area C-13 is believed to have been used for standard training activities including small unit maneuvers, patrolling exercises, and bivouacs. Any small arms training would likely have


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-20

involved the use of blanks. The ASR (USACE 2002a) does not indicate any use of heavier munitions or ordnance in this area with the exception of Gun Position GP-22. No specific information regarding pyrotechnic smoke use within the limits of Area C-13 has been identified.

Groundwater

Three groundwater monitoring wells are located in the west central portion of Training Area C-13. The locations of these wells are indicated on Figure 4-6. As indicated, groundwater flow in this portion of JBCC is toward the northwest. All three wells are located within the perimeter of the Air Force PAVE PAWS Communications Facility. The wells are identified as PPAWSMW-1, MW-2 and MW-3, respectively. Two additional wells (PPAWSPW-1 and PPAWSPW-2) are located in the northern portion of the PAVE PAWS facility adjacent to Cat Road. There are no monitoring wells immediately downgradient of Area C-13. Several monitoring wells are located generally upgradient of Area C-13 within Area C-14. Representative groundwater monitoring wells included in the risk screening are identified in Table 4-1. Explosives and perchlorate have been analyzed in wells PPAWSPW-1 and PPAWSPW-2 (Table 4-1).

All groundwater analytical results for explosives and perchlorate in samples from wells PPAWSPW-1 and PPAWSPW-2 within Area C-13 were non-detect (Table 4-2F). Groundwater analytical data for monitoring wells is presented in Appendix A and further considered in the risk screening.

Soil Investigations

Soil samples were collected from one location within the C-13 Training Area (SS99A) in May of 2000. Although uncertain, this sampling location may have been associated with GP-22, which was located in this area. Two 5-point composite samples were collected from 0 to 6 inches and 18 to 24 inches bgs. Samples were submitted for a full suite of analyses including explosives, VOCs, SVOCs, pesticides/PCBs, herbicides, TAL metals and miscellaneous parameters (ammonia, nitrate/nitrite, total phosphorous and TOC).

The results for VOCs, SVOCs and explosives were non-detect in both samples. Low levels of the common laboratory contaminant, acetone, were detected in both samples. The pesticide compound, p,p’-DDT, was detected at 1.8 µg/Kg in the sample collected from 0 to 6 inches bgs and the herbicide compound, 2,4,5-T, was detected in the sample collected from 18 to 24 inches bgs. Several TAL metals including aluminum, arsenic, barium, beryllium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, lead, nickel, vanadium and zinc were detected in both samples at levels generally comparable to JBCC background (Table 4-5). The maximum concentrations of copper (1.2 mg/Kg) and lead (3.9 mg/Kg) were detected in the sample collected from 18 to 24 inches bgs. The miscellaneous parameters, noted above, were reported at low levels in one or both samples with the exception of TOC from the 0 to 6 inches bgs sample at 11,000 mg/Kg. Analytical results for these samples are summarized in Appendix B.

Geophysics

No OE-related items have been discovered at Training Area C-13. In addition, no evidence of actual smoke-related use has been discovered at this area. No geophysical investigations have been conducted at Training Area C-13 outside of GP-22.


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-21

Geophysical investigations have previously been conducted at and around Gun Position GP-22 as one of 17 investigations at gun and mortar sites. Consistent with overall MSP evaluations, investigations included vegetation clearance, conducting UXO sweeps and mapping the site. Geophysical investigations involved the use of a Geonics EM61 time-domain electromagnetic detector, capable of detecting metallic objects to a depth of approximately two meters. Scintrex Cesium Vapor Smart Mag instrumentation was also used for ferrous metal detection. Details of these investigations are presented in the Final Munitions Survey Project (MSP) Phase I Report (USACE 2003).

In addition to an area of approximately 85 by 70 meters at the GP-22 firing position, several trails within Training Area C-13 in the vicinity of GP-22 were also investigated using EM-61. Overall, approximately 200 meters of trails in the vicinity of GP-22 were surveyed, including trails located to the north, south and west of the firing position. The geophysical anomalies at GP-22 were further investigated by physically digging selected target locations. In addition, several anomaly locations were further investigated during the MSP Phase 3 program. No significant targets were detected. Items recovered included scrap and debris material including cans, stakes and several blank bullet cartridges. The overall evaluation of GP-22 is presented in the Final Gun and Mortar Position Investigation Report (Tetra Tech 2011) and the respective MSP Reports.

Response Actions

No groundwater or soil remedial response actions have been implemented as a result of investigation findings for Training Area C-13.

Risk Screening

The only COPC identified as a result of the site-wide groundwater risk screening was perchlorate. However, explosives or perchlorate were not detected in any groundwater samples from the representative wells evaluated in conjunction with this training area.

Explosives were not detected in soil samples for Training Area C-13. Soil samples were not analyzed for perchlorate. Cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, manganese, and thallium were consistent with background levels. Acetone, 2,4,5-T and DDT were detected at concentrations less than screening criteria.

Recommendations

Based upon a review of the investigation and risk screening results, no further action is recommended for Area C-13. The location of gun position GP-22 lies within the geographic boundaries of Training Area C-13. However, GP-22 was evaluated in the Final Gun and Mortar Position Investigation Report (Tetra Tech 2011).

4.2.7 Area C-14


Training Area C-14 is comprised of 524 acres and located north of the Impact Area. It is bounded by Route 6 on the north, by Gibbs Road to the south, by North Avery Road to the west and by Spruce Swamp Road to the east (Figure 4-7). Area C-14 is a heavily wooded area lying within the Sandwich Moraine and stretching southeast from Training Area C-13. This area is hilly with


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-22

exposed glacial boulders and encompasses Gibbs Pond and Spruce Swamp. Significant features within Training Area C-14 also include the Former E-3 Range (now known as Demolition Area 2), and the Fuel Spill FS-14 site. The Engineer Training Site (ETS) is also believed to have been located in Training Area C-14.

Training Area C-14 is believed to have been used for standard training activities including small unit maneuvers, patrolling exercises, and bivouacs. Any small arms training would likely have involved the use of blanks. Interview information compiled in the ASR (USACE 2002a) indicates that Area C-14 was frequently used for bivouacs in the early 1970's. Field activities included brush clearance as well as work on Gibbs Road. One interviewee also indicated that rifle training was typically conducted at Former A Range. The ASR does not indicate any use of heavier munitions or ordnance in this area. There is also no information indicating the use of explosives outside of Demolition Area 2. With the exception of several cleared areas possibly used for troop training along Goat Pasture Road, no other evidence or information on tear gas or pyrotechnic smoke use within Training Area C-14 has been identified.

Groundwater

A number of groundwater monitoring wells are located within or along the perimeter of Training Area C-14. The locations of these wells are indicated in Figure 4-7. Groundwater flow is toward the north. The northern boundary of the Central Impact Area lies to the south (upgradient) of the southern end of Training Area C-14. A number of monitoring wells (including MW-160, MW-260, MW-380 and MW-406) are located in the south-central portion of the area. This was the location of Demolition Area 2. Several additional monitoring wells (including 11MW0001, -02, -03, and -04 are located in the southeastern corner of the area proximate to Spruce Swamp Road. One monitoring well (SDW263111) is located downgradient of the area, across Route 6. Several additional wells are located to the west of the area (cross-gradient to groundwater flow) at the PAVE PAWS site. Representative groundwater monitoring wells included in the risk screening are identified in Table 4-1. Groundwater analyses at representative monitoring wells within Training Area C-14 have included explosives, perchlorate, semivolatiles, volatiles, TAL metals and water quality parameters.

Maximum detected groundwater concentrations for the representative monitoring wells are presented in Table 4-2G. Two explosives (RDX and HMX) have been detected in a few groundwater samples from certain monitoring wells within Training Area C-14. RDX was detected in 14 samples (out of 90), in all cases at concentrations less than 1 µg/L. The maximum detected concentration was 0.79 µg/L reported for a sample collected in 2006 from MW-435M2 in the north-central portion of the area. HMX has been detected in 3 samples (out of 90) at trace concentrations. The maximum detected concentration was 0.07 µg/L (estimated) in a sample collected in 2012 from MW-435M2. It appears probable that the RDX detections may reflect downgradient migration of this contaminant from Demolition Area 2. Perchlorate has not been detected in groundwater samples from wells within Training Area C-14.

Several metals (arsenic, boron, iron, nickel, thallium and zinc among others) were reported in some samples collected in 1999 from certain wells located in Training Area C-14 at levels generally comparable to JBCC groundwater background concentrations. Copper and lead were not reported in any samples collected from wells within this Training Area. Zinc was reported at a


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-23

maximum concentration of 2.4 µg/L in a sample from well LRMW0001 in 1999. One SVOC (bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate) and two volatiles (toluene and chloroform) have been detected in one or more samples and are further considered within the risk screening. Groundwater analytical data for monitoring wells associated with Training Area C-14 is presented in Appendix A.

Soil Investigations

Soil samples have been collected in Area C-14 but were associated with the investigation at Demolition Area 2. The results have been presented and discussed in the Demolition Area 2 Remedial Investigation Report (USACE 2009). No soil samples have been collected within other portions of Training Area C-14. Gibbs Pond surface water and sediment data is presented and discussed in Section 4.5.5 of the current report.

Geophysics

According to the Archives Search Report, no OE-related items have been reported at Training Area C-14 during field reconnaissance. MSP evaluations did not indicate evidence of ordinance use or possible munitions disposal at Area C-14. Therefore, no geophysical investigations have been conducted at this area. However, geophysical investigations have been conducted at Demolition Area 2 and are considered under that operable unit.

Response Actions

Outside of Demolition Area 2, no groundwater or soil remedial response actions have been implemented as a result of investigation findings for Training Area C-14. A site inspection of Training Area C-14 was conducted on June 15, 2017. Several bivouac sites were observed at the southern part of C-14. The ETS location was also observed near the center of the training area. In addition, a small bunker constructed of timbers, rocks and sand bags was noted on the east side of Goat Pasture Road near Demolition Area 2. This bunker was inspected again on July 12, 2017 and, given its construction and orientation, this bunker was probably used to observe demolition activities happening across the road at Demolition Area 2. It is unlikely that this or similar observation bunkers are sources of contamination.

Risk Screening

RDX was detected in well MW-435M2 which is one of the Demolition Area 2 monitoring wells located in Training Area C-14. RDX has been sporadically detected at MW-435M2. Of the 18 sampling events at MW-435M2, only the initial concentration 0.79 µg/L exceeds the most stringent screening criteria (the RSL of 0.7 µg/L). RDX has been detected in other monitoring wells associated with Demolition Area 2. HMX was also detected, but the maximum concentration was below the most stringent screening criteria (the MCP GW-1 Standard of 200 µg/L). Perchlorate was not detected in any of the groundwater samples from the representative wells evaluated in conjunction with Training Area C-14. Thallium was detected in one sample from location LRMW0001 but not detected in the field duplicate or in subsequent sampling events. Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate was detected in a single sample from LRMW0001.


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-24

Analyte Frequency

of Detection

Maximum Detected


MCL (µg/L)

Health Advisory

(µg/L)

Tapwater RSL

(µg/L) MCP GW-1

(µg/L)

RDX 14/88 0.79 MW-435M2 3/20/2006 - 2 0.7 1

HMX 3/88 0.077 J MW-435M2 10/3/2012 - 400 1,000 200

THALLIUM 1/5 5.2 J LRMW0001 1/6/1999 2 7 0.2 2

bis(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE 1/4 78 J LRMW0001 10/6/1999 6 3 5.6 6

Note: Highlighted numbers indicate sample exceeds criteria.

There was no soil data available for Training Area C-14.

Recommendations

The RDX contamination detected in groundwater at this Training Area is being addressed under the Demolition Area 2 Operable Unit. Geophysical screening will be conducted at the ETS as described further in Section 4.2.10. No other actions are recommended for Area C-14.

4.2.8 Area C-15 (smokes)


Training Area C-15 is comprised of 587 acres and is located to the north of the Impact Area (Figure 4-8). It is bounded on the north by Route 6, on the south by Gibbs Road, on the west by Spruce Swamp Road, and by Barlow Road to the east. Area C-15 is a heavily wooded area lying to the southeast of Training Area C-14. This area is hilly with boulders and topography typical of areas in the Sandwich Moraine. This training area encompasses production well #3 for the Cape Cod Cooperative Water Supply. The principal geographic feature identified in aerial photographs is Raccoon Swamp located in the northwest portion of the training area.

Training Area C-15 is believed to have been used for standard training activities including small unit maneuvers, patrolling exercises, and bivouacs. Any small arms training would likely have involved the use of blanks. Interview information compiled in the ASR (USACE 2002a) indicates that Area C-15 was frequently used for bivouacs in the early 1970's. Field activities included brush clearance as well as work on Gibbs Road. The ASR does not indicate any use of heavier munitions or ordnance in this area.

With the exceptions of cleared areas possibly used for troop training adjacent to monitoring well MW-52 and along a northeast-southwest trending road bisecting the training area, no specific evidence or information on smoke use in Training Area C-15 has been identified. Area C-15 also includes the Spruce Swamp area, which might have been used for chemical warfare training. However, no evidence of chemical warfare training has been found.

Southern Landing Zone

The Southern Landing Zone (SLZ) of Training Area C-15 is located on the boundary of Training Areas C-15 and C-16 along Barlow Road (Figure 4-9). The SLZ is situated on the western side of Barlow Road adjacent to a bivouac area approximately one-half mile north of the intersection with Gibbs Road. The open area of the SLZ was approximately one acre in size and was essentially unvegetated apparently due to occasional regrading (Ogden 2000).


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-25

Training area landing zones, such as the SLZ, were typically used to train pilots and ground troops in maneuvers involving the field landing of helicopters. The use of smoke-generating pyrotechnic devices was an integral component to these training exercises in directing pilots to safe landing areas. Interviewees specifically referenced the use of pyrotechnic smokes in Training Area C-15 at this location. However, no record of ordnance discovery in the vicinity of this site has been identified. Several items including a single smoke grenade were found in adjacent Training Area C-16. Though details on the exact discovery locations were not provided, they may have been used in conjunction with training exercises at the SLZ and an adjacent bivouac site (Ogden 2000). Appendix E further discusses the chemical composition of smokes and potential environmental fate of these compounds.

During a field reconnaissance in April 2000, a single smoke grenade activation clip (spoon) was discovered on the northern edge of the SLZ. The discovery of this grenade spoon, recognized as a component of an M18 smoke grenade, is consistent with the use of the cleared area as a field landing site.

Groundwater

There are a number of monitoring wells located within and/or along the perimeters of Training Area C-15. The locations of these wells are indicated on Figure 4-8. As indicated, groundwater flow in this portion of JBCC is toward the north. The majority of the monitoring wells in Area C-15 are located in the upgradient portion of the site, in and along Gibbs Road. This includes wells MW-53, MW-54 and MW-55. Additional monitoring wells are located in the southwestern (MW-52 and MW-17) portion of the site. Several additional wells (including MW-465, MW-466, and MW-467) are located across Gibbs Road immediately upgradient of Area C-15 in the northern portions of SE/SW Range and T Range. The IBC Range, SE/SW Range, T Range and the northern portions of the Central Impact Area lie upgradient to the south of the Training Area C-15. Groundwater monitoring wells along Gibbs Road are positioned to monitor groundwater from these areas. Site investigations have not identified any groundwater plumes emanating from the IBC Range (discussed in Section 4.8) or the SE/SW and T Ranges which have been evaluated under the Small Arms Ranges Operable Unit. Multiple groundwater plumes consisting of explosives (primarily RDX) and perchlorate have been identified within the Central Impact Area. However, extensive investigations have indicated that these plumes are migrating toward the west and northwest and not towards the northeast toward Training Area C-15.

Representative groundwater monitoring wells included in the risk screening are identified in Table 4-1. Wells within Area C-15 have been sampled for explosives, perchlorate, semivolatiles, volatiles, pesticides, metals and water quality parameters. Maximum detected groundwater concentrations for the representative monitoring wells are presented in Table 4-2H-A. Explosives and perchlorate have not been detected in samples from representative wells within Area C-15. Most of the TAL metals have been detected in one or more samples from wells within Area C-15 although most of the trace metals were detected at relatively low concentrations. Copper was detected in 17 samples (out of 79) at a maximum concentration of 21.7 µg/L in a sample collected from well MW-52S in 2000. Lead was detected in four samples (out of 79) at a maximum concentration of 4.4 µg/L in a sample collected from MW-53M1 in 1999. In addition, molybdenum was detected in 41 samples (out of 79) at a maximum concentration of 132 µg/L in a sample collected from MW-53M1 in 1999. Chromium was also detected in a number of samples (26 out


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-26

of 79). The maximum concentration of chromium (45.1 µg/L) was detected in a sample from MW-53M1 in 1999. Several pesticides (including chloramben, gamma chlordane, dacthall and 2,4,5-T) were detected in one sample. One semivolatile (bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate) and three volatiles (acetone, toluene, and chloroform) were also detected in one or more samples and are further considered in the Risk Screening. Groundwater analytical data for monitoring wells associated with Area C-15 is presented in Appendix A.

As a follow up to the earlier groundwater sampling efforts for metals at Area C-15 discussed above, monitoring wells MW-17S, MW-52S and MW-53S were re-sampled for selected trace metals in March 2016. Specifically, at each well a sample was collected to confirm previous results for cadmium, chromium and manganese in support of the risk screening evaluation discussed in Section 4.2.8.5.

Results for the 2016 groundwater samples are presented in Table 4-2H-B. As indicated therein, results for cadmium in the three wells were uniformly low and ranged from non-detect to 0.17 ug/L (MW-17S). Results for manganese ranged from 34.2 ug/L (MW-53S) to 128 ug/L (MW-52S). Results for chromium were somewhat variable and ranged from 7.5 ug/L in MW-17S to 141 ug/L in MW-52S. The reported concentrations of cadmium and manganese were well below the maximum reported groundwater concentrations during earlier (1997-2000) sampling rounds. However, the maximum reported concentration of chromium (141 ug/L) was somewhat higher than the previously reported maximum concentration (45.1 ug/L – MW-53M1).

As indicated below, the reported chromium level was significantly higher than past levels reported at MW-52S. Previous chromium sampling at this well has indicated groundwater concentrations to be non-detect (nd).

Date 4/99 8/99 11/99 5/00 8/00 11/00 8/01 1/02 3/16

Cr. Conc (ug/l) nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd 141

Turbidity for the March 2016 sample was reported as 8.2 NTU and was significantly higher than past turbidity measurements at this well. This strongly suggests an abnormally high sediment content in the March 2016 sample. The presence of elevated sediment levels in the groundwater sample could readily account for the reported spike in chromium. Therefore, it appears possible that the elevated chromium level is a sampling artifact. Resampling this well for both filtered and unfiltered chromium was conducted on March 30, 2017. The unfiltered chromium result was 4.4J ug/L and the filtered result was non-detect. These results confirm the suspicion that the elevated chromium detection in the March 2016 sample was the result of elevated turbidity.

To further evaluate groundwater chromium, a query was run to identify the maximum detections of total chromium in groundwater for each of the monitoring wells included in the Training Areas Risk screening evaluation presented in this Report. The maximum reported total chromium concentrations are summarized in Table 4-2H-C. As indicated in Table 4-2H-C, almost all of the maximum groundwater chromium detections at Training Area wells range from non-detect (ND) to 10 ug/L. It is noted that two of the historically highest maximum chromium detections were found at MW-53M1 [45.1 ug/L on 12/7/2001] and MW-52M3 [22.1 ug/L on 12/7/2001] both located


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-27

in Area C-15. It is uncertain whether sampling procedures could have affected these results or not.

Soil Investigations

Soil boring samples were collected from two locations within the C-15 Training Area during drilling of monitoring wells MW-52 and MW-53 in January 1999. Three deep soil boring samples were collected: two from MW-52 at 331 feet bgs and 377 feet bgs and one from MW-53 at 293 feet bgs. All samples were submitted for VOC and SVOC analyses. The results for VOCs in the sample collected from 331 feet bgs at MW-52 were non-detect. Estimated levels of acetone and BTEX compounds were detected the sample collected from 377 feet bgs at MW-52 and in the sample collected from MW-52. The maximum SVOC concentration (phenol) detected was 2,900 µg/Kg in the soil boring sample collected from MW-53. SVOCs were all non-detect in the soil boring samples collected from MW-52.

As a result of the April 2000 field reconnaissance conducted by the IAGWSP and EPA at the SLZ, a single soil grid location (22-foot by 22-foot) was established at the SLZ centered on the location of a discovered smoke grenade (Figure 4-9). Two 5-point composite samples (SS213A) were collected from 0 to 6 inches and 18 to 24 inches bgs. Samples were submitted for a full suite of analyses including explosives, perchlorate, dyes, VOCs, SVOCs, pesticides/PCBs, herbicides, TAL metals and miscellaneous parameters (ammonia, nitrate/nitrite, total phosphorous and TOC).

The results for explosives, perchlorate, dyes, herbicides and pesticides/PCBs were non-detect in both samples. Low levels of the common laboratory contaminant, acetone, were detected in both samples with chloromethane and methyl ethyl ketone also detected in the shallow sample. Estimated levels (<50 µg/Kg) of four SVOCs (benzoic acid, chrysene, fluoranthene and pyrene) were detected in the shallow sample but were all non-detect in the deeper sample. Several TAL metals including aluminum, arsenic, barium, cadmium, calcium, chromium, cobalt, iron, magnesium, manganese, lead, nickel, potassium, vanadium and zinc were detected in both samples at levels comparable to JBCC background. The maximum concentration of copper detected was 6.6 mg/Kg in the shallow sample collected from 0 to 6 inches bgs. Lead was non-detect in both samples. The miscellaneous parameters, noted above, were reported at low levels in one or both samples with the exception of TOC from the 0 to 0.5 inch bgs sample at 10,700 mg/Kg. Analytical results for these samples are summarized in Appendix B.

Geophysics

No geophysical investigations have been conducted at Training Area C-15. As noted above, field reconnaissance was conducted at the SLZ in April 2000. A single grenade spoon was reported during this investigation.

Response Actions

No groundwater or soil remedial response actions have been implemented as a result of investigation findings for Training Area C-15.

Risk Screening

Perchlorate was not detected in any of the samples from Training Area C-15.


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-28

Cadmium was detected in groundwater samples from two different monitoring wells (MW-52M3 and MW-17S) but only the maximum detected concentration exceeded screening criteria. Chromium in excess of background levels was detected in monitoring wells associated with Training Area C-15 (MW-52M1, MW-52M2, MW-52M3, MW-53M1, MW-53M2). Although the maximum detected concentration of total chromium (an estimated concentration of 141 µg/L from location MW-52S in 2016) exceeded the Tapwater RSL for hexavalent chromium (0.035 µg/L) and the MCL (100 µg/L) and the MCP GW-1 Standard (100 µg/L) for total chromium, it was less than the RSL for trivalent chromium (22,000 µg/L) Manganese was frequently detected but only the two highest detected concentrations slightly exceeded the Tapwater RSL. Molybdenum was frequently detected but only the highest detected concentration exceeded the Tapwater RSL and the Health Advisory. At locations MW-52M3 and MW-53M1 thallium was not detected in subsequent sampling events. At location MW-52S there were three detections of thallium in successive quarterly sampling events but thallium was not detected in the most recent four sampling events. The single detection of pentachlorophenol from monitoring well MW-52M3 exceeded the RSL but not the MCL or MCP GW-1 Standard. The 38 other samples from Area C-15 monitoring wells were non-detect for pentachlorophenol. MCPP was detected in a single sample from monitoring well MW-52M3 but was not detected in the previous five rounds or subsequent three rounds of sampling at this location. Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate was sporadically detected and most likely was a laboratory contaminant. It was detected once in MW-17S, MW-17M1, MW-52M1, MW-52M2, and MW-53M3 and twice in MW-52M3 and MW-53M1. It was not detected in the other SVOC samples collected from these wells.

Analyte Frequency

of Detection

Maximum Detected


MCL (µg/L)

Health Advisory

(µg/L)

Tapwater RSL

(µg/L) MCP GW-1

(µg/L)

CADMIUM 3/82 12.2 MW-52M3 8/27/1999 5 5 9.2 5

CHROMIUM, TOTAL 29/82 141 J MW-52S 3/25/2016 100 100 0.035 100

MANGANESE 79/82 451 MW-17S 11/10/1997 - 300 430 -

MOLYBDENUM 41/75 132 MW-53M1 5/3/1999 - 40 100 -

THALLIUM 5/79 4.7 J MW-52S 5/23/2000 2 7 0.2 2

PENTACHLOROPHENOL 1/82 0.34 J MW-52M3 11/8/1999 1 40 0.04 1

MCPP 1/53 0.2 NJ MW-52M3 11/14/2000 - 30 16 -

bis(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE 9/39 0.12 J MW-17S 11/10/1997 6 3 5.6 6

Note: The 2016 data shown in Table 4-2H-B is included above. Tapwater RSL for chromium VI listed. RSL for chromium III is 22,000 µg/L. Highlighted numbers indicate sample exceeds criteria.

Perchlorate and explosives were not detected in soil samples collected from Training Area C-15. The concentrations of cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, manganese, and thallium in soil were consistent with background levels of these metals. A few PAHs were also detected (chrysene, fluoranthene, and pyrene at concentrations consistent with background levels. Acetone, 2-butanone, benzoic acid, and chloromethane were detected at concentrations less than MCP S-1/GW-1 Standards. In addition to the 80 SVOCs analyzed by Method 8270, four additional anthraquinones were analyzed by Method 8321 but were not detected. No pesticides, herbicides or PCBs were detected.


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-29

Acetone, 2-butanone, 2-hexanone, benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, xylene, carbazole, 2-methylphenol, 4-methylphenol, 2,4-dimethyphenol, and phenol were detected in a sample collected 293 feet bgs at location MW-53, but the concentrations detected were less than MCP S-1/GW-1 Standards. Acetone, benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, xylene, carbon disulfide, chloromethane, methylene chloride were detected in a sample collected from 376 to 379 feet bgs at location MW-52. Given the depth of these sample locations it is unlikely that the presence of these analytes was due to training related activities at Training Area C-15.

Recommendations

MassDEP has requested confirmatory soil and groundwater sampling for smokes and pyrotechnics in this and possibly other Training Areas. Based upon an evaluation of the data and the risk screening results, no other actions are recommended for Area C-15. As discussed in Section 4.2.8.2, during a sampling event conducted in March 2016, chromium was reported at an elevated concentration [141 ug/L] in a groundwater sample from MW-52S. Turbidity in the sample was elevated [8.2 NTU], suggesting the possibility that the elevated chromium was a sampling artifact. The well was re-sampled for chromium in March 2017. The results for both unfiltered [4.4 ug/L] and filtered [non-detect] chromium were low and confirmed the suspicion that the 2016 result was a sampling artifact. Additional evaluation of historical groundwater data for this well also confirmed that chromium levels were consistently low.

4.2.9 Land Nav II

4.2.9.1 Description and Background

Land Nav II is shown as a subdivision of Training Area A-5 on the historical range maps (DMA 1994). It is comprised of approximately 112 acres of the eastern side of Training Area A-5, east of Fredrickson Road (Figure 4-10). The Land Nav II Area is believed to have been used for land navigation related training exercises. Available information does not indicate any other training activities in this area. No specific information related to tear gas use in training exercises has been discovered for Land Nav II; however, the references to tear gas training along Pew Road, which borders Land Nav II, may be associated with training exercises conducted there.

Groundwater

The groundwater monitoring wells identified for Land Nav II (Table 4-2I) are the same wells that were previously evaluated for Training Area A-5. The location of these wells are indicated on Figure 4-10. Groundwater flow in this portion of JBCC is toward the southwest. Monitoring wells MW-308 and MW-276 lie immediately upgradient of this area. There are no monitoring wells within the interior area of Land Nav II. Well MW-226 lies to the northwest and cross-gradient from this area. There are no monitoring wells immediately downgradient of Land Nav II. Further downgradient, monitoring wells do exist on the downgradient (western) boundary of Training Area A-5 and are considered in the groundwater discussion for that area.

Soil Investigations

No soil samples have been collected as part of investigations of the Land Nav II area.


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-30

Geophysics

No geophysical investigations have been conducted at Land Nav II. Although tear gas and smoke use is suspected along the eastern edge of Land Nav II, no definitive confirmatory evidence of this has been reported (Ogden 1999).

Response Actions

No groundwater or soil remedial response actions have been implemented as a result of investigation findings for the Land Nav II/A-5 Area.

Risk Screening

The risk screening for Land Nav II is based on the discussion for Area A-5. A single detection of 2,6-DNT in groundwater was reported in a sample from MW-84M1, which is located near Training Area A-5. 2,6-DNT was not detected in MW-84M1 during any of the eight subsequent rounds of sampling for explosives at the well location, nor was 2,6-DNT detected in the other three monitored intervals (S, M2, and M3) at this location. Perchlorate has been frequently detected, but only the maximum detected concentration exceeded the lowest screening criteria (the MCP GW-1 Standard). The maximum detected concentration of chromium (5 µg/L from location MW-80M2 in 1999) exceeded the Tapwater RSL for hexavalent chromium (0.035 µg/L), but was less than the RSL for trivalent chromium (22,000 µg/L), and the MCL (100 µg/L) and the MCP GW-1 Standard (100 µg/L) for total chromium. More recent chromium results (2010-2012) for Land Nav II monitoring wells have ranged from non-detect to 5 µg/L. Thallium was detected in monitoring wells MW-82M1, MW-82M2, MW-84S and MW-84M3. At each location it was detected once and was not detected in subsequent sampling events. More recent thallium results (2010-2012) for Land Nav II monitoring wells have ranged from non-detect to 5 µg/L. Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate was sporadically detected and most likely was a laboratory contaminant. It has not been detected in more recent sampling events (2010-2012). There was a single detection of cis-1,3-dichloropropene in 2003. It has not been detected in more recent sampling events.

Analyte Frequency

of Detection

Maximum Detected


MCL (µg/L)

Health Advisory

(µg/L)

Tapwater RSL

(µg/L) MCP GW-1

(µg/L)

2,6-DINITROTOLUENE 1/280 0.27 J MW-84M1 8/24/2001 - 0.05 0.05 -


CHROMIUM, TOTAL 22/164 5 MW-80M2 9/27/1999 100 100 0.035 100

THALLIUM 4/164 5 J MW-84M3 8/27/2001 2 7 0.2 2

bis(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE 10/168 21 XXLRWS2-6 10/20/1997 6 3 5.6 6

cis-1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE 1/248 0.5 J MW-80M1 9/15/2003 - 0.4 0.47 0.4 Note: The Massachusetts MCL for perchlorate is 2 ug/L. A Federal MCL is currently being developed. apwater RSL for chromium VI listed. RSL for chromium III is 22,000 µg/L. Highlighted numbers indicate sample exceeds criteria.

There was no soil data available for the Land Nav II Training Area.


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-31

Recommendations

The perchlorate contamination detected in groundwater at this Training Area is being addressed under the Western Boundary Operable Unit. No additional response action is recommended at this Training Area.

4.2.10 1949 Engineer Training Site (Part of C-14)


Although not conclusive, available records suggest that the ETS was located in the area north of Gibbs Road within Training Area C-14 (Figure 4-11).

A 1949 JBCC range use map suggested that, among other training devices, claymore mines were used at a possible ETS located north of Gibbs Road in the vicinity of Training Area C-14. Similar training activities were reported in Training Area C-16, though no reference to it as an ETS has been identified. Engineer training activities likely also included field fortifications, rope tying and rigging, an engineer equipment site, and a dummy mine warfare site.

Due to limited access and available information on where engineer training activities actually took place in the northern training areas, an aerial reconnaissance inspection was conducted jointly by the NGB and regulatory agencies over Training Areas C-14, C-15, and C-16. Several small concrete structures were noted in Training Area C-16 that might have been associated with past engineer training, but little else was observed.

In the absence of conclusive discoveries, additional reconnaissance inspections were conducted into Training Area C-14 (Figure 4-11). During an October 2001 inspection, the remnants of a structure, that was physically consistent with that described as the ETS, was discovered north of Demolition Area 2. The structure appeared to be a mock set of bridge abutments that presumably was used for bridge building training exercises. With the exception of numerous wooden beams (in various stages of decay) and small caliber blank shell casings, little else associated with the training activities was found there. There was no evidence of use of high explosives or bulk propellants.

Groundwater

As discussed above, the Engineering Training Site is believed to have been located within the northern portions of Training Area C-14. Two monitoring wells (MW-435M1 and MW-435M2) are located in what is believed to be the general vicinity of the former ETS location. The location of this well is indicated on Figure 4-11. As indicated, groundwater flow in this portion of JBCC is toward the north. MW-435M1 and MW-435-M2 have been sampled for explosives. Other wells in the vicinity of the ETS are considered in conjunction with Training Area C-14. As such, the ETS area lies generally downgradient of Demolition Area 2.

RDX has been detected in 14 samples out of 41 from MW-435M2. However, MW-435M2 lies directly downgradient of Demolition Area 2 which is believed to be the source of the groundwater RDX detections.


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-32

Soil Investigations

In the absence of obvious contamination and potential contaminant sources discussed above, no soil sampling was requested by EPA for the ETS following the October 2001 site inspection.

Geophysics

Based on the results of the October 2001 field inspection, no geophysical work was proposed for the ETS.

Response Actions

No groundwater or soil remedial response actions have been implemented as a result of investigation findings at the ETS. However, a rapid response source removal action was implemented in 2004 at the nearby and upgradient Demolition Area 2. A completion of Work and Operable Unit Closure Report was completed and finalized for this soil remediation (AMEC 2005).

Risk Screening

Two of the Demolition Area 2 monitoring wells, MW-435M1 and MW-435M2, are in the general vicinity of the ETS. These two locations have been sampled for explosives. RDX has been sporadically detected at MW-435M2. Of the 18 sampling events at MW-435M2, only the initial concentration 0.79 µg/L exceeds the most stringent screening criteria (the RSL of 0.7 µg/L). RDX has been detected in other monitoring wells associated with Demolition Area 2. HMX was also detected at MW-435M2, but the maximum concentration was below the most stringent screening criteria (the MCP GW-1 Standard of 200 µg/L).

Analyte Frequency

of Detection

Maximum Detected


MCL (µg/L)

Health Advisory

(µg/L)

Tapwater RSL

(µg/L) MCP GW-1

(µg/L)

HMX 3/41 0.077 J MW-435M2 10/3/2012 - 400 1,000 200

RDX 14/41 0.79 MW-435M2 3/20/2006 - 2 0.7 1 Note: Highlighted numbers indicate sample exceeds criteria.

There was no soil data available for the ETS.

Recommendations

No further actions are recommended for the ETS because the RDX contamination detected in groundwater at this Training Area is being addressed under the Demolition Area 2 Operable Unit. In addition, the results of site reconnaissance inspections indicated the absence of evidence of high explosives or bulk propellents associated with training activities at the ETS. However, at the request of MassDEP a metal detector surface sweep will be conducted at the ETS to check for munitions.

4.3 Disturbed Soil Areas Initial field reconnaissance investigations of the disturbed soil areas were conducted between August 17 and August 28, 1999. The reconnaissance investigations were based on coordinates developed from aerial photograph evaluations that identified a number of disturbed soil areas at JBCC. A supplemental field reconnaissance was conducted in November 1999 to identify a


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-33

possible trench located on the west side of Turpentine Road. This section discusses the disturbed soil areas that have been identified. The disturbed areas include the following:

• pits, excavations and trenches; • former buildings; • bunkers; • cleared areas; and • ground scars.

As indicated in Figure 2-2, the majority of the disturbed soil areas are located within the Central Impact Area. Specific locations of excavations, trenches, bunkers and ground scars are presented in Table 4-8.

4.3.1 Pits, Excavations and Trenches


Based on the Environmental Research Institute, Inc. (ERI) Aerial Photographic Site Analysis (May 1994) interpretation of JBCC aerial photographs, pits and excavations were defined as depressions that appear to be man-made. Analyses included consideration of color, size, shape, pattern and association. ERI did not indicate how pits and excavations were differentiated. Five pits and two excavations were identified by ERI and numbered in subsequent evaluations (Ogden 1997). Pits 2, 3, 4 and 5 are included in other operable units (CS-19). The remaining pit (Pit-1) and excavations are described below (Figure 4-12). None of the locations currently include a recognizable man-made depression.

Pit-1: There is not one specific pit that is distinctly recognizable in the area identified by ERI in the 1951 air photo. ERI used the notation “possible” to indicate that the feature had only a few of the typical characteristics that allow a pit to be identified by aerial photos. During site reconnaissance investigations (AMEC 1999), this area was noted as being a relatively low area, which was heavily cratered and littered with training rounds. The bases of the craters tended to lack vegetation. The area immediately south of the location identified by ERI was characterized in Phase I of the IAGS, as part of “Area 3.”

EX-1/GS-1: This ground scar/excavation identified by ERI in a 1943 air photo was located on the south side of the intersection of Monument Beach and Pocasset Sandwich Roads. The area now contains trees and some brush. No specific excavation was observed during the site inspection. Possible impact craters were noted (AMEC 1999) in the area but no training rounds were observed. Water table monitoring well MW-9S was installed at this location during Phase I of the IAGS.

EX-2: This area of the excavation identified by ERI in a 1951 air photo is now overgrown with scrub pine. Ground disturbance was visible on the 1943, 1955, and 1966 air photos. This feature was located on the east side of Pocasset-Sandwich Road, south of Five Corners. No specific excavation was observed during site inspections. The location of EX-2 coincides with Cleared Area 3 (Section 4.3.4.1). The area was heavily cratered and littered with training rounds. The bottom of the craters lacked vegetation.


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-34

Trenches

A trench (TR) was identified by ERI as a man-made excavation that is long and narrow. Most of the trenches identified by ERI in the aerial photographs of JBCC are currently not identifiable in the field. Trench locations are shown in Figure 4-12 and described below.

TR-2 and 3: These two trenches were identified by ERI in 1963 aerial photos as TR-2 and -3: These two trenches were located on the east side of Turpentine Road south of Five Corners. The locations are indicated on a 1966 air photo. This location was investigated as part of “Area 2” in Phase I of the IAGS. The brush in this area was very thick at the time of the 1999 field investigations and impassable. Two distinct trenches could not be distinguished but the entire area was cratered and pitted. There were many training rounds present in the area.

TR-4: This trench was identified by ERI in a 1963 photo and was located east of TR-2 and -3, and is also part of “Area 2” in the Phase I investigation. The locations are indicated on the 1966 air photo. One specific trench was not distinguishable at the time of the 1999 site inspection. However, in the same location, there is a broad area with many craters and distinct lack of brush. There was a tow-target present at this location.

TR-5: This trench was identified by ERI in a 1963 air photo and was located along the north side of Wheelock Road west of Turpentine Road, but was not visible at the time of the 1999 site inspection. The area is largely revegetated. Possible tank tracks were observed at this location during site inspections but they were overgrown with brush and trees.

Groundwater

As discussed above, several trenches were identified at multiple locations within the Central Impact Area. The locations of the trenches are identified in Figure 4-12. In comparison to the overall Central Impact Area, the surface area (acres) of the individual trenches is quite small. Groundwater flow directions vary depending upon the location of the specific trench. However, the trenches are primarily located in the north-central portion of the Central Impact Area where groundwater flow is primarily to the northwest and north.

Several wells are located in the general vicinity of one or more of the trenches (MW-26, MW-59, MW-98) and several others are further downgradient (MW-92, MW-02). However, in general, these wells are also within the flow path of the Central Impact Area groundwater plume. Therefore, significant uncertainty exists regarding the actual source of groundwater constituents in wells proximate to the trenches.

In order to assess whether these disturbed soil areas might have a significant impact on underlying groundwater, data from one monitoring well (MW-09) (near EX-1/GS-1) was examined. Both profile and groundwater samples from this well have been analyzed for explosives, perchlorate, semivolatiles, volatiles, metals and water quality parameters.

A few explosives or propellant-related compounds (including 4-amino-2, 6-dinitrotoluene (4A-DNT), 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), nitrobenzene and picric acid) were detected in profile samples collected during the installation of this well (Table 4-2K). 4A-DNT was detected in one sample at a concentration of 4.7 µg/L in a profile sample collected during the installation of MW-09 in 1999. 2,4-DNT was detected also in a profile sample at a concentration of 0.54 µg/L.


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-35

Nitrobenzene and picric acid were detected in a profile sample at concentrations of 0.33 µg/L and 0.6 µg/L, respectively. Perchlorate was not detected in samples from MW-09. Explosives and perchlorate were not detected in groundwater samples collected from monitoring well MW-09 after well installation and development. Profile samples are not collected using approved EPA low flow methods for sampling groundwater quality in wells that have been properly developed or purged prior to sampling.

A majority of the TAL metals have been detected in one or more samples. Levels were generally comparable to JBCC background concentrations although the maximum concentration of a few metals exceed background levels. Neither copper nor lead has been detected in samples from MW-09. Zinc was detected in three samples (out of seven) at a maximum concentration of 49.4 µg/L in a sample collected in 1999. One semivolatile (bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate) was detected. Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate was detected in three samples (out of five) at a maximum concentration of 5 µg/L in 1999 (Table 4-2K). Two VOCs, MEK and chloroform, were also detected in one sample and four samples, respectively, at maximum concentrations of 9 µg/L and 0.5 µg/L in 1999. The explosives detected at MW-09 were in profile samples and are likely associated with the Central Impact Area groundwater plume and probably not specifically related to EX-1/GS-1. These contaminants are further considered in the Risk Screening. Groundwater analytical data for monitoring wells associated with the trenches is presented in Appendix A.

Soil Investigations

Pit-1

Pit-1 was investigated based on historical aerial photographs and a heavily cratered training round littered topography. Soil samples were collected in January 2000 from two depths (0 to 6 inches and 12 to 24 inches bgs) within 22-foot by 22-foot sampling grids established at two locations (SS93V and SS93W). Five-point composite samples and discrete samples were collected from all locations at each depth. All samples were submitted for only explosives analysis.

The results for explosives were non-detect in all samples collected from Pit-1.

EX-2

EX-2 was investigated based on the craters and training rounds present in the area. Soil samples were collected in January 2000 from two depths (0 to 6 inches and 12 to 24 inches bgs) within 22-foot by 22-foot sampling grids established at three locations (SS94A, SS94B and SS94C). Five-point composite samples and discrete samples were collected from all locations at each depth. All samples were submitted for only explosives analysis.

The results for explosives were non-detect in all samples collected from EX-2.

Geophysics

No geophysics investigations have been conducted for the pits and excavations.

Response Actions

No remedial response actions have been implemented as a result of investigation findings for Pit-1 and EX-2.


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-36

Risk Screening

Explosives and perchlorate were detected in profile samples from MW-09 but were not detected in any monitoring well samples. Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, a probable laboratory contaminant, was sporadically detected in samples from monitoring well MW-09 but the maximum detected concentration (5 µg/L) was less than the MCL, the Tapwater RSL, and the MCP GW-1 Standard.

Analyte Frequency

of Detection

Maximum Detected


MCL (µg/L)

Health Advisory

(µg/L)

Tapwater RSL

(µg/L) MCP GW-1

(µg/L)

bis(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE 3/5 5 MW-09 10/29/1997 6 3 6 6


Explosives were non-detect in the soil Pit-1 and EX-2 samples. Soils were not analyzed for other constituents.

Recommendations

Groundwater and soil contamination in the area of the pits, trenches, and excavations is being addressed under the Central Impact Area Operable Unit. Pits 2, 3, 4 and 5 are included in the CS-19 (IRP Operable Unit). Explosives were not detected in any soil samples collected from Pit 1 and the EX-2 excavation area. In addition, field reconnaissance of excavation EX-1 revealed no evidence of training activities. Based on these results, no further action is recommended for the Pits, Excavations and Trenches under this operable unit.

4.3.2 Former Buildings


During the 1999 site investigations, a number of former buildings and structures were identified at JBCC. Very few buildings or structures were located in the Training Areas. Several latrines were located in the Training Areas and are discussed in Section 4.6.5. The only buildings identified in and/or in the vicinity of the Impact Area during these site investigations were the bunkers discussed in Section 4.3.3 below. A number of additional former buildings and structures were identified within the J-Range Contractor Test Ranges. These former buildings are discussed in the respective J-Range reports and briefly summarized herein.

As is discussed in detail in the Final J-3 Range Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (Tetra Tech 2014c) several former buildings were constructed at the J-3 Range. These buildings were constructed in support of DoD defense contractor activities conducted at the range between 1968 and 1997. The constructed buildings at the J-3 Range included the following:

• Melt/Pour Building • Workshop Building • Conex Storage Shed • Explosive Storage Bunkers • Ordnance Assembly/X-Ray Test Building • Environmental Test/Assembly Building

Briefly, the Melt/Pour building was reportedly used for the preparation of certain explosives undergoing testing at the J-3 Range. The Workshop building served as a site headquarters and


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-37

also instrumentation building for weapons testing activities. The Ordnance Assembly building supported ordnance assembly for testing. The sheds and bunkers were used for materials storage including explosives, gasoline and diesel fuel. The Ordnance Assembly/X-Ray Building was used to assemble ordnance and to house x-ray control equipment used for testing/inspection at the range. The Environmental Test Assembly Building was used for ballistic testing of 20mm, 30mm and 40mm ammunition (Tetra Tech 2014c).

Several buildings were also located at the J-2 Contractor Test Range. These are discussed in the Final J-2 Range Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (Tetra Tech 2013). Buildings at the J-2 Range included:

• Melt/Pour Building • Frame Shed • Ammunition Supply Magazine • Loading/Conditioning Buildings • Garage/Vehicle Maintenance Building

The Melt/Pour Building reportedly had the same basic functions as similar buildings at the J-3 Range. The Loading Building was reportedly used to load (assemble) propellant into casings for 105mm projectiles. The Conditioning Building was used for hot and cold conditioning of propellants.

The former buildings at J-2 and J-3 Ranges have largely been demolished. Portions of building foundations may remain in a few locations.

Groundwater

As indicated above, most of the Former Buildings at JBCC were associated with contractor activities at the Southeast Ranges. Groundwater flow and contamination associated with these ranges has been evaluated in detail in the respective RI/FS reports for J-1, J-2 and J-3 Ranges. Therefore, groundwater impacts associated with Former Buildings associated with these ranges are not further evaluated in this report.

Soil Investigations

Soil data for the bunkers is discussed in Section 4.3.3 below. There is no additional soil data associated with former buildings in the Impact Area.

Response Actions

No groundwater or soil remedial response actions have been implemented as a result of investigation findings for former buildings in the Impact Area.

Risk Screening

There was no soil or groundwater data available for the Former Buildings.

Recommendations

Based upon a review of the investigation results, no further action is recommended for the Former Buildings. Other former buildings and structures have been evaluated under the J Range (J-1, J-2 and J-3) operable units. Soils in the vicinity of the former buildings at these ranges have been


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-38

sampled extensively for chemical contamination. Investigations at these ranges are discussed in the Final Investigation Reports for J-1, J-2 and J-3 Ranges.

4.3.3 Bunkers


Bunkers (BK) are reinforced concrete structures built into the side of a hill and covered with soil and vegetation. They were historically used as a sheltered observation point. Four bunkers were identified in the Central Impact Area by ERI in the 1943 and subsequent aerial photographs. All four of the bunkers were located during field reconnaissance activities. Their locations are shown in Figure 2-2.

BK-1 (CS-19 Bunker): This bunker is located approximately 600 feet north of the CS-19 access road and faces north (Figure 4-13). As noted, BK-1 is located within the CS-19 Operable Unit (part of Air Force environmental response program) and therefore not assessed under this Investigation Report. However, for informational and comparison purposes, a brief discussion of the bunker is included in this report.

The access road to this bunker was clear of heavy vegetation at the time of field investigations. The dirt floor and concrete walls showed little damage. The door and portions of the walls around the door were blown off exposing rebar. The area above and behind the bunker was littered with illumination canisters, mortar fins, and metal debris. The area around the bunker had impact craters, pits and burn marks. Historic photographs show a cleared area to the south of the bunker. This cleared area was overgrown with vegetation at the time of the 1999 site inspection, but the vegetation type was different from the surrounding area.

BK-2: This bunker is located off of Wheelock Road in a fairly flat area. The bunker appears to have been built and then covered with soil and vegetation. The concrete bunker has a dirt floor. The bunker faces the north. No targets are visible from the bunker. There was no evidence of waste disposal or stressed vegetation in or outside the bunker field investigations. There were no signs of detonation in the area and there was no debris in the area.

BK-3: Bunker 3 was built into the side of an existing, east facing slope. It was most likely used to view mortar targets located across the Succonsette Pond kettle hole. There was no evidence of waste disposal or stressed vegetation in or outside the area of the bunker field investigations. The area was very heavily vegetated.

BK-4: Bunker 4 also faces mortar targets located east of Succonsette Pond. It was located southeast of Bunker 3, deep in brush. The dirt floor and concrete walls do not look damaged in any way. There was no evidence of waste disposal or stressed vegetation in or outside the bunker at the time of the 1999 field investigations. The former road to the bunker was heavily vegetated and mostly unrecognizable.

Soil samples were collected from the area identified as BK-1. No samples were collected from BK-2, BK-3 or BK-4.


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-39

Groundwater

As discussed above, four bunkers were identified at multiple locations within the Central Impact Area. The locations of the bunkers are identified in Figure 2-2. Details of Bunker 1 at which field investigations (soil sampling) occurred are presented in Figure 4-13 (see discussion below). In comparison to the overall Central Impact Area, the cross-section surface area (acres) of the individual bunkers is relatively small. Groundwater flow direction is primarily to the northwest.

A number of monitoring wells are located in the general vicinity of one or more of the bunkers such as along Spruce Swamp Road. However, in general, these wells are also within the downgradient flow path of the Central Impact Area groundwater plume. Therefore, significant uncertainty exists regarding the actual source of groundwater constituents in wells proximate to the Bunkers.

In order to assess whether the areas immediately around one or more bunkers might have a significant impact on underlying groundwater, data from certain monitoring wells (primarily MW-15 and MW-71) was examined. Samples from one or both of these wells were analyzed for explosives, perchlorate, semivolatiles, volatiles, pesticides, metals and water quality parameters.

Maximum detected groundwater concentrations for the representative monitoring wells are presented in Table 4-2L. No explosives were detected in samples from these wells. Perchlorate was detected in four samples (out of 52) at a maximum concentration of 1.0 µg/L in a sample collected from MW-15M1 in 2002. It appears likely that the perchlorate is associated with the overall Central Impact Area plume and not the Bunkers. A majority of the TAL metals have been detected in one or more samples. Levels were generally comparable to JBCC background concentrations. Copper has been detected in nine samples (out of 31) at a maximum concentration of 232 µg/L in a sample collected from MW-71M1 in 2003. Lead has been detected in two samples (out of 31) at a maximum concentration of 10.6 µg/L in a sample collected from well MW-71M1 in 2003. The maximum reported concentration of zinc (101 µg/L) was slightly above background levels. Two semivolatiles (bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and dimethylphthalate) were detected. Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate was detected in four (out of 31) samples at a maximum concentration of 3 µg/L in a sample collected from MW-71S in 1999. Dimethylphthalate was detected in one sample (out of 31) at a concentration of 0.3 µg/L in a sample collected from MW-71S in 2010. Two pesticides (2,4,5-T and 2,4-DB) were detected. 2,4,5-T was detected in one sample (out of 18) at a concentration of 0.2 µg/L from well MW-71S in a sample collected in 1999. 2,4-DB was detected in one sample (out of 18) at a concentration of 1.1 µg/L from well MW-71S in 1999. Two VOCs, chloromethane and chloroform, were also detected in one sample and 33 samples, respectively, at maximum concentrations of 0.7 µg/L and 2.0 µg/L in samples collected in 1999. These contaminants are further considered in the Risk Screening. Groundwater analytical data for monitoring well MW-71 is presented in Appendix A.

Soil Investigations

BK-1

Soil samples were collected in January 2000 from two depths (0 to 6 inches and 12 to 24 inches bgs) within 22-foot by 22-foot sampling grids established at three locations (SS95A, SS95B and SS95C) in and around BK-1. Five-point composite samples and discrete samples were collected


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-40

from all locations at each depth. Samples were inadvertently collected from 0 to 3 inches at all locations in January 2000; these locations were resampled from the 0 to 6 inch depths the next day. An additional composite sample was collected in March 2000 from the dirt floor within the bunker. All samples were submitted for explosives analysis.

The results for explosives were non-detect in all samples collected from BK-1 area.

BK-2 to BK-4

Unexploded ordnance surface clearance activities were conducted at bunkers BK-2 to BK-4. However, no soil sampling was conducted at these locations. There was no evidence of waste disposal or stressed vegetation that would indicate soil contamination at these locations.

Response Actions

No groundwater or soil remedial response actions have been implemented as a result of investigation findings for the Bunkers.

Risk Screening

Although several metals were detected in excess of background concentrations (including copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, lead, and zinc), none exceeded screening criteria. The highest detected concentration of lead in groundwater from a monitoring well was 10.6 µg/L (from MW-71M1), which was below the MCL and MCP GW-1 Standards.

Two pesticides (2,4,5-T and 2,4-DB) and two phthalates (bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate and dimethylphthalate) were detected in groundwater samples but the concentrations detected were less than screening criteria. Chloroform and its degradation product, chloromethane, were detected but chloroform has been determined to be naturally present in much of the groundwater on Cape Cod (Earth Tech 2000).

Thirty soil samples were analyzed only for explosives. No explosives were detected.

Recommendations

The groundwater contamination in the Central Impact Area is being addressed under a separate operable unit. Explosives results were non-detect in soil at Bunker BK-1. Therefore, Bunker BK-1 is not impacting the CS-19 groundwater plume. In addition, AFCEC has conducted additional sampling and soil removal in the vicinity of Bunker BK-1 as part of their CS-19 response action. AFCEC does not consider Bunker BK-1 as a groundwater plume source area. No further action is recommended for the bunkers.

4.3.4 Cleared Areas


Twelve cleared areas identified in the Draft Range Use History Report (Ogden 1997) were among numerous sites identified to be investigated as part of the Phase IIb program. Four of the 12 cleared areas (CA-3, CA-5, CA-8, and CA-11) were co-located with other IAGS study areas and were investigated under different sampling programs. Cleared Area 3 coincides with Excavation 2 (EX-2) and was included in the Trenches, Pits, Excavations, Bunkers, Former Buildings, and Ground Scars investigation (Figure 2-2). Cleared Area 5, co-located with the slit trench, was


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-41

investigated under the Phase I Munitions Survey. Cleared Area 8 is co-located with Ground Scar 8 (GS-8) and was also included in the Trenches investigation. Cleared Area 11 was presumed to be the former northern mortar firing position of Former H Range, which was addressed in the investigations of the J-3 Range. The remaining eight cleared areas were considered under the Phase IIb Investigation. Because these areas were identified exclusively from the aerial photographic evidence, there was little available information on their historical use.

The characteristics of the cleared areas appear generally consistent in that vegetation had been removed from the area, the area had been graded flat, and the majority were located immediately adjacent to roads allowing easy vehicular access. This suggests these areas possibly represented firing or observation positions or troop/vehicle assembly points (Ogden 1997). Field inspections of the Cleared Areas were conducted in July 2000. In the absence of additional historical information on past use, field investigations were conducted at CA-1, CA-4, CA-6, CA-7 and CA-10. Further investigation of CA-2, CA-9, and CA-12 was deemed unnecessary based on the lack of field evidence. The IAGWSP, EPA and MassDEP conducted a supplemental site inspection of Cleared Areas CA-1, CA-4 and CA-7 on November 2001. A brief description of the five remaining cleared areas based on observations made during the July 2000 field reconnaissance inspection is presented below.

CA-1

Cleared Area 1, visible on the 1943 aerial photograph, is located on the northeastern side of the intersection of Goat Pasture Road and Wood Road (Figure 4-14). Subsequent aerial photographs indicate that the area has revegetated.

During the 2000 field reconnaissance of the area, CA-1 was observed to be a trough-like feature with a steeply dipping embankment on its southern side adjacent to Wood Road (suggestive of excavation), and a gradually rising slope to the north. The age of this feature was unknown; however, some older growth trees were present within the trough indicating that the feature had not been reworked recently prior to the field investigation.

CA-4

Cleared Area 4 is a rectangular cleared area located on the western side of Turpentine Road adjacent to the clearing for monitoring well MW-100 and approximately 1/4 mile south of Five Corners (Figure 4-15). This cleared area is evident on the 1943 aerial photograph. Subsequent aerial photographs indicate that the area has revegetated. During field reconnaissance, it was observed that CA-4 had a trough-like shape with four distinct topographic lows spaced regularly along the long axis (north-south trending) of the trough.

CA-6

Cleared Area 6 is located on the southern side of Wheelock Road approximately 1/3 mile west of the intersection with Turpentine Road (Figure 4-16). A cleared area was evident on the 1943 aerial photograph. Subsequent aerial photographs indicate that CA-6 had revegetated.

During field reconnaissance, it was observed that CA-6 was vegetated with smaller trees than the surrounding areas. The area is bounded by a 6- to 8-foot-high embankment on the western and southern sides. It is likely that the embankments were constructed from soil excavated from a


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-42

depression that was presumed to be the former clearing. A section of steel cable, partially buried, was found near the center of the area. The area appeared to have been utilized as a storage/staging location.

CA-7

Cleared Area 7 is located 1/4 mile east of Turpentine Road near MW-1 (Figure 4-17). Although CA-7 appears to have been revegetated by 1955, there was a visible dark feature evident on subsequent aerial photographs of this former clearing.

Cleared Area 7 was not visited during the July 2000 site reconnaissance. However, the area was observed during an earlier helicopter fly-over in June 2000. The site is coincident with a knoll upon which there were 55-gallon drums observed from the air. The drums were reportedly used to simulate troop deployments. Based on this observation, CA-7 is assumed to have been a target area. A subsequent reconnaissance of the site was performed in May 2001.

CA-10

Cleared Area 10 is a cleared area visible on the 1977 aerial photograph along Monument Beach Road, northwest of Pocasset-Sandwich Road (Figure 4-18). During site reconnaissance, this area was observed to have been overgrown with vegetation. A trough-shaped feature was identified beyond the northern end of this former cleared area, and potentially could have been used as a borrow pit for road construction.

Groundwater

As discussed above, the Cleared Areas were identified at multiple locations throughout the Central Impact Area. The locations of the individual Cleared Areas are identified in Figure 2-2. In comparison to the overall Central Impact Area, the surface area (acres) of the individual Cleared Areas is relatively small. Groundwater flow directions vary depending upon the location of the specific Cleared Area. However, in general, groundwater flow directions vary from southwest to northwest depending upon the specific Cleared Area in question. Monitoring wells are located throughout the Central Impact Area. However, essentially all of the monitoring wells are also potentially impacted by components of the broader Central Impact Area groundwater contamination plume. Assessing groundwater impacts is further complicated by the relatively small size of the Cleared Areas. Therefore none of the monitoring wells proximate to the Cleared Areas are considered to be uniquely appropriate to differentiate possible contamination from individual areas in contrast to the broader Central Impact Area plume. However, it should also be noted that if any groundwater impacts from the Cleared Areas were to exist, they should be addressed by the ongoing Central Impact Area groundwater remediation effort.

Soil Investigations

Cleared areas CA-1, CA-4, CA-6, CA-7 and CA-10 were sampled under the Phase IIb program.

CA-1

Soil samples were collected in April 2001 from three depths (0 to 3 inches, 3 to 6 inches and 6 to 12 inches bgs) within 22-foot by 22-foot sampling grids established at two locations in CA-1 (SS138A and SS138B). Five-point composite samples and a discrete sample were collected from both locations at each depth for a total of 12 soil samples. The discrete sample was collected


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-43

from the center of each grid. All samples were submitted for a full suite of analyses including explosives, VOCs, SVOCs, pesticides/PCBs, herbicides, TAL metals and miscellaneous parameters (ammonia, nitrate/nitrite, total phosphorous and TOC).

The results for SVOCs, PCBs and herbicides were non-detect in all samples. The results for explosives were non-detect in all samples with the exception of a detection of 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene (180 µg/Kg) in the sample collected from 0 to 3 inches bgs at location SS138A. Low levels of acetone, MEK, toluene, bromoform and/or tetrachloroethene (PCE) were detected in some of the samples. PCE was detected at location SS138A at all three depths at concentrations of 5, 3 and 5 µg/Kg, respectively. Certain pesticide compounds, including DDE, DDT, dieldrin, endosulfan sulfate and/or alpha-endosulfan, were detected in the soil samples collected from 0 to 3 inches at location SS138A and from 6 to 12 inches at location SS138B. Several TAL metals including aluminum, arsenic, antimony, barium, beryllium, boron, cadmium, calcium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, magnesium, manganese, nickel, potassium, selenium, sodium, thallium, vanadium and zinc were detected in all samples at levels comparable to JBCC background. The maximum concentration of copper (31.1 mg/Kg) was detected in the sample collected from 6 to 12 inches bgs at location S138A. The maximum concentration of lead (34.8 mg/Kg) was detected in the sample collected from 0 to 3 inches bgs at location SS138A. The miscellaneous parameters, noted above, were reported at low levels in the samples with TOC results ranging from 734 mg/Kg to 112,000 mg/Kg.

Additional sampling was conducted at CA-1 as a result of follow up site inspections conducted in November 2001. Two additional sampling locations (SS138C and SS138D) were selected at low points within the CA-1 trough. Discrete soil samples were collected from 0 to 6 inches and 18 to 24 inches bgs at each of these locations in April 2002. In addition, a discrete sample was collected from 2 to 3 feet bgs at the center node of location SS138A. All samples were submitted for VOC and TAL metals analyses. Acetone and/or MEK were reported in the discrete samples. Several TAL metals including aluminum, arsenic, antimony, barium, beryllium, boron, cadmium, calcium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, magnesium, manganese, nickel, potassium, selenium, vanadium and zinc were detected in all samples at levels comparable to JBCC background. The maximum concentration of copper (37 mg/Kg) was detected in the sample collected from 0 to 6 inches bgs at location S138C. The maximum concentration of lead (23.2 mg/Kg) was detected in the sample collected from 2 to 3 feet bgs at location SS138A.

An additional sample was collected in October 2002 from 6 to 12 inches bgs at location SS138A and submitted for total phosphorous analysis. Phosphorous (total) was reported in this sample at 0.23 µg/Kg.

Soil sample results for CA-1 are summarized below.

Analyte Detection Frequency FOD

Maximum Detected Concentration

(mg/Kg) Location of Maximum

Detected Concentration

MCP S-1/GW-1 Standarda

(mg/kg) Explosives Compounds and Perchlorate 4-Amino-2,6-Dinitrotoluene 1 / 13 7.7% 0.18 SS138A (0-0.25) 200 Metals Aluminum 18 / 18 100% 22700 J SS138A (0-0.25) - Ammonia (as N) 13 / 13 100% 157 SS138A (0-0.25) - Antimony 2 / 18 11% 0.89 J SS138B (0-0.25) 20 Arsenic 17 / 18 94% 6.7 SS138A (2-3) 20 Barium 18 / 18 100% 187 J SS138A (0.5-1) 1000


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-44






(mg/kg) Beryllium 12 / 18 67% 1.1 SS138C (0-0.5) 90 Boron 6 / 18 33% 16.9 SS138A (2-3) - Cadmium 6 / 18 33% 0.38 SS138C (0-0.5) 70 Calcium 18 / 18 100% 2450 J SS138A (0.25-0.5) - Chromium 18 / 18 100% 30.5 SS138D (1.5-2) 100 Cobalt 15 / 18 83% 5.7 SS138A (2-3) - Copper 18 / 18 100% 37 J SS138C (0-0.5) - Cyanide 1 / 13 7.7% 0.84 SS138A (0.5-1) 30 Iron 18 / 18 100% 25300 J SS138A (0.5-1) - Lead 18 / 18 100% 34.8 SS138A (0-0.25) 200 Magnesium 18 / 18 100% 3230 SS138A (2-3) - Manganese 18 / 18 100% 4130 SS138A (0.5-1) - Mercury 1 / 18 5.6% 0.099 J SS138A (0-0.25) 20 Molybdenum 6 / 18 33% 1.6 SS138A (2-3) - Nickel 18 / 18 100% 15.6 J SS138A (2-3) 600 Nitrate-Nitrite (as N) 13 / 13 100% 0.09 SS138A (0.5-1) - Phosphorus, Total (as P) 1 / 1 100% 0.00023 J SS138A (0.5-1) - Phosphorus, Total Orthophosphate (as PO4) 13 / 13 100% 1350 SS138A (0.5-1) - Potassium 18 / 18 100% 1630 J SS138A (0.5-1) - Selenium 11 / 18 61% 2.2 SS138C (0-0.5) 400 Sodium 6 / 18 33% 165 SS138B (0-0.25) - Thallium 1 / 18 5.6% 1.8 J SS138A (0-0.25) 8 Total Organic Carbon 13 / 13 100% 112000 SS138A (0.25-0.5) - Vanadium 18 / 18 100% 61.8 SS138A (0-0.25) 400 Zinc 18 / 18 100% 168 SS138C (0-0.5) 1000 VOCs/ SVOCs 2-Butanone (MEK) 15 / 18 83% 0.026 J SS138A (0.5-1) 4 Acetone 16 / 18 89% 0.26 SS138A (0-0.25) 6

Bromoform 9 / 18 50% 0.002 J SS138A / SS138B (multiple

depths) 0.1 Tetrachloroethene (PCE) 3 / 17 18% 0.005 J SS138A (0-0.25, 0.5-1) 1 Toluene 6 / 18 33% 0.007 J SS138A (0-0.25, 0.5-1) 30 Pesticides / Herbicides alpha-Endosulfan 1 / 13 7.7% 0.0013 J SS138B (0.5-1) 0.5 Dieldrin 1 / 13 8% 0.0018 J SS138B (0.5-1) 0.08 Endosulfan Sulfate 1 / 13 7.7% 0.0035 J SS138B (0.5-1) 0.5 DDE 2 / 13 15% 0.01 SS138A (0-0.25) 6 DDT 5 / 13 38% 0.0072 SS138A (0-0.25) 6

Note: Highlighted numbers indicate sample exceeds criteria. The value shown for MCP S-1/GW-1 standard for 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene was calculated using the provisional oral reference dose (0.002 mg/kg-day) and the default exposure parameters of the S-1 direct contact standards. MCP standards for Endosulfan used as a surrogate for Endosulfan Sulfate.

CA-4

Soil samples were collected in April 2001 from three depths (0 to 3 inches, 3 to 6 inches and 6 to 12 inches bgs) within 22-foot by 22-foot sampling grids established at four topographic depressions in CA-4 (SS141A through SS141D). Five-point composite samples and a discrete sample were collected from all locations at each depth for a total of 24 soil samples. The discrete sample was collected from the center of each grid. All samples were submitted for a full suite of analyses including explosives, VOCs, SVOCs, pesticides/PCBs, herbicides, TAL metals and miscellaneous parameters (ammonia, nitrate/nitrite, total phosphorous and TOC).

The results for explosives were non-detect in all samples. Several VOCs including acetone, MEK, benzene, toluene, carbon disulfide, bromoform, and/or bromomethane were detected in some of the samples. Certain pesticide compounds including DDD, DDE, DDT, alpha-BHC, gamma-BHC, alpha-chlordane and/or heptachlor epoxide were also detected one or more of the samples. PCB-1260 (24 µg/Kg) was detected in the sample collected from 3 to 6 inches bgs at location SS141B. The SVOCs, benzoic acid, and the herbicide, pentachlorophenol, were detected in a few samples


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-45

at estimated levels. Several TAL metals including aluminum, arsenic, antimony, barium, beryllium, boron, cadmium, calcium, chromium, cobalt, iron, magnesium, manganese, nickel, potassium, selenium, silver, vanadium and zinc were detected in all samples at levels comparable to JBCC background. Molybdenum was detected above background as were copper and lead. The maximum concentration of copper (783 mg/Kg) was detected in the sample collected from 0 to 3 inches bgs at location S141A. The maximum concentration of lead (61 mg/Kg) was detected in the sample collected from 6 to 12 inches bgs at location SS141A. The miscellaneous parameters, noted above, were reported at low levels in the samples with TOC results ranging from 4,920 mg/Kg to 59,500 mg/Kg.


Analyte Detection Frequency

Maximum Detected Concentration (mg/Kg)

Location of Maximum Detected Concentration

MCP S-1/GW-1 Standarda (mg/kg)

Metals and Inorganics Aluminum 26 / 26 9980 SS141D (0-0.25) - Ammonia (as N) 26 / 26 88.9 SS141C (0-0.25) - Arsenic 22 / 26 4.3 SS141C (0.25-0.5) 20 Barium 26 / 26 26 SS141C (0.5-1) 1000 Beryllium 19 / 26 0.28 J SS141C (0.5-1) 90 Boron 8 / 26 3 SS141C (0-0.25) - Cadmium 15 / 26 0.36 J SS141A (0-0.25) 70 Calcium 25 / 26 394 SS141C (0-0.25) - Chromium 26 / 26 11.8 SS141A (0.5-1) 100 Cobalt 26 / 26 1.7 J SS141A (0.5-1) - Copper 26 / 26 783 J SS141A (0-0.25) - Cyanide 2 / 26 1.8 SS141D (0.25-0.5) 30 Iron 26 / 26 14200 SS141C (0-0.25) - Lead 25 / 26 61.6 SS141A (0.5-1) 200 Magnesium 26 / 26 993 SS141D (0-0.25) - Manganese 26 / 26 99.4 J SS141D (0-0.25) - Molybdenum 15 / 26 1.5 J SS141C (0.5-1) - Nickel 26 / 26 5.8 SS141A (0.5-1) 600 Nitrate-Nitrite (as N) 26 / 26 3.6 J SS141D (0-0.25) - Phosphorus, Total Orthophosphate (as PO4) 26 / 26 171 SS141D (0-0.25) - Potassium 26 / 26 530 SS141D (0-0.25) - Selenium 6 / 26 1.1 J SS141A (0.5-1) 400 Silver 12 / 26 0.37 SS141B (0-0.25) 100 Sodium 1 / 26 653 SS141A (0-0.25) - Total Organic Carbon 23 / 26 59500 - Vanadium 26 / 26 28.8 SS141D (0-0.25) 400 Zinc 26 / 26 78.5 J SS141A (0-0.25) 1000 VOCs/ SVOCs 2-Butanone (MEK) 26 / 26 0.038 J SS141B (0-0.25) 4 Acetone 26 / 26 0.67 J SS141D (0-0.25) 6 Benzene 3 / 26 0.003 J SS141A (0-0.25) 2 Bromoform 7 / 26 0.003 J SS141A (0.5-1) 0.1 Bromomethane 1 / 26 0.002 J SS141A (0.5-1) 0.5 Carbon Disulfide 1 / 26 0.001 J SS141D (0-0.25) - Toluene 9 / 26 0.008 J SS141D (0-0.25) 30 Pesticides / Herbicides Pentachlorophenol 1 / 52 0.037 J SS141D (0.5-1) 3 alpha-BHC (alpha-Hexachlorocyclohexane) 1 / 26 0.0012 J SS141D (0-0.25) - alpha-Chlordane 7 / 26 0.016 J SS141B (0-0.25) 5 gamma-BHC (Lindane) 1 / 26 0.0024 J SS141D (0-0.25) 0.003 Heptachlor Epoxide 1 / 26 0.0039 SS141D (0-0.25) 0.1 DDD 4 / 26 0.0052 SS141C (0.5-1) 8 DDE 14 / 26 0.016 SS141B (0.25-0.5) 6 DDT) 16 / 26 0.023 SS141D (0.25-0.5) 6 PCBs PCB-1260 (Arochlor 1260) 1 / 26 0.024 J SS141B (0.25-0.5) 1



2018-O-JV11-0001 4-46

CA-6

Soil samples were collected in April 2001 from three depths (0 to 3 inches, 3 to 6 inches and 6 to 12 inches bgs) within 22-foot by 22-foot sampling grids established at three locations in CA-6 (SS139A through SS139C). Two locations (SS139A and SS139B) were in the south-central portion of the area and one in the central portion (SS139C) near a section of cable. Five-point composite samples and a discrete sample were collected from all locations at each depth for a total of 18 soil samples. The discrete sample was collected from the center of each grid. All samples were submitted for a full suite of analyses including explosives, VOCs, SVOCs, pesticides/PCBs, herbicides, TAL metals and miscellaneous parameters (ammonia, nitrate/nitrite, total phosphorous and TOC).

The results for explosives, SVOCs and herbicides were non-detect in all samples. Several VOCs including acetone, MEK, benzene, toluene, bromoform, and/or tetrachloroethene (PCE) were detected in one or more of the samples. PCE was detected at location 139A at concentrations ranging up to 1 µg/Kg in a sample from 6 to 12 inches bgs. Certain pesticide compounds including DDE, DDT, dieldrin and/or endrin aldehyde were detected one or more of the samples. PCB-1260 was detected at 27 µg/Kg and 39 µg/Kg in the samples collected from 3 to 6 inches and 6 to 12 inches bgs at location SS139B. Several TAL metals including aluminum, arsenic, antimony, barium, beryllium, boron, cadmium, calcium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, potassium, selenium, thallium, vanadium and zinc were detected in all samples at levels comparable to JBCC background. The maximum concentration of copper (4.5 mg/Kg) was detected in the sample collected from 0 to 3 inches bgs at location SS139B. The maximum concentration of lead (11 mg/Kg) was detected in the sample collected from 0 to 3 inches bgs at location SS139A. The miscellaneous parameters, noted above, were reported at low levels in the samples with TOC results ranging from 490 mg/Kg to 7,120 mg/Kg.







(mg/kg) Metals and Inorganics Aluminum 20 / 20 100% 7880 J SS139A (0-0.25) - Ammonia (as N) 19 / 20 95% 21.8 SS139A (0-0.25) - Arsenic 16 / 20 80% 3.3 SS139A (0-0.25) 20 Barium 20 / 20 100% 8.6 J SS139A (0-0.25) 1000 Beryllium 12 / 20 60% 0.35 SS139B (0-0.25) 90 Boron 3 / 20 15% 2.4 SS139B (0-0.25) - Calcium 20 / 20 100% 241 SS139B (0.25-0.5) - Chromium 20 / 20 100% 11 J SS139A (0-0.25) 100 Cobalt 20 / 20 100% 2.2 SS139A (0-0.25) - Copper 20 / 20 100% 4.5 SS139B (0-0.25) - Iron 20 / 20 100% 9330 J SS139A (0-0.25) - Lead 19 / 20 95% 11 SS139A (0-0.25) 200 Magnesium 20 / 20 100% 1320 J SS139A (0-0.25) - Manganese 20 / 20 100% 80.3 SS139B (0.25-0.5) - Molybdenum 5 / 20 25% 0.88 J SS139A (0.5-1) - Nickel 20 / 20 100% 5.7 SS139B (0.5-1) 600 Nitrate-Nitrite (as N) 12 / 20 60% 0.05 J SS139C (0.25-0.5) - Phosphorus, Total Orthophosphate (as PO4) 20 / 20 100% 157 SS139A (0.5-1) - Potassium 20 / 20 100% 642 J SS139A (0-0.25) - Selenium 4 / 20 20% 1.2 J SS139C (0.25-0.5) 400 Sodium 13 / 20 65% 523 J SS139B (0-0.25) - Thallium 3 / 20 15% 1.2 J SS139A (0-0.25) Total Organic Carbon 14 / 20 70% 7120 J SS139B (0-0.25) - Vanadium 20 / 20 100% 15.8 SS139B (0-0.25) 400 Zinc 13 / 20 65% 13.7 J SS139B (0.25-0.5) 1000


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-47






(mg/kg) VOCs/ SVOCs 2-Butanone (MEK) 12 / 20 60% 0.005 J SS139A (0-0.25) 4 Acetone 2 / 20 10% 0.081 J SS139A (0-0.25) 6

Bromoform 13 / 20 65% 0.002 J SS139B / SS139C (multiple

depths) 0.1 Tetrachloroethene (PCE) 6 / 20 30% 0.001 J SS139A (0.5-1) Toluene 7 / 20 35% 0.001 J SS139A (multiple depths) 30 Pesticides / Herbicides Dieldrin 1 / 20 5% 0.0023 J SS139B (0.5-1) Endrin Aldehyde 1 / 20 5% 0.0024 NJ SS139B (0.5-1) DDE 2 / 20 10% 0.002 J SS139B (0.5-1) 6 DDT 7 / 20 35% 0.0047 SS139B (0.25-0.5) 6 PCBs PCB-1260 (Arochlor 1260) 2 / 20 10% 0.039 SS139B (0.5-1) 1

Note: Highlighted numbers indicate sample exceeds criteria. MCP standards for Endrin used as a surrogate for Endrin Aldehyde.

CA-7

Soil samples were collected in May 2001 from three depths (0 to 3 inches, 3 to 6 inches and 6 to 12 inches bgs) within 22-foot by 22-foot sampling grids established at one location in the northern end of CA-7 (SS144A through SS144D). Five-point composite samples and a discrete sample were collected from all locations at each depth for a total of 24 soil samples. The discrete sample was collected from the center of each grid. All samples were submitted for a full suite of analyses including explosives, VOCs, SVOCs, pesticides/PCBs, herbicides, TAL metals and miscellaneous parameters (ammonia, nitrate/nitrite, total phosphorous and TOC).

The results for explosives, SVOCs and herbicides were non-detect in all samples. Estimated levels of bromoform were detected in some of the samples. Low levels of DDE and/or DDT were detected in all samples. Low levels of TAL metals including aluminum, arsenic, antimony, barium, beryllium, boron, cadmium, calcium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, potassium, selenium, thallium, vanadium and zinc were detected in all samples at levels comparable to JBCC background. The maximum concentrations of copper (51.2 mg/Kg) and lead (40.6 mg/Kg) were detected in samples SS144D and SS144A, respectively collected from 0 to 3 inches bgs. The miscellaneous parameters, noted above, were reported at low levels in the samples with TOC results ranging from 279 mg/Kg to 12,300 mg/Kg.

Additional sampling was conducted at CA-7 as a result of follow up site inspections conducted in November 2001. Discrete soil samples were collected from 0 to 6 inches and 18 to 24 inches bgs at two locations (SS144E and SS144F) in April of 2002. All samples were submitted for explosives, SVOCs and TAL metals analyses. The results for explosives were non-detect in all samples. Estimated levels of di-n-butyl phthalate, benzoic acid, fluoranthene and/or chrysene were detected in some samples at their method reporting limits. Several TAL metals including aluminum, arsenic, antimony, barium, beryllium, boron, cadmium, calcium, chromium, cobalt, iron, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, potassium, selenium, silver, vanadium and zinc were detected in all samples generally at levels comparable to JBCC background. The maximum concentrations of copper (44.3 mg/Kg) and lead (66.9 mg/Kg) were detected in the sample collected from 0 to 6 inches bgs at location SS144E.



2018-O-JV11-0001 4-48






(mg/kg) Metals and Inorganics Aluminum 31 / 31 100% 14600 SS144D (0.5-1) - Antimony 1 / 31 3% 0.63 J SS144F (0-0.5) 20 Ammonia (as N) 26 / 26 100% 29 SS144D (0.25-0.5) - Arsenic 31 / 31 100% 3.9 SS144F (1.5-2) 20 Barium 31 / 31 100% 51 SS144E (1.5-2) 1000 Beryllium 31 / 31 100% 0.28 SS144E (1.5-2) 90 Boron 26 / 31 84% 8 SS144D (0-0.25) - Cadmium 27 / 31 87% 0.61 SS144D (0-0.25) 70 Calcium 31 / 31 100% 234 SS144B (0-0.25) - Chromium 31 / 31 100% 15.8 SS144D (0.5-1) 100 Cobalt 28 / 31 90% 4 SS144C (0.5-1) - Copper 30 / 31 97% 51.7 SS144F (0-0.5) - Iron 31 / 31 100% 15400 SS144D (0-0.25) - Lead 31 / 31 100% 66.9 SS144E (0-0.5) 200 Magnesium 31 / 31 100% 1340 SS144D (0.5-1) - Manganese 31 / 31 100% 132 SS144A (0.25-0.5) - Mercury 2 / 31 6% 0.06 J SS144D (0-0.25) 20 Molybdenum 26 / 31 84% 1 SS144E (0-0.5) - Nickel 31 / 31 100% 6.4 SS144D (0.5-1) 600 Nitrate-Nitrite (as N) 24 / 26 92% 2.8 SS144C (0-0.25) - Phosphorus, Total Orthophosphate (as PO4) 26 / 26 100% 279 J SS144B (0-0.25) - Potassium 31 / 31 100% 607 SS144F (0-0.5) - Selenium 2 / 31 6% 1.2 SS144D (0.25-0.5) 400 Silver 4 / 31 13% 0.49 J SS144A (0-0.25) 100 Total Organic Carbon 26 / 26 100% 30100 SS144D (0-0.25) - Vanadium 31 / 31 100% 24.4 SS144D (0-0.25) 400 Zinc 31 / 31 100% 31.3 SS144D (0-0.25) 1000 VOCs/ SVOCs Benzo(a)anthracene 1 / 31 3% 0.018 J SS144D (0-0.25) 7 Benzoic acid 9 / 30 30% 0.1 J SS144D (0-0.25) - Benzyl alcohol 1 / 31 3% 0.019 J SS144A (0.5-1) - bis(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate 9 / 31 29% 63 J SS144A (0.5-1) 90 Chrysene 3 / 31 10% 0.034 J SS144D (0-0.25) 70 Di-n-Butyl Phthalate 3 / 31 10% 0.036 J SS144E (1.5-2) - Di-n-Octylphthalate 1 / 31 3% 0.21 J SS144A (0.5-1) - Fluoranthene 3 / 31 10% 0.053 J SS144D (0-0.25) 1000 Phenanthrene 1 / 31 3% 0.067 J SS144D (0-0.25) 10 Pyrene 2 / 31 6% 0.046 J SS144D (0-0.25) 1000 2-Butanone (MEK) 26 / 26 100% 0.036 J SS144D (0.25-0.5) 4 Acetone 26 / 26 100% 0.63 SS144D (0.25-0.5) 6 Bromoform 12 / 26 46% 0.002 J SS144A (0.25-0.5) 0.1 Toluene 6 / 26 23% 0.002 J SS144A (0-0.25) 30 Pesticides / Herbicides Endrin Aldehyde 1 / 26 4% 0.0037 NJ SS144A (0.5-1) 10 gamma-Chlordane 1 / 26 4% 0.00097 NJ SS144C (0-0.25) 5 Methoxychlor 2 / 26 8% 0.18 J SS144C (0-0.25) 200 DDE 5 / 26 19% 0.0026 J SS144B (0-0.25) 6 DDT 11 / 26 42% 0.01 SS144B (0-0.25) 6 PCBs PCB-1260 (Arochlor 1260) 1 / 26 4% 0.037 SS144A (0.5-1) 1


CA-10

Soil samples were collected in April 2001 from three depths (0 to 3 inches, 3 to 6 inches and 6 to 12 inches bgs) within 22-foot by 22-foot sampling grids established at one location in the northern end of CA-10 (SS142A). Five-point composite samples and a discrete sample were collected from all locations at each depth for a total of three soil samples. The discrete sample was collected from the center of each grid. All samples were submitted for a full suite of analyses including explosives, VOCs, SVOCs, pesticides/PCBs, herbicides, TAL metals and miscellaneous parameters (ammonia, nitrate/nitrite, total phosphorous and TOC).


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-49

The results for explosives, SVOCs and herbicides were non-detect in all samples. Low levels of bromoform were detected in some of the samples. Low levels of DDE and/or DDT were detected in all samples. Low levels of TAL metals including aluminum, arsenic, antimony, barium, beryllium, boron, cadmium, calcium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, potassium, selenium, thallium, vanadium and zinc were detected in all samples at levels comparable to JBCC background. The maximum concentrations of copper (3.5 mg/Kg) and lead (9.9 mg/Kg) were detected in the sample collected from 0 to 3 inches bgs. The miscellaneous parameters, noted above, were reported at low levels in the samples with TOC results ranging from 279 mg/Kg to 12,300 mg/Kg.



Maximum Detected

Concentration (mg/Kg)

Location of Maximum Detected Concentration

MCP S-1/GW-1

Standarda (mg/kg)

Metals and Inorganics Aluminum 6 / 6 100% 2560 SS142A (0-0.25) - Ammonia (as N) 6 / 6 100% 39.8 J SS142A (0.25-0.5) - Arsenic 6 / 6 100% 2.9 J SS142A (0-0.25) / SS142A (0.25-0.5) 20 Barium 6 / 6 100% 3.7 SS142A (0.25-0.5) 1000 Beryllium 5 / 6 83% 0.16 SS142A (0.25-0.5) 90 Boron 6 / 6 100% 2.3 SS142A (0.25-0.5) Calcium 6 / 6 100% 142 J SS142A (0-0.25) - Chromium 6 / 6 100% 4.6 SS142A (0.5-1) 100 Cobalt 6 / 6 100% 0.93 SS142A (0.25-0.5) - Copper 6 / 6 100% 3.5 SS142A (0-0.25) - Iron 6 / 6 100% 6550 SS142A (0.25-0.5) - Lead 6 / 6 100% 9.9 SS142A (0-0.25) 200 Magnesium 6 / 6 100% 350 SS142A (0.25-0.5) - Manganese 6 / 6 100% 33.5 SS142A (0.25-0.5) - Molybdenum 1 / 6 17% 0.24 J SS142A (0.5-1) - Nickel 6 / 6 100% 2.2 SS142A (0.25-0.5) 600 Nitrate-Nitrite (as N) 6 / 6 100% 0.07 J SS142A (0-0.25) - Phosphorus, Total Orthophosphate (as PO4) 6 / 6 100% 98.5 SS142A (0-0.25) - Potassium 6 / 6 100% 294 SS142A (0.25-0.5) - Total Organic Carbon 6 / 6 100% 12300 J SS142A (0-0.25) - Vanadium 6 / 6 100% 13.7 SS142A (0.25-0.5) 400 Zinc 5 / 6 83% 8.2 J SS142A (0-0.25) 1000 VOCs/ SVOCs Bromoform 4 / 6 67% 0.002 J SS142A (0.25-0.5) 0.1 Pesticides / Herbicides DDE 5 / 6 83% 0.02 SS142A (0-0.25) 6 DDT 6 / 6 100% 0.04 SS142A (0-0.25) 6


Response Actions

No groundwater or soil remedial response actions have been implemented as a result of investigation findings for the Cleared Areas.

Risk Screening

There were no groundwater monitoring wells installed specific to the Cleared Areas.

4-Amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene was found in one of 13 soil samples from CA-1. Arsenic concentrations marginally above background (5.5 mg/Kg) were also observed at CA-1 (at a maximum concentration of 6.7 mg/Kg). Chromium concentrations above background (19 mg/Kg) were observed at Training Area CA-1, six of 18 samples collected from Area CA1 were somewhat


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-50

greater than background. The maximum detected concentration of lead exceeded its JBCC background soil concentration (19 mg/Kg) at CA-1, CA-4, and CA-7, but was less than MCP S-1/GW-1. Twelve of 18 samples from Area CA-1 contained manganese in excess of background (134 mg/Kg) and its JBCC SSL (44 mg/Kg) and EPA Risk-Based SSL (28 mg/Kg). There is no MCP S-1/GW-1 Standard for manganese. The maximum detected concentration of manganese (4,130 mg/Kg) is less than the EPA Residential Soil RSL (18,000 mg/Kg). Molybdenum was detected at concentrations marginally above background (1.2 mg/Kg) at areas CA-1, CA-4. Of the 18 samples collected from training area CA-1, only two (1.6 mg/Kg and 1.4 mg/Kg) were slightly greater than background. Of the 26 samples collected from training area CA4, three (1.5 mg/Kg, 1.4 mg/Kg, and 1.3 mg/Kg) were slightly greater than background. As even the maximum detected concentrations of molybdenum were only slightly greater than background, molybdenum does not warrant further evaluation. Thallium concentrations above background were observed at CA-1 (at a maximum concentration of 1.8 mg/Kg). As the maximum detected concentration of thallium at Area CA-1 only slightly exceeds background and the other 17 sample results for thallium from this area were non-detect, the presence of thallium at CA-1 does not warrant further evaluation. Pentachlorophenol was detected in one of 26 samples by Method SW8151A and 0 of 26 samples by Method SW8270 from CA-4. The single detection (0.037 mg/Kg) exceeded the JBCC SSL (0.0004 mg/Kg) and the EPA Risk-Based SSL (0.0004 mg/Kg) but was less than the MCP S-1/GW-1 Standard (3 mg/Kg). A single detection of alpha-BHC in a sample from CA-4 exceeded its JBCC SSL and EPA risk-based SSL. Alpha-BHC was not detected in 25 other samples from CA-4. Alpha-chlordane was detected in seven of 26 samples from CA-4. All seven detections exceeded the JBCC SSL (0.0004 mg/Kg), but only the maximum detected concentration exceeded the EPA Risk-Based SSL (0.015 mg/Kg) and none exceeded the MCP S-1/GW-1 Standard (5 mg/Kg). Gamma-chlordane was detected in one of 26 samples from CA-7 at a concentration of 0.97 NJ µg/Kg which exceeded the JBCC SSL (0.0004 mg/Kg) but none exceeded the EPA Risk-Based SSL (0.015 mg/Kg) or the MCP S-1/GW-1 Standard (5 mg/Kg). Heptachlor epoxide was detected in one of 26 samples from CA-4 at a concentration of 3.9 µg/Kg which exceeded the EPA Risk-Based SSL (0.000078 mg/Kg) but was less than the JBCC SSL (0.006 mg/Kg) or the MCP S-1/GW-1 Standard (0.1 mg/Kg). Only the maximum detected concentration of bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate from CA-7 (63 mg/Kg at SS144A 0.5 to 1 feet bgs) exceeded the EPA Risk-Based SSL (1.3 mg/Kg) but was less than the MCP S-1/GW-1 Standard (90 mg/Kg). Two other samples from this same location and depth interval were non-detect. Benzyl alcohol was detected one sample of 31 from CA-7 but the concentration detected (0.019 mg/Kg) was less than the screening criterion (the EPA Risk-Based SSL (0.48 mg/Kg).

Acetone was detected in 100 of 157 soil samples analyzed, but its maximum detected concentration (an estimated concentration of 0.67 mg/Kg) was below the MCP S-1/GW-1 Standard, but above the JBCC SSL (0.1 mg/Kg). Almost all of the exceedances of the lowest criterion (the JBCC SSL) were observed in samples from Areas CA-1, CA-4, CA-6 and CA-7. Acetone was infrequently detected in groundwater at concentrations well below its screening criteria.

Benzene was detected in 3 of 26 samples from CA-4. In each of these instances, other samples from the same locations and depth intervals were non-detect for benzene.


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-51

Bromoform was detected in 45 of 96 soil samples from the Cleared Areas, but its maximum concentration (an estimated concentration of 0.003 mg/Kg) only slightly exceeded its JBCC SSL (0.002 mg/Kg) and its EPA Risk-Based SSL (0.0024 mg/Kg). Bromoform was not detected in groundwater.

Bromomethane was detected in one sample from CA-4 of 96 soil samples from the Cleared Areas, but its maximum concentration (an estimated concentration of 0.005 mg/Kg) only slightly exceeded its JBCC SSL (0.002 mg/Kg) and its EPA Risk-Based SSL (0.0019 mg/Kg). Bromomethane was not detected in groundwater.

PCE was detected in nine of 95 soil samples from the Cleared Areas. PCE was detected in three of 17 samples from CA-1 and six of 20 samples from CA-6. Other samples from the same locations were non-detect for PCE. The maximum detected concentration of PCE in soil exceeded the JBCC SSL (0.0004 mg/Kg) but not the EPA SSL (0.005 mg/Kg) or the MCP S-1/GW-1 Standard (1 mg/Kg). PCE was not detected in groundwater.

PCBs were detected in one of 26 samples from CA-4, two of 20 samples from CA-6, and one of 26 samples from CA-7 but the concentrations detected did not exceed the MCP Method 1 S-1/GW-1 Standard (1 mg/Kg). In each instance other samples from the same locations and depth intervals were non-detect for PCBs. PCBs were not detected in groundwater.

Recommendations

Based upon a review of the investigation results, no further action is recommended for Cleared Areas CA-1, CA-4, CA-6, CA-7 and CA-10. Cleared Areas CA-3, CA-5, CA-8 and CA-11 are colocated with other IAGS study areas and have been investigated under different operable units.

4.3.5 Ground Scars


The Aerial Phtographic Site Analysis Report (ERI 1944) report identifies ground scars (GS) as small cleared areas of unknown origin or function. Many of the ground scars, which appear in the 1943 and subsequent aerial photographs, are no longer visible. Some of the areas have burn marks on older trees. Twelve ground scars were identified by ERI and are numbered and described in subsequent evaluations (Ogden 1997). The ground scars were included in the August 1999 disturbed soil field reconnaissance investigations (Ogden 1999).

Three of the 12 ground scars have been investigated in conjunction with other operable unit efforts. Ground Scar 1 (GS-1) was identified by ERI as a ground scar/excavation (EX-1) and is included with the other “pit” and “excavation” features. GS-11 is a large topographic depression on the northwest side of Five Corners, and GS-12 was a clearing on the north side of Wood Road in this same area. Both GS-11 and GS-12 were initially investigated as part of Phase I of the IAGS, under the location name “Area 1.”

The other nine scars are described below. Three of the nine ground scars were proposed for further investigation and sampling. These were GS-7, GS-8 and GS-9 (Figure 4-19).

GS-2: This ground scar visible in the 1943 aerial photo was located on the north side of Wood Road and east of Five Corners. The area was completely revegetated with trees and brush at the


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-52

time of the 1999 field investigations. Black ash-like stains were present on some of the trees in the area but a specific burn area was not recognizable.

GS-3: This ground scar visible in the 1943 and 1955 aerial photos was located on the south side of Wood Road, east of GS-2. The broad, shallow topographic depression where the scar was located was completely revegetated with brush at the time of field investigations. There were no signs of scarring or damage to vegetation in the area.

GS-4: This ground scar visible in the 1943 aerial photo was located on the north side of Wood Road, east of GS-3. Black ash-like stains were present on some of the older trees in the area at the time of field investigations. The area was completely revegetated with brush, and there was no visible sign of scarring.

GS-5: This ground scar visible in the 1943 aerial photo was located on the north side of Wood Road, east of GS-4. There was no sign of scarring to the ground at the time of field investigations. Black ash-like stains were present on some of the older trees in the area. The area was completely covered with thick brush and trees.

GS-6: This ground scar visible in the 1943 and 1955 aerial photos was located on the north side of Wood Road, east of GS-5. The area where the scar was located was a broad, shallow topographic depression that was completely covered with vegetation at the time of field investigations. There were no signs of impact or other damage to the ground. During field investigations and associated magnetometer surveys, eight partially expended HE (40 mm HE-TSD [tracer self destruct]) rounds were found at GS-6 and were moved to the CDC.

GS-7: This ground scar was visible on the east side of Turpentine Road in the 1943 aerial photo, south of Five Corners. At the time of field investigations, there was a buoy target present here with many impact craters and training rounds surrounding it. The craters lack vegetation. The entire area had a thin vegetation cover relative to the surrounding area.

GS-8: This ground scar was located along the west side of Pocasset-Sandwich Road north of Five Corners, in the 1955 aerial photo. This location is also at the intersection of a former road leading northwest from Pocasset-Sandwich Road, and connecting with Goat Pasture Road. The vegetation in the flat area appeared thinner than in the surrounding area. An old metal pipe was visible here. No other debris was observed.

GS-9: This ground scar was located along the south side of Wood Road east of Five Corners in the 1955 aerial photo. The former scar area is located in the base of a shallow topographic depression. The base of the depression and the western hillside contain impact craters, some up to 5 feet in diameter. No training rounds were observed. The area was heavily vegetated with trees and brush, including the craters.

GS-10: This ground scar was located north of Wheelock road as seen in the 1955 aerial photo. The location of this apparent former scar is a large topographic depression. There was a target dart in the base of this depression. At the time of field investigations, the area was densely vegetated with the exception of the base of the valley where a few small depressions that may be craters were visible. Impact craters were identified by ERI in the 1958 air photo. No training rounds were observed in the area.


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-53

Groundwater

As discussed above, the Ground Scars were identified at multiple locations throughout the Central Impact Area. Details of the individual Ground Scars (GS-7, GS-8 and GS-9) at which field investigations (soil sampling) have occurred are presented in Figure 4-19 (see discussion below). In comparison to the overall Central Impact Area, the surface area (acres) of the individual Ground Scars is relatively small. Groundwater flow directions vary depending upon the location of the specific Ground Scar. However, for Ground Scars GS-7, GS-8 and GS-9, located in the northern portions of the Central Impact Area, groundwater flow is primarily to the north.

As indicated in Figure 4-19, a number of monitoring wells are located in the immediate vicinity of GS-7, GS-8 and GS-9. However, essentially all of the monitoring wells are also potentially impacted by elements of the broader Central Impact Area groundwater contamination plume. Assessing groundwater impacts is further complicated by the relatively small size of the Ground Scars. Therefore none of the monitoring wells proximate to GS-7, GS-8, GS-9 or the other Ground Scars are considered to be uniquely appropriate to differentiate possible contamination from individual Ground Scars, in contrast to the broader Central Impact Area plume. As such, possible groundwater impacts from the Ground Scars have not been evaluated. However, it should also be noted that if any groundwater impacts from the Ground Scars were to exist, they would likely be addressed by the ongoing Central Impact Area groundwater remediation effort.

Soil Investigations

GS-6

Following removal of the partially expended HE rounds to the CDC, a total of 15 soil samples were collected from beneath the locations of the HE rounds from three depths (0-3 inches, 3-6 inches, and 6-12 inches). The samples were analyzed for explosives only. The explosives results were non-detect in all samples.

GS-7

GS-7 was investigated based on the buoy target, craters and munitions present at this location. Soil samples were collected in December 1999 from two concentric rings (SS90A and SS90B) around the target. The rings were spaced at 10-foot and 20-foot intervals from the center of the buoy. One composite sample and four discrete samples were collected from two depths (0 to 6 inches and 18 to 24 inches bgs) from each ring. Additional sampling was conducted in February 2000 at two locations (SS90C and SS90D) in the formerly cleared area at GS-7. Samples were again collected from two concentric rings established around each location, as described above. One composite sample and four discrete samples were collected from two depths (0 to 6 inches and 18 to 24 inches bgs) from each ring at each location. All samples were submitted for only explosives analysis.

The results for explosives were non-detect in all samples collected from locations SS90A and SS90B in 1999. RDX was detected in two discrete samples collected from location SS90C. The RDX concentration was 470 µg/Kg in the sample collected from 0 to 6 inches bgs and 4,700 µg/Kg in the sample collected from 18 to 24 inches bgs. The results for explosives were non-detect in the remaining samples collected in 2000.


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-54

GS-8

GS-8 was investigated based on historical aerial photographs and some scrap metal surficial material observed at this location. Soil samples were collected in January 2000 from two depths (0 to 6 inches and 12 to 24 inches bgs) within 22-foot by 22-foot sampling grids established at two locations (SS91A and SS91B). Five-point composite samples and five discrete samples were collected from all locations at each depth. All samples were submitted for only explosives analysis.

RDX (1,600 µg/Kg), HMX (160 µg/Kg), 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene (310 µg/Kg) and 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene (230 µg/Kg) were detected in a discrete sample collected from 0 to 6 inches bgs at location SS91A. Explosives results were non-detect in the remaining samples.

GS-9

GS-9 was investigated based on its topographic depression and the western hillside location of the former scar due to craters, which were observed there. Soil samples were collected in January 2000 from two depths (0 to 6 inches and 12 to 24 inches bgs) within 22-foot by 22-foot sampling grids established at six locations (SS92A through SS92F). Five-point composite samples and six discrete samples were collected from all locations at each depth. All samples were submitted for only explosives analysis.

The results were non-detect for explosives in all samples collected from GS-9.

Response Actions

No groundwater or soil remedial response actions have been implemented as a result of investigation findings for Ground Scars GS-7, GS-8 and GS-9. At GS-6, the eight partially expended HE rounds that were discovered were moved to the CDC.

Risk Screening

There were no groundwater monitoring wells specifically associated with the Ground Scars.

A total of 167 soil samples from Ground Scars 6, 7, 8, and 9 were analyzed for explosives. Both 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene and 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene were detected in a sample from Ground Scar 8 and the detected concentrations exceeded their respective JBCC SSL and EPA Risk-Based SSL but were less than the calculated MCP Method 2 S-1 Standard. RDX was detected in two of 47 samples from Ground Scar 7 and one of 25 samples from Ground Scar 8 (maximum concentration of 4.9 mg/Kg in sample SS90C 1.5-2 from GS-7). RDX was detected in four samples with a maximum concentration of 4.9 mg/Kg in sample SS90C 1.5 to 2 feet bgs from GS-7). The maximum detected concentration of RDX exceeds the MCP S-1/GW-1 Standard, the JBCC SSL, the EPA Risk-Based SSL, and the MassDEP Leaching-Based Soil Concentration. Five other samples from each of these intervals at this same location were non-detect for explosives. The same sample from GS-8 (SS91A 0 to 0.5 feet bgs) that contained RDX also contained 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene and 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene. Six other samples from this same location and depth interval were non-detect for explosives.

Recommendations

Based upon a review of the investigation results and the ongoing groundwater remediation efforts in the Central Impact Area, no further action is recommended for the Ground Scars. Specifically,


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-55

Ground Scars GS-1, GS-2, GS-3, GS-4, GS-5, GS-6, GS-9 and GS-10 are not recommended for any further action. In addition, the isolated low level soil explosives detections reported for GS-7 and GS-8 also do not appear to warrant any further action. Further, GS-7 is located within the current source removal area in the CIA. These ground scars are located within the CIA, and have been addressed by the evaluation and Decision Document for that Operable Unit.

4.4 Demolition Areas Interviews and historical documents indicate the past existence of certain demolition areas at JBCC in addition to the well-established Demolition Areas 1 and 2. Demolition Area 3 was located west of the Impact Area. Demolition Area 4 is believed to have been located on the southern side of the Impact Area. Two inactive demolition sites where munitions may have been used as part of demolition training have also been identified.

4.4.1 Demolition Area 3


Sources conflict somewhat as to the exact location of Demolition Area 3; however, information gathered from individuals familiar with Demolition Area 3 activities suggests it was located along the sides of Avery Road, Ben’s Hollow Road, and Monument Beach Road during the 1970s. In these areas, large rocks were reportedly demolished using high explosives. The probable location of Demolition Area 3 is indicated in Figure 4-20.

Field reconnaissance inspections conducted along Avery, Ben’s Hollow, and Monument Beach Roads in October 2001 revealed several demolished boulders. Numerous cracked boulders, possibly associated with past demolition activities, were discovered along the roads designated as Demolition Area 3. Evidence of rail demolition training was observed at the end of the Former A Range rail line near the western intersection of Ben’s Hollow and Wood Roads.

Groundwater

The Demolition Area 3 is a basically linear site that has numerous wells in its immediate vicinity. The locations of these wells are indicated on Figure 4-20. As indicated, groundwater flow in this portion of JBCC is toward the west-southwest. The Demolition Area 3 Site lies generally downgradient of the Central Impact Area. The northern portion of the Demolition Area 3 Site also lies downgradient of A Range (Small Arms Range) and is immediately adjacent to the Former A (anti-tank) Range. The southern portion of the Demolition Area 3 is also generally downgradient of the Central Impact Area and is immediately proximate to the Former C Range (Small Arms Range). As such, many wells in this area potentially reflect impacts from other source areas. Hydrogeologic analyses suggest that monitoring well MW-42 located along the northwestern portion of the Demolition Area 3 is potentially one of the more appropriate wells with which to evaluate possible Demolition Area 3 groundwater impacts although MW-42 likely also reflects groundwater impacts from the Former A Range. MW-42 has been sampled for explosives, perchlorate, semivolatiles, volatiles, metals and water quality parameters.

Maximum detected groundwater concentrations for the representative monitoring wells are presented in Table 4-2M. Explosives have not been detected in MW-42. Perchlorate has been detected in one sample (out of 37) from well MW-42M1 at a maximum concentration of 0.16 µg/L.


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-56

A number of TAL metals have been detected in one or more samples. Levels were generally comparable to JBCC background concentrations. Copper was detected in two samples (out of 18) at a maximum concentration of 2.2 µg/L in a sample from MW-42M2 collected in 2000. Lead has not been detected in any samples. One semivolatile (bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate) and one volatile (chloroform) have been detected in one or more samples and are further considered in the Risk Screening. Groundwater analytical data for monitoring well MW-42 is presented in Appendix A.

Soil Investigations

Discrete soil samples were collected from 0 to 6 inches in April 2002 at seven locations; four locations near Ben’s Hollow Road (SS173A through SS173D), one location along Avery Road (SS173E), one location on Monument Beach Road (SS173G) and one sample from a presumed demolished boulder at the Former A Range firing point located on the southern side of Wood Road (SS173F). All samples were submitted for only explosives analysis.

A single degradation product of TNT, 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene, was detected in the sample collected from location SS173D at a concentration of 170J µg/Kg. Explosives results were non-detect from all other samples. Soil sample results are presented in Appendix B.

Geophysics

No geophysical surveys have been conducted at Demolition Area 3.

Response Actions

No groundwater or soil remedial response actions have been implemented as a result of the investigation findings for Demolition Area 3.

Risk Screening

Although perchlorate and bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate were each detected once, the concentrations observed were less than screening criteria. The single detected concentration of thallium (an estimated concentration of 4 µg/L) was greater than the MCL, the Tapwater RSL, and the MCP GW-1 Standard. Thallium was not detected in the two prior and three subsequent sampling events at MW-42M2.

Analyte Frequency

of Detection

Maximum Detected


MCL (µg/L)

Health Advisory

(µg/L)

Tapwater RSL

(µg/L) MCP GW-1

(µg/L)

PERCHLORATE 1/37 0.16 MW-42M1 5/7/2013 2 15 14 2

THALLIUM 1/18 4 J MW-42M2 11/19/1999 2 7 0.2 2

bis(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE 1/98 2 J MW-42M1 5/24/1999 6 3 5.6 6

Note: The Massachusetts MCL for perchlorate is 2 ug/L. A Federal MCL is currently being developed. Highlighted numbers indicate sample exceeds criteria.

A total of eight soil samples from Demolition Area 3 were analyzed for explosives and SVOCs. The only explosive detected was a single detection of 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene. The concentration detected (0.17 J mg/Kg) was greater than the JBCC SSL (0.0004 mg/Kg) and the


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-57

EPA Risk-Based SSL (0.03 mg/Kg) but was less than the MCP S-1/GW-1 Standard (200 mg/Kg). SVOCs were not detected.

Recommendations

Based upon a review of the investigation results and the risk evaluation, no further action is recommended for Demolition Area 3. The results of the soil sampling effort at Demolition Area 3 indicated only one isolated low level detection of explosives.

4.4.2 Demolition Area 4


A fourth demolition area, referred to as Demolition Area 4, was described by one ASR interviewee as being located along the sides of Wheelock Road, east of Turpentine Road on the southern side of the Impact Area. The area was reportedly used in the 1980s for the demolition of 5-ton trucks. High explosives were reportedly used during these activities.

Demolition Area 4 was inspected by the IAGWSP, EPA and MassDEP along with Demolition Area 3 in October 2001. No evidence of demolition training was observed in the vicinity of Demolition Area 4.

Groundwater

Demolition Area 4 is a linear site with several wells located in its immediate vicinity. Wells located in the vicinity of Demolition Area 4 are indicated in Figure 4-21. Groundwater flow is toward the west. Monitoring well MW-28 is located near the eastern end of the area, MW-61 is located adjacent to the east-central portion of the area and MW-14 is located near the western end of the area. However, the eastern end of Demolition Area 4 lies adjacent to southern portions of the Central Impact Area, potentially downgradient of portions of the Southeast Ranges and immediately north of KD Range (West). The western portion of the Area lies downgradient of portions of the Central Impact Area. Given the close proximity of these alternate possible groundwater contamination sources and the small surface area of Demolition Area 4, none of these wells are considered appropriate to evaluate possible groundwater impacts from this area. Therefore, groundwater data has not been evaluated for Demolition Area 4.

Soil Investigations

Based on the results of the October 2001 field inspection and the lack of evidence of truck demolition, soil samples were not collected in the vicinity of Demolition Area 4.

Response Actions

No groundwater or soil remedial response actions have been implemented as a result of investigation findings for Demolition Area 4. The area was inspected again in June 2017. Dirt mounds and a grassy area were observed to the north of Chadwick Rd. at the end of the KD Range. Approximately 5 acres of land north of Chadwick Road at the end of the KD Range was cleared of vegetation by UXO technicians. No evidence of 5-ton trucks was observed and the area was surface cleared using hand-held metal detectors and found to be free of munitions. Large subsurface anomalies were investigated in the area and found to be a refridgerator and car parts. No munitions were found at these subsurface digs. The Armored Personnel Carrier (APC)


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-58

target that was located on the north side of Chadwick Road was moved to the south side of the road. No munitions were found in, around or under the APC. The APC and munitions debris within the APC will be removed from the KD Range and will be disposed of properly as part of the post Decision Document work effort.

Risk Screening

There was no soil or groundwater data available for Demolition Area 4.

Recommendations

Based upon a review of the investigation results and the fact that no evidence of demolition activity was ever found, no further action is recommended for Demolition Area 4.

4.4.3 Inactive Demolition Areas


Two inactive demolition sites are located in Training Area A-2 on the western side of Frank Perkins Road at the intersections of Herbert and Howe Roads (Figure 4-22). Little information is available on their history of use, but it is assumed they functioned as training sites in a manner similar to that of Demolition Areas 1 and 2 at JBCC. Based on historic map records, the inactive sites first appear to have been used sometime in the 1940s. Aerial photographic evidence suggests site use continued into the mid-1960s. The primary role of these former training sites would presumably have been to detonate unexploded ordnance as a disposal method, and to train EOD units in the use of demolition explosives and demolition techniques. Composition B and TNT would have been the two most likely explosives used in these types of activities (USACE 1999).

Visual inspection of the two sites in 1998 revealed no signs of past demolition activities. A subsequent visit to the overgrown, northern site by the IAGWSP and EPA in June 2000 did not uncover any evidence of demolition activities. Wooden timbers were discovered in a moderately vegetated area at the mapped location of the southern site, which appeared to have functioned as a bivouac area. The timbers, possibly the remnants of a bunker, represent the only evidence of possible past activities at this location.

Groundwater

Three groundwater monitoring wells are located in the immediate vicinity of the two Inactive Demolition Areas. The locations of these wells are indicated on Figure 4-22. Groundwater flow in this portion of JBCC is toward the southwest. Representative groundwater monitoring wells included in the risk screening are identified in Table 4-1. Monitoring well MW-151 is located downgradient and slightly cross-gradient from the northern Inactive Demolition Area. Monitoring well MW-150 is located immediately downgradient of the southern Inactive Demolition Area. Well 27MW0706 is located along the perimeter of the southern area, downgradient and slightly cross-gradient of groundwater flow. Representative groundwater monitoring wells included in the risk screening are identified in Table 4-1. MW-150 is considered the well most appropriately located to assess possible groundwater impacts.


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-59

Maximum detected groundwater concentrations for the representative monitoring wells are presented in Table 4-2N. Explosives and perchlorate have not been detected in samples from MW-150. Several metals were reported in one or more samples collected from well MW-150S. Levels were generally comparable to JBCC background concentrations. The maximum detected concentration of copper (3.8 µg/L) was detected in a sample from MW-150S in 2001. Lead was not detected in any samples. One SVOC (bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate) and one VOC (chloroform) were also detected and are further considered in the risk screening. Groundwater analytical data for monitoring wells associated with the Inactive Demolition Areas is presented in Appendix A.

Soil Investigations

Soil samples were collected in April 2001 from three depths (0 to 3 inches, 3 to 6 inches and 6 to 12 inches bgs) within 22-foot by 22-foot sampling grids established at two locations (SS134A and SS134B) in the northern depression suspected of being one of the former demolition sites. Five-point composite samples and discrete samples were collected from all locations at each depth. Samples were submitted for explosives, SVOCs and metals analyses.

The results for explosives were non-detect in all samples. Estimated levels of SVOCs, primarily PAH compounds, were detected in samples collected from 3 to 6 inches at location SS134A and 0 to 3 inches at location SS134B. The results for SVOCs from the remaining samples/depths were non-detect. Several TAL metals including aluminum, arsenic, barium, beryllium, boron, calcium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, magnesium, manganese, nickel, potassium, selenium, sodium, thallium, vanadium and zinc were detected in all samples at levels comparable to JBCC background. The maximum concentration of copper (4.1 mg/Kg) was detected in the sample collected from 3 to 6 inches at location SS134B. The maximum concentration of lead (7.4 mg/Kg) was detected in the sample collected from 0 to 3 inches bgs at location SS134B.

A follow-up investigation was conducted in March 2010 at a cleared area in the southern inactive demolition site. One 100-point multiple increment sample was collected from location SSXCDS01 and submitted for explosives analysis only. The sample was ground and processed in accordance with CRREL procedures. The results for explosives from this sample were non-detect.

Soil sample results are presented in Appendix B.

Geophysics

A metal detector sweep was conducted in the southern portion of the Inactive Demolition Areas in 2010 as part of the XCTC evaluation. No munitions were found. A few 5.56mm and 7.62mm blanks were detected as well as a few pieces of non-munitions related metal.

Response Actions

No groundwater or soil remedial response actions have been implemented as a result of investigation findings for the Inactive Demolition Sites.

Risk Screening

Explosives and perchlorate were not detected in any of the groundwater samples from the Inactive Demolition Areas.


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-60

At the Inactive Demolition Areas, thallium was detected once in monitoring well MW-150S but was not detected in subsequent sampling events. The single detected concentration of bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, a probable laboratory contaminant, was less than screening criteria.

Analyte Frequency

of Detection

Maximum Detected


MCL (µg/L)

Health Advisory

(µg/L) Tapwater RSL

(µg/L) MCP GW-1

(µg/L)

THALLIUM 1/4 2.2 J MW-150S 3/7/2001 2 7 0.2 2

bis(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE 1/8 0.32 J MW-150S 10/26/2001 6 3 5.6 6


Fourteen soils samples from the Inactive Demolition Areas were analyzed for explosives and SVOCs. No explosives were detected. Several PAHs were detected but the concentrations detected were consistent with background levels. Thirteen soil samples were analyzed for metals. Concentrations of cadmium, chromium, lead, manganese, and thallium were consistent with background levels.

Recommendations

Based upon a review of the investigation results, no further action is recommended for the northern and southern areas of the Inactive Demolition Sites.

4.5 Surface Waterbodies As part of the early work on the program, surface waters and sediments were investigated at multiple JBCC locations (Ogden 1998). Nineteen surface waterbodies intersecting groundwater or receiving storm water runoff were selected for surface water and sediment investigation. The ponds, swamps and bogs were investigated as possible conduits and areas of compound accumulation. The water bodies included Succonsette Pond, Bailey’s Pond, Round Swamp, Raccoon Swamp, Great Pond, Doughnut Pond, Upper Pond, Gibbs Pond, Grassy Pond, Ox Pond, By-Pass Bog, a wetland area south of J-3 Range, Opening Pond, Rod and Gun Club North Pond, Donnely Pond, Little Halfway Pond, Deep Bottom Pond, the Cranberry Bog, and Snake Pond. Raccoon Swamp, Great Pond, Doughnut Pond, and Upper Pond were identified as potential background sampling locations based on their isolation from known contaminant plumes or source areas at JBCC. Sediment samples were collected from all of these surface water bodies. In this section, investigations at Bailey’s Pond, Donnely Pond, Deep Bottom Pond, Opening Pond and Gibbs Pond are discussed. The locations of these ponds are shown in Figure 2-1.

Sediment Screening

As part of the initial sediment investigations, chemical screening methods [USARDX and USATNT] were used to screen for explosives in the sediment samples collected from the ponds. There were a few low level detections at the method detection limits in samples collected from Opening Pond and Deep Bottom Pond. However, these methods have been shown to be prone to false positive results and the results are considered unreliable for decision-making purposes.

Geophysical Investigations – MSP I (2003)

As part of the MSP I investigation in 2003, marine geophysical investigations were conducted at Bailey’s Pond, Donnely Pond, Deep Bottom Pond and Gibbs Pond. The surveys were conducted


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-61

using a Marine EM-61 and a Schonstedt. Visual inspections were conducted in areas where anomalies were found along the shore or within shallow water.

Several anomalies were identified at Bailey’s and Donnely Ponds. These included two unused slap flares, an expended slap flare, eight trip flares and 630 rounds of 5.56 blank ammunition in chain clips. All anomalies detected at Deep Bottom Pond were found to be non-OE scrap metal.

A geophysical investigation was also conducted at Succonsette Pond. Succonsette Pond was previously evaluated under the Small Arms Ranges operable unit. Geophysical investigations were not conducted at Grassy Pond, Ox Pond, and Opening Pond. Ox Pond and Opening Pond are relatively isolated and not readily accessible from Base roadways; making it unlikely that munitions would have been deposited near or in these waterbodies.

Site Reconnaissance

A field reconnaissance was conducted by the IAGWSP and the regulatory agencies at Grassy Pond on March 2, 2017. Based on field observations, it was determined that no further investigation would be required at Grassy Pond.

Risk Characterization

Contaminants detected in surface water and sediments at each of the ponds were subjected to a risk screening to evaluate potential impacts to human health. Details of the human health risk screening are provided in the following sections for the indivual ponds studied. In addition, a Stage I Environmental Screening was conducted to determine if there is exposure of environmental receptors to site contaminants. The Stage I Environmental Screening identified no current or future exposure of environmental receptors and concluded that a condition of no significant risk of harm to the pond biota and habitats exists. Details of the Stage I Environmental Risk Characterization are provided in Appendix C.

4.5.1 Bailey’s Pond


Bailey’s Pond is a small perched pond located along the east side of Burgoyne Road, a few hundred yards north of the intersection of Burgoyne Road and Wood Road (Figure 4-23). Water levels are highly variable and fluctuate with respect to surface water and precipitation events. The pond is subjected to erosional and environmental stresses due to its proximity to an active roadway. Erosional and species control measures have been in place and maintained on the perimeter of the pond to alleviate these stresses on the pond. There is generally water in the pond with areas of reeds and grass growing in the center. Stormwater runoff may accumulate in the northern portion of the pond. No other inlets to or outlets from the nearly one-acre pond have been observed. According to the ASR, dumping may have occurred at Bailey’s Pond. A local resident reportedly discovered an artillery projectile, powder bags, and 50 caliber ammunition in the pond. An area of suspected dumping is on the southeast side of the pond.

Surface Water and Sediment Investigations

Surface water and sediment samples were collected from three locations (LK34A, LK34B and LK34C) around Bailey’s Pond in January and April of 1998. Samples were submitted for a full


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-62

suite of Phase I analyses including VOCs, EDB, SVOCs, pesticides/PCBs, herbicides, explosives, TAL metals and miscellaneous water quality parameters (ammonia, nitrate/nitrite, total phosphorous and TOC).

The results for EDB, PCBs, herbicides and explosives were non-detect in all surface water samples. Estimated levels of bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, DDE and acetone were detected in a few of the surface water samples at their respective method reporting limits. Several TAL metals including calcium, iron, magnesium, manganese, potassium and sodium were detected in all surface water samples at levels comparable to JBCC background levels. Barium and vanadium were also detected in one surface water sample at low levels. The miscellaneous parameters, noted above, were reported in all samples.

The results for EDB, SVOCs, pesticides/PCBs, herbicides and explosives were non-detect in all sediment samples. Estimated levels of certain VOCs (acetone, chloroform, methylene chloride, MEK and/or toluene) were detected in one or more of the sediment samples at their respective method reporting limits. The herbicide, MCPA, was reported in two of the sediment samples (LK34B-sample and field duplicate sample); but these results were later determined to be false positive results due to matrix interferences (AMEC 2002) and should be considered non-detect. Several TAL metals including aluminum, arsenic, barium, calcium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, vanadium and zinc were detected in the sediment samples at levels comparable to JBCC background. The maximum levels of copper (4.1 mg/Kg) and lead (11.2 mg/Kg) were detected in the sediment sample collected from location LK34B. The miscellaneous parameters, noted above, were reported in all sediment samples. TOC results in these samples ranged from 3,470 to 39,700 mg/Kg.

Analytical results for the surface water and sediment samples collected from around Bailey’s Pond are summarized in Appendix B.

Groundwater

There are two monitoring wells (MW-178 and MW-202) located along the perimeters of Bailey’s Pond. The locations of these wells are indicated on Figure 4-23. As indicated, groundwater flow in this portion of JBCC is toward the northwest. MW-178 is located to the immediate southwest of the Pond and somewhat cross-gradient to groundwater flow. MW-202 is located to the northwest immediately downgradient of the pond.

Maximum detected groundwater concentrations for the representative monitoring wells are presented in Table 4-2O. Perchlorate was detected once in MW-202M2. RDX and HMX have been detected during multiple sampling events at MW-178M1. The maximum detected concentration of RDX was 5 µg/L in 2005 and the maximum detected concentration of HMX was 0.25 µg/L 2012,. Other contaminants have not been detected in samples from these wells. The Bailey’s Pond area lies downgradient of the Central Impact Area and proximate to the Central Impact Area groundwater plume. Perchlorate in groundwater in this area is related to the Central Impact Area plume. Based on the location of MW-178M1, the screened interval of the well (approximately 257 to 267 feet bgs) and the detected analytes it is evident that groundwater in MW-178M1 is derived from the CIA and is impacted by the RDX plume from the CIA.


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-63

Bailey’s Pond is a perched water pond and the pond bottom lies above the elevation of local groundwater. As such, it is not in direct communication with groundwater and migration of any perchlorate or explosives to the Pond from groundwater is not possible.

Response Actions

No surface water or sediment remedial response actions were implemented as a result of the investigation findings at Bailey’s Pond.

Risk Screening

Perchlorate was detected in one sample from MW-202. Of the 31 total reported detections of RDX, 30 exceeded the lowest (i.e., most stringent) of the groundwater screening criteria (the MCP GW-1 Standard of 1 µg/L), most of which were samples collected from monitoring well MW-178M1. The maximum detected RDX concentration was 5 µg/L. As discussed in Section 4.5.1.3, this well was evaluated as part of the Central Impact Area and the source of these detections is unrelated to the use of Bailey’s Pond as a training area because of the depth of the samples beneath the water table.

Analyte Frequency

of Detection

Maximum Detected


MCL (µg/L)

Health Advisory

(µg/L) Tapwater

RSL (µg/L) MCP GW-1

(µg/L)

PERCHLORATE 1/34 0.225 MW-202M2 11/12/2013 2 15 14 2

RDX 31/66 5 MW-178M1 5/2/2005 ‘- 2 0.7 1

HMX 6/66 0.25 MW-178M1 11/15/2012 ‘- 400 1,000 200 Note: The Massachusetts MCL for perchlorate is 2 ug/L. A Federal MCL is currently being developed. Highlighted numbers indicate sample exceeds criteria.

Perchlorate has not been analyzed in surface water or sediment samples from Bailey’s Pond. However, the Bailey’s Pond area lies to the northwest of the Central Impact Area and within the northern fringes of the down gradient Central Impact Area groundwater plume. Therefore, it appears likely that the groundwater perchlorate detections may be associated with this plume.

Chromium and thallium were not detected in surface water samples from Bailey’s Pond. Manganese was frequently detected but the maximum detected concentration (0.0413 µg/L) was less than screening criteria. Chromium, copper, lead, and manganese concentrations in sediment samples were consistent with background concentrations in soil. Chloroform, heptachlor and Arochlor 1260 were not detected in surface water samples from Bailey’s Pond. Chloroform was detected in one sediment sample at a concentration (0.004 J mg/Kg) that exceeded the JBCC SSL and the EPA Risk-based SSL but was less than the MCP S-1/GW-1 Standard. Acetone, 2-butanone, and toluene were detected in sediments but the concentrations were less than screening criteria. Other than false positive detections of MCPA, pesticides, herbicides, and PCBs were not detected in Bailey’s Pond sediment samples.

Recommendations

No additional response actions are recommended at Bailey’s Pond under the Training Area Operable Unit. As indicated in Section 4.5.1.1, Bailey’s Pond is a perched water pond and the bottom of the pond is above the elevation of the local groundwater. As such this pond is not impacted by the CIA groundwater plume.


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-64

4.5.2 Donnely Pond


Donnely Pond is a small pond located west of the Impact Area on the west side of the Training Area B-8 near the JBCC boundary (Figure 4-24). It is an approximately 3-acre pond situated between Canal View Road and a tank trail. Water levels in this pond fluctuate highly with respect to precipitation events. Donnely Pond is routinely full of water and is surrounded by high ground on all sides. No outlets have been observed. Erosion from the tank trail and power line cut east of the pond has historically been significant and silt fences are in place. One ASR interviewee alleged that drums of defoliant were staged in this area from 1972 to 1980. In addition, this pond might also have been used for disposal of machine gun ammunition.


Surface water and sediment samples were collected from four locations (LK30A, LK30B, LK30C and LK30D) around Donnely Pond in January of 1998. Samples were submitted for a full suite of Phase I analyses including VOCs, EDB, SVOCs, pesticides/PCBs, herbicides, explosives, TAL metals and miscellaneous water quality parameters (ammonia, nitrate/nitrite, total phosphorous and TOC).

The results for EDB, SVOCs, PCBs, herbicides and explosives were non-detect in all surface water samples. Estimated levels of beta-BHC, chloroform and acetone were detected in a few of the surface water samples at their respective method reporting limits. Several TAL metals including aluminum, barium, calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, potassium, sodium and vanadium were detected in one or more of the surface water samples at levels comparable to JBCC background. The miscellaneous parameters, noted above, were reported in all samples.

The results for EDB, SVOCs, pesticides/PCBs and herbicides were non-detect in all sediment samples. Screening methods for RDX and TNT were used to screen the sediment samples; these screening results were also non-detect. The sediment samples were not analyzed for explosives by Method SW8330. Estimated levels of certain VOCs (acetone, carbon disulfide and/or toluene) were detected one or more of the sediment samples at their respective method reporting limits. Several TAL metals including aluminum, arsenic, barium, beryllium, calcium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, magnesium, manganese, nickel, potassium, vanadium and zinc were detected in the sediment samples at levels comparable to JBCC background. The maximum levels of copper (2.9 mg/Kg) and lead (6.3 mg/Kg) were detected in the sediment sample collected from LK30B. The miscellaneous parameters, noted above, were reported in all sediment samples. TOC results in these samples ranged from 3,290 to 22,600 mg/Kg.

Analytical results for the surface water and sediment samples collected from around Donnely Pond are summarized in Appendix B.

Groundwater

As noted above, the Donnely Pond area lies within Training Area B-8 near the JBCC boundary in a relatively isolated area. There are relatively few groundwater monitoring wells in the Donnely Pond area. As indicated in Figure 4-24, groundwater flow is toward the northwest. The Donnely Pond area lies toward the downgradient edge of the Central Impact Area groundwater plume.


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-65

There are no monitoring wells that are considered appropriate to assess possible groundwater impacts from Donnely Pond due to the proximity of the Central Impact Area plume.

Response Actions

No surface water or sediment remedial response actions have been implemented as a result of the investigation findings for Donnely Pond.

Risk Screening

There are no groundwater monitoring wells associated with Donnely Pond.

There was no soil data associated with Donnely Pond.

Chromium and thallium were not detected in surface water samples from Donnely Pond. Manganese was frequently detected but the maximum detected concentration (0.0673 µg/L) was less than screening criteria. Chromium, copper, lead, and manganese concentrations in sediments were consistent with background levels in soil. Chloroform was detected in one of three surface water samples at a concentration of 0.5 J µg/L which was greater than the Tapwater RSL but less than the MCL, the HA and the MCP GW-1 Standards for trihalomethanes. Heptachlor and Aroclor 1260 were not detected in surface water samples from Donnely Pond. Acetone and 2-butanone were detected in sediments but the concentrations were less than screening criteria. Pesticides, herbicides, and PCBs were not detected in sediment samples.

Recommendations

Based upon a review of investigation results and the risk evaluation, no further action is recommended at Donnely Pond.

4.5.3 Deep Bottom Pond and Cranberry Bog


Deep Bottom Pond and Cranberry Bog are located west of the Impact Area, north of Avery Road, and east of Canal View Road (Figure 4-25). Deep Bottom Pond is a typical kettle-hole pond located in Training Area B-9 just north of Former A Range. A training road runs adjacent to the eastern side of Deep Bottom Pond, and a helicopter pad lies at the north end. The pond was separated into three lagoons by constructed levees that have since been removed. Lagoon 1 (northern lagoon) was approximately 0.23 hectare (0.57 acre) with a maximum depth of approximately 0.5 meter, Lagoon 2 (middle lagoon) was approximately 0.11 hectare (0.27 acre) in area with a maximum depth of approximately 2 meters, and Lagoon 3 (southern lagoon) was approximately 0.02 hectare (0.05 acre) with a maximum depth of approximately 2 meters. Deep Bottom Pond historically was utilized as an Engineering Battalion training area. Engineering training exercises conducted at the pond have included construction of dikes, temporary bridges, and other infrastructure to simulate battlefield engineering scenarios.

Based on a review of the Archives Search Report prepared for JBCC (USACE/DAC 1999), no documentation regarding disposal activities at the site is known to exist. Some investigative work has been conducted at the site to date, and evidence indicates that the clearing area may have received dredged soils around 1970, when the pond was dredged as part of a water purification training exercise. The dredged material reportedly was placed about 50 meters north of the pond


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-66

(Ogden 1998). Based on limited field reconnaissance, soil in this area appears to be elevated above natural terrain. In addition, soil color was noted as dark as compared to the color of the surficial sandy soils typically found at JBCC. Both of these facts support the likelihood that dredged material was placed on the ground surface in the clearing north of Deep Bottom Pond.

Aerial photographs taken as early as 1977 show the clearing north of Deep Bottom Pond as part of a larger ground disturbance that made up a historical training area. However, available aerial photographs do not indicate when the dredged material may have been placed at the site, or when any disposal activity may have taken place.

Deep Bottom Pond Landing Zones

Three cleared areas have been observed adjacent to Deep Bottom Pond, which are presumed to have been active landing zones (LZs). These LZs presumably were used in a fashion similar to that of the SLZ of Training Area C-15 for field helicopter landing using pyrotechnic smoke during training exercises (AMEC 2005).

A single smoke grenade (M8 or M18) was discovered at the southern cleared area located on the eastern bank of the pond. The moderate corrosion on this spent grenade rendered a positive identification impossible. The third cleared area in the vicinity of Deep Bottom pond was discovered on the eastern side of the pond at the top of a nearby hill. Though no evidence of spent smoke grenades was found there, this LZ appeared to be the most frequently used site.

Surface Water, Sediment and Soil Investigations

Seven surface water and eight sediment samples were collected from five locations (LK26A to LK26D and LK26H) around Deep Bottom Pond and three locations around the Cranberry Bog (LK26E through LK26G) in January of 1998. Samples were submitted for a full suite of Phase I analyses including VOCs, EDB, SVOCs, pesticides/PCBs, herbicides, explosives, TAL metals and miscellaneous parameters (ammonia, nitrate/nitrite, total phosphorous and TOC).

The results for EDB, SVOCs, herbicides and explosives were non-detect in all surface water samples. Estimated levels of the pesticides; endrin aldehyde, heptachlor, DDT and PCB-1260 were detected at the method reporting limit in the surface water sample collected from LK26B. Estimated levels of certain VOCs (acetone, chloroform, toluene and/or carbon disulfide) were detected in a few surface water samples. Several TAL metals including aluminum, barium, calcium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, magnesium, manganese, nickel, potassium, silver, thallium, sodium and/or vanadium were detected in the surface water samples at levels comparable to JBCC background. The miscellaneous water quality parameters, noted above, were reported in all samples.

The results for PCBs, EDB and explosives were non-detect in all sediment samples. Estimated levels of acetone, toluene, carbon disulfide, MEK, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, dieldrin, DDD, DDE and DDT were detected the sediment samples at their respective method reporting limits. The herbicide, MCPA, was reported in two of the sediment samples (LK26E and LK26G) from the Cranberry Bog; these results were later determined to be false positive results due to matrix interferences (AMEC 2002) and should be considered non-detect. Screening methods for RDX and TNT were used to screen the sediment samples. An estimated level of TNT was reported in


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-67

one of the sediment samples (LK26F) from the Cranberry Bog. Explosives results for this sample analyzed by Method SW846/8330 were non-detect. The remaining sediment sample results for RDX and TNT were non-detect using the screening methods. Low levels of TAL metals including aluminum, arsenic, barium, beryllium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, magnesium, manganese, nickel, potassium, vanadium and zinc were detected in the sediment samples at levels generally comparable to JBCC background. The maximum levels of copper (10.3 mg/Kg) and lead (23.7 mg/Kg) were detected in the sediment sample collected from LK26A. The miscellaneous parameters, noted above, were reported in all sediment samples. TOC results in these samples ranged from 504 to 330,000 mg/Kg.

During a March 2002 site visit, a sheen was observed on the surface of a small area in the middle lagoon at Deep Bottom Pond. In response to this site reconnaissance; five surface water and sediment samples were collected in April and May of 2003 from various locations within the pond (LK62-A through LK66-A) and submitted for analyses of VOCs, SVOCs, pesticides/PCBs, explosives and TAL metals.

The results for explosives were non-detect in all surface water samples. Low levels of various VOCs, pesticides and SVOCs including acetone, MEK, endrin ketone, endrin aldehyde, DDT, alpha-BHC, di-n-butyl phthalate and/or bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate were detected in the surface water samples. Several TAL metals including aluminum, barium, boron, calcium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, magnesium, manganese, nickel, potassium, silver, sodium vanadium and/or zinc were detected in the surface water samples at levels comparable to JBCC background. It seems unlikely that the sheen was due to the low levels of organic contaminants that were detected. Surface water sheens can be due to the presence of naturally occurring organic matter including humic acids.

The results for explosives were non-detect in all sediment samples. Various VOCs, pesticides and SVOCs, including toluene, carbon disulfide, endrin aldehyde, dieldrin, DDT, DDE, DDE, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and/or benzo(g,h,i)perylene, were detected in the sediment samples. Several TAL metals including aluminum, arsenic, barium, beryllium, calcium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, potassium, sodium, vanadium and zinc were detected in the sediment samples at levels comparable to JBCC background. The maximum levels of copper (3.3 mg/Kg) and lead (7.9 mg/Kg) were detected in the sediment sample collected from LK-66A.

Soil Samples

Soil samples were collected from two locations (SS214A and SS214B) in September of 2004 from an area identified as a probable Landing Zone near Deep Bottom Pond. A total of four 5-point composite samples were collected from 0 to 6 inches and 18 to 24 inches bgs. Samples were submitted for a full suite on analyses including explosives, VOCs, SVOCs, pesticides/PCBs, herbicides, TAL metals and miscellaneous parameters (ammonia, nitrate/nitrite, total phosphorous and TOC).

The results for herbicides, explosives and perchlorate were non-detect in all four samples. The results for SVOCs, VOCs and pesticide/PCBs were non-detect in both samples collected from location SS214A. Low levels of acetone and/or MEK were detected in all samples. Certain SVOCs, mostly PAH compounds, were detected in the soil samples collected from location


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-68

SS214B, with the highest detections in the shallow sample (0 to 6 inches bgs). A few pesticide compounds were also detected in the soil samples collected from location SS214B, with the highest detection in the shallow sample. Several TAL metals including aluminum, arsenic, antimony, barium, beryllium, boron, calcium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, potassium, vanadium and zinc were detected in both samples at levels generally comparable to JBCC background. The maximum concentrations of copper (37 mg/Kg) and lead (126 mg/Kg) were detected in the sample collected from 18 to 24 inches bgs at location SS214B. The miscellaneous parameters, noted above, were reported in one or both samples with TOC results ranging from 4,100 mg/Kg to 28,200 mg/Kg.

Analytical results for all samples collected from Deep Bottom Pond are summarized in Appendix B.

Geophysics

During the April 2000 field reconnaissance of the Deep Bottom Pond landing zones by the IAGWSP and EPA, a single smoke grenade and an expended M-60 fuze lighter were found.

Aerial magnetometer survey work conducted in 2001 identified a large magnetic anomaly in the vicinity (north) of Deep Bottom Pond. Limited follow-up ground reconnaissance work identified a significant quantity of metallic surface debris in the area. As a result, a ground-based geophysical survey and investigation was conducted at the cleared area north of Deep Bottom Pond during April and May 2003. Activities conducted during this investigation included site preparation, a geophysical survey and a geophysical anomaly investigation. The geophysical investigation was conducted using a Geonics EM61 MK2 instrument as well as a Schonstedt Model GA-52Cx hand-held audio-response magnetometer. Anomaly investigations were conducted at a total of 11 areas containing 4 Schonstedt anomalies and 19 EM-61 MK2 anomalies. Intrusive investigation results indicated that all 23 anomalies contained single non-OE scrap items. Evaluation results (Tetra Tech 2003) concluded that no subsurface munitions disposal sites were present.

Groundwater

Deep Bottom Pond and the associated Cranberry Bog lie in a relatively isolated portion of Training Area B-9. As indicated in Figure 4-25, groundwater flow is toward the northwest. There are a few monitoring wells in the vicinity of the Cranberry Bog including MW 95-7 and MW-95-6 (A, B, and ES) that are downgradient of Deep Bottom Pond. Representative groundwater monitoring wells included in the risk screening are identified in Table 4-1. Samples from well 95-6ES have been analyzed for explosives, perchlorate, semivolatiles, volatiles, pesticides, metals and water quality parameters.

Maximum detected groundwater concentrations for the representative monitoring wells are presented in Table 4-2P. No explosives have been reported in any samples from the representative wells indicated above. Perchlorate has been detected in four samples (out of 16) at a maximum concentration of 0.12 µg/L in a sample collected from well 95-6ES in 2013. However, the Deep Bottom Pond Area lies downgradient of the Former A Range. It is also downgradient of one of the main Central Impact Area plumes. Therefore, it appears likely that the perchlorate detections may be associated with upgradient sources rather than Deep Bottom Pond itself.


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-69

A number of TAL metals have been detected in one or more samples. Levels were generally comparable to JBCC background concentrations. Copper was detected in four samples (out of 12) at a maximum concentration of 3.3 µg/L in a sample from well 95-6ES collected in 2003. Lead has not been detected in any samples. The maximum level of iron (1,400 µg/L) in well LK-65A was somewhat elevated compared to background. Several volatiles (including chloroform, benzene and chloromethane) have been detected in one or more samples and are further considered in the Risk Screening. Groundwater analytical data for monitoring wells associated with Deep Bottom Pond is presented in Appendix A.

Response Actions

No surface water or sediment response actions have been implemented as a result of the investigation findings for Deep Bottom Pond.

Risk Screening

No explosives were detected at well location 95-6ES. Perchlorate has been detected, but the maximum detected concentration was less than the lowest screening criteria (the MCP GW-1 Standard). The maximum detected concentration of chromium (4 µg/L from location 95-6ES in 2001) exceeded the Tapwater RSL for hexavalent chromium (0.035 µg/L), but was less than the RSL for trivalent chromium (22,000 µg/L), and the MCL (100 µg/L) and the MCP GW-1 Standard (100 µg/L) for total chromium. Three subsequent sampling events at well 95-6ES were non-detect for chromium. Thallium was detected once at location 95-6ES but was not detected in the associated duplicate sample.

Benzene, chloramben and picloram were detected at concentrations below risk-based screening criteria. MCPP was detected but MCPP detections have been associated with false positives obtained using an older analytical method (AMEC 2002a). Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate was detected once at location 95-6ES and most likely was a laboratory contaminant.

Chloroform and its degradation product, chloromethane, were detected but chloroform has been determined to be naturally present in much of the groundwater on Cape Cod (Earth Tech 2000).

Analyte Frequency

of Detection

Maximum Detected


MCL (µg/L)

Health Advisory

(µg/L)

Tapwater RSL

(µg/L) MCP GW-1

(µg/L)

PERCHLORATE 5/17 0.128 95-6ES 5/14/2013 2 15 14 2

CHROMIUM, TOTAL 1/7 4 95-6ES 9/11/2001 100 100 0.04 100

THALLIUM 1/7 0.24 J 95-6ES 9/21/2005 2 7 0.2 2

MCPP 1/8 1,300 95-6ES 11/16/1999 - 30 16 - Note: The Massachusetts MCL for perchlorate is 2 ug/L. A Federal MCL is currently being developed. Tapwater RSL for chromium VI listed. RSL for chromium III is 22,000 µg/L. Highlighted numbers indicate sample exceeds criteria.

Five soil samples from Deep Bottom Pond were analyzed for explosives and perchlorate, which were not detected.

Five soil samples from Deep Bottom Pond were analyzed for pesticides and herbicides. Alpha-chlordane, dieldrin, gamma-chlordane, heptachlor epoxide, methoxychlor, DDD, DDE, and DDT were detected at concentrations greater than either their JBCC SSL or their EPA Risk-Based SSL, or both, but less than their respective MCP S-1/GW-1 Standards.


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-70

Acetone and 2-butanone were detected in all five soil samples, but the concentrations detected were less than the MCP S-1/GW-1 Standards for these analytes.

Most metals including cadmium, chromium, manganese, and thallium and several PAHs were detected at concentrations consistent with background levels. The maximum detected concentration of lead (126 mg/Kg) exceeded its JBCC background soil concentration (19 mg/Kg) at Deep Bottom Pond but was less than the MCP S-1/GW-1 Standard.

In addition to the 80 SVOCs analyzed by Method 8270, four additional anthraquinones were analyzed by Method 8321 at Deep Bottom Pond. One of these dyes that were used for colored smoke was detected benzanthrone in two samples. There were no screening criteria for benzanthrone.

Surface water samples from Deep Bottom Pond were not analyzed for perchlorate. Perchlorate was not detected in sediment samples. Explosives were not detected in surface water samples from Deep Bottom Pond. The initial sediment investigations utilized chemical screening methods (USARDX and USATNT) to screen for explosives in the sediment samples collected from the ponds. Although there were a few low level detections at the method detection limits in samples collected from Deep Bottom Pond, these screening methods have been shown to be prone to false positive results and the results are considered unreliable for decision-making purposes. Subsequent analysis of these same samples by Method 8330 for RDX and TNT were non-detect.

The maximum detected concentration of chromium in surface water was 2.9 µg/L exceeded the Tapwater RSL for hexavalent chromium (0.035 µg/L), but was less than the RSL for trivalent chromium (22,000 µg/L), and the MCL (100 µg/L) and the MCP GW-1 Standard (100 µg/L) for total chromium. Although the maximum detected concentration of manganese (390 µg/L) exceeded the Health Advisory (300 µg/L) it was less than the EPA Tapwater RSL (430 µg/L). The concentrations of chromium, copper, lead and manganese in sediment samples were consistent with background levels in soil. Thallium was detected in one sample from Deep Bottom Pond (estimated concentration 10 µg/L) which exceeded the EPA Tapwater RSL (0.2 µg/L), the MCL (2 µg/L) and the MCP GW-1 Standard (2 µg/L). Thallium was not detected in surface water samples from other locations and was not detected in sediment samples.

The only detection of heptachlor in surface water (0.0054 J µg/L) exceeded the Tapwater RSL (0.002 µg/L) but was less than the MCL, the HA, and the MCP GW-1 Standard. The single detection of Arochlor 1260 (0.64 µg/L) exceeded all four screening criteria but PCBs were not detected in sediment or soil samples from Deep Bottom Pond. Acetone, 2-butanone, di-n-butyl phthalate, alpha-BHC, DDT, endrin aldehyde, endrin ketone, were detected in surface water samples but the maximum detected concentrations were less than screening criteria. Acetone was frequently detected in sediment samples and the maximum detected concentration (0.25 mg/Kg) exceeded the JBCC SSL but was less than the MCP S-1/GW-1 Standard and the EPA Risk-based SSL. Methylene chloride was detected in five sediment samples but all of the results reported as probable laboratory contaminants. Toluene and 2-butanone were also frequently detected in sediment samples but the concentrations were below screening criteria. Several PAHs were detected in sediments at concentrations consistent with background levels. Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate and carbon disulfide were occasionally detected in sediment samples but the concentrations were below screening criteria. The maximum detected concentrations of


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-71

alpha-chlordane, gamma-chlordane, dieldrin, heptachlor epoxide and MCPA exceeded either their JBCC SSL or their EPA Risk-based SSL or both, but were less than their respective MCP S-1/GW-1 Standard. None of these pesticides or herbicides were detected in surface water. DDD, DDE, DDT, endrin aldehyde and methoxychlor were detected in sediments but the concentrations were below screening criteria. Sediment samples were analyzed by Method 8321 and benzanthrone, a dye used for colored smoke was detected. There was no screening criteria for this analyte.

Recommendations

Based upon a review of investigation results and the risk evaluation, no further action is recommended at Deep Bottom Pond or Cranberry Bog.

4.5.4 Opening Pond


Opening Pond is a small kettle-hole pond located just north of Pocasset-Forestdale Road and east of Frank Perkins Road, to the southwest of the Impact Area (Figure 4-26). This pond is surrounded by steep hills on each side, with training hummocks and trenches on the eastern face. The 0.7-acre pond is downrange from G Range. It is approximately 600 feet northwest of the parking area for G Range. High ground and dense vegetation surround Opening Pond. No inlets or outlets were observed during field inspections. One ASR interviewee indicated that metal debris had been observed around the pond.


Surface water and sediment samples were collected from three locations (LK36A, LK36B and LK36C) around Opening Pond in January of 1998. Samples were submitted for a full suite of Phase I analyses including VOCs, EDB, SVOCs, pesticides/PCBs, herbicides, explosives, TAL metals and miscellaneous water quality parameters (ammonia, nitrate/nitrite, total phosphorous and TOC).

The results for EDB, VOCs, SVOCs, pesticides/PCBs, herbicides and explosives were non-detect in all surface water samples. Several TAL metals including calcium, iron, magnesium, manganese, potassium and sodium were detected in the surface water samples at levels comparable to JBCC background. The miscellaneous parameters, noted above, were reported in all samples.

The results for PCBs and explosives were non-detect in all sediment samples. Estimated levels of toluene, acetone, 4-methyl phenol and DDE were detected the sediment samples at their respective method reporting limits. The herbicide, MCPA, was reported in two of the sediment samples (LK36A and LK36B) but these results were later determined to be false positive results due to matrix interferences (AMEC 2002) and should be considered non-detect. Screening methods for RDX and TNT were used to screen the sediment samples. Estimated levels of RDX were reported in two of the three sediment samples (LK36A and LK36C). Explosives results for these samples by Method SW846/8330 were non-detect. Several TAL metals including aluminum, arsenic, barium, beryllium, calcium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, magnesium, manganese, nickel, potassium, selenium, vanadium and zinc were detected in the sediment samples at levels


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-72

comparable to JBCC background. The maximum levels of copper (1.7 mg/Kg) and lead (11.7 mg/Kg) were detected in the sediment sample collected from LK36B. The miscellaneous parameters, noted above, were reported in all sediment samples. TOC results in these samples ranged from 6,080 to 37,900 mg/Kg.

In Spring 2016, a surface water sample was collected from Opening Pond as part of an investigation of toad mortality in the area. The surface water sample was analyzed for explosives and perchlorate. The results were non-detect for both perchlorate and explosives.

Analytical results for surface water and sediment samples collected from around Opening Pond are summarized in Appendix B.

Groundwater

Opening Pond lies to the southwest of Demolition Area 1. As indicated in Figure 4-26, groundwater flow is toward the southwest. Several wells are located within the Opening Pond area. However, the Opening Pond Area lies immediately downgradient of Demolition Area 1. In addition, Opening Pond is also downgradient of the Central Impact Area. Representative groundwater monitoring wells included in the risk screening are identified in Table 4-1.

Maximum detected groundwater concentrations for the representative monitoring wells are presented in Table 4-2Q. Both explosives and perchlorate have been detected in certain wells in the vicinity of Opening Pond. Perchlorate has been detected in MW-255M-2 at a maximum concentration of 2.75 µg/L in a sample collected in 2007. During recent sampling at MW-255M2, perchlorate was detected at 0.194 µg/L (Demolition 1 2015 ESPM Report).

Several explosives have been detected in profile samples collected from boring MW-271 at the following maximum concentrations: 2,4,6-TNT (27.0 µg/L), 2,4-DNT (3.0 µg/L), 2,6-DNT (2.6 µg/L) and degradation product 2,6-diamino-4-nitrotoluene (0.73 µg/L). Groundwater samples were collected at 10 foot intervals during boring installation. Perchlorate was not observed at 120 feet bgs, was consistently observed between 130 and 160 feet bgs, and was not observed from 170 to 230 feet bgs. TNT was observed from 120 to 230 feet bgs except for the 170 foot interval. 2,6-DNT was observed from 120 to 230 feet bgs except for the 150 and 170 foot intervals. Demolition Area 1 lies immediately upgradient of Opening Pond. The explosives identified in MW-271 are characteristic of those that were used at Demolition 1 and these contaminants do not appear to be related to Opening Pond.

Response Actions

No surface water or sediment remedial response actions have been implemented as a result of the investigation findings for Opening Pond.

Risk Screening

Perchlorate was frequently detected in groundwater samples from MW-255M2 and MW-255M3 but only the maximum detected concentration was greater than the most stringent screening criteria. The source of the groundwater perchlorate detection at Opening Pond is uncertain. The pond lies to the immediate west of Demolition Area 1. Even though it is cross-gradient to the primary plume, Demolition Area 1 is the likely source of the contamination seen in MW-255.


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-73


Detection

Maximum Detected


MCL (µg/L)

Health Advisory

(µg/L)

Tapwater RSL

(µg/L) MCP GW-1

(µg/L)

PERCHLORATE 13/48 2.75 J MW-255M2 8/28/2007 2 15 14 2 Note: . The Massachusetts MCL for perchlorate is 2 ug/L. A Federal MCL is currently being developed. Highlighted numbers indicate sample exceeds criteria.

No soil samples were collected from Opening Pond.

Chromium and thallium were not detected in surface water samples from Opening Pond. Manganese was frequently detected but the maximum detected concentration (89.5 µg/L) was less than screening criteria. Chloroform, heptachlor and Arochlor 1260 were not detected in surface water samples from Opening Pond. The initial sediment investigations utilized chemical screening methods (USARDX and USATNT) to screen for explosives in the sediment samples collected from the ponds. Although there were a few low level detections at the method detection limits in samples collected from Opening Pond, these screening methods have been shown to be prone to false positive results and the results are considered unreliable for decision-making purposes. Subsequent analysis of these same samples by Method 8330 for RDX and TNT were non-detect. Copper and lead concentrations in sediments were comparable to background levels in soil. Acetone, 4-methylphenol, toluene and DDE were detected in sediments but the concentrations detected were below screening criteria. MCPA was detected in two sediment samples but these results were later determined to be false positive results due to matrix interferences (AMEC 2002) and should be considered non-detect.

Recommendations

Based upon a review of investigation results, it is recommended that groundwater monitoring for explosives and perchlorate continue as needed near Opening Pond as part of the ongoing Demolition Area 1 plume monitoring effort. No further action is recommended for Opening Pond under the Training Areas Operable Unit.

4.5.5 Gibbs Pond


Gibbs Pond is a small perched pond located alongside Gibbs Road across from the entrance to the U Range (Figure 4-27). Water levels are highly variable and fluctuate with respect to surface water and precipitation events. This pond is very shallow with a typical depth of one foot and can become dry without consistent precipitation. This area receives runoff from the dirt road, which parallels Gibbs Road to the north of the pond. No outlets from the half-acre pond have been observed. High-tension power lines are located directly north of Gibbs Road, passing over Gibbs Pond.

According to the Range Use History Report, around 1980, defoliants were applied along the power line right-of-ways by Gibbs Road. Also according to this report, prior to 1974, the Army applied pesticides by truck in low areas near Gibbs Road.


Surface water and sediment samples were collected from two locations (LK35A and LK35B) around Gibbs Pond in January of 1998. Samples were submitted for a full suite of Phase I


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-74

analyses including VOCs, EDB, SVOCs, pesticides/PCBs, herbicides, explosives, TAL metals and miscellaneous parameters (ammonia, nitrate/nitrite, total phosphorous and TOC).

The results for EDB, VOCs, SVOCs, herbicides and explosives were non-detect in all surface water samples. Estimated levels of the pesticides; endrin, endrin aldehyde, DDT and PCB-1260 were detected in a few of the surface water samples at their respective method reporting limits. Several TAL metals including aluminum, calcium, iron, magnesium, manganese, potassium, sodium, thallium and/or vanadium were detected in the surface water samples at levels comparable to JBCC background. The miscellaneous parameters, noted above, were reported in all samples.

The results for VOCs and PCBs were non-detect in all sediment samples. Screening methods for RDX and TNT were used to screen the sediment samples; the results were non-detect. The samples were not analyzed for explosives by Method SW8330. Estimated levels of diethyl phthalate, dieldrin and/or the herbicide, 2,4,5-T, were detected the sediment samples at their respective method reporting limits. Several TAL metals including aluminum, arsenic, barium, beryllium, boron, calcium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, magnesium, manganese, nickel, potassium, vanadium and zinc were detected in the sediment samples at levels comparable to JBCC background. The maximum level of copper was 8.2 mg/Kg in the sediment sample collected from LK35A. The maximum level of lead was 15.2 mg/Kg in the sediment sample collected from LK35B. The miscellaneous parameters, noted above, were reported in all sediment samples. The highest TOC result was 34,500 mg/Kg in the sample collected from LK35B. Analytical results for the surface water and sediment samples collected from around Gibbs Pond are summarized in Appendix B.

Groundwater

As indicated above, Gibbs Pond lies to the immediate north of the U Range. As indicated in Figure 4-27, groundwater flow is toward the northwest. Based on this groundwater flow direction, portions of both the U Range and IBC Range may lie upgradient of Gibbs Pond. Also, Gibbs Pond is a comparatively small pond in terms of surface area. As such, none of the wells in the vicinity of Gibbs Pond are considered appropriate to provide an isolated snapshot of possible groundwater impacts from the pond itself.

Response Actions

No surface water or sediment response actions have been implemented as a result of investigation findings for Gibbs Pond.

Risk Screening

No soil or groundwater data was collected at Gibbs Pond.

Chromium was not detected in surface water samples from Gibbs Pond. Manganese was frequently detected but the maximum detected concentration (9.8 µg/L) was less than screening criteria. The concentrations of copper, chromium, lead, and manganese in sediments were consistent with background. Thallium was detected in one surface water sample from Gibbs Pond (6.7 µg/L) which exceeded the EPA Tapwater RSL (0.2 µg/L), the MCL (2 µg/L) and the MCP GW-1 Standard (2 µg/L). Thallium was not detected in other surface water samples from other


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-75

locations and was not detected in sediment samples. Chloroform and heptachlor were not detected in surface water or sediment samples from Gibbs Pond. The single detection of Arochlor 1260 (0.17 µg/L) exceeded the HA and the Tapwater RSL but was less than the MCL and the MCP GW-1 Standard. The only other surface water sample from Gibbs Pond was non-detect for PCBs. PCBs were not detected in sediment samples from Gibbs Pond. Endrin, endrin aldehyde, and DDT were detected in surface water samples but the concentrations detected were below screening criteria. The maximum detected concentration of dieldrin in sediments (0.0026 J mg/Kg) was greater than the JBCC SSL and the EPA Risk-based SSL, but was comparable to the concentration of dieldrin in background soils (0.03 mg/Kg) and less than the MCP S-1/GW-1 Standard (0.08 mg/Kg). Diethyl phthalate, 2,4,5-T, and DDE were detected in sediment samples but the concentrations were less than screening criteria.

Recommendations

Based upon a review of investigation results and the risk evaluation, no further action is recommended for Gibbs Pond.

4.6 Additional Ranges, Sites and Structures A number of additional ranges, sites and structures have been evaluated. These areas vary considerably in their past uses. Many of these areas were not used for combat unit maneuvers or bivouacs. Several, including Former E Range, KD Range (West) and U Range, were used for training with a variety of types of ordnance. However, for other sites including the Latrines, Stables and Bayonet Areas, there has been no historical indication of munitions or MC-related use.

4.6.1 Area BA-1


Training Area BA-1 is comprised of approximately 173 acres of land located south of the Impact Area, bounded on the north by Howe Road, south by Herbert Road, west by Frank Perkins Road, and east by Turpentine Road (Figure 4-28A).

Area BA-1 is just north of the main base landfill and contains former grenade courts. BA-1 is heavily wooded with a cleared area near the grenade courts with trenches and bunkers still evident.

The 1949 range layout map provided in the ASR (USACE 1999) shows that the Former F Range gun positions (the only active artillery firing positions at the time) were located in the southern portion of BA-1. No records of the actual munitions fired or the firing points for this range have been discovered to date. The Former F Range has been addressed under the Gun and Mortar Operable Unit.

A range layout map (1970s era) designates Training Area BA-1 as Range 1. Portions of Area BA-1 were historically believed to have been used for maneuvers training and bivouacs. Records show that munitions used during training exercises in BA-1 include small arms blanks, pyrotechnics, and smoke grenades. The record of historical munitions discovered in BA-1 includes high explosive and smoke rifle grenades, a hand grenade, and a block of aged TNT.


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-76

Training Area BA-1 was inspected during field reconnaissance efforts conducted in June and July 2000. However, the limited amount of physical evidence gathered during these early field reconnaissance inspections provided little information to supplement what was known of past training activities in Training Area BA-1, including the location of alleged tunnel areas.

During a subsequent inspection of Training Area BA-1 in November 2001, an abandoned grenade court was discovered at the south border of BA-1 within the limits of the Former F Range on Herbert Road. Several cratered areas were identified and presumed to be the result of live grenade detonations.

Under the Munitions Survey Project Phase 2 (MSPII), a 20-foot by 20-foot area within the BA-1 Training Area was investigated to identify an anomaly identified as Anomaly #4-1586 discovered on an embankment in the northern area of BA-1. The results of this investigation are reported in the Final Letter Report – Munitions Survey Project Phase 2 BA-1 Training Area Investigation (Tetra Tech 2002). Anomaly investigations and excavations identified numerous components of an early radar system thought to have been in possible use in the 1950s and 1960s.

Prior to commencement of NGB XCTC training exercises in 2010, two separate areas within Area BA-1 were investigated in accordance with the project note Proposed Soil Sampling at Three XCTC Sites (March 3, 2010). These areas included a 280-foot by 320-foot IMT lane area where concrete and wooden structures were located for training at the lowest portion of BA-1 and a 25-foot by 25-foot area where a metal plate was found on the upper plateau to the north of the IMT lane.

Geophysics

Several geophysics-related investigations have been conducted at Training Area BA-1. In 2001, an airborne magnetometer (AIRMAG) survey was conducted over the area. Area BA-2 was also investigated under the Munitions Survey Program (MSP). A number of anomalies were investigated; however, no munitions were found. Under the Munitions Survey Project Phase 2 (MSP2), an area of approximately 400 square feet within the BA-1 Training Area was investigated to identify the source of a large aeromagnetic anomaly present there. A subsurface investigation was performed to determine what the buried source was, and whether a release of oil or hazardous material had occurred. The results of this investigation were presented under separate cover in the Final Letter Report (Tetra Tech 2002).

Groundwater

Several monitoring wells are located along or within the perimeter of Training Area BA-1. The locations of these wells are indicated in Figure 4-28A. Groundwater flow is toward the southwest.

A number of the wells are located immediately upgradient of the northeastern portion of the site along Turpentine Road and the eastern end of Howe Road. Several wells are also located to the south of Area BA-1 in the immediate vicinity of the primary JBCC landfill. Due to the proximity of the landfill, these latter wells are not considered appropriate for evaluating groundwater from BA-1. However, well 27MW0707 which is located in the southwestern portion of Training Area BA-1 is considered to be appropriately located to provide information on the area. Wells 27MW2061 and 27MW0705, which are located further downgradient to the southwest, are also considered to potentially reflect groundwater conditions at Training Area BA-1. Representative


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-77

groundwater monitoring wells included in the risk screening are identified in Table 4-1. Volatiles, semivolatiles, metals and water quality parameters have been analyzed in representative wells associated with Area BA-1.

Maximum detected groundwater concentrations for the representative monitoring wells are presented in Table 4-2R. No explosives or perchlorate have been detected in the representative wells noted above. In addition, no explosives were detected in samples collected from downgradient well 27MW0017A in 2003 and 2004. A number of TAL metals (including boron, calcium, chromium (total), iron, magnesium, manganese, potassium and sodium) were detected in the single groundwater sample that was collected at well 03MW0707 in 1999. Levels were generally comparable to JBCC background concentrations although the maximum concentration of iron exceeds background levels. Copper and lead were not detected. One semivolatile (bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate) was detected in two samples (out of 13) at a maximum concentration of 12 µg/L from well 27MW2061. One volatile (chloroform) was detected in the sample from well 03MW0707 at a concentration of 3.0 µg/L. These organics are further considered in the Risk Screening. Groundwater analytical data for monitoring wells associated with Area BA-1 is presented in Appendix A.

Soil Investigations

As a result of the site reconnaissance visits in 2000 and 2001 and in the absence of any other physical evidence of past training activities within Training Area BA-1, the soils investigation was limited to six 5-point grids (SS171A through SS171 F) established north of former grenade throwing bays observed in the area along Herbert Road at the locations in areas where the cratering was observed. The data collected from the six locations (SS171A through SS171F) discussed above was presented and evaluated as part of the Former F Range and included in the Final Gun and Mortar Position Investigation Report (Tetra Tech 2011b). It is included here for informational purposes.

Soil samples were collected at the six locations in April 2002 from three depth intervals: 0 to 3 inches, 3 to 6 inches, and 6 to 12 inches bgs (Figure 4-28B). One composite and one discrete sample were collected from each location at each depth interval. All samples were submitted for explosives, SVOCs, and metals analyses. Four samples were also submitted for VOC analyses.

The explosive compound, 2,4-DNT, was detected in eight soil samples collected from locations SS171A, SS171C, SS171D and SS171E in the grenade court. 2,4-DNT detections ranged from 200 µg/Kg to 1000 µg/Kg. Tetryl was detected in one of 36 samples analyzed for explosives.

Low levels of acetone and/or toluene were detected in the four samples submitted for VOC analysis. Several PAHs were reported among the SVOCs that were detected in grenade court soil samples. These PAH detections included benzo(a)anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, benzo(g,h,i)perylene chrysene, fluoranthene, indeno(1,2,3-CD)pyrene, phenanthrene, and pyrene. Other SVOCs detected in these samples included 2-nitrophenylamine, di-n-butyl phthalate, n-nitrosodiphenylamine, naphthalene, 2,4-dimethylphenol, 2-methylphenol, 4-methylnaphthalene, phenol, benzoic acid, benzyl alcohol, BEHP, carbazole, dibenzofuran, and phenol. The highest levels of detected compounds were in samples collected from location SS171A.


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-78

Several TAL metals including aluminum, arsenic, antimony, barium, beryllium, boron, cadmium, calcium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, potassium, selenium, thallium, vanadium and zinc were detected in all samples at levels comparable to JBCC background. The maximum concentration of copper (101 mg/Kg) was detected in the sample collected at a depth of 6 to 12 inches at location SS171A. The maximum concentration of lead (44.3 mg/Kg) was detected in the sample collected from 0 to 3 inches at location SS171D.

A subsurface investigation was conducted around Anomaly #4-1586 in the BA-1 Training Area and the 20-foot by 20-foot area was excavated to a depth of 6 feet (Tetra Tech 2002). Ten soil samples were collected in November 2001 during the excavation around this location. Five samples were collected at the midpoint of the excavation, after the removal of approximately 3 feet of soil, and five samples were collected after the removal of approximately 6 feet of soil. The samples collected at the midpoint were 5-point composite samples collected from the corners and bottom of the excavation. The samples collected from the foot of the excavation (6-foot depth) were 5-point composite samples collected from the four side walls and the base of the excavation. All samples were submitted for explosives, SVOCs, pesticides/PCBs and metals analyses. The deep samples were also submitted for VOC analysis.

Analytical results from this sampling event were reported in the BA-1 Investigation Report (Tetra Tech 2002) and are summarized here. The results for explosives and PCBs were non-detect in all samples. Low levels of SVOCs (phthalates), pesticides and common metals were detected in one or more samples. Two VOCs were detected in the soil samples collected from the completed excavation (6 feet bgs), bromoform and dibromochloromethane. Bromoform was detected in the four samples collected from the side walls of the excavation, at levels ranging from 65.7 µg/Kg to 168 µg/Kg but was non-detect in the sample collected from the excavation floor. Dibromochloromethane was detected at estimated levels in two of the side wall samples and was non-detect in the remaining samples.

As a result of the bromoform detections in the soil samples collected from the 2001 investigation discussed above; a BA-1 Training Area Supplemental Investigation - Work Plan Addendum (Tetra Tech 2002) was prepared. The objective of the supplemental investigation was to determine the extent of the bromoform contamination, to further characterize the soil that was excavated during the previous investigation, and to provide for removal and disposal of bromoform-contaminated soils, radar parts, and wastes.

The north and east walls of the excavation had the highest detections of bromoform. An additional 3 feet of soil was excavated laterally at each of the north and east side walls. The work plan addendum specified that the soil samples would be screened for bromoform. It is unclear if the soil samples were screened. However, soil samples were collected in July of 2005 and submitted for VOC analysis.

A total of nine soil samples were collected in July 2005. Two samples each were collected from the north and east side wall additional 3-foot excavation areas and five samples were collected from the excavation bases (two from the north base and one each from the east, west and south bases). Samples were also collected from the soil stockpiles. Bromoform was not detected in any of the soil samples.


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-79

Three additional locations (SSBA101, SSBA102 and SSBA103) were sampled in November 2008 and February 2009. Little information is available as to the basis for this sampling event; however, information indicates that the samples were collected following the discovery of propellant bags at grenade courts during intrusive site investigations in the area.

Discrete samples were collected in November 2008 from 0 to 3 inches at locations SSBA101 and SSBA102. Samples were submitted for explosives and perchlorate analyses. Perchlorate was non-detect in all samples. 2-4-Dinitrotoluene was detected in the discrete samples at 2,300 and 2,100 µg/Kg, respectively. The areas around these locations were excavated; location SSBA101 was excavated to 2 feet and location SSBA102 was excavated to 1.25 feet. Post-excavation samples were collected and submitted for explosives analysis; 2-4-DNT was detected in both post-excavation samples at 1,200 µg/Kg and 780 µg/Kg, respectively.

Locations SSBA101 and SSBA102 were excavated further along with a third location, SSBA103, and final post-excavation samples were collected in February 2009. The results for explosives from all post-excavation samples were non-detect.

XCTC Investigation

Soil samples were collected in May 2010 in support of the XCTC investigation (Figure 4-28A). Two 100-point multiple increment samples (plus two replicate samples) were collected from the IMT lane area and submitted for perchlorate analyses (LOCIDs SSXCBA1NO and SSXCBA1SO). Low levels of perchlorate were detected in all samples ranging from 0.16 µg/Kg to 0.45 µg/Kg. One 50-point multiple increment sample was collected from the northern plate area and submitted for explosives and perchlorate analyses (LOCID SSXCBA1PL). Explosives were non-detect and perchlorate was detected at 0.76 µg/Kg.

Analytical results for all soil samples collected from the BA-1 Training Area are summarized in Appendix B.

Response Actions

Soil was excavated to a depth of 6 feet from a 20-foot by 20-foot area around anomaly #4 in 2001. Sampling results indicated that the highest bromoform levels were located on the northern and eastern sidewalls of the initial excavation. Therefore, additional sampling and excavation was conducted in 2005, extending the north and east wall excavation areas by 3 feet laterally. Post-excavation soil samples were collected and were non-detect for bromoform. Further details of the soil sampling programs accompanying the excavation efforts are discussed in Section 4.6.1.3 above.

The 5-foot by 5-foot areas around discovered propellant bags at locations SSBA101, SSBA102 and SSBA103 were excavated in February 2009. Post-excavation soil samples were collected and were non-detect for all explosives.

Risk Screening

The detected concentration of chromium (1.7 µg/L from location 03MW0707 in 1999) exceeded the Tapwater RSL for hexavalent chromium (0.035 µg/L), but was less than the RSL for trivalent chromium (22,000 µg/L), and the MCL (100 µg/L) and the MCP GW-1 Standard (100 µg/L) for


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-80

total chromium. Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate was sporadically detected and most likely was a laboratory contaminant. It has not been detected in more recent sampling events (2009-2011).

Analyte Frequency

of Detection

Maximum Detected


MCL |(µg/L)

Health Advisory

(µg/L)

Tapwater RSL

(µg/L) MCP GW-1

(µg/L)

CHROMIUM, TOTAL 1/1 1.7 J 03MW0707 6/14/1999 100 100 0.035 100

bis(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE 2/13 12 J 27MW2061 1/9/2002 6 3 6 6

Note: Tapwater RSL for chromium VI listed. RSL for chromium III is 22,000 µg/L. Highlighted numbers indicate sample exceeds criteria.

Confirmatory samples collected from the excavations of locations SSBA101 and SSBA102 and SSBA103 were non-detect for all explosives. Perchlorate was detected in samples collected pursuant to the XCTC investigation, but the maximum detected concentration (0.76 µg/Kg) was less than the screening criteira.

Recommendations

Based upon a review of investigation results and the completion of response actions, including the response action at Anomaly #4 for soil bromoform contamination, no further action is recommended for Area BA-1.

4.6.2 GN1/GN2 Grenade Courts


The GN-1 grenade court was located on the south side of Howe Road near the intersection with Frank Perkins Road (Figure 4-29). GN-2 was located approximately 400 yards east of GN-1 on the north side of Howe Road. Little information is available on the historical use of these courts, however, what few records exist indicate practice hand grenades were used at GN-1 and high explosive fragmentation hand grenades were used at GN-2. Aerial photographs suggest the courts were active in the 1950s, but have been inactive for the past several decades. Apparent remnants of the five concrete bays from which the grenades were thrown were discovered at GN-2 during a 1998 USACE site inspection. No ordnance was observed in the area of these courts during that inspection.

Subsequent inspections of the GN grenade courts were conducted in June 2000. Two roads were identified at the former GN-1 court that may have been the “U-shaped” access road for the former parking area at the court. However, there was no longer any visible evidence of the parking area or grenade court in this area.

A similar “U-shaped” access road at the GN-2 court was still present. Since its deactivation in the 1950s, however, the gun position GP-11 was constructed over the former court. Although a historical hand drawn sketch of the Howe Road courts indicated an earthen barrier was located on the southern side of the GN-2 court, no barrier was observed during the site inspections. There was no evidence of intact grenade court structures within the cleared area for GP-11. Northeast of the cleared area, beyond the tree line, large sections of reinforced concrete, some partially buried, were visible. There were also low mounds of soil collocated with this debris. The concrete demolition debris was surmised to be the remnants of the former throwing bays visible on the


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-81

1955 aerial photograph. An approximate 15-foot diameter crater was also present in the vicinity of the concrete sections along with several shallow depressions. Their function was unknown.

A geophysical survey was conducted under the MSP Phase I covering an area of 130 by 100 meters at GP-11. Additionally, approximately 500 meters of trails were surveyed. The survey was conducted using both a cesium vapor magnetometer (CVM) and an EM-61 electromagnetic sensor. Within GP-11, 420 EM-61 and 323 CVM anomalies were selected and identified. Thirty-one EM-61 and 49 CVM anomalies were detected along the trails.

The density of anomalies was greatest towards the northeast. Ninety-five of the anomalies were evaluated by excavation. Most of the items discovered were fuze clips, projectile lift rings, and other shipping materials that might be associated with general debris from any firing site. One supplemental charge was discovered and removed prior to the survey. MSP Phase 1 concluded that no further excavation was warranted. Fifteen of an additional 73 anomalies identified on the GP-11 trails during MSP Phase 1 were investigated under MSP Phase 3. Two supplemental charges were discovered on GP-10 and GP-11. No munitions items were discovered on the GP-11 trails.

Groundwater

There are relatively few monitoring wells located in the immediate vicinity of the Grenade Courts. The locations of wells in this area are indicated in Figure 4-29. Groundwater flow in the vicinity of the Grenade Courts is toward the southwest. Monitoring well MW-496 is located immediately downgradient of Grenade Court 2. There are no monitoring wells located within or immediately downgradient of Grenade Court 1. Wells BHW27 and USBH027027 are located in the northern portion of Training Area BA-1. Monitoring well MW-496 is considered to be an appropriate well with which to assess groundwater from Grenade Court 2. Explosives, perchlorate, semivolatiles, and metals have been analyzed in samples from this well.

Perchlorate has been detected in 2 samples (out of 6) collected at MW-496 at a trace maximum concentration of 0.049 µg/L (Table 4-2S). A majority of the TAL metals have been detected in one or more (out of 6) samples collected from this well. Levels were generally comparable to JBCC background concentrations although the maximum concentrations of iron (1,990 µg/L) and aluminum (1,994 µg/L) exceed background levels. Copper (total) was detected at a maximum concentration of 4.6 µg/L in a sample collected in 2010. Lead was detected at a maximum concentration of 1.3 µg/L in a sample collected in 2008. Three semivolatile compounds (benzylbutylphthalate, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, and dimethyl phthalate) were detected at maximum concentrations of 5.2 µg/L, 1.2 µg/L, and 0.8 µg/L, respectively. These constituents are further considered in the Risk Screening. Groundwater analytical data for monitoring wells associated with the Grenade Courts is presented in Appendix A.

Soil Investigations

Based on the analysis of historical records and field inspections, the GN-2 grenade court was selected as the best representative grenade-training site for assessing impacts from past training activities. The lack of distinguishable features in the area of former GN-1 and the disturbed soil areas due to construction activities rendered GN-1 area less suitable for sampling.


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-82

A review of historic aerial photographs provides information on the layout of former grenade court GN-2. A 1958 aerial photograph shows what appears to be five concrete throwing bays at the north-central portion of the cleared area. The target areas were visible at the northern edge of the clearing. Figure 4-29 shows the location of the throwing bays and target areas at the former grenade court. When the grenade court was reconfigured into a gun position (GP-11), the concrete bays were demolished and debris was moved to the north of the cleared area. Two portions of the former GN-2 court were selected for sampling: the target areas north of the former throwing bays and the debris piles located within the wooded area to the north of the GP-11 cleared area. Two soil grids (SS61K and SS61L) were positioned at the center of the presumed target areas approximately 75 feet north, and slightly east, of the center throwing bays. Two additional soil grids (SS61M and SS61N) were positioned within the concrete debris and soil piles located to the northeast of the cleared area with the SS61N grid located within the shallow depression, discussed above.

Soil samples were collected from 0 to 3 inches at location SS61K in July 2000. Soil samples were collected from this location and locations SS61L, SS61M and SS61N in April 2001 from two depths (0 to 6 inches and 18 to 24 inches bgs) within 22-foot by 22-foot sampling grids. Five-point composite samples and discrete samples from the center node of the grid were collected from all locations at each depth.

Composite soil samples were collected from three locations (SS61O, SS61P, and SS61Q) within the low soil berms observed north of the former target areas. The composite samples were prepared from a series of discrete samples obtained by hand auger at each location from a continuous vertical boring starting at the berm surface and ending at the presumed bottom depth (i.e., original grade). One composite sample was prepared from each location by thoroughly homogenizing the discrete samples collected from each boring.

Soil samples collected from locations SS61K, SS61L and SS61M were submitted for explosives, SVOCs, and TAL metals analysis. Soil samples obtained from location SS61K in July 2000 and locations SS61N through SS61Q in 2001 were submitted for a full suite of analyses including VOCs, EDB, SVOCs, pesticides/PCBs, herbicides, explosives, TAL metals and miscellaneous parameters (ammonia, nitrate/nitrite, total phosphorous and TOC).

The results for explosives were non-detect in all samples. Estimated levels of the VOCs, acetone, MEK, toluene, bromomethane and/or PCE were detected in some of the samples. Low levels of DDE and/or DDT were detected in all samples. The herbicide, MCPA, was reported in one soil sample collected from 18 to 24 inches at locations SS61N. The MCPA results were later determined to be false positive results due to matrix interferences (AMEC 2002) and should be considered non-detect. 2,4-dinitrotoluene was detected in two samples collected from 0 to 6 inches at locations SS61K (1,600 µg/Kg) and SS61L (2,900 µg/Kg). Miscellaneous SVOC phthalates were also detected in a few samples

Several TAL metals including aluminum, arsenic, barium, beryllium, boron, cadmium, calcium, chromium, cobalt, iron, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, potassium, selenium, vanadium and zinc were detected in all samples at levels comparable to JBCC background. The maximum concentrations of copper (2,290 mg/Kg) and lead (80 mg/Kg) were detected in the sample collected from 0 to 3 inches bgs at location SS61K. Copper and lead results from samples


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-83

collected in April 2001 were much lower; copper at 15.6 mg/Kg and lead at 14 mg/Kg in a sample collected from 0 to 6 inches at this location. The miscellaneous parameters, noted above, were reported at low levels in the samples with TOC results ranging from 4,100 mg/Kg to 545,000 mg/Kg.

The discussion of the data collected from these locations, SS61K through SS61Q, were presented and evaluated as part of GP-11 included in the Final Gun and Mortar Position Investigation Report (Tetra Tech 2011b) although prior reports indicate that these locations are pertinent to the GN-1 area. The data are included here for informational purposes.

In May 2002, samples were collected from locations SS61K and SS61l. Eleven grids were sampled for dioxins and furans at 0 to 6 inches and 18 to 24 inches bgs, as part of the Final Gun and Mortar Additional Characterization Work Plan dated 24 April 2002. Analytical results and the calculated 2,3,7,8-TCDD TEQ for these samples are provided in Appendix B.

GP-11 was divided into five decision units (locids: TTGMGP11DU1 through TTGMGP11DU5) as defined in the Final Investigation Work Plan for the Gun and Mortar Firing Positions dated April 2009. Multiple incremental samples were collected from depths ranging up to 24 inches bgs and were processed and analyzed for explosives, SVOCs, perchlorate and TOC.

2,4-DNT was detected in the surface soil (0 to 6 inches bgs) samples ranging from 450 µg/Kg to a maximum reported concentration of 2,500 µg/Kg in a replicate sample collected from Area 4. 2,4-DNT detections were confirmed by both explosives and SVOC analysis. 2,6-DNT was reported at low levels by the SVOC method in all surface soil samples. 2,4-DNT and/or 2,6-DNT were not detected in any of the subsurface (18 to 24 inches bgs) samples.

Low levels of several other SVOCs were detected in all of the soil samples. 2-Nitrodiphenylamine and di-n-butylphthlate were reported in one or more samples at maximum concentrations of 61 µg/Kg (Area 3) and 2,800 µg/Kg (Area 3), respectively. N-nitrosodiphenylamine was also reported at low levels in several samples with the maximum concentration of 100 µg/Kg reported from a replicate sample collected from Area 4.

Several PAHs were reported in one or more samples, including benzo(a)pyrene, fluoranthene, phenanthrene, and pyrene at low levels. Benzyl alcohol and/or phthalate compounds were also reported in several samples. Perchlorate was detected at estimated levels in most samples.

In accordance with the Gun and Mortar Positions Soil Removal Action Project Note (dated June 1, 2010); three gun position areas with elevated concentrations of 2,4-DNT were identified for a soil removal action. GP-11 locations SS61K and SS61L were included in these areas. As stated in the project note, approximately 789 cubic yards of soil were to be removed from the center of GP-11 due to elevated levels of 2,4-DNT reported in samples TTGMGP11DU3 (2,000 µg/Kg) and TTGMGP11DU4 (2,500 µg/Kg) as well as prior detections in samples collected from SS61F (1,200 µg/Kg), SS61K (1,600 µg/Kg) and SS61L (2,900 µg/Kg).

The project note specified that 100-point multiple increment post-excavation soil samples be collected from each of the five identified decision units in GP-11.


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-84

Response Actions

The Gun and Mortar Positions Soil Removal Action Project Note (dated June 1, 2010) specified that the area in GP-11 with elevated detections of 2,4-DNT be excavated to 6 inches bgs and that 100-point multi-increment post-excavation soil samples be collected from each of the five identified decision units in GP-11. The areas around locations SS61K and SS61L were included in the proposed excavation areas. However, at the same time it was discovered that the 2,4-DNT detected in soil was part of a propellant residue containing nitrocellulose. Further, it was found that the 2,4-DNT in the nitrocellulose matrix was resistant to dissolution and leaching. Based on these observations, the excavation work detailed in the project note was cancelled.

Laboratory studies on the mobility of 2,4-DNT in soil were conducted by the USACE CRREL in support of the Small Arms Range Operable Unit Investigations at JBCC. Results of these laboratory studies are summarized in Section 3.2.8 of the Final Small Arms Investigation Report. EPA has reviewed and accepted this document. The research results are presented in detail in the ERDC/CRREL Report entitled “Sorption/Desorption Measurements of Nitroglycerin and Dinitrotoluene in Camp Edwards, Massachusetts Soil” (USACE 2009).

Risk Screening

The detected concentration of chromium (2.3 µg/L from location MW-496 in 2010) exceeded the Tapwater RSL for hexavalent chromium (0.035 µg/L), but was less than the RSL for trivalent chromium (22,000 µg/L), and the MCL (100 µg/L) and the MCP GW-1 Standard (100 µg/L) for total chromium. Although three phthalates were occasionally detected, the concentrations observed were below screening criteria.

Analyte

Frequency of

Detection

Maximum Detected


MCL (µg/L)

Health Advisory

(µg/L) Tapwater

RSL (µg/L)

MCP GW-1 (µg/L)

CHROMIUM, TOTAL 1/6 2.3 J MW-496 9/27/2010 100 100 0.035 100 Note: Tapwater RSL for chromium VI listed. RSL for chromium III is 22,000 µg/L. Highlighted numbers indicate sample exceeds criteria.

Because the areas around locations SS61K and SS61L have been addressed under the Gun and Mortar Operable Unit, no risk screening for soil was conducted.

Recommendations

Based upon a review of investigation results, and the fact that the GN-2 Area was evaluated under GP-11 as part of the Final Gun and Mortar Position Investigation Report, no further action is recommended for the GN-1/GN-2 Grenade Courts.

4.6.3 Mock Village


In 1941, a mock village was constructed on the north side of Jefferson Road east of Barlow Road and southeast of Ox Pond (Figure 4-30). The purpose of the village was to instruct troops in the methods of street reconnaissance and fighting, clearing house and villages and in firing accurately and quickly at suddenly appearing targets. Ordnance utilized at the site included .30 caliber blank


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-85

rounds, blocks of TNT, pyrotechnics (booby traps) and live hand grenades. It is believed the Mock Village was used only in the 1940s.

Several reconnaissance inspections have been conducted at this site. The first was in 1998. With the exception of earthen berms and mounds, no evidence of the former Mock Village was discovered. Much of the area in and around the Mock Village training site has been revegetated. A second inspection of the site was conducted in June 2000. Several earthen structures and timber-reinforced pits or tunnels were discovered on the northern side of Jefferson Road during the June 2000 inspection. These structures are presumed to be the remnants of underground “pits” from which pop-up targets were safely operated by course instructors during training exercises (USACE 1999).

No ordnance, pyrotechnics or evidence of TNT use were found during the June 28, 2000 site inspection. The limited amount of physical evidence on past ordnance use gathered during the field reconnaissance inspection provided little information to supplement what is known of past training activities at the Mock Village.

An additional site inspection was conducted in October 2001. Four timber-lined pits were determined to be the former operator pits suspected during earlier inspections where pop-up targets were operated. Three shallow pits were also discovered and, based on information gathered on past training methods, these pits were presumed to be the remnants of pyrotechnics pits. Rusted 5-gallon containers located nearby each of these pits was believed to be the remnants of smoke pots used during training exercises.

Currently, the Mock Village is being investigated by AFCEC under the Military Munitions Response Program (MMRP).

Groundwater

There are two monitoring wells in the immediate vicinity of the former location of the Mock Village. The locations of these wells are indicated on Figure 4-30. As indicated, groundwater flow in this portion of JBCC is toward the northeast. Well 84MW0004 is located near what is believed to have been the center of the area. However, this is an AFCEC well and associated data is not in EDMS. Well LRWS4-1 is located downgradient of the area. This well has been sampled for multiple analytes including metals, semivolatiles and water quality parameters.

A number of TAL metals have been detected in one or more of the several samples that have been collected at well LRWS4-1 (Table 4-2T). Copper was not detected in samples collected from well LRWS4-1. Lead was detected in one (out of two) sample collected from LRWS4-1 at a maximum concentration of 2.4 µg/L in 1997. Zinc was detected in two (out of two) samples collected at a maximum concentration of 3,220 µg/L in a sample also collected in 1997. The maximum reported concentration of iron (3,670 µg/L) was also elevated. One semivolatile (bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate) was collected in one (out of two) sample collected at LRWS4-1 at a concentration of 100 µg/L. Groundwater analytical data for monitoring well LRWS4-1 is presented in Appendix A.


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-86

Soil Investigations

Based on the inspection findings, soil samples were collected in April 2002 from the centers of all three pits (Loc IDs: SS172A, SS172B and SS172C). Discrete soil samples were collected from 0 to 6 inches bgs and submitted for explosives, SVOCs, TAL metals and dyes analyses.

The results for explosives and dyes were non-detect in all samples. Estimated levels of the SVOCs, benzyl alcohol, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, fluoranthene and benzoic acid were detected at their respective method reporting limits.

Several TAL metals including aluminum, arsenic, barium, beryllium, boron, cadmium, calcium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, potassium, selenium, vanadium and zinc were detected in all samples at levels generally comparable to JBCC background. The maximum concentrations of copper (31 mg/Kg) and lead (26.9 mg/Kg) were detected in the sample collected from location SS172B.

Analytical results for soil samples collected from the Mock Village Area are summarized in Appendix B.

Response Actions

No groundwater or soil remedial response actions have been implemented as a result of investigation findings to date at the Mock Village. As noted above, the Mock Village is now an MMRP site. The need for response actions is being re-evaluated under that program.

Risk Screening

The maximum detected concentration of zinc exceeded the HA but was less than the Tapwater RSL and the MCP GW-1 Standard. The single detected concentration of bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate was greater than the MCP, the HA, the Tapwater RSL and the MCP GW-1 Standard.

Analyte Frequency

of Detection

Maximum Detected


MCL (µg/L)

Health Advisory

(µg/L)

Tapwater RSL

(µg/L) MCP GW-1

(µg/L)

ZINC 2/2 3.,220 XXLRWS4-1 11/24/1997 - 2,000 6,000 5,000

bis(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE 1/2 100 XXLRWS4-1 11/24/1997 6 3 6 6


Three soil samples from the Mock Village were analyzed for explosives, metals, SVOCs, and four anthraquinones. No explosives or anthraquinones were detected.

Arsenic concentrations marginally above background (5.5 mg/Kg) were observed at the Mock Village (at a maximum concentration of 6.1 mg/Kg). While arsenic is sometimes a trace constituent in lead-antimony alloy small arms projectiles (on the order of 0.01 or 0.001 percent by weight), the arsenic concentrations observed in the soil are likely due to natural origin. The presence of arsenic in Training Areas soil is likely due to natural occurrence and does not warrant further evaluation.

The maximum detected concentration of chromium at the Mock Village (20.7 mg/Kg) was only slightly greater than background (19 mg/Kg) and was less than the MCP S-1/GW-1 Standard


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-87

(100 mg/Kg). Chromium has not been detected in groundwater monitoring samples from the Mock Village.

The maximum detected concentration of lead (26.9 mg/Kg) exceeded its JBCC background soil concentration (19 mg/Kg) but was less than the MCP S-1/GW-1 Standard (200 mg/Kg).

Benzoic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate and fluoranthene were detected but the concentrations detected were below screening criteria.

Recommendations

No further action by the IAGWSP is recommended because Mock Village is being evaluated by the Air Force under the MMRP.

4.6.4 Former Ammunition Supply Points


In the 1940s, 26 ammunition storage igloos (i.e., Quonset huts) and associated earthen bunkers were constructed in the southwestern portion of the base (Figure 4-31). Most of the facility was later demolished and converted to base residential housing area in the 1950s. The area continued to be used for housing until the early 1990s. The Campbell School, also now demolished, was constructed in 1965 northeast of the residential housing within the limits of the former ASP facility. The school was used by the families of personnel stationed at Otis Air Force Base. In 1974, the Town of Bourne acquired the Campbell School from the U.S. Air Force. Following detection of dieldrin in site soils, a Release Abatement Measure (RAM) was implemented under the MCP.

According to a 1941 Final Completion Report provided in the Ordnance and Munitions Archive Search Report (USACE 1999; Appendix E-6), the first 17 storage igloos were constructed in 1941. These included three portable steel igloos (10 feet, 9 inches by 20 feet), two portable steel igloos (10 feet 4 inches by 20 feet), and 12 portable steel igloos (40 feet 4 inches by 20 feet). The presence of floor asphalt-lined gutters within the igloos was significant because floor washings containing explosive compound residuals spilled from stored ammunition may have been released to outside soils through this drainage system.

Nine additional ammunition storage igloos were constructed after the original 17 bringing the total number to 26. No construction details for these additional nine igloos have been found, but aerial photographic evidence suggests they were similar to the original 17.

A thorough site reconnaissance of the area, conducted jointly by the NGB and regulatory agencies on June 28, 2000, revealed three concrete slabs (remnants of the former storage igloos) and their associated U-shaped earthen berms. The construction details of the three remaining concrete structures were observed to be consistent with design specifications written in the 1940s (USACE 1999; Appendix E-6). Separate floor gutters were located on both sides of the concrete slabs, each with three imbedded pipes designed to discharge gutter water to grade outside the limits of the slab.

Groundwater

Two groundwater monitoring wells are located in the immediate vicinity of the Former ASP. The locations of these wells are indicated on Figure 4-31. As indicated, groundwater flow in this portion


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-88

of JBCC is toward the southwest. Monitoring well MW-156S is located immediately downgradient of the southwestern corner of the area. During well installation in February 2001, profile samples were collected from boring MW-156 and analyzed for explosives and VOCs. In 2001, 2002 and 2003, well MW-156S was analyzed for explosives, VOCs, metals, and pesticides. The pesticide sampling was conducted in conjunction with certain concerns related to pesticide use as discussed in Section 4.6.4.3 below.

No explosives were detected in MW-156 in 2001 (Table 4-2U). The groundwater samples analyzed from well MW-156S in 2001 and 2002 were also all non-detect for explosives. These samples were collected at depths of 90 to 95 bgs, 100 to 105 bgs and 110 to 115 bgs, respectively. The samples analyzed for pesticides from well MW-156S were largely non-detect for pesticides. However, a few pesticides were detected at trace concentrations. In February 2003, alpha-chlordane (0.012 µg/L), gamma chlordane (0.0079 µg/L) and p,p’-DDT (0.010 µg/L) were detected. In follow-up sampling conducted in March 2003, alpha chlordane (0.015 µg/L) and gamma chlordane (0.0075 µg/L) were again detected, at concentrations similar to those of the previous month. Volatile organics, SVOCs and trace metals (including copper and lead) were largely non-detect in a sample collected from MW-156S in 2001. Groundwater analytical data for monitoring wells associated with the Former ASP is presented in Appendix A.

Soil Investigations

In 1974, the Town of Bourne acquired the Campbell School from the U.S. Air Force. Soil testing in the vicinity of the school revealed elevated concentrations of the pesticide dieldrin, presumably used to control insects around the residential structures. As a part of subsequent sampling conducted to determine the extent of this dieldrin contamination, selected soil samples were obtained from the former ammunition storage area on the easternmost side of the site where a few remaining U-shaped earthen bunkers still exist. Soil sampling locations included drain pipe discharge locations associated with the remaining ASP igloo slabs. Thirteen of these 22 soil samples were analyzed for explosive compounds by Method 8330. RDX was detected at 0.78 mg/Kg (estimated) in a sample collected near one of the former igloos. RDX was not detected in a duplicate sample collected from the same location.

Certain metals, including zinc and lead, were detected in some soil samples possibly associated with galvanized metal. Dieldrin was detected in 1 of 25 samples (post-MCP dieldrin RAM).

In March 2001, three surface soil samples (SS-131A, SS-131B and SS-131C) were collected in the northeastern portion of the Former ASP at the locations of slabs for former Quonset huts. These samples were analyzed for metals and pesticides. Several metals (including arsenic, barium, calcium, copper, and iron among others) were detected in all three samples at concentrations generally comparable to JBCC background although the maximum values of certain metals did exceed background levels. The maximum detected values of copper and lead were 8.7 mg/Kg and 55.1 mg/Kg, respectively. Zinc was detected at a maximum concentration of 233 mg/Kg. As noted above, zinc may be associated with galvanized pipe.

The pesticide dieldrin was detected at two locations with the maximum concentration (14.0 µg/Kg) reported for sample SS-131C. The pesticide gamma BHC (lindane) was also detected at a concentration of 7.3 µg/Kg. These pesticide detections are further considered in the Risk Screening.


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-89

Geophysics

In 2014 a Comprehensive Site Evaluation (CSE) Phase II investigation was conducted under the MMRP at the 42.5 acre JBCC Former Ammunitions Supply Point-West (FASP-West). As part of the CSE, an extensive geophysics investigation was performed at FASP-West. This investigation included an instrument assisted surface sweep, digital geophysical mapping and intrusive investigation of selected targets. Under this investigation, digital geophysical mapping was conducted over ~30% of the munitions response site followed by intrusive investigation of ~300 selected anomalies. This investigation was conducted from October 28 to November 10 2014.

Initially, surface removal activities were performed from October 28 to November 5, 2014 by UXO staff using Schonstedt magnetometers. Subsequent geophysical investigations were conducted using a Geonics Limited EM61-MK2 high resolution time-domain electromagnetic induction sensor. For this investigation the instrument was operated in a towed array in conjunction with a global positioning system providing real time tracking capabilities. Based on the geophysical results, 300 target anomalies were re-acquired and investigated.

No Munitions and Explosives of Concern (MEC) was identified at FASP-West during the CSE. No munitions related items were detected during intrusive investigation of anomalies. One munitions debris item was discovered but was determined not to be site related. Based upon the investigation findings, FASP-West was assigned a Munitions Response Site Priority of “No Known or Suspected Hazard”.

Geophysical investigations are ongoing at the Former Ammunition Supply Point – East (FASP – East) under the Air Force Military Munitions Response Program. Similar to recent investigations at FASP – West, these geophysical investigations are part of a CSE. The specific objectives of the geophysical investigation are to identify MEC at FASP – East and also to determine whether MC is present in concentrations exceeding applicable regulatory criteria. Based upon the results of the MEC and MC evaluations, hazard analyses and screening level risk assessments are being conducted to provide an overall assessment of FASP – East.

The field investigations are based upon the Draft CSE Phase II Work Plan (USACE 2016). They include land surveying, geophysical surveys, intrusive anomaly investigations and sampling of environmental media. Anomaly investigations involve dividing the site into grid areas followed by implementation of industry standard flagging and dig protocols. All MEC discoveries are processed under established JBCC regulations.

Response Actions

No recent groundwater or soil remedial response actions have been implemented as a result of investigation findings for the Former Ammunition Supply Points. However, as discussed in Section 4.6.4.1, a RAM was implemented under the MCP at the site of the former Campbell School, in conjunction with the detection of dieldrin in soils.

Risk Screening

Explosives and perchlorate were not detected in any of the groundwater samples from the Former ASP. Although a few pesticides (alpha- and gamma-chlordane, and beta-BHC) were detected, the concentrations observed were less than screening criteria.


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-90

Twenty four soil samples from the Former ASP were analyzed for explosives, SVOCs, pesticides, PCBs and metals. No explosives were detected.

Cadmium and chromium concentrations were consistent with background. The maximum detected concentration of manganese (576 mg/Kg) exceeded its JBCC background soil concentration (134 mg/Kg). Four of 24 samples from the Former ASP contained manganese in excess of background and its JBCC SSL and EPA Risk-Based SSL. There was no MCP S-1/GW-1 Standard for manganese but the EPA Residential Soil RSL is 18,000 mg/Kg. These same locations contained elevated levels of lead (30.6 to 55.5 mg/Kg) relative to background concentrations of lead but the concentrations were below the MCP S-1/GW-1 Standard for lead (200 mg/Kg).

Dieldrin was detected in nine of the 24 samples collected from the Former ASP. Only the maximum exceeded the MCP S-1/GW-1 Standard. Dieldrin was detected in JBCC background samples at a concentration of 0.03 mg/Kg. Dieldrin was not detected in groundwater.

Of the three detections of gamma-BHC, only the two highest detected concentrations of gamma-BHC exceeded its Method 1 S 1/GW-1 Standard but the other seven samples collected from the same locations were non-detect for gamma-BHC. Gamma-BHC was not detected in groundwater.

Alpha-chlordane was detected one of 24 samples from the Former ASP. This single detection exceeded the JBCC SSL (0.0004 mg/Kg) but was less than EPA Risk-Based SSL (0.015 mg/Kg) and the MCP S-1/GW-1 Standard (5 mg/Kg). Alpha-chlordane was detected in a single groundwater sample from the Former ASP at a concentration below screening criteria.

Many PAH detections were observed in samples the Former ASP. All detected PAHs were below MCP S-1/GW-1 Standards and were detected at concentrations comparable to JBCC background levels. Benzyl alcohol was detected 3 of 24 samples from the Former ASP.

Four of the detections of PCBs were at the Former ASP at sample location SS131C but 20 other samples from the Former ASP including four other samples from location SS131C were non-detect for PCBs.

Recommendations

Based upon a review of the investigation results and risk evaluation, no further action under the IAGWSP is recommended for the Former Ammunition Supply Point. The Air Force is evaluating Former ASP under their MMRP program.

4.6.5 1940s Era Latrines


A total of 21 permanent latrines were identified and appear consistent with structures shown on the Defense Mapping Agency (DMA) (1994) map throughout the training areas of JBCC (Figure 4-32). These latrines were enclosed structures, some constructed without holding tanks according to an interviewee (USACE 1999d). Temporary pit latrines were also dug in the Training Areas until the late 1980s (Ogden 1997d). Bivouac areas also had pit latrines for disposal of gray water from field kitchens. The gray water was passed through a grease trap before discharge to soakage pits. However, the gray water is not considered to be a likely source of contamination.


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-91

Historical information (USACE 1999) indicates that in 1935 there were 16 officer latrine buildings and 25 latrines for enlisted men at JBCC. Locations were not specified. Another 22 latrines associated with specific ranges or gun and mortar positions were mentioned in a 1979 Range Use SOP. References to operating procedures for off-site ranges were also noted. These procedures, dated 1943, indicate the insides of latrines were sprayed with oil, presumably as an antiseptic. A 4-foot area around the latrine was also oiled. No documentation of latrine maintenance activities at JBCC was found.

Several former latrines were located and inspected as part of the Phase IIb field activities; however, at that time, only the abandoned J-2 Range latrine was presumed to be 1940s-era. During a supplemental Phase IIb site reconnaissance, a second 1940s-era latrine located at the J-3 range was inspected. The details of these latrines are discussed in the J-2 Range and J-3 Range RI reports.

Groundwater

As indicated in Figure 4-32, the numerous field latrines were distributed throughout JBCC, primarily to the south, west and north of the Central Impact Area. Due to the small areas of the individual latrines and the large number of historical field locations, there are no monitoring wells that are considered appropriate to provide representative data on possible impacts to groundwater.

Soil Investigations

In the absence of significant physical evidence of latrine remnants and based on visual observations of the abandoned structure at the J-3 Range, no soil sampling was proposed or conducted. No other latrine soils have been sampled.

Response Actions

No groundwater or soil remedial response actions were implemented as a result of investigation findings for the latrines.

Risk Screening

No soil or groundwater data was available for the latrines.

Recommendations

Based upon a review of the investigation results, no further action is recommended for the latrines.

4.6.6 Stables


The Stables Area was used as holding pens for horses and other livestock during the 1950s and 1960s. The area consists of approximately 19 acres in the southern portion of the installation east of the golf course (Figure 4-33). Currently, the Stables Area is unused and undeveloped. No records were found for any EOD emergency calls made to this site and no EOD reports were filed for the Stables Area.

Several ordnance items including 2.36-inch rockets along with ferrous debris (i.e., horseshoes, hot rocks, etc.) were discovered in 2008 during a site reconnaissance in the area. The Cultural


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-92

Resource Manager for Camp Edwards at that time indicated that the ordnance items found at the site may have been carried in from other areas. There were no records indicating that the site was ever used for ground training.

Groundwater

As indicated above, the Stables were located in the southern end of JBCC in an area significantly removed from most of the National Guard training areas. As indicated in Figure 4-33, groundwater flow is toward the southwest. There are no monitoring wells in the immediate vicinity of the Stables. There are no historical records indicating any specific training activities or munitions use within the Stables area. As such, no groundwater data has been evaluated for the Stables.

Soil Investigations

No soil sampling investigations have been conducted in the Stables Area.

Response Actions

No groundwater or soil remedial response actions have been implemented as a result of investigation findings for the Stables area. In 2002, geophysical survey results indicated a few anomalies at the Stables Area, reportedly including several 2.36 inch rockets. It is believed that these items may have been carried into the Stables Area. Further investigation indicated that the rockets were inert [i.e. training or dummy rounds]. The inert rounds were removed from the area. No live munitions were discovered in the Stables Area.

Risk Screening

No soil or groundwater data was available for the Stables Area.

Recommendations

There are no historical records indicating any specific training activities or munitions use within the Stables Area. As such, no further action is recommended for Stables Area. Currently, the Stables Area is being investigated by AFCEC under the MMRP.

4.6.7 Bayonet Areas (BY1, BY2 and BY4)


According to the 1999 ASR, ranges constructed between September 1940 and July 1941 included bayonet qualification courses. These courses were intended to provide training in the use of rifle bayonets against primarily stationary inert targets. These courses are not believed to have involved munitions use or any possible sources of chemical contaminants. There are no records of unexploded ordnance, DMM, or MC presence at any of the bayonet areas. A total of 12 bayonet areas were planned, three areas have been identified as bayonet assault courses (BY1, BY2 and BY4). It is uncertain if the remaining nine ranges were built and/or where they may have been located.

BY1 was located near the southern boundary of JBCC just north of the railroad tracks and Kittridge Road (Figure 4-34). Based on interviews and maps, BY1 was estimated to encompass 13 acres in size with approximately 3 acres overlapping the Stables Area (Section 4.6.6). The period of use


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-93

was estimated at between 1941 and 1955. BY1 was listed on a 1949 Range Layout Map (ASR 1999). This is currently an undeveloped wooded area, although railroad tracks are still present.

BY2 was also listed on a 1949 Range Layout Map and was located near the southern boundary of JBCC immediately west of Simpkins Road (Figure 4-35). BY2 was also estimated as 13 acres in size and was in use from 1941 to 1955. This is currently an undeveloped wooded area.

BY4 was located west of Greenway Road near the eastern boundary of JBCC. BY4 was listed on the 1949 Range Layout Map. BY4 was also estimated as 13 acres in size and was in use from 1941 to 1955. This area is currently an open field that was fenced in as part of the airfield crash zone.

Groundwater

As indicated above, Bayonet Areas 1 and 2 were located near the southern perimeter of JBCC. As indicated in Figure 4-34, there are no monitoring wells in the immediate vicinity of Bayonet Area 1. As indicated in Figure 4-35, groundwater flow at Bayonet Areas 1 and 2 is toward the southwest. One monitoring well (03MW2609A) lies just within the northeastern perimeter of this Area. However, due to the fact that this well is essentially upgradient of almost all of Bayonet Area 2, it is not considered to be an appropriate location with which to assess possible groundwater impacts from Bayonet Area 2. In addition, historical activities at the Bayonet Areas would be unlikely to result in any significant releases of potential groundwater contaminants. Therefore, no groundwater data has been evaluated for the Bayonet Areas.

Soil Investigations

Soil sampling has not been conducted at any of the bayonet areas.

Response Actions

No groundwater or soil remedial response actions have been implemented as a result of the investigation findings for the Bayonet Areas.

Risk Screening

No soil or groundwater data was available for the Bayonet Areas.

Recommendations

There are no historical records indicating any specific training activities that could release any contaminants or munitions use within these Bayonet Areas. As such, no further action is recommended for the Bayonet Areas. Currently, the Bayonet Areas are being investigated by AFCEC under the MMRP.

4.6.8 Waste Oil Dump Sites


Research on historical training activities revealed a number of motor vehicle maintenance and training practices within the Impact Area and Training Areas that might have resulted in the release of waste oil.


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-94

The Final Range Use History Report and Ordnance and Explosives Archives Search Report (USACE 2002) revealed two possible sources of waste oil: vehicle maintenance and the use of junk vehicles for Impact Area targets. Vehicle maintenance training activities, including oil changes, were performed at various locations within the training areas prior to the 1980s. Accidental releases of motor oil are likely to have occurred, though little detail is available on specific locations where these releases may have occurred. Junk vehicles including tanks, armored personnel carriers, and automobiles were also reported to have been moved into the Central Impact Area and left as artillery and mortar targets. The engines and transmissions were reportedly left intact in some of these vehicles thus posing a potential fluid release threat as a result of artillery impacts.

Interview information in the Archive Search Report (USACE 2002) indicates that in the event of any oil spill at the Training Areas, standard procedure was to notify appropriate personnel of the spill and dig up the spill and surrounding dirt and pack it in barrels. Interview information also indicates that all waste oils were collected at the UTES facility which maintained strict control of the input and output of oils. Waste oils were removed off-base by a contractor.

Because many of the vehicle targets remained in place within the Central Impact Area, the inspection of waste oil was focused on potential releases from these items. The objective was to visually inspect vehicles for the condition of engines and to evaluate the potential for engine and transmission fluid releases to the ground surface.

With the exception of tank targets, most of the Central Impact Area vehicles have had their engines or transmissions removed (AMEC 2003). It was not possible at the time of the inspections to determine whether these components were removed prior to emplacement. No obvious oil-stained soils were noted in the vicinity of these targets, nor have any obvious fluid releases been reported.

In contrast, nearly all the tank targets appeared to have their engines intact at the time they were moved onto the Central Impact Area. Many of these engines subsequently showed significant damage due to repeated artillery impacts; however, complete inspection of the ground surface beneath many of the tanks was not possible due to limited access.

Information is not available on the exact quantities of lube oil or transmission fluid that might have been present within individual/specific target vehicles. Based on available information, best estimates are that at most a few gallons of lube oil or transmission fluid might have been present within any given target vehicle. Quantities were likely below reportable levels under the MCP. Therefore, lube oil or transmission fluid quantities are not considered to be a concern for the target vehicles.

Groundwater

The waste oil dump sites consist of multiple sites primarily located in the southern half of the Central Impact Area. Groundwater flow is predominantly toward the west and northwest. Most waste oil dump sites do not have specific locations with specific GPS coordinates. In addition, groundwater monitoring wells in this area are impacted by explosives and munitions related contaminants found throughout a significant portion of the Central Impact Area. Therefore, no


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-95

specific wells have been identified as being appropriate to assess possible groundwater impacts from the Waste Oil Dump Sites and no groundwater data has been evaluated for these sites.

Soil Investigations

Soil sampling was not conducted around the waste oil sites.

Response Actions

In general, no large-scale groundwater or soil remedial response actions were implemented as a result of the investigation findings for the Waste Oil sites. However, some individual vehicles have been removed as part of range operations and maintenance.

Risk Screening

No soil or groundwater data was available for the Waste Oil Dump Sites.

Recommendations

Based upon a review of the investigation results, no further action is recommended for the Waste Oil Sites. At most only small quantities (a few gallons) of lube oil or transmission fluid are believed to have been contained in any target vehicles. This estimate is supported by field visual inspections at multiple target vehicle locations. During visual inspections no evidence of significant residual petroleum product releases has been reported. Therefore, additional investigation of target vehicles does not appear to be warranted.

4.6.9 Air-to-Air Target Darts


An interviewee indicated air-to-air target darts were dropped along Turpentine Road (Ogden 1997a). Figure 4-36 indicates the approximate area where air-to-air target dart activity is believed to have occurred. The affirmation of the use of these darts was not found in the historical records, but was estimated to occur in the late 1950s. The air-to-air darts were used as targets in anti-aircraft training. Towed by aircraft, the darts (which were inert metal objects) were dropped at the completion of training to count hits. There is no evidence of a potential environmental release associated with the darts. It is not certain whether the targets were fired upon from JBCC, but they were dropped for retrieval there. One dart was discovered in the southeast corner of the Impact Area, pointing tail end up from a kettle hole just north near the end of the KD Range (West). The kettle hole has also been identified as GS-10. The soil surface for approximately 50 feet around the dart was inspected; no evidence of munitions use was discovered.

Groundwater

As indicated in Figure 4-36, the Air-to-Air Target Dart Site is located in the southern portion of the Central Impact Area. Groundwater flow is predominantly toward the northwest. As discussed above, only one target dart location has been isolated. Groundwater monitoring wells in this area are potentially impacted by explosives and perchlorate contaminants from the Central Impact Area. Therefore, no specific wells have been identified as being appropriate to assess possible groundwater impacts from the air to air target darts and no groundwater data has been evaluated for these sites.


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-96

Soil Investigations

A single 30- by 30-foot soil sampling grid (SS48A) was established around the one dart that has been discovered. Soil samples were collected at three depths (0 to 3 inches, 3 to 6 inches, and 6 to 12 inches bgs) in December 1999 as part of the Phase IIb investigation program. Five-point composite samples were collected from each depth and submitted for a full suite of analyses including explosives, VOCs, SVOCs, pesticides/PCBs, herbicides, TAL metals and miscellaneous parameters (ammonia, nitrate/nitrite, total phosphorous and TOC).

The results for explosives, SVOCs and herbicides were non-detect in all samples. Acetone and MEK were detected in all samples. Low levels of DDE and DDT were detected in the sample collected from 0 to 3 inches. Several TAL metals including aluminum, arsenic, barium, beryllium, cadmium, calcium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, magnesium, manganese, potassium, selenium, thallium, vanadium and zinc were detected in all samples at levels comparable to JBCC background. The maximum concentration of copper (11.1 mg/Kg) was detected in the sample collected from 3 to 6 inches. The maximum concentration of lead (17.9 mg/Kg) was detected in the sample collected from 0 to 3 inches. The miscellaneous parameters, noted above, were reported at low levels in the samples with TOC results ranging from 11,800 mg/Kg to 39,500 mg/Kg.

Response Actions

No groundwater or soil remedial response actions were implemented as a result of investigation findings for the Air-to-Air Target Darts.

Risk Screening

No groundwater data was available for the Air-to-Air Target Darts.

The three soil samples from location SS48A were analyzed for explosives, metals and inorganics, VOCs, SVOCs, pesticides, herbicides, and PCBs. No explosives, SVOCs, herbicides or PCBs were detected.

Chromium and lead concentrations were consistent with background. The concentrations of manganese (952 to 1,700 mg/Kg) were much higher than background. There was no MCP S-1/GW-1 Standard for manganese but the EPA Residential Soil RSL is 18,000 mg/Kg. The concentrations of thallium (2.7 to 4.2 mg/Kg) were greater than background but were less than the MCP S-1/GW-1 Standard for thallium (8 mg/Kg).

DDE and DDT were detected at concentrations below screening levels. Acetone and 2-butanone were detected in all three soil samples, but the concentrations detected were less than their respective MCP S-1/GW-1 Standards.

Recommendations

Based upon a review of the investigation results, no further action is recommended for the Air to Air Target Darts Area.


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-97

4.7 Former E Range/E-1 Range

4.7.1 Description and Background

This original E Range was constructed in 1941, and at that time, access to the range was gained via a road extending north from Pocassett-Forestdale Road (Figure 4-37). The range was designed and used as an anti-tank training range until the late 1950s or early 1960s at which time the "E Range" designation was given to a small arms range located at Current G Range on Pocassett-Forestdale Road. Records indicate that 2.36-inch and 3.5-inch rockets, 37mm and 75mm practice artillery rounds, and .50 caliber ball ammunition were fired at the Former E Range. No information on training activities at the Former E Range after the early 1960s has been discovered.

According to historical records, Former E Range was comprised of a single firing point and a 12-acre, triangular-shaped target area located 1,000 feet to the east. The purpose of the range was to develop proficiency in firing artillery at tanks approaching from various directions, over rolling terrain, at varying speeds. Records suggest that the predominant weaponry used in training included 37mm and 75mm artillery, as well as .50 caliber machine guns. Weapons were aimed at cloth and wood frame targets mounted on sleds that moved within the target area by a system of cables. The cable system was operated from a bomb-proof shelter equipped with a three-drum hauler from which the operator moved the targets in random directions and distances to simulate moving tanks or trucks. The targets appear to have traversed the target area along lines radiating outward from the western apex of the target area.

During the July 6, 2000 site investigation of the Former E Range, both the target area and presumed firing point were inspected. A limited number of ordnance rounds and related debris were discovered in the heavily overgrown target area. Little written information is available on the exact whereabouts of the firing point. Aerial photographic evidence of its location is also inconclusive; however, a clearing visible 1,000 feet west of the target area best fits the historical range configuration description. Inspection of this presumed former firing point area revealed that significant revegetation has also occurred there since the range was last used. A ¼-acre leveled terrace, slightly higher than the surrounding hummocky terrain and backed by a 3- to 4-foot high earthen berm, was discovered at the western end of the access road leading from the target area. Based on evidence from a 1943 aerial photograph and the configuration of the terrace relative to the target area, it was interpreted to be the former firing point.

A heavily-fortified concrete bunker was discovered further to the west of this presumed firing point area. Records describe a similar structure as the moving target operator’s dugout. A steel plate fastened to the side of this structure designated it as an ammunition storage bunker. Thus, it may have been used to store rocket and artillery rounds at some time in the past for use at the range. Several rounds of 5.56mm (M16) ammunition were observed nearby the bunker. It was unclear if these 5.56mm, and other small caliber ammunition discovered in the vicinity, were used at the range.

A second field inspection of Former E Range was conducted in November 2001 after aeromagnetic survey data of the target area became available. This field inspection was conducted, with the aid of a 1958 aerial photograph, in areas exhibiting magnetic anomalies. Most


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-98

of the anomalies were determined to be attributed to steel cable leftover from the abandonment of the moving target mechanism.

4.7.2 Groundwater

There are a limited number of monitoring wells located in the immediate vicinity of the Former E Range. The locations of representative wells in this area are indicated in Figure 4-37. Groundwater flow in the vicinity of Former E Range is toward the southwest. Several monitoring wells including MW-73, MW-79 and MW-19 are located downgradient of the Former E Range target area. Representative groundwater monitoring wells included in the risk screening are identified in Table 4-1. Explosives, perchlorate, volatiles and dioxins have been analyzed in representative wells proximate to Former E Range.

RDX has been detected in one sample (out of 154) from well MW-74M1 at a concentration of 0.99 µg/L in a sample collected in 2002 (Table 4-2V). Perchlorate has been detected in 19 samples (out of 164) at a maximum concentration of 0.9 µg/L in a sample collected from MW-74M1 in a sample collected in 2003. Certain dioxin congeners including heptachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin (41.2 pg/L), octachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin (209 pg/L) and octachloro-dibenzofuran (16.8 pg/L) were detected in one of two samples collected from MW-79S in 2000. Due to the proximity of Former E Range to the Central Impact Area and to Demolition Area 1, there is some uncertainty concerning whether these constituents are actually due to Former E Range activities. One VOC (chloroform) was detected in one sample from MW-77M1 at a concentration of 1.0 µg/L in 2001. These contaminants are further considered in the Risk Screening. Groundwater analytical data for monitoring wells associated with Former E Range is presented in Appendix A.

4.7.3 Soil Investigations

Based on the lack of evidence discovered during the July 2000 field inspection, the original investigation of Former E Range was limited to sampling soil at the firing point for propellant-related residues.

Soil samples were collected in April 2001 from three depths (0 to 3 inches, 3 to 6 inches and 6 to 12 inches bgs) within 22-foot by 22-foot sampling grids at two locations at the Former E Range (SS137A and SS137B). These locations were established on the leveled area presumed to be the firing point. Five-point composite samples and a discrete sample were collected from both locations at each depth for a total of 12 soil samples. The discrete sample was collected from the center of each grid. All samples were submitted for explosives, SVOCs, and TAL metals analysis. The selection of these parameters was considered to be consistent with the types of ordnance and ammunition reasonably anticipated to be used at Former E Range, namely artillery rounds, mortar projectiles and machine gun/small arms ammunition.

The results for explosives were non-detect in all samples. Benzoic acid was reported in one sample collected from 0 to 3 inches at location SS137A. The results for SVOCs in the remaining samples were non-detect. Several TAL metals including aluminum, arsenic, barium, beryllium, boron, calcium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, magnesium, manganese, nickel, potassium, selenium, sodium, vanadium and zinc were detected in all samples at levels comparable to JBCC background. The maximum concentrations of copper (43.1 mg/Kg) and lead (19.1 mg/Kg) were detected in samples collected from 0 to 3 inches bgs at location S137A.


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-99

During the November 2001 inspection of a hillside located just north of the roadway running between the firing point and target area, various components of 3.5-inch rockets were discovered. Two 22-foot by 22-foot sampling grids were established near these items to test soil for residual propellant and explosive compounds. Soil samples were collected in April 2002 from three depths (0 to 3 inches, 3 to 6 inches and 6 to 12 inches bgs) at these two locations (SS137C and SS137D). Five-point composite samples and a discrete sample were collected from both locations at each depth for a total of 12 soil samples. The discrete sample was collected from the center of each grid. All samples were submitted for explosives, SVOCs, polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) and TAL metals analysis.

In the target area, the remnants of several shallow pits surrounded by barbed wire fencing were also discovered during the November 2001 inspection. These were interpreted to be former pyrotechnic pits based on their size and shape, and the presence of smoke plumes within the target area on a 1958 aerial photograph. Discrete soil samples were collected in April 2002 from 0 to 6 inches at the centers of two pits (SS137E and SS137F) located on the southeastern corner of the target area. The samples were submitted for explosives, SVOCs, dyes, and PCNs analysis.

The results for explosives and PCNs were non-detect in all samples. Trace levels of a few SVOCs (benzoic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, chrysene, fluoranthene, phenol and/or pyrene) were detected at the detection limit in some samples. A dye compound, 1,4-bis(p-toluidino)anthraquinone, was detected in the discrete sample collected from location SS137F (one of the presumed pyrotechnic pits located in the target area) at an estimated concentration of 210 µg/Kg. Several TAL metals including aluminum, arsenic, barium, beryllium, boron, cadmium, calcium, chromium, cobalt, iron, magnesium, manganese, nickel, potassium, selenium, silver, vanadium and zinc were detected in all samples at levels comparable to JBCC background. The maximum concentrations of copper (78.6 mg/Kg) and lead (44.6 mg/Kg) were somewhat elevated and were detected in samples collected from 0 to 3 inches bgs at location S137C.

Unexploded Ordnance Findings Summary

The JBCC database was used to identify unexploded ordnance (i.e., MEC and MC) items that were found at the Former E Range. Numerous MEC items were identified at multiple locations within the Former E Range. However, further review indicated that these MEC finds were mislabeled as being found on Former E Range and were actually found on J-1 Range where BIP and post-BIP samples were collected.

4.7.4 Response Actions

No groundwater or soil remedial response actions have been implemented as a result of investigation findings for Former E Range.


RDX was detected in MW-74M1 which is located near the E-1 Range / Former E Range. Of the 12 sampling events at MW-74M1, RDX was detected once at a concentration of 0.99 µg/L which exceeds the most stringent screening criteria (the RSL of 0.7 µg/L). RDX has not been detected at MW-74M1 in the four subsequent sampling events at this well location, nor was it detected in the other two monitored intervals at this location. As all of the detected explosives that exceeded


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-100

a screening criteria were not detected in subsequent sampling events, no explosives were selected for further screening. Although perchlorate was frequently detected, the maximum concentration was less than screening criteria.

Groundwater samples from monitoring well MW-79S (E-1 Range / Former E Range) were analyzed for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDDs and PCDFs) on two occasions. 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, heptachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (total), and octachlorodibenzofuran were detected in the first round of sampling (December 7, 2000) but were not detected in the subsequent sampling event (June 27, 2001). Octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin was detected in both sampling events, albeit at much lower concentrations in the second sampling event. Although the maximum concentration of 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin exceeded the lowest screening criteria (the HA), it was less than the calculated values based on the MCL, Tapwater RSL, and MCP GW-1 Standard for 2,3,7,8-TCDD.

Analyte Frequency

of Detection

Maximum Detected


MCL (µg/L)

Health Advisory

(µg/L)

Tapwater RSL

(µg/L) MCP GW-1

(µg/L)

RDX 1/157 0.99 MW-74M1 4/25/2002 - 2 0.7 1


HpCDD 1/2 0.0000205 J MW-79S 12/7/2000 0.003 0.00002 0.00006 0.003 Note: The Massachusetts MCL for perchlorate is 2 ug/L. A Federal MCL is currently being developed. Highlighted numbers indicate sample exceeds criteria.

Twenty seven soil samples from Former E Range were analyzed for explosives and SVOCs, 25 were analyzed for metals, 14 were analyzed for polychlorinated naphthalenes, and two were analyzed for athraquinones. No explosives or polychlorinated naphthalenes were detected.

Two sample locations (SS137C 0 to 0.25 feet bgs and SS137D 0 to 0.25 feet bgs) contained cadmium and lead results that were elevated relative to background but were less than their respective MCP S-1/GW-1 Standards. Chromium, manganese, and thallium concentrations were consistent with background.

Benzoic acid was detected in eight samples, bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate was detected in two samples, phenol was detected in two samples, chrysene was detected in one sample, fluoranthene was detected in two samples, and pyrene was detected in two samples. The maximum detected concentration of each of these analytes was below screening criteria.

One dye used for colored smoke was detected, 1,4-bis(p-toluidino)anthraquinone. There were no screening criteria for this analyte.

4.7.6 Recommendations

The perchlorate contamination detected in groundwater at this Training Area is being addressed under the Demolition Area 1 Operable Unit. As indicated in Section 4.7.3, extensive soil sampling has been conducted across Former E Range including at locations proximate to the firing point and target areas. No explosives have been detected. More detailed reconnaissance work was performed at the Former E Range in the spring of 2017. Based on observations of munitions debris and range features, further investigation is recommended to determine if explosives contamination is present in soils and if unexploded ordnance exist on the former range. .


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-101

4.8 IBC Range


The IBC (Infantry Battle Course) Range was established at its current location in the early 1980s. It is bounded on the north by Gibbs Road, on the west by Former R Range, on the south by the Impact Area and on the east by Q Range (Figure 4-38). The range is partially wooded with brush cleared areas and minimal ground scars related to recent investigational efforts. Trenches and training mounds are still evident in the topography.

Prior to the establishment of IBC Range, the site was called P Range and was used as a night defense course and a squad/platoon attack course. IBC Range was established in the early 1980s as an infantry battle course to simulate battle conditions. The course had a firing line in the northern part of the range where troop movements began. Movement was downrange, or to the south, toward an area objective. The aim of the course was to assault through the objective. Known ordnance use included 5.56mm and 7.62mm ball and tracer rounds, 40mm rifle grenades (HE, smoke and practice), pyrotechnics such as artillery and grenade simulators, smoke grenades, LAW subcaliber rounds, mortar subcaliber rounds and explosive charges such as C-4. Weapons fire was in a generally southerly direction. There are no impact berms on the IBC Range.

From February 1982 to August 1983, 40mm grenades, 81mm mortars, artillery and grenade simulators, smoke grenades and 5.56mm and 7.62mm rounds were discovered on IBC Range. In April 1992, the 102nd EOD performed a surface clearance for ordnance on the IBC Range. These ordnance discoveries are consistent with historical use of this range. The silhouette targets and hilltop objective area also consistent with the recorded use of this range.

Ordnance Discoveries

Ordnance discoveries since 1980 include numerous 40mm grenades, pyrotechnic devices, smoke grenades, 35mm LAW subcaliber rounds, 22mm SABOT rounds and numerous small arms ammunition. Discoveries made during IAGWSP field reconnaissance inspections include remnants of several 40mm rifle-fired smoke grenades, an M8 smoke grenade and several M29 slap flare components, as well as a pyrotechnic simulator pit. Additional discoveries made during a November 2002 site inspection included additional 40mm grenade remnants and a misfired yellow M18 smoke grenade. In December 2003, remnants of claymore mines were also found at the southern end of the range. Discovery of small caliber silhouette targets and the hilltop objective, where smoke pots were likely used, are also consistent with the historical use of this range. Currently, the range is vegetated predominantly with scrub oak and pitch pine.

4.8.2 Groundwater Data

There are a limited number of monitoring wells located in the immediate vicinity of the IBC Range. The locations of representative wells in this area are indicated in Figure 4-38. Groundwater flow in the vicinity of IBC Range is toward the northwest. Monitoring well MW-17 is located to the north of IBC Range, across Gibbs Road, downgradient and also slightly cross-gradient of groundwater flow. MW-52 is located to the northeast of IBC Range but is somewhat cross-gradient to groundwater flow. MW-489 is located to the east of IBC Range and upgradient of the northern portion of the range. Well MW-17 was selected as being appropriate to evaluate possible


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-102

groundwater impacts from IBC Range. Explosives, semivolatiles, volatiles, pesticides, metals and water quality parameters have been measured in one or more samples from this well.

No explosives or PCBs have been detected in any samples from MW-17. A majority of the TAL metals have been detected in one or more samples. Levels were generally comparable to JBCC background concentrations. The maximum reported calcium (5,004 µg/L) and iron (1,210 µg/L) concentrations were somewhat elevated compared to background (Table 4-2W). Copper has been detected in two samples (out of 21 samples) at a maximum concentration of 2.8 µg/L in a sample collected from MW-17M1. Lead has been detected in one sample (out of 21) at a concentration of 1.7 µg/L. Zinc has been detected in 13 (out of 21) samples at a maximum concentration of 13.2 µg/L. One semivolatile (bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate) was detected in two (out of 13) samples at a maximum concentration of 120 µg/L in a sample collected from MW-17S in 1997. One pesticide (chloramben) was detected in one sample (out of 12) at a concentration of 0.34 µg/L from well MW-17M1 in a sample collected in 1999. Two VOCs, acetone and chloroform, were also detected in four samples and 11 samples, respectively, at maximum concentrations of 3.0 µg/L and 1.0 µg/L in samples collected in 1999. Both bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and acetone are likely artifacts of the sampling/analysis procedures. These contaminants are further considered in the Risk Screening. Groundwater analytical data for monitoring wells associated with IBC Range is presented in Appendix A.

4.8.3 Source/Soil Investigations and Data

Soil samples were collected at 10 locations where ordnance items and range features were discovered during the four field reconnaissance inspections. Discrete grab samples were collected at the center of the two pyrotechnics pits found at the range (locations SS212B and SS212F) from depths of 0 to 3 inches and 3 to 6 inches bgs and were submitted for full suite analyses plus perchlorate and dyes. Five-point composite soil samples were collected from depths of 0 to 3 inches and 3 to 6 inches bgs at grids established at the remaining eight locations. One grid each was established where ordnance items were discovered at locations SS212A and SS212C. Samples collected from location SS212A were submitted for explosives, SVOCs, metals, perchlorate, and dyes analysis; samples collected from location SS212C were submitted for explosives, SVOCs, and metals analysis. Two adjoining grids were established at the silhouette targets at locations SS212D and SS212E; these samples were submitted for metals analysis. A single grid was established at the hilltop objective location SS212G; these samples were submitted for the full suite of analyses plus perchlorate and dyes. Three locations were established at the claymore mine training sites (locations SS212H, SS212I, and SS212J); these samples were submitted for explosives and SVOCs analyses.

Pyrotechnics Pits

The results for explosives, perchlorate, dyes, pesticides/PCBs, and herbicides were non-detect in the discrete samples collected from locations SS212B and SS212F. Acetone, bromomethane and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) were the only VOCs detected at trace levels. Benzoic acid and phenol were the only two SVOCs detected in a few samples. Several TAL metals, including barium, boron, calcium, chromium, cobalt, lead, magnesium, manganese, nickel, potassium, sodium, vanadium and zinc, were detected in most samples at levels comparable to JBCC background. In certain samples, a few metals including aluminum, arsenic, copper and iron were


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-103

detected at levels above background. The maximum concentration of copper (89.4 mg/Kg) was detected in a sample collected from 3 to 6 inches at location SS121F. The maximum concentration of lead (12.3 mg/Kg) was detected in a sample collected from 0 to 3 inches bgs at location SS121B.

Ordnance Discovery Areas

The results for explosives, perchlorate and dyes were non-detect in the samples collected from location SS212A. The result for perchlorate was non-detect in the samples collected from location SS212C. RDX was detected at 390 µg/Kg in a sample collected from 0 to 3 inches at location SS212C. Three SVOCs (pyrene, benzoic acid, and phenol) were detected at estimated levels in samples from both locations. Several TAL metals including aluminum, arsenic, barium, boron, calcium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, nickel, potassium, sodium, vanadium and zinc were detected in all samples at levels comparable to JBCC background. In certain samples, a few metals including manganese and lead were detected at levels above background. The maximum concentration of copper (19.7 mg/Kg) was detected in a sample collected from 0 to 3 inches at location SS121A. The maximum concentration of lead (165 mg/Kg) was detected in a sample collected from 3 to 6 inches at location SS121C.

Silhouette Targets

Four samples were collected from two depths (0 to 3 inches and 3 to 6 inches) at locations SS212D and SS212E. Several TAL metals including aluminum, arsenic, barium, beryllium, calcium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, potassium, vanadium and zinc were detected in all samples at levels comparable to JBCC background. The maximum detected concentrations of lead exceeded background. The maximum concentrations of copper and lead were detected in the samples collected from location SS212D. Copper and lead were detected at 17.9 mg/Kg and 120 mg/Kg, respectively, in the sample collected from 0 to 3 inches bgs and at 18.4 mg/Kg and 86.7 mg/Kg, respectively, in the sample collected from 3 to 6 inches bgs.

Hilltop Objective

The results for explosives, perchlorate, dyes, VOCs, herbicides and pesticides/PCB were non-detect in both samples collected from location SS212G. Phenol was the only SVOC detected at an estimated concentration. Several TAL metals including aluminum, arsenic, barium, boron, calcium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, potassium, vanadium and zinc were detected in all samples at levels comparable to JBCC background. Copper and lead were detected at low levels in the sample collected from 0 to 3 inches bgs with maximum concentrations of 4.9 mg/Kg and 7.9 mg/Kg, respectively, were detected.

Claymore Range

The results for explosives were non-detect in all samples collected from the claymore range training area (locations SS212H, SS212I and SS212J). Estimated levels of benzoic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, di-n-butyl phthalate, pyrene, fluoranthene, phenanthrene and/or phenol were detected in some samples from all three locations.


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-104

2015 Soil Investigation

Additional sampling was conducted in winter 2015 to confirm previous investigation results at IBC Range. Multiple increment samples were collected from a 100-foot by 100-foot grid established at location IBC212 where RDX was detected at 390 µg/Kg in 2004. Three 100-foot by 100-foot grids were also established at the hilltop objective area. One-hundred point multiple increment samples were collected from SS212C and the hilltop objective area and submitted for explosives, perchlorate and select metals (lead, tungsten and antimony) analyses. A 200-foot by 50-foot grid was established at the firing line. A 100-point multiple increment sample (plus replicate samples) was collected and submitted for explosives and perchlorate analyses.

Results for the 2015 soil investigation are presented in Table 4-9A. As indicated, no explosives (including RDX) were detected in sample IBC212 or the associated replicate samples. Low levels of perchlorate (<0.5 µg/Kg) were detected in each sample. Metals were also detected in each sample. Antimony and tungsten were detected at levels below 1 mg/Kg. Lead was detected at a maximum concentration of 38.8 mg/Kg.

Results from samples IBC212DEA, IBC212GA, and IBCAUTOA in the hill top objective area were also non-detect for explosives. Perchlorate was detected at levels of <0.4 µg/Kg. Antimony and tungsten were detected at concentrations of <1.0 mg/Kg. Lead was detected at a maximum concentration of 324 mg/Kg (sample IBC212DEA).

No explosives were detected in any samples from the firing line area. Perchlorate was detected at concentrations of <0.4 µg/Kg. Metals were not analyzed at this location.

2015 Munitions Survey

A 100% MEC investigation was performed at IBC Range within a meandering path zigzagging across the site and within a total of nine 100-foot x 100-foot grids. All areas were investigated to detection depth by UXO personnel using hand-held all-metals detectors.

Each of the nine grids was laid out in 5-foot-wide lanes running the length of the grid. Each lane was swept in a manner that overlapped the neighboring lane to ensure 100% coverage. The meandering path was swept working end to end. All sweeps were performed using hand-held all metals detectors.

No MEC items were recovered during the investigation. Munitions debris (MD) recovered were items typical to an Infantry Battle Course range including:

• expended small arms debris such as 5.56 and 7.62mm cartridge casings • M781 40mm practice grenade (expended) • M713 thru M716 40mm star cluster (expended) • M73 LAW sub-caliber (expended) • M744 thru M747 22mm sub-caliber (expended) • M127A1 signal illumination (expended) • M18 smoke grenade (expended)

Other MD recovered that are not believed to be associated with an IBC historic use were an empty 155mm illumination projectile body, an empty 105mm illumination projectile body, a 90mm AP


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-105

projectile, and a 37mm AP projectile. These items are believed to be associated with over shoots and ricochets from the adjacent Impact Area.

Non-munitions related debris such as barbwire, communication wire, stakes and other scrap metal were also uncovered. Additional details on this survey are presented in the Technical Memorandum entitled Training Area MEC Investigation - JBCC - IBC and KD Ranges (USACE 2016).


No groundwater or soil remedial response actions have been implemented to date as a result of investigation findings at the IBC Range.


The detected concentration of chromium (5.8 µg/L from location MW-171M1 in 1999) exceeded the Tapwater RSL for hexavalent chromium (0.035 µg/L), but was less than the RSL for trivalent chromium (22,000 µg/L), and the MCL (100 µg/L) and the MCP GW-1 Standard (100 µg/L) for total chromium. The initial concentration of manganese in MW-17S slightly exceeded the Tapwater RSL but subsequent results were below the RSL. The initial detected concentration of bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate at MW-17S exceeded all four screening criteria but subsequent results for this location were non-detect. The only other detection of bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate was at MW-17M1 (0.004 J µg/L in 1999) was below the MCL, the MCP GW-1 Standard and the Tapwater RSL. Subsequent results for this location were on-detect. Chloramben and acetone were also detected but the maximum detected concentrations were below screening criteria.

Analyte Frequency

of Detection

Maximum Detected


MCL (µg/L)

Health Advisory

(µg/L)

Tapwater RSL

(µg/L) MCP GW-1

(µg/L)

CHROMIUM, TOTAL 7/21 5.8 MW-17M1 5/18/1999 100 100 0.035 100

MANGANESE 21/21 451 MW-17S 11/10/1997 - 300 430 -

bis(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE 2/13 120 J MW-17S 11/10/1997 6 3 5.6 6

Note: Tapwater RSL for chromium VI listed. RSL for chromium III is 22,000 µg/L. Highlighted numbers indicate sample exceeds criteria.

There was only a single explosives detection of RDX (0.39 J µg/Kg) which was less than the MCP S-1/GW-1 Standard. Perchlorate was detected in nine multiple increment samples but the maximum detected concentration of perchlorate (0.00042 mg/Kg) was less than the lowest perchlorate screening criterion (the JBCC SSL of 0.0031 mg/Kg). Perchlorate was not detected in any groundwater samples from the representative wells evaluated in conjunction with this training area.

With the exception of lead and manganese soil results were consistent with background concentrations. The detected concentrations of manganese in several samples (maximum detected concentration 1,060 mg/Kg) exceeded both the JBCC SSL and the EPA Risk-Based SSL. Manganese was detected in groundwater wells associated with IBC Range at a maximum concentration greater than the HA and the Tapwater RSL. There is no MCP S-1/GW-1 Standard for manganese but the EPA Residential Soil RSL is 18,000 mg/Kg. The concentration of lead in several of the discrete and composite samples (maximum concentration 165 mg/Kg) and three of


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-106

the multiple increment samples (maximum concentration 324 mg/Kg) exceeded the JBCC background soil concentration. Only the highest detected concentration (324 mg/Kg) exceeded the MCP S-1/GW-1 Standard.

The Ordnance Discovery, Silhouette Target, Hill Top Objective, and Claymore Range samples were analyzed for SVOCs. Benzoic acid was the only analyte detected. The concentrations of benzoic acid (estimated values of 0.12 to 0.21 µg/Kg) were below screening criteria.


Based upon investigation results, it is recommended that the elevated lead concentration in the January 2015 soil sample be noted and further evaluated should the current range use change. Prior to any change in range use (such as closure), additional soil sampling should be conducted in the areas indicating elevated lead. At the present time, the IBC Range is considered an operational range (inactive). No further action is proposed as the remedy for the IBC Range. It is anticipated that the IBC Range will be used in the future for live fire training. Best Management Practices similar to those currently in use at existing active operational ranges will be developed for the IBC Range by the Massachusetts National Guard when the IBC Range becomes an active range. The lead levels detected in IBC Range soils are within acceptable limits for operational ranges at JBCC.

4.9 KD Range (West)


KD Range is an active operational range consisting of approximately 98 acres and located on Pocassett-Forestdale Road east of the K Range (Figure 4-39A). The range is located southeast of the Impact Area. It received its KD (known distance) designation in the mid-to late-1980s and was used for rifle, grenade launcher, and missile training exercises. KD Range consists of two separate parallel ranges: KD Range (East) and KD Range (West). The west side of KD Range is cleared of brush and is maintained by Range Control as an open field. The area is flat and is used for various training activities including unmanned aircraft testing.

Historically, KD Range (West) was used for a variety of types of ordnance, including Dragon and TOW missiles and 90mm recoilless rifle HEAT rounds. KD Range (West) is being evaluated under the Training Areas Operable Unit. A 600-meter known distance rifle range is situated on KD Range (East). The range consists of six mounded firing lines, each having 20 firing points, positioned at various distances from a raised target line. KD Range (East) has previously been evaluated under the Final Small Arms Ranges Investigation Report (Tetra Tech 2014a) and is not being evaluated in the current report.

Training exercises at the KD Range, which began in the late 1960s to mid-1970s, included small arms marksmanship, grenade launching, and rocket-type munitions training (USACE 1999). Currently, the range is no longer used for training exercises, and there are no on-site workers.

Historic aerial photographs suggest that the KD Range was constructed during 1966. Subsequent records indicate the range was in use by the mid-1970s. At that time, the range was referred to


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-107

as CTR-1, or the CTR-1 Aerial Gunnery Range. The “KD” designation replaced CTR-1 in the mid- to late 1980s.

The KD Range (West) includes a 25-meter rifle range with 55 firing points, two firing points for Dragon missiles, 90mm recoilless rifle training, and one firing point for TOW missiles (USACE 1999). A portion of the range has also been used for helicopter gunship, machine gun, and grenade launcher training. Information from an ASR interviewee indicates live tank gunnery was also performed in this area (Ogden 1997).

Camp Edwards Range Safety Regulations indicated that the following anti-tank munitions were authorized for use at the KD Range (Ogden 1997):

• M371 HEAT (90mm cartridge, recoilless rifle), M371E1 2/89 to 2/90 • M183 PD, 40mm practice grenade 2/89 • Dragon, M222 HEAT, M223 practice inert warhead (Anti-Tank) 2/90 to 2/94 • 90 mm recoilless rifle 2/90 • 90 mm recoilless rifle HEAT and practice recoilless rifle 9/91 to 3/94 • M3 1 FA trainer (rifle grenade) with M183 (smoke) 9/91 to 3/94 • TOW, inert warhead (Anti-Tank) 9/91 to 3/94

Rocket firing points for the KD Range were located at two 20- by 20-foot gravel pads located near the parking lot. Other former firing points located further down range are also identified. These other firing points were used for TOW missiles, the 90mm recoilless rifle, and Dragon missiles. Based on the amount of re-vegetation, these three downrange firing points have not been used over recent history.

An armored personnel carrier target was located approximately midway downrange of the KD Range cleared area. Based on damage to the target and the amount of ordnance debris in the immediate vicinity, it is presumed to be the primary range target. Visible debris from fired rockets and missiles includes portions of housings, fins, and electronic circuitry.

A second tracked vehicle target is located at the end of the range on Wheelock Road at the Impact Area boundary. The target shows less impact damage and little munitions debris. A junk forklift truck is also located on the KD Range, but does not appear to have been targeted by rocket and missile fire based on its condition and the absence of munitions debris surrounding it.

A third target is suspected to have been located at a 10- by 20-foot area on the western side of the range in a spot that currently has bare soil, ordnance fragments, and possibly vehicle debris.

4.9.2 Groundwater

There are several monitoring wells located in the vicinity of the KD Range (West). The locations of representative wells in this area are indicated in Figure 4-39A. Groundwater flow in the vicinity of KD Range (West) is toward the southwest. Monitoring wells MW-61 and MW-28 are located immediately upgradient of the northern end of KD Range (West). Monitoring well MW-109 is located in the southern end of KD Range. Well MW-68 is located some distance downgradient of the northcentral portions of KD Range (West). Several additional wells are also located to the immediate west of the southern end of KD Range (West) and are associated with J and K Ranges.


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-108

Representative groundwater monitoring wells included in the risk screening are identified in Table 4-1. Samples from one or more wells in the vicinity of KD Range (West) have been analyzed for explosives, semivolatiles, volatiles, pesticides, metals and water quality parameters.

No explosives have been detected in samples from wells proximate to KD Range (West) including MW-109 (Table 4-2X). A majority of the TAL metals have been detected in one or more samples. Levels were generally comparable to JBCC background concentrations. Copper has been detected in 20 samples (out of 64 samples) at a maximum concentration of 8.3 µg/L in a sample collected from MW-473S in 2011. Lead has been detected in seven samples (out of 76) at a maximum concentration of 1.5 µg/L in a sample from well MW-474S collected in 2014. Zinc has been detected in 20 samples (out of 55) at a maximum concentration of 129 µg/L in a sample collected from MW-473 in 2007.

Two semivolatiles (bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and di-n-butylphthalate) were detected. Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate was detected in six (out of 45) samples at a maximum concentration of 2 µg/L in a sample collected from MW-68S in 2000. Di-n-butylphthalate was detected in one sample (out of 45) at a maximum concentration of 0.27 µg/L in a sample collected from MW-473S in 2007. Three pesticides (2,4,5-T, chloramben and MCPP) were detected. 2,4,5-T was detected in one sample (out of 20) at a maximum concentration of 0.15 µg/L from well MW-68S in a sample collected in 2000. Chloramben was detected in one sample (out of 18) at a concentration of 0.25 µg/L from well MW-109S in 2001. MCPP was detected in one sample (out of 20) at a concentration of 320 µg/L from well MW-68S in 2000. However, this result is considered to be a false positive. Two VOCs, acetone and chloroform, were also detected in four samples and 11 samples, respectively, at maximum concentrations of 3.0 µg/L and 1.0 µg/L in samples collected in 1999. Acetone and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate are likely artifacts of the sampling/analysis procedures. It should be noted that groundwater at wells MW-68S and MW-473S might also have been impacted by past activities at K Range which lies to the immediate west of KD Range (West). These contaminants are further considered in the Risk Screening.

4.9.3 Source Area Investigations

A field investigation of the KD Range began in 1999. Composite and discrete soil samples were collected at 10 firing point grid locations. Samples were collected from these locations at both the front and back of the firing points. Sample grid locations SS44B, SS44C, SS44D and SS44E were located at the two rocket-firing points (Figure 4-39B and 4-39C). Grids SS44T and SS44U, SS44H and SS44I and SS44G and SS44F were located at the former 90mm, former Dragon and former TOW missile firing points, respectively. Composite and discrete samples were also collected from 10 target grids. Sample grid locations SS44L, SS44M, SS44N and SS44O were positioned around the primary target; grids SS44P, SS44Q, SS44R and SS44S were positioned around the secondary target furthest down-range and grids SS44J and SS44K were located within a cleared area presumed to be a former TOW target. A composite sample was collected from a control grid (AA44A) located in a presumed background location approximately 300-feet southeast of the furthest up-range firing point. Investigation details are provided in the Final IAGS Technical Team Memorandum 99-01 KD and U Range Investigation (Ogden 2000e).


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-109

Both composite and discrete soil samples were collected from three depths (0 to 3 inches, 3 to 6 inches and 6 to 12 inches bgs) at 22-foot by 22-foot grids established around each location. The composite samples were submitted for a full suite of analyses, including explosives, VOCs, SVOCs, pesticides/PCBs, herbicides, TAL metals and miscellaneous parameters (ammonia, nitrate/nitrite, total phosphorous and TOC). All discrete samples were submitted for explosives analysis; the discrete samples collected from the firing points were also submitted for SVOC analysis.

Low level estimated concentrations of VOCs (acetone), SVOCs (mostly phthalate compounds) and/or herbicides (chloramben and 2,4,5-T) were reported in one or more samples. The pesticide, dieldrin, was detected in several samples at concentrations ranging from 1.4 to 1,800 µg/Kg with the highest concentrations reported in samples collected from 0 to 3 inches bgs at locations SS44I (1,200 µg/Kg) and SS44T (1,800 µg/Kg). Nitroglycerin was detected in 21 samples collected from the current rocket and former TOW firing points at levels ranging from 2,900 µg/Kg to 130,000 µg/Kg. The highest detections were in samples collected from 0 to 3 inches at location SS44E. RDX, HMX and TNT were also detected in the samples collected from the primary target area (locations SS44I and SS44N) with the highest detections in the sample collected from 0 to 3 inches at location SS44N. RDX was reported at 43,000 µg/Kg, HMX at 10,000 µg/Kg and TNT at 2,100 µg/Kg. Several TAL metals were detected in all samples. The maximum concentrations of copper and lead were in samples collected from the former suspected target area (SS44J and SS44K); copper was detected at 1,820 mg/Kg and lead at 595 mg/Kg in a sample collected from 0 to 3 inches at location SS44J.

A Rapid Response Action (RRA) was completed on KD Range in 2000 to reduce the explosives, pesticide and metals contaminant concentrations in soil. If the 1999 soil data exceeded the RRA soil cleanup standard, additional grids were established surrounding the original grid to delineate the extent of contamination. Samples were collected from various depths during, May, June, July and August 2000 and submitted for VOCs, explosives, pesticides and metals analyses. Nitroglycerin, dieldrin and lead were detected above the RRA soil cleanup in a few of the expanded locations (SS44CA, SS44CC, SS44DA, SS44EC and SS44IC) and additional grids beyond these grids were sampled. Soil grid locations with elevated concentrations of nitroglycerin, RDX, HMX, TNT, dieldrin, and/or lead were excavated in September and October 2000 from the rocket firing positions and from the two target areas. The excavations were as deep as two feet below the ground surface.


Additional sampling was conducted in winter 2015 to confirm previous investigation results at KD Range (West). A 100-point multiple increment sample and two replicates were collected from a grid established in the primary target area. The grid encompassed an area of approximately 100 feet by 100 feet. Samples were analyzed for explosives and perchlorate. In addition, a 100-point multiple increment sample and two replicates were collected from a grid established at the former target line used for small arms firing at the range. This grid was approximately 150 feet long and 60 feet wide. Samples were analyzed for selected metals (antimony, copper, lead and tungsten).


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-110

Sampling results are summarized in Table 4-9A. The only explosive detected in the samples from the primary target area was HMX which was detected at a maximum concentration of 219 µg/Kg in sample KDW44LNB. Perchlorate was detected in all three samples at concentrations of <1.0 µg/Kg. The select metals were detected at varying concentrations in all samples collected from the former small arms target line area. Antimony concentrations were <1.0 µg/Kg in all samples. The maximum reported copper concentration was 9.1 mg/Kg (sample KDWTG01C). The maximum lead concentration was 45.0 mg/Kg (sample KDWTG01B) and the maximum tungsten concentration was 5.3 mg/Kg (sample KDWTG01B).

Munitions Source Assessment

The JBCC EDMS database was reviewed to identify unexploded ordnance items that were found at KD Range. Five non-MD unexploded ordnance items were found in four locations within KD Range. One 40mm projectile of unknown filler type was found and BIP in 2000. Also in 2000, one 4.2-inch HE projectile was identified at a separate location and BIP. In 2008, one HE dragon missile rocket motor and two blank M200 5.56mm cartridges were found and destroyed in the CDC. The motor was found in a separate location from the cartridges. Representative EDMS munitions finds for KD Range are presented in Table 4-10.

2015 Munitions Survey

A 100% MEC investigation was performed within a meandering path zigzagging across the KD Range. The areas were investigated to detection depth by UXO personnel using hand-held metal detectors.

No MEC were found during the investigation. Munitions debris recovered were items expected to be found in association with this range including:

• M73 LAW sub-caliber (expended) • M781 40mm practice grenade (expended)

Other MD included two expended 155mm LITR projectiles that were found at the northern end of the range. These items are likely a result of Impact Area over shoots or ricochet.


As noted in Section 4.9.3 (above), an RRA was conducted on KD Range in 2000 to reduce the concentrations of explosives, pesticides and metals contaminants in soils. Approximately 504 cubic yards of soil with elevated concentrations of nitroglycerin, RDX, HMX, TNT, dieldrin, and/or lead were excavated in September and October 2000 from the rocket firing positions and from the two target areas. The excavations were as deep as 2 feet bgs and were completed at the following areas/grid locations:

• Rocket Firing Point: SS44B, SS44C, SS44CA, SS44CC, SS44CA, SS44D, SS44DA, SS44DAA, SS44DAB, SS44E, SS44EC (nitroglycerin)

• Former TOW Firing Point: SS44F, SS44G (nitroglycerin) • Former Dragon Firing Point: SS44I, SS44IC (dieldrin) • Former Suspected Target: SS44J, SS44K (lead) • Primary Target Area: SS44L, SS44M, SS44N (explosives)


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-111

• Former 90mm Firing Point: SS44T and SS44U nitroglycerine and dieldrin)

Only low levels of lead at locations SS44J and SS44K and/or dieldrin at locations SS44IC and SS44T remained in final deep post excavation samples. Results for explosives were non-detect in all post-excavation samples.

A 40mm cartridge MEC item was discovered during the RRA (location OG091400). One soil sample was collected on September 25, 2000 and submitted for VOC, SVOC, explosives and TAL metals analyses. The results for explosives were non-detect. Low level estimated levels of VOCs (acetone, MEK, bromomethane, benzene and styrene) and SVOCs (phenanthrene and pyrene) were detected in the sample. Several metals were detected with copper at 5.9 mg/Kg and lead at 8.0 mg/Kg.


No explosives were detected in KD Range groundwater monitoring wells. Perchlorate was detected, but the maximum detected concentration was less than screening criteria. Chromium was detected but the maximum concentration (2.5 µg/L from locations MW-474S and MW-60S in 2007 and 2000, respectively) exceeded the Tapwater RSL for hexavalent chromium (0.035 µg/L), but was less than the RSL for trivalent chromium (22,000 µg/L), and the MCL (100 µg/L) and the MCP GW-1 Standard (100 µg/L) for total chromium. MCPP was detected but MCPP detections have been associated with false positives obtained using an older analytical method (AMEC 2002a). Two pesticides (2,4,5-T and chloramben) and two phthalates (bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate and di-n-butylphthalate) were detected but the concentrations were below screening criteria.

Analyte Frequency

of Detection

Maximum Detected


MCL (µg/L)

Health Advisory

(µg/L)

Tapwater RSL

(µg/L) MCP GW-1

(µg/L)

PERCHLORATE 9/23 0.97 MW-68S 4/6/2012 2 15 14 2

CHROMIUM, TOTAL 9/53 2.5 J MW-474S / MW-60S

3/29/2007 / 4/14/2000 100 100 0.035 100

MCPP 1/20 320 NJ MW-68S 2/8/2000 - 30 16 - Note: The Massachusetts MCL for perchlorate is 2 ug/L. A Federal MCL is currently being developed. Highlighted numbers indicate sample exceeds criteria.

Ninety four samples from KD Range (West) were analyzed for explosives, but only HMX was detected in three samples with a maximum concentration of 0.219 mg/Kg in sample SSKDW01 (0 to 0.25 feet bgs), which is below screening criteria. HMX has not been detected in groundwater monitoring wells associated with KD Range (West). Five multiple increment samples were analyzed for perchlorate but maximum detected concentration (0.00085 mg/Kg) was less than lowest perchlorate screening criterion (the JBCC SSL of 0.0031 mg/Kg). Perchlorate has not been detected.

Twenty six soil samples were analyzed for metals. A few soils samples were somewhat greater than background for cadmium (maximum concentration 3.6 mg/Kg), chromium (maximum concentration 57.4 mg/Kg), lead (maximum 78.6 mg/Kg), manganese (maximum 146 mg/Kg), and thallium (maximum 1.3 J mg/Kg) but all were less than their respective MCP S-1/GW-1 Standards.


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-112

Dieldrin was detected in 14 of the 20 samples collected from KD Range (West). All of the exceedances of the MCP S-1/GW-1 Standard for dieldrin were observed at KD Range (West). Dieldrin was detected in JBCC background samples at a concentration of 0.03 mg/Kg. Dieldrin was not detected in groundwater. 2,4,5-T, chloramben and endrin ketone were each detected once and the concentrations detected were below screening criteria.

Acetone, benzene, bromomethane, 2-butanone, hexanal, styrene, toluene, and trichlorofluoromethane were detected in at least one (of 15) samples. The maximum detected concentrations of acetone, benzene, bromomethane, 2-butanone, styrene, and toluene were below MCP S-1/GW-1 Standards. There was no MCP S-1/GW-1 Standard for trichlorofluoromethane, but the concentration detected was below other screening criteria. There were no screening criteria for 2-hexanal. Fourteen soil samples were analyzed for SVOCs. Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, di-n-butyl phthalate, 2-nitrodiphenylamine, phenanthrene and pyrene were detected. The detected concentrations were below screening criteria. There are no screening criteria for 2-nitrophenylamine.


The IAGWSP will remove the munitions debris and targets from the KD Range and collect a confirmatory soil sample from the primary target APC. No additional action is recommended for KD Range. Based upon investigation results, residual dieldrin concentrations in some soils are somewhat elevated. The observed concentrations of dieldrin ranged from 0.0026 to 0.18 mg/Kg with an overall average concentration of 0.048 mg/Kg, which is slightly higher than the JBCC background concentration of 0.03 mg/Kg. However, it is below the MCP S-1/GW-1 standard of 0.08mg/Kg. It is likely that these detections are the result of use of a pesticide for its intended purpose according to the manufacturer’s specifications. Therefore, no additional response action is recommended for the dieldrin detections.

4.10 U Range


The Former S Range, now referred to as the Current U Range, is located on the south side of Gibbs Road directly south of Training Area C-14 (Figure 4-40A). The Central Impact Area lies to the south and Former R Range to the east. The U Range is mostly wooded with minimal brush cleared areas pertaining to recent investigational efforts. Trenches and training mounds can be noted in the topography.

The range consists of 76 acres of land and records indicate that range went into operation in 1967, and continued operation under the “S Range” designation through the late 1980s. S Range was used for M79 grenade launcher training in 1968 and 1969, and from the mid-1970s to late 1980s for LAW (light anti-tank weapon) rocket familiarization (USACE 1999). At some point between 1986 and 1989, the S Range designation was replaced with the U Range designation. Thereafter, the range continued to be used as a LAW familiarization range.

Historic aerial photographs show obvious indications of early range use by 1977, expanding to the approximate current U Range limits by 1986. According to Camp Edwards Range Safety Regulations, the following munitions were authorized for use at this range (Ogden 1997):


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-113

• 3.5-inch rocket launcher (practice rockets) [2/67 to 2/90] • M-79 grenade launcher [2/68 to 2/69] • LAW practice (66mm Anti-Tank) [2/81 to 2/90] • M190 subcaliber launcher (with M73 practice rocket - 35mm) [9/91 to 3/94]

There is no record of high explosive (HE) munitions use at the U Range. However, during a 1993 U Range clearance, EOD personnel did discover a single 66mm LAW warhead that had undergone a low order detonation. Rounds were fired in a southerly direction at target vehicles located downrange at varying distances. There are no impact berms located on U Range.

A preliminary investigation of U Range was performed with the KD Range under Phase IIa activities in 1999. Details of the investigation are provided in the Final IAGS Technical Team Memorandum 99-01 KD/U Range Investigation (Ogden 2000e).

Eight 30-foot square firing points bordered by wooden timbers are located in a line uprange on the north side of U Range. Several armored vehicle targets are located downrange of the firing line. At the time of the 1999 field investigation, two tanks and a truck were positioned approximately 300 feet south of the firing points. An armored personnel carrier and an amphibious transport vehicle were located approximately 400 feet downrange, and a single tank was located an additional 350 feet beyond that.

4.10.2 Groundwater

There are relatively few monitoring wells located in the immediate vicinity of the U Range. The locations of representative wells in this area are indicated in Figure 4-40A. Groundwater flow in the vicinity of U Range is toward the northwest. Monitoring well MW-62 is located near the center of the U Range and is considered the most appropriate well for evaluating possible groundwater impacts from the Range. This well has been sampled for explosives, semivolatiles, volatiles, PCBs, metals and water quality parameters.

No explosives, perchlorate, semivolatiles or pesticides/PCBs have been detected in samples from MW-62 (Table 4-2Y). A number of the TAL metals have been detected in one or more samples. Levels were generally comparable to JBCC background concentrations. Copper has been detected in two samples (out of 5) at a maximum concentration of 3.8 µg/L in a sample collected from MW-62S in 2000. Lead has not been detected in any samples. Zinc was detected in three samples (out of five) at a maximum concentration of 5.7 µg/L in a sample collected in 1999. Several VOCs (including acetone, chloroethane, MEK, and chloroform were detected. Acetone was detected in seven samples (out of 13) at a maximum concentration of 3.4 µg/L in a sample collected in 1999. Chloroethane was detected in three samples (out of 14) at a maximum concentration of 0.5 µg/L. MEK was detected in 11 samples (out of 14) at a maximum concentration of 16 µg/L. Chloroform was detected in three samples (out of 14) at a maximum concentration of 2 µg/L. Acetone and MEK are likely artifacts of the sampling/analysis procedures. These contaminants are further considered in the Risk Screening.

2015/2016 Groundwater Investigation

A shallow groundwater monitoring well (MW-649S) has been installed to the north of the range firing line at a downgradient location. This well is intended to evaluate any potential groundwater


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-114

impacts from the perchlorate detected in soil samples collected from the firing line. The results of the initial groundwater sampling do not indicate the presence of perchlorate.

4.10.3 Source Area Investigations

Investigation activities began at the U Range in 1999 (Figures 4-40B and 4-40C). Firing point 7 was selected as a representative firing point for this range based on its proximity to the range targets. Composite and discrete soil samples were collected from five grids in May 1999. Two grids were located at the firing point (SS45A, SS45B); two others were located near down-range targets (SS45C and SS45D) and one control grid (SS45E) was established at a presumed background location 230 feet east of the selected firing point. Investigation details are provided in the Final IAGS Technical Team Memorandum 99-01 KD and U Range Investigation (Ogden 2000e).

Both composite and discrete soil samples were collected from three depths (0 to 3 inches, 3 to 6 inches and 6 to 12 inches bgs) at 22-foot by 22-foot grids established around each location. The composite samples were submitted for a full suite of analyses, including explosives, VOCs, SVOCs, pesticides/PCBs, herbicides, TAL metals and miscellaneous parameters (ammonia, nitrate/nitrite, total phosphorous and TOC).

The results for explosives and pesticides/PCBs were non-detect in all samples. Low level estimated concentrations of VOCs (acetone), SVOCs (phthalate compounds) and/or herbicides (chloramben) were reported in one or more samples. Several TAL metals were detected in all samples. The maximum concentration of copper (10.6 mg/Kg) was detected in a sample collected from 0 to 3 inches at location SS45E and the maximum concentration of lead (31.1 mg/Kg) was detected in a sample collected from 0 to 3 inches at location SS45C.

Soil boring samples were collected during installation of groundwater well, MW-62. A total of four samples were collected from four depth intervals (10 to 12 feet, 20 to 22 feet, 30 to 32 feet and 40 to 42 feet) and submitted for explosives analysis. The explosives results were non-detect in all soil boring samples.

Subsequent aeromagnetic survey results in the vicinity of the backstop berm area revealed significant anomalies presumably related to residual ordnance. A second reconnaissance inspection of the range was conducted in November 2001. The following sampling locations were established in the field during the inspection and samples were collected in March 2002:

• One 5-point soil grid was located at the up-range side of a tank target located on the western side of the range access road midway between the firing points and backstop berm (SS45I). Both composite and discrete samples were collected from three depth intervals: 0 to 3, 3 to 6, and 6 to 12 inches bgs and submitted for explosives, SVOCs, metals, perchlorate and PCN analyses.

• One discrete grab sample was collected from 0 to 3 inches directly beneath a cracked 3.5-inch rocket round situated on the tank deck (SS45J) and submitted for SVOCs and PCN analyses.

• One discrete grab sample was collected from 0 to 3 inches directly beneath the tank target (SS45K) and submitted for explosives, SVOCs, metals and PCN analyses.


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-115

• Two 5-point soil grids were sampled at a presumed demolition site located approximately 100 feet down range of the tank target (SS45L and SS45M). Composite and discrete samples were collected from two depths (0 to 6 inches and 18 to 24 inches bgs) and submitted for explosives, SVOCs, metals and PCN analyses.

• One discrete grab sample was collected from beneath a boulder located in the center of the backstop berm where numerous 35mm LAW subcaliber rounds were discovered (SS45N). Samples were obtained from two depths (0 to 6 inches and 18 to 24 inches bgs) and submitted for explosives, SVOCs, metals, perchlorate and PCN analyses.

• One soil grid was located in a shallow open swale located up range of the boulder (SS45O). Composite and discrete samples were collected from two depths (0 to 6 inches and 18 to 24 inches bgs) and submitted for explosives, SVOCs, metals, and PCN analyses.

• Discrete grab samples were collected from beneath a cracked 3.5-inch rocket at the base of the backstop berm west of the boulder (SS45P). Samples were collected from two depths (0 to 6 inches and 18 to 24 inches bgs) and submitted for SVOCs and PCN analyses.

• One 5-point grid was located at the base of the backstop berm where several partially buried rounds were discovered (SS45Q). Composite and discrete samples were collected from two depths (0 to 6 inches and 18 to 24 inches bgs) and submitted for explosives, SVOCs, metals and PCN analyses.

• One 5-point grid was located in a debris pile located approximately 200 feet up range of the backstop berm on the western side of the range (SS45R). The debris consisted of junk tires, scrap metal, wood, and soil. Composite and discrete samples were collected from two depths (0 to 6 inches and 18 to 24 inches bgs) and submitted for explosive, SVOCs, metals and PCN analyses.

• One 5-point grid was located uprange of a Marine Corps APC located on the eastern side of the range approximately 400 feet down range of the firing line (SS45H). The surface immediately up range of the APC was littered with expended 35mm LAW subcaliber rounds. Composite and discrete samples were collected from three depths (0 to 3 inches, 3 to 6 inches, and 6 to 12 inches bgs) and submitted for explosives, SVOCs, metals and PCN analyses.

• Two 5-point grids were located on the eastern side of the firing line approximately 25 feet behind two firing points (SS45F and SS45G). Samples were collected from three depths (0 to 3 inches, 3 to 6 inches, and 6 to 12 inches bgs) and submitted for SVOCs and perchlorate analyses.

The results for explosives and PCNs were non-detect in all samples. The results for perchlorate were non-detect in all samples with one exception. Perchlorate was detected at 3.8 µg/Kg in a sample collected from 18 to 24 inches from location SS45N. Low level estimated concentrations of VOCs (acetone) were detected in a few samples. Estimated levels of miscellaneous SVOCs (mostly phthalates and benzoic acid) were detected in some samples; PAHs were detected in samples collected from location SS45R. A few propellants, including 1,3-diethyl-1,3-diphenyl urea, n-nitrosodiphenylamine and di-n-butyl phthalate, were also detected in certain samples.


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-116

Several TAL metals were detected in all samples at levels comparable to JBCC background levels. The maximum concentration of copper (7.6 mg/Kg) was detected in a sample collected from 0 to 3 inches at location SS45K and the maximum concentration of lead (14.4 mg/Kg) was detected in a sample collected from 0 to 3 inches at location SS45R.


Additional sampling was conducted in winter 2015 to confirm previous investigation results at U Range. Two 100-point multiple increment surface soil samples (0 to 3 inches) were collected behind the firing line and two 100-point multiple increment samples were collected in front of the firing line. Each multiple increment sampling grid was approximately 10,000 square feet (approximately 200 feet by 50 feet). An original sample and two replicates were collected at one of the grids (SSURFL03). All samples were analyzed for explosives and perchlorate. In addition to the firing line, multiple incremental samples were collected at specific downrange target locations. At each of five target locations, multiple increment surface soil samples were collected from circular areas approximately 50 feet in radius. At one location (SSURTG04), an original sample and two replicate samples were collected. All samples were analyzed for explosives, perchlorate and selected metals (antimony, lead and tungsten).

Sampling results are summarized in Table 4-9A. No explosives were detected in any of the firing line samples. Perchlorate was detected at varying concentrations in all of the firing line samples. The maximum detected perchlorate concentration (819 µg/Kg) was reported in sample UR1A. At location UR2A, a perchlorate concentration of 210 µg/Kg was reported.

No explosives were detected in any of the samples analyzed from the target locations. Perchlorate was detected in all of the target area samples, but at much lower concentrations than at the firing line. The maximum target area perchlorate concentration was 2.6 µg/Kg in sample UR5A. Varying concentrations of metals were detected in all target area samples. Antimony concentrations in all samples were <0.5 mg/Kg. Lead concentrations were variable and ranged from 12.3 mg/Kg to 35.3 mg/Kg. All tungsten concentrations were <0.3 mg/Kg.

During May 2015, additional soil grids were sampled behind the firing point to evaluate the extent of perchlorate contamination identified during the January 2015 sampling. Multiple increment (100-point) surface soil samples (0 to 3 inches) were collected for perchlorate analysis from two grids (URFL05 and URFL06) directly behind the grids sampled in January of 2015. Each multiple increment sampling grid was approximately 10,000 square feet (approximately 200 feet by 50 feet). Replicates samples (three samples total) were collected at grid URFL05. Perchlorate was reported at concentrations of 342, 1090 and 567 µg/Kg in samples from grid URFL05. At grid UFRL06, a perchlorate concentration of 453 µg/Kg was reported. May 2015 sampling results are summarized in Table 4-9B.

Based on the May 2015 results, four additional grids (URFL07, URFL08, URFL09 and UFRL10) were established adjacent to the previously sampled grids in back of the firing line. The grids ranged in size from approximately 7,500 to 10,000 square feet (approximately 150 feet by 50 feet and 200 feet by 50 feet). During November 2015, 100-point multiple increment surface soil samples (0 to 3 inches) were collected for perchlorate analysis from these grids. Replicate samples (three total samples) were collected from grid URFL07. Perchlorate was reported at concentrations of 3.16J, 1.37J and 95.8J µg/Kg in samples from grid URFL07. At grids UFRL08,


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-117

UFRL09 and UFRL10 perchlorate was reported at concentrations of 1.53, 0.18J and 0.61J µg/Kg, respectively. November 2015 sampling results are summarized in Table 4-9B.

Geophysics and Munitions Source Assessment

In May 1993, 12,000 pieces of OE were found during an EOD surface clearance of U Range including:

• M73 35mm LAW subcaliber rounds (over 11,000 rounds) • M29 3.5-inch practice rockets (~857 rounds) • M747 22mm sabot rounds (7 rounds)(utilized in 60 and 81mm mortars) • 66mm LAW warhead • M115A2 artillery simulator

The majority of rounds removed were 35 mm LAW sub-caliber rounds. Detailed information on the exact numbers and types of rounds removed can be found in the Ordnance and Explosives Archive Search Report Appendix E-12 – Explosive Ordnance Disposal Reports for 03 May 1993 (USACE1999). During a subsequent USACE site inspection in 1999, ordnance discoveries included more 3.5-inch practice rockets, 40mm practice grenade debris, and 35mm LAW subcaliber rounds around each of the six targets.

A geophysical survey was conducted at the U Range in 2002 under the Munitions Survey Project Phase 3 (MSP3). The objective of the investigation was to identify potential disposal sites at the U Range. The results of the investigation are presented in the Geophysical Survey and Investigation Report (MSP3 – Tetra Tech 2003).

The 2002 geophysical survey at U Range was, in part, an outgrowth of the 2001 aerial magnetometer (AIRMAG) survey at JBCC which included portions of U Range. Results of the AIRMAG survey indicated strong magnetic field responses in certain target portions of U Range. However, AIRMAG data for the target berm areas were not considered to be of the same quality as other range areas due to the need for the survey helicopter to fly at higher elevations. As a result, more detailed ground-based geophysical investigation was implemented for certain portions of U Range, particularly for grid rows H through M. The objective of this investigation was to determine whether or not disposal sites were located in subsurface soils in this area.

The ground-based geophysical survey at U Range was developed and compiled in the 2002 U Range Geophysical Investigation Work Plan. As indicated therein, the geophysical approach for U Range involved focused investigation of certain range areas based in part on the AIRMAG survey results and available site field reconnaissance information. As part of the extensive geophysical investigation, multiple subsurface anomaly investigations were conducted at U Range based upon geophysical results, field observations [including disturbed soils, topographic depressions and requests from the regulatory agencies]. Geophysical and anomaly investigations were conducted in numerous grid areas including B1, E1, E3, E4, H4, I3, I7, J7, M4, K3, K5, and K6.

During the MSP3 investigation, approximately 3,735 items were recovered including the following:

• components of 3.5 inch practice rockets (2786)


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-118

• 35mm M73 subcaliber LAW practice rounds (877) • OE scrap and metal debris (53) • 22mm M74X subcaliber mortar cartridges (13) • 40mm projectiles • 66mm LAW rockets (2) • 57mm projectile (1) • 155mm projectile (1)

Subsequent to the initial MSP3 investigation, approximately 408 items were BIP. No evidence of disposal areas was found at U Range.

Pre- and post-BIP sampling was conducted in April, September, October and December of 2002 in accordance with the BIP sampling and analysis plan (AMEC 2002). The results for these samples are discussed in the MSP3 report as well in annual BIP reports. BIP locations that exceeded action criteria were reviewed and supplemental sampling was conducted in 2006.

The JBCC database was used to further identify unexploded ordnance items that were found at the U Range. A total of 143 individual high explosive (HE) or incendiary, pyrotechnic, or smoke (IPS) items were found in six separate locations within U Range. One 155mm HE projectile was found and BIP in 2002. One 152mm IPS projectile was found in 2004 and sent to a safe holding area. In 2005, 79 35mm IPS HEAT rockets were found in one location and were destroyed in the CDC. A total of 60 M73 35mm IPS practice rockets were found at one location and BIP in 2010. The remaining 81 items were all 35mm IPS rockets. Two rockets, found in separate locations, were BIP in 2010. Representative EDMS munitions finds for U Range are presented in Table 4-10.


Several of the 2002 BIP locations sampled during the MSP3 site investigation were in close proximity to each other and were grouped together for supplemental sampling in 2006. Locations SSUR01, SSUR02, SSUR03 and SSUR04 were the inclusive locations where supplemental sampling was conducted in response to exceedances in the 2002 BIP sample results. The areas around these locations were excavated in 2006 and post-excavation samples were collected.

Location SSUR05 was a separate BIP location discovered in 2010. Supplemental sampling was conducted at this location in 2012 during follow-up actions and a 10-foot by 10-foot grid area was excavated. This excavation is discussed in the Final BIP Summary Report – 2012 Technical Memo (dated 15 November 2013).

Based on the results of the soil perchlorate sampling conducted at the Firing Line area in 2015, remedial measures involving soil excavation were implemented in 2016. Specifically, as recommended in the February 2016 Project Note (IAGWSP 2016), four soil grids (UFRL01, UFRL02, UFRL05 and UFRL06) in the Firing Line area were excavated to a depth of six inches to reduce soil perchlorate levels below the MassDEP S-1/GW-1 standard (100 µg/Kg). Post excavation sampling results indicated that residual perchlorate concentrations at three grid locations remained elevated. As a result, soil excavations involving the removal of additional six inch soil lifts were completed at each of those locations. An additional six inches of soil (2nd lift)


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-119

was excavated from the three grids with elevated residual perchlorate levels (URFL01, 05 & 06) in November 2016. Post-excavation soil samples indicated that elevated residual perchlorate levels remained at one of the three grid locations (URFL06) after the second lift, and therefore a third six inch lift of soil was excavated in February 2017. Elevated residual perchlorate levels were observed in the post-excavation samples associated with the third lift, and therefore a fourth six inch lift of soil was excavated in April 2017. Perchlorate concentration observed in the post-excavation samples associated with the fourth lift of soil at grid URFL06 were below applicable standards (S-1/GW-1 of 100 µg/Kg) and no addition excavation was required.

In addition to soil excavation, an additional groundwater monitoring well was installed downgradient of the Firing Line area at U Range. This well (MW-649S) was installed to determine whether any potential perchlorate migration could have impacted underlying groundwater quality. Initial sampling results from this well do not indicate the presence of perchlorate.


Explosives and perchlorate have not been detected in U Range groundwater monitoring wells. The initial detected concentration of manganese exceeded the HA but was less than the Tapwater RSL. Subsequent results for manganese have been below screening criteria.

Analyte Frequency

of Detection

Maximum Detected


MCL (µg/L)

Health Advisory

(µg/L)

Tapwater RSL

(µg/L) MCP GW-1

(µg/L)

MANGANESE 5/5 341 MW-62S 9/20/1999 - 300 430 - Note: Highlighted numbers indicate sample exceeds criteria.

Fifteen 100-point multiple increment soil samples and 42 discrete or composite soil samples were analyzed for perchlorate. Perchlorate was detected in all of the multiple increment samples and one of the discrete samples. The maximum detected concentration of perchlorate (0.819 mg/Kg) exceed the lowest perchlorate screening criterion (the JBCC SSL of 0.0031 mg/Kg) and the MCP S-1/GW-1 standard (0.1 mg/Kg). Perchlorate was not detected in the U Range groundwater monitoring wells. MW-62S which is the monitoring well closest to U Range.

Fifteen 100-point multiple increment soil samples and 161 discrete or composite soil samples were analyzed for explosives. No explosives were detected.

Sixty seven discrete or composite samples were analyzed for metals. Eleven 100-point multiple increment samples were analyzed for antimony, lead, and tungsten. Seven 30-point multiple composite post-BIP excavation samples were analyzed for cadmium. The maximum detected concentration of cadmium (1.7 mg/Kg) was greater than the JBCC background concentration but less than the MCP S-1/GW-1 Standard (70 mg/Kg). The maximum detected concentration of lead (31.1 mg/Kg) exceeded its JBCC background soil concentration (19 mg/Kg) but was less than the MCP S-1/GW-1 Standard (200 mg/Kg). Only the maximum detected concentration of manganese (148 mg/Kg) was slightly greater than background concentration (134 mg/Kg) and its JBCC SSL and EPA Risk-Based SSL. Chromium and thallium concentrations were consistent with their JBCC background concentrations.

Sixteen soil samples were analyzed for pesticides, herbicides, PCBs. Pentachlorophenol was detected in two of two samples by Method SW8151A and 0 of 79 samples by Method 8270 from


2018-O-JV11-0001 4-120

U Range. Both detections exceeded the JBCC SSL (0.0004 mg/Kg) and the EPA Risk-Based SSL (0.0004 mg/Kg) but were less than the MCP S-1/GW-1 Standard (3 mg/Kg). Pentachlorophenol was not detected in U Range groundwater. Chloramben was detected (0.012 NJ mg/Kg) in one of 16 samples at a concentration less than screening criteria.

Seventy nine discrete or composite samples were analyzed for SVOCs. Several PAH detections were observed in samples from U Range, All detected PAHs are below MCP S-1/GW-1 Standards and were detected at concentrations comparable to JBCC background levels. Several other SVOCs were detected including: 2-ntirodiphenylamine, benzoic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, carbazole, di-n-butylphthalate, n-n’-diethylcarbanilde, and n-nitrosodiphenylamine. The maximum detected concentrations of benzoic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, and di-n-butyl phthalate were below screening criteria. There were no screening criteria for 2-nitrodiphenylamine and n,n’-diethylcarbanilde. The single detected concentration of carbazole (0.031 mg/Kg) exceeded its only screening criterion, the JBCC SSL (0.01 mg/Kg) but carbazole was not detected in groundwater. Six of the trace level detections of n-nitrosodiphenylamine were observed in samples from U Range, although in each instance other samples from the same locations and depth intervals were non-detect for n-nitrosodiphenylamine. There is no MCP S-1/GW-1 Standard for n-nitrosodiphenylamine but the EPA Residential Soil RSL is 110 mg/Kg.

Nineteen soil samples were analyzed for VOCs. There were six reported detections of acetone (maximum concentration 0.061 J mg/Kg) and one detection of 2-butanone (0.003 J mg/Kg) all of which were less than screening criteria.


Based on the results of the investigation and the soil removal work conducted behind the firing line, no further response actions are required at U Range.


2018-O-JV11-0001 5-1

5.0 CONCEPTUAL SITE MODEL The conceptual site model is a three-dimensional representation of site conditions that characterizes contaminant distributions, release mechanisms, exposure pathways, migration routes, and potential receptors. The conceptual site model is based on existing site data compiled during previous and more recent studies of the Training Areas as discussed in Section 4.0.

The overall Conceptual Site Model for the Training Areas generally consists of three components, as follows:

• Activities at the Training Areas involving use of possible chemical contaminants • Chemical residues being deposited on surface or near surface soils • Contaminants possibly leaching to groundwater

From the conceptual model perspective, the Training Areas differ from some other Operable Units at JBCC in that the historical activities were not the same in all areas. With respect to historical activities, the Training Areas can generally be grouped into five categories regarding environmental concerns:

• Chemical warfare simulation and/or pyrotechnic use • Munitions constituents deposition including small arms or heavier ordnance • Explosives use during demolition • Sites where past activities are uncertain or unknown • Potential impacts to ponds from dumping and runoff

The contaminant source term concerns vary depending upon which category a given Training Area falls under.

5.1 Contaminant Sources As indicated in Sections 2.0 and 4.0, available JBCC historical information indicates that, over their operational lifetimes, the large majority of the Training Areas have been used for small unit bivouacs and field manoeuvers including limited small arms firing primarily with blanks. At several Training Areas chemical warfare simulation training (using tear gas) and/or the use of pyrotechnic smokes may also have occurred. In addition, at a few of the Training Areas and sites included in this report, multiple types of ordnance and/or demolition related explosives were likely used. In particular, multiple types of ordnance including both small arms ammunition and certain types of rockets and artillery were used at the IBC, KD (West) and/or U Ranges.

Sampling at JBCC has revealed that, in general, propellant-related contamination from small arms, rockets and/or larger ordnance consists, in part, of a limited suite of explosives compounds and/or SVOCs produced or released during the combustion of the ammunition/munitions propellants. These compounds are typically released to the environment and deposited as surface residues via airborne deposition. The primary small arms propellants contain nitrocellulose and nitroglycerin or 2,4-DNT. The nitrocellulose/nitroglycerin formulation has been the more predominantly used small arms propellant at JBCC. When fired the unburned portion is distributed on the ground as small nitrocellulose fibers. In addition to nitroglycerin, certain other propellant-


2018-O-JV11-0001 5-2

related compounds have also been observed at some locations, including 2,4-DNT, 2-nitrodiphenylamine, n-nitrosodiphenylamine, and n,n’-diethylcarbanilide.

Projectile-related residues consist mainly of the metallic constituents of various alloys used in the manufacturing of small caliber rounds. For small arms ammunition, these metals (including antimony, copper and lead) are deposited on or near the surface as intact or fragmented remnants of projectiles. At the large majority of the Training Areas the soil concentrations of metals possibly related to small arms projectiles (including copper and lead) are uniformly low and generally consistent with JBCC soil background levels.

Explosives that have been used at JBCC include TNT, RDX and HMX. These compounds may be deposited on the ground surface from the impact of artillery shells, mortar shells and rockets during some training exercises. However, ordnance containing high explosives was used relatively infrequently and only at certain Training Areas. Many training rounds did not contain high explosives. Explosives (primarily containing RDX) were also used at certain demolition sites wherein they could be deposited on the ground surface during training exercises.

5.2 Pathway In theory, transport of soluble contaminants through the soil column could at some time reach the underlying groundwater typically 80 to 160 feet bgs. Leachate would be subject to mixing and dispersion upon reaching the groundwater, and further subjected to these effects during transport in the groundwater. The fate and transport of potential contaminants would be largely controlled by the physical and chemical properties of the contaminants and by local soil and hydrogeological conditions.

5.3 Geochemical Overview The principal contaminants reported in surface soils at the Training Areas vary with respect to their overall environmental mobility and potential for transport through subsurface soils to groundwater.

5.3.1 Explosives and Perchlorate

Following deposition onto the soil, precipitation passing through the upper soil profile can solubilize a fraction of any explosives-related particulate material or exposed explosives present. The aqueous solubility of an explosives-related contaminant is a key environmental chemical characteristic influencing dissolution rates. Perchlorate has a higher equilibrium water solubility than TNT or RDX and is expected to migrate to and through groundwater more quickly than either explosive. Literature information indicates that TNT is more strongly adsorbed to soil (higher Koc value) than either RDX or perchlorate (AMEC 2008). Available environmental chemical data also suggests that, once in solution, TNT is susceptible to degradation. In contrast, available environmental chemical information indicates that perchlorate and RDX are not strongly adsorbed to soils and may tend to migrate to the water table.

As indicated in Section 4, there have been relatively few detections of explosives and/or perchlorate in soils at the Training Areas. This finding is consistent with the principal uses of most Training Areas as areas for small unit manoeuvers and bivouacs with limited weapons use. A few


2018-O-JV11-0001 5-3

detections of explosives (primarily RDX) have been reported in monitoring wells at a few Training Areas. However, most of these detections appear to be related to alternate sources including the Central Impact Area groundwater plume and/or certain demolition areas (including Demolition Areas 1 and 2) rather than activities related to the Training Areas themselves. Perchlorate has been detected in a few soil samples at low concentrations and also in a few groundwater samples. However, perchlorate in soil samples can be associated with past pyrotechnic use, as well as certain demolition activities. Perchlorate in groundwater at the Training Areas appears, in most cases, to be the result of migration from alternate sources such as the Central Impact Area.

5.3.2 Metals and SVOCs

As indicated in Section 4.0, most metals possibly associated with ammunition or munitions projectiles were generally detected at soil background levels at the Training Areas. In addition, the nature of the soil at JBCC serves to retard the migration of most metals detected in the surface soils. In particular, lead is relatively strongly sorbed by subsurface soils and is not anticipated to undergo rapid downward migration through range subsurface soils to groundwater. Given depths to groundwater of approximately 100 feet, models have predicted it will take in excess of 100 years to reach groundwater. A detailed summary of the environmental chemistry and mobility of lead, as well as antimony, is presented in the Final Small Arms Ranges Investigation Report (Appendix D; Tetra Tech 2014a).

SVOCs include PAHs, phthalates, herbicides and pesticides. These compounds are, in general, highly adsorbed or complexed to soil. The SVOC PAHs detected at trace levels in a few Training Area surface soils are not anticipated to migrate significantly into subsurface soils due to low water solubilities and strong adsorption to soils. The herbicide MCPP was detected in a few surface soil samples. However, these detections are likely false positive detections resulting from use of an older analytical method prone to interferences.

5.4 Receptor

No adverse impacts to groundwater have been observed as a result of use of the Training Areas.

The northern 15,000 acres of JBCC are set aside by Memorandum of Agreement and Massachusetts State Law as a location for drinking water supply wells, including three supply wells operated by the Upper Cape Regional Water Supply Cooperative and a supply well operated by the Bourne Water District. The entire northern 15,000 acres of JBCC are considered a Zone II for public drinking water wells. Contaminants associated with the Training Area have not been detected in the water supply wells, and, given the current conceptual site model, it is unlikely that the groundwater pathway from the source to the receptor will ever be complete.

5.5 Area-Specific CSM Summary This section briefly considers the CSM overview discussed in Sections 5.1 to 5.4 above in terms of individual training areas. For each training area, Table 5-1 summarizes key CSM information pertaining to past area use, potential MC chemical contaminant sources, results of soil analyses and potential contaminant fate and mobility in soil. As indicated in Table 5-1, for many of the principal Training Areas [including A-4, A-5, A-6, B-7, B-8, C-13, C-14 and C-15] the primary past uses focused on small unit maneuvers, patrolling, and bivouacs. Principal contaminant concerns


2018-O-JV11-0001 5-4

are focused on possible past chemical weapons training (CS use) and/or use of smokes. However, as discussed in Appendix E, environmental chemical degradation processes indicate that if any of these chemical compounds were deposited on surface soils, they are likely to have been degraded. Also, as indicated in Table 5-1, soil analyses indicate that explosives were not detected in those areas where soil sampling was conducted. Low levels of metals were detected in soils at several training areas. However, the reported concentrations suggest that these are largely naturally occurring.

For a number of the training areas listed in Table 5-1 soil sampling and analyses were not conducted due to the fact that no contaminants were involved in the training activities conducted at that area. In particular, no MC related contaminants are expected from activities conducted at the Stables, Bayonet Area and the Latrines.

Even those training areas where significant munitions use occurred in the past, soil analyses indicate that current soil explosives concentrations are largely non-detect. Specifically, as indicated in Table 5-1, explosives results at Former E Range, IBC Range, KD Range (West) and U Range are largely non-detect. Explosives were detected at KD Range (West) during some past soil sampling. However, soil removal actions were implemented to address this issue. Perchlorate has been detected at U Range and subsurface migration of this contaminant is possible. However, again, soil remedial actions are ongoing to address this issue.


2018-O-JV11-0001 6-1

6.0 INVESTIGATION FINDINGS A conceptual site model (CSM) was developed for the Training Areas to assess the potential impact of propellant and projectile-related surface soil contamination on groundwater. CSM results indicate that chemical warfare simulations, the use of smokes, small arms use, demolition materials and/or the use of various types of heavier ordnance could have resulted in the deposition of some chemical contaminants at certain training areas. Therefore, a detailed review of field investigation results and a risk screening evaluation were undertaken to characterize and evaluate soil, surface water, sediment and groundwater at over 36 Training Areas, associated ranges and sites at JBCC. The areas which were evaluated varied considerably in terms of their past uses and the types of training activities that were conducted. This assessment includes recent (2015) multiple increment soil samples collected at three ranges (IBC, KD [West], and U Ranges) as well as extensive previous investigations at these and other Training Areas.The overall evaluation results revealed that the principal propellant-related constituent detected at the Training Areas (2,4-DNT) is anticipated to remain relatively immobile in surface soils (Tetra Tech 2014 and USACE 2009). Metallic constituents from munitions projectiles (including antimony, copper and lead) were generally detected at only low concentrations in surface soils at the training areas. As such they are not anticipated to be a significant potential source of groundwater contamination. Similarly, explosives and perchlorate were detected relatively infrequently and at generally low concentrations in surface soils at the Training Areas although perchlorate has been detected in some soils at U Range and is under further evaluation. Investigation findings are further summarized below.

The results of the groundwater monitoring investigations at the Training Areas indicated the sporadic presence of a limited number of groundwater constituents. Explosives (primarily RDX) were reported in only a small number of samples from a few of the representative monitoring wells which were evaluated. Perchlorate was reported in a number of wells although in almost all cases, the maximum reported concentration was less than 3.0 µg/L. In a number of instances, the detections of explosives and/or perchlorate were associated with wells generally downgradient of the Central Impact Area groundwater plume. Trace levels of propellants (primarily dinitrotoluene and di-n-butylphthalate) were reported in a small number of samples from a few wells. Low levels of a number of TAL metals (including aluminum, barium, calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, sodium and zinc) were reported in many of the representative monitoring wells that were sampled. Concentrations were generally consistent with JBCC background concentrations although the maximum reported concentrations for certain metals in certain representative wells exceeded background levels. Overall, copper and lead were reported in only a small percentage of the samples that were evaluated. Tungsten was only reported in a very small number of samples from a few wells. The maximum tungsten concentration (0.38 µg/L) was reported in a sample from MW-174S. Trace levels of a few VOCs, SVOCs and pesticides were reported in some samples from certain wells.

Soil samples have been collected at many although not all of the Training Areas. Explosives were largely non-detect in most soil samples from the Training Areas. Explosives (primarily RDX) were detected in a few samples from certain areas. RDX was detected in a few samples from the Ground Scars located within the Central Impact Area and also in a few samples from the IBC and U Ranges. The TNT breakdown product 2-amino-dinitrotoluene was also detected in soil from


2018-O-JV11-0001 6-2

one Ground Scar and one Cleared Area within the Central Impact Area as well as at Demolition Area 3. However, any potential groundwater impacts of explosives in soils at the Central Impact Area are being addressed by the Central Impact Area groundwater remedy. The propellant 2,4-DNT has also been detected sporadically in a few soil samples from certain Training Areas including Training Area BA-1 and the Grenade Courts GN1/GN2. Perchlorate has been largely non-detect in soil samples from the Training Areas. Perchlorate was detected at low levels in certain soil samples at the U Range Firing Line.

SVOCs (primarily PAHs) have been detected sporadically in samples from certain Training Areas. PAHs have been detected in a few samples from areas including Areas A-4, C-15, the Inactive Demolition Areas, BA-1 and the IBC Range. A few VOCs have been detected in certain samples. However, many of these detections may be artifacts from sample collection and analysis methods. Pesticides have been sporadically detected at low levels in samples from a few areas including certain of the Cleared Areas within the Central Impact Area. Dieldrin was detected in a couple of samples at the Former ASP area. A response action was undertaken at the Former ASP in the 1970s to address pesticide concerns.

Metals have been detected in soil samples from most of the Training Areas as would be expected since these are naturally occurring constituents of soil. Metals concentrations in most samples were consistent with JBCC background concentrations. In a few samples from certain Training Areas, the reported concentrations of some metals exceeded typical background levels. Tungsten was either not detected or present at low (background) concentrations in essentially all samples from the Training Areas. Elevated levels of copper and/or lead were reported in some samples from certain areas including from Cleared Areas 4 and 7, Area BA-1, IBC Range and KD Range (West).

Soil remediation projects have been undertaken at certain Training Areas to reduce potential contaminant concentrations and limit mobility. At Training Area BA-1, soil excavations were implemented in 2001 to remove bromoform contaminated soils and again in 2009 to remove soils where propellant bags had been deposited. At KD Range (West) over 500 yards of soil were excavated in 2000 to reduce elevated concentrations of several explosives including RDX, HMX and TNT.

Field data and geochemical evaluations by CRREL concerning the potential for subsurface migration of lead at the Small Arms Ranges at JBCC were also considered in developing the CSM for the Training Areas. The CRREL evaluation concluded from multiple lines of evidence that lead had not contaminated groundwater at JBCC in any significant way. This conclusion was based upon evaluations indicating that no lead plumes had been discovered at JBCC. A high degree of lead adsorption based on site soil profile data, significant depth to groundwater, and site geochemical conditions that do not favor the dissolution of metallic lead were also cited as factors supporting the lack of lead migration to groundwater. The geochemical processes controlling potential lead migration at the Small Arms Ranges are anticipated to control lead migration at the Training Areas.


2018-O-JV11-0001 6-3

6.1 Site-Wide Risk Evaluation Overview A Human Health Risk Screening was conducted for the 36 Training Areas discussed within this Investigation Report. The objective of the risk screening was to identify any analytes that warranted further evaluation. Risk screening evaluations were based on sampling data collected for four environmental media; groundwater, soil, surface water and sediment. However, sampling data were not available for all four media for each Training Area. It should also be noted that the area-wide risk screening has only utilized validated analytical data available in EDMS.

Tables 4-4 (Training Areas-Wide Groundwater Screening) and 4-5 (Training Areas-Wide Soil Screening) present the maximum concentrations of each detected analyte in the groundwater and soil (respectively), the locations of those maximum detected concentrations, the detection frequency, the applicable risk screening criteria, and the results of the screening evaluation. Tables 4-6 (Training Areas-Wide Surface Water Screening) and 4-7 (Training Areas-Wide Sediment Screening) present the maximum concentrations of each detected analyte in surface water and sediment (respectively) for the five water bodies that have been evaluated.

The screening criteria for groundwater and surface water included federal and Massachusetts (where available) Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCL and MMCL), USEPA Drinking Water Life-Time Health Advisories (HA), EPA Regional Screening Levels (RSL) for Tapwater, and MCP Method 1 GW-1 Standards. Representative background regional water quality data was obtained from the three supply wells operated by the Upper Cape Regional Water Supply Cooperative.

The screening criteria for soil and sediment included the MCP Method 1 S-1/GW-1 Standards, the JBCC Soil Screening Levels (SSLs), and the EPA Risk-Based SSLs. MassDEP Leaching-Based Soil Concentrations and the JBCC-specific background soil concentration for each detected analyte were included in Tables 4-5 and 4-7 for comparison purposes.


Groundwater sampling data from 124 monitoring and water supply wells associated with the Training Areas were available for explosives, perchlorate, metals and inorganics, pesticides and herbicides, SVOCs, VOCs, and PCBs. Of the 234 widely reported analytes for groundwater, 16 were detected at maximum concentrations that exceeded one or more risk-based groundwater screening criteria: 2,6-DNT, RDX, perchlorate, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, manganese, molybdenum, thallium, zinc, bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, chloroform, cis-1,3-dichloropropene, MCPP, and pentachlorophenol. In addition to these typical analytes, PCDD/PCDF data was available for one well (MW-79S), radionuclide data was available for one well (MW-174S), and two water supply wells were sampled for 4,4’-dichlorobiphenyl and pentachloronitrobenzene (ASP well and Rangecon). Of these analytes,1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and pentachloronitrobenzene were detected at maximum concentrations that exceeded risk-based screening criteria. Arsenic and chloroform have been previously associated with other sources, and their presence is not indicated to be related to Training Area activities. Therefore, perchlorate,


2018-O-JV11-0001 6-4

RDX, 2,6-DNT, cadmium, chromium, lead, manganese, molybdenum, thallium, zinc, bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, cis-1,2-dichloropropene, MCPP, and pentachlorophenol were selected for further risk screening on an area-by-area basis.

With respect to 2,6-DNT, cadmium,, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, cis-1,3-dichloropropene, pentachlorophenol, and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, typically only the maximum detected concentrations of these analytes exceeded their most stringent screening criteria. More importantly, subsequent sampling results for the same monitoring wells were non-detect for these analytes. MCPP detections have been associated with false positives obtained using an older analytical method (AMEC 2002a). In addition, bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate is a common laboratory contaminant and its presence in these samples is believed to have been a laboratory artifact. RDX has been occasionally detected in three different monitoring wells, typically only once or twice. In two of these wells, the maximum detected concentration exceeded the most stringent screening criteria but subsequent results were non-detect. In the third well, RDX was only detected in the most recent sampling event, but the detected concentration was less than screening criteria. The maximum detected concentration of total chromium exceeded the EPA Tapwater RSL for hexavalent chromium and the MCP GW-1 Standard but was less than the Tapwater RSL for trivalent chromium. Thallium has only been sporadically detected in 12 different wells, typically only once or twice, and subsequent sampling results from these wells have been non-detect. Pentachloronitrobenzene is not a TAL/TCL analyte and was only reported for two water supply wells, ASP well and Rangecon. Of the 504 total reported detections of perchlorate, 46 exceeded the lowest (i.e., most stringent) of the groundwater screening criteria (the MMCL and the MCP GW-1 Standard of 2 µg/L). Other areas with perchlorate detections greater than screening criteria included areas A-5, A-6, B-7 and Opening Pond.

Soil data were available for explosives, perchlorate, PCNs, metals and inorganics, pesticides and herbicides, SVOCs, VOCs, and PCBs. PCNs were not detected Perchlorate was the most frequently detected munitions constituent identified at the Training Areas.

Of the 228 soil analytes, 10 were detected at concentrations that exceeded both soil and groundwater screening criteria: RDX, perchlorate, arsenic, cadmium, lead, manganese, molybdenum, thallium, bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, and pentachlorophenol. The maximum detected concentrations of RDX, perchlorate, chromium, lead, phenol, dieldrin and gamma-BHC exceeded their respective MCP Method 1 S-1/GW-1 Standards. The concentration of arsenic in Training Areas soil is consistent with background levels and its presence in groundwater is likely due to natural occurrence and does not warrant further evaluation. Therefore, RDX, perchlorate, cadmium, chromium, lead, manganese, thallium, bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, phenol, dieldrin, gamma-BHC, and pentachlorophenol were selected for further risk screening on an area-by-area basis.

RDX has been detected in some Training Area groundwater monitoring wells at concentrations above screening criteria, but these wells are not associated with any of the areas where RDX was detected in soil. Only the two highest detected concentration of RDX in soil exceeded the MCP S-1/GW-1 Standard. In each instance, several other samples from the same locations were non-detect for explosives. Soil samples from seven areas were analyzed for perchlorate; one or more


2018-O-JV11-0001 6-5

detections of perchlorate were found in samples from four of these areas (i.e., Area A-4, IBC Range, KD Range (West) and U Range). Of the four areas with detectable concentrations of perchlorate, only at U Range did the maximum detected concentration of perchlorate exceed the lowest perchlorate screening criterion (the JBCC SSL of 0.0031 mg/Kg) and the MCP S-1/GW-1 Standard. However, new well MW-649S, which is the monitoring well proximate to U Range, was non-detect for perchlorate during sampling in April 2016.

The maximum detected concentration of cadmium exceeded its JBCC SSL and its EPA Risk-Based SSL but was less than its MCP S-1/GW-1 Standard. The concentrations of cadmium observed in several U Range soil samples were inconsistent with background levels. Similarly, two samples from KD Range (West) and two samples from Former E Range were elevated relative to background. These cadmium exceedances warrant further evaluation. Chromium concentrations above background (19 mg/Kg) were observed at CA-1, KD Range (West), and very slightly above background at IBC Range and the Mock Village. As chromium has not been detected in groundwater associated with these areas (except at trace levels in one of seven wells associated with KD Range [West]), no further evaluation is warranted. The maximum detected concentration of lead exceeded its JBCC background soil concentration (19 mg/Kg) at Cleared Areas 1, 4, and 7, Deep Bottom Pond, Former ASP, Former E, IBC Range, KD Range (West), the Mock Village, and U Range but only the maximum detected concentration of lead (324 mg/Kg in a multiple increment sample from IBC Range) exceeded the MCP S-1/GW-1 Standard. The maximum detected concentration of manganese exceeded its JBCC background soil concentration (134 mg/Kg) at the Air-to-Air Target Darts, Cleared Area 1, Former ASP, and IBC Range, and were slightly greater than background at KD Range (West) and U Range. The manganese concentrations detected at the Air-to-Air Target Darts, Cleared Area 1, Former ASP, and IBC Range were greater than background and exceed both the JBCC SSL and the EPA Risk-Based SSL. Molybdenum was detected in soil samples collected from 14 of the 17 sampled areas at levels typically consistent with its JBCC background soil concentration. The maximum detected concentration of molybdenum (1.6 mg/Kg) was only slightly greater than background (1.2 mg/Kg).

Thallium concentrations above background were observed at only two areas, Air to Air Target Darts (at a maximum concentration of 4.2 mg/Kg) and Cleared Area 1 (at a maximum concentration of 1.8 mg/Kg). The three highest detected concentrations of thallium were in the only three samples available for the Air-to-Air Target Dart training area. The maximum detected concentration of thallium at Area Cleared Area 1 only slightly exceeded background and the other 17 sample results for thallium from this area were non-detect.

A total of 14 SVOCs exceeded at least one screening criteria, but only one was detected in groundwater, bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate. Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate was detected above the lowest screening criterion (the EPA Risk-Based SSL, 1.3 mg/Kg) but only the maximum detected concentration exceeded this value (SS144A 0.5 to 1 foot bgs from Cleared Area 7) Two other samples from this same location and depth interval were non-detect. Seven of the 14 SVOCs that exceeded a screening criterion were PAHs which were detected at concentrations comparable to background levels. Carbazole was detected in four different samples from four different Training Areas but was not detected in other samples from the same locations. All of the detections of n-nitrosodiphenylamine were observed at U Range. For the other four SVOCs (i.e.,


2018-O-JV11-0001 6-6

2-chlorobenzoic acid, 4-methylphenol, benzyl alcohol, and phenol), only the maximum detected concentration exceeded the lowest screening criteria.

Pentachlorophenol was detected in one sample from Cleared Area 4 and two samples from U Range. All three detections exceeded the JBCC SSL (0.0004 mg/Kg) and the EPA Risk-Based SSL (0.0004 mg/Kg) but were less than the MCP S-1/GW-1 Standard (3 mg/Kg). Pentachlorophenol was detected in a single groundwater sample from Area C-15. Although this groundwater sample exceeded the EPA Tapwater RSL, it was less than the MCL and the MCP GW-1 Standard. Although the maximum detected concentration of dieldrin exceeded its MCP Method 1 S-1/GW-1 Standard, the presence of this compound was likely due to the application of this pesticide in a manner consistent with its labeling. Dieldrin is no longer used for pest control, as it was banned in 1987. Almost all of the detections of dieldrin were associated with samples from the KD Range (West) and the Former ASP. Of the three detections of gamma-BHC, only the two highest detected concentrations of gamma-BHC exceeded its Method 1 S-1/GW-1 Standard. Both of these samples were collected from the Former ASP, but the other 7 samples collected from the same locations were non-detect for gamma-BHC. Gamma-BHC was not detected in groundwater.

Of the 203 surface water analytes, only total chromium, manganese, thallium, chloroform, heptachlor, and PCB-1260 exceeded at least one screening criteria. However, not all surface water and sediment samples were analyzed for perchlorate. The maximum detected concentration of chromium (2.9 µg/L from Deep Bottom Pond) exceeded the Tapwater RSL for hexavalent chromium (0.035 µg/L), but was less than the RSL for trivalent chromium (22,000 µg/L), and the MCL (100 µg/L) and the MCP GW-1 Standard (100 µg/L) for total chromium. Although the maximum detected concentration of manganese (390 µg/L) exceeded the Health Advisory (300 µg/L), it was less than the EPA Tapwater RSL (430 µg/L). Thallium was detected in two samples, one from Deep Bottom Pond (estimated concentration 10 µg/L) and one from Gibbs Pond (6.7 µg/L), both of which exceeded the EPA Tapwater RSL (0.2 µg/L), the MCL (2 µg/L) and the MCP GW-1 Standard (2 µg/L). Thallium was not detected in other surface water samples from these same locations and was not detected in sediment samples. The only detection of heptachlor in surface water (an estimated concentration of 0.0054 µg/L in a sample from Deep Bottom Pond) exceeded the EPA Tapwater RSL (0.002 µg/L) but was less than the MCL (0.4 µg/L), the HA (0.008 µg/L) and the MCP GW-1 Standard (0.4 µg/L). The two detections of chloroform exceeded its most stringent screening criterion (i.e., the EPA Tapwater RSL of 0.22 µg/L) but were less than the MCL for trihalomethanes (80 µg/L) and the MCP GW-1 Standard for chloroform (70 µg/L).

Of the 210 sediment analytes, 28 exceeded either the JBCC SSL or the EPA Risk-Based SSL or both but none exceeded the MCP Method 2 S-1 Standard: TNT, RDX, antimony, arsenic, boron, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, selenium, benzo(a)anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, carbazole, dibenz(a,h)anthracene, acetone, chloroform, methylene chloride, MCPA, alpha-chlordane, dieldrin, gamma-chlordane, and heptachlor epoxide exceeded either their respective JBCC SSL or EPA Risk-Based SSL or both. The reported detections of TNT and RDX were based on chemical screening methods that have been shown to be prone to false positive results and the results are considered unreliable for decision-making purposes. Subsequent analysis of these


2018-O-JV11-0001 6-7

same samples by Method 8330 for RDX and TNT were non-detect. With the exception of barium, copper and lead all of the metals were detected in sediment at levels consistent with JBCC background soil concentrations and/or were below screening criteria. Although the maximum detected concentrations of copper and lead were inconsistent with background soil levels, the concentrations observed in sediments were less than their respective MCP Method 2 S-1 Standards. The detected concentrations of the six PAHs were comparable to JBCC background levels for soil. The maximum detected concentrations of acetone, chloroform, and methylene chloride in sediment exceeded either their JBCC SSL or their EPA Risk-Based SSL or both, but all were less than their respective MCP Method 2 S-1 Standard. All five pesticides were less than their respective MCP Method 2 S-1 Standard except for MCPA which does not have a MCP Method 2 Standard. The MCPA detections have been associated with false positives obtained using an older analytical method (AMEC 2002).


2018-O-JV11-0001 7-1

7.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS This investigation report has focused on 36 training areas, sites or locations at which a variety of training activities were conducted. The Training Areas generally lie in a circumference to the south, west and north of the Central Impact Area. The training activities conducted at these sites include maneuvers, bivouacs, combat assault training, chemical warfare simulations, pyrotechnic use (including smokes and flares), grenade training, bayonet training, small arms and rocket training.

As discussed in the CSM, the Training Areas differ from other portions of JBCC in that different types of training activities occurred at different areas. The contaminants of environmental concern include those associated with chemical warfare simulation, pyrotechnic use, munitions constituents, demolition explosives, and dumping and/or waste related contaminants. This report has reviewed historical data for the Training Areas and evaluated groundwater and soil sample results and field reconnaissance and geophysical surveys. This section briefly summarizes overall sampling results while Section 7.1 presents recommendations regarding specific Training Areas at which some additional investigation may be warranted.

Extensive groundwater monitoring has been conducted at over 100 wells as part of the Training Areas investigation. Evaluation of representative monitoring well data indicates that groundwater beneath the training areas has not been significantly impacted by past training activities. Explosives have only been detected in a few monitoring wells associated with certain Training Areas. Perchlorate has been detected in some groundwater samples from certain areas. However, the majority of these detections are believed to be associated with the groundwater plume from the Central Impact Area. Trace levels of a few semivolatile compounds were sporadically reported in some samples from a few wells. However, most SVOC detections were below risk screening criteria and some detections may be laboratory artifacts. A few pesticides have been reported in a small number of samples from certain areas. Low levels of certain metals [including barium, chromium, copper, molybdenum and zinc] were detected in some monitoring well samples. In all but a few cases, these detections were below MCLs. The overall results of the groundwater sampling evaluations conducted to date indicate that the Training Areas are not currently a source of any significant groundwater contamination above action levels. These results likely reflect the fact that at most training areas only limited amounts of small arms ammunition was used and at some training areas no small arms ammunition was used. In addition, heavier caliber ammunition associated with guns, mortars or rockets was only used at a very small number of training areas.

Results of investigations at the Training Areas indicate that certain explosive related compounds have been detected in soils at a few areas. Explosives related detections were primarily associated with certain locations in the Central Impact Area as well as at IBC and KD ranges but were not detected in soil samples from the majority of the Training Areas. Perchlorate was also detected in only a few soil samples from certain areas including U Range. The propellant 2,4-DNT has been detected in some soil samples from Training Area BA-1. However, this area has previously been evaluated in conjunction with Former F Range and is considered in the Final Gun and Mortar Position Investigation Report (Tetra Tech 2011b). Certain metals (including copper and lead) potentially associated with past training activities (including small arms use) have been detected in a few soil samples from some training areas. In almost all cases, lead


2018-O-JV11-0001 7-2

concentrations are below the MCP S1/GW-1 standard of 200 mg/Kg. Copper concentrations in most soil samples are below 25 mg/Kg and generally comparable to background.

7.1 Recommendations Summary This section summarizes the recommendations regarding future proposed actions for individual training areas. Overall information on area specific recommendations and proposed actions has been summarized in Table 7-1. Section 7.1.1 presents an overview of those Training Areas for which no further action is recommended. Section 7.1.2 discusses those Training Areas at which certain additional actions are recommended.

7.1.1 Recommendations for No Further Action

As indicated in Table 7-1, no further RI investigations or remedial actions are recommended at the large majority of Training Areas. These No Further Action (NFA) recommendations are Training Area specific. They reflect the results of the soil, groundwater, surface water and sediment data collected and analyzed for the specific area in question and the associated risk screening evaluations. At most NFA areas, environmental analyses indicated that military training related contaminants were absent or present at low concentrations comparable to background. At certain NFA areas, risk screening results indicate that one or more contaminants may have exceeded certain screening criteria in a few samples. However, in most cases, contaminant concentrations were below MCP GW-1/S-1 standards. In those cases where one or more screening criteria may have been exceeded by a given contaminant, the risk screening evaluation further considered the available data including the magnitude of the exceedance, the frequency of detection and the specific screening criteria being exceeded. The NFA recommendations were subsequently based on an overall assessment of the available information for that Training Area.

At several Training Areas, NFA recommendations considered other investigations or remediation work (both ongoing and completed) performed in conjunction with another operable unit at JBCC. For example, elevated perchlorate levels were reported in groundwater at several Training Areas including A-5, A-6, Opening Pond and Former E Range. However, in each case, the elevated groundwater perchlorate concentrations are believed to be associated with contamination being addressed under another operable unit. In the case of Training Areas A-5 and A-6, the groundwater perchlorate contamination is believed to be associated with the Western Boundary Operable Unit and is being addressed under that operable unit. Groundwater perchlorate contamination at Opening Pond and Former E Range is being addressed under the Demoliton Area 1 Operable Unit. Similarly, at the Mock Village, the NFA recommendation reflects the fact this Training Area is being evaluated as an MMRP site.

7.1.2 Recommendations for Further Action

This section summarizes those Training Areas at which further actions are recommended.

Training Area B-7

Training Area B-7 is a 293 acre area located west of the Impact Area. Area B-7 is a heavily wooded training area and encompasses Former C and Former D Ranges as well as the current Range Control compound. The extent to which any smokes may have been used in this area is uncertain. Perchlorate has been detected in a number of monitoring wells located at Training Area


2018-O-JV11-0001 7-3

B-7. However, Area B-7 lies directly downgradient of the Central Impact Area and it is likely that these detections are associated with the Central Impact Area plume which is undergoing monitoring and is currently being remediated. Soil sampling has been conducted at Former C and Former D Ranges within Area B-7. These results are discussed in the Final Small Arms Range Investigation Report.

Based upon a review of the investigation results, perchlorate monitoring associated with the Central Impact Area plume will be continued as appropriate in one or more representative wells proximate to Area B-7 to confirm current conditions.

Training Area C-15

Training Area C-15 is a 587 acre area located to the north of the Impact Area. Area C-15 is a heavily wooded area and is hilly with numerous boulders. The principal geographic features are Raccoon Swamp and the Spruce Swamp area. This training area also encompasses production well #3 for the Cape Cod Cooperative Water Supply and the Southern Landing Zone (SLZ). With the possible exception of cleared areas possibly used for troop training adjacent to monitoring well MW-52, no specific evidence of smoke use in Area C-15 has been identified. Neither, has any evidence of chemical warfare training been found. Explosives and perchlorate have not been detected in samples from representative wells within Area C-15. Molybdenum and chromium were detected at elevated concentrations in well MW-53M1 in 1999 although subsequent sampling results were significantly lower. Limited soil samples from the SLZ area were non-detect for explosives and perchlorate.

The results of the March 2016 groundwater sampling round at wells MW-52S and MW-53S indicated that the chromium concentration in the sample from monitoring well MW-52S was elevated. However, field parameters indicated a high level of turbidity in the sample resulting in uncertainty regarding the actual chromium concentration. Therefore, groundwater in this well was resampled for chromium and analyzed for both total and filtered chromium to best characterize the chromium concentration and distribution (particulate versus dissolved). Results indicated that chromium in MW-52S dropped from 141 ug/L to 4.4 ug/L (and ND for filtered) which are now below the MCP GW-1 Standard.

There is some uncertainty regarding residual soil and groundwater contaminant levels for smokes and pyrotechnics. Limited soil and groundwater sampling is recommended to screen for the presence of a few selected pyrotechnic, smoke and obscurant components and breakdown products.

1949 Engineer Training Site

The 1949 Engineer Training Site is located in the center of Training Area C-14. During an October 2001 inspection, the remnants of a structure, that was physically consistent with that described as the ETS, was discovered north of Demolition Area 2. The structure appeared to be a mock set of bridge abutments that presumably was used for bridge building training exercises. With the exception of numerous wooden beams (in various stages of decay) and small caliber blank shell casings, little else associated with the training activities was found there. There was no evidence of use of high explosives or bulk propellants. At the request of the regulators, a metal detector


2018-O-JV11-0001 7-4

surface sweep will be conducted at the ETS to check for munitions as a confirmation of the 2001 inspection results

Former E Range/E1 Range

This original E Range was constructed in 1941, and at that time, access to the range was gained via a road extending north from Pocassett-Forestdale Road (Figure 4-37). The range was designed and used as an anti-tank training range until the late 1950s or early 1960s at which time the "E Range" designation was given to a small arms range located at Current G Range on Pocassett-Forestdale Road. Records indicate that 2.36-inch and 3.5-inch rockets, 37mm and 75mm practice artillery rounds, and .50 caliber ball ammunition were fired at the Former E Range. No information on training activities at the Former E Range after the early 1960s has been discovered.

Perchlorate contamination detected in groundwater at this Training Area is being addressed under the Demolition Area 1 Operable Unit. As indicated in Section 4.7.3, extensive soil sampling has been conducted across Former E Range including at locations proximate to the firing point and target areas. No explosives have been detected. More detailed reconnaissance work was done at the Former E Range in the spring of 2017. Based on observations of munitions debris and range features, further investigation is recommended to determine if explosives contamination is present in soils and if unexploded ordnance exist on the former range.

IBC Range

The IBC (Infantry Battle Course) Range is located to the north of the Central Impact Area adjacent to Gibbs Road. The range is partially wooded with brush cleared areas. Trenches and training mounds are still evident in the topography. IBC Range was established in the early 1980s as an infantry battle course to simulate battle conditions. The course had a firing line in the northern part of the range where troop movements began. Ordnance discoveries since 1980 include numerous 40mm grenades, pyrotechnic devices, smoke grenades, 35mm LAW sub-caliber rounds, 22mm SABOT rounds and numerous small arms ammunition. No explosives have been detected in samples from representative monitoring well MW-17M1. Lead has been detected in one sample (out of 21) at a concentration (13.2 µg/L). With one exception (RDX in 2004), explosives have been non-detect in IBC Range soil samples. Low levels of perchlorate (<0.5 µg/Kg) have been detected in a few soil samples. Lead has been detected in a few soil samples with the concentration (324 mg/Kg) in one sample collected in January 2015 exceeding the MCP S-1/GW-1 standard.

Based upon investigation results, it is recommended that the elevated lead concentration in the January 2015 soil sample be noted and further evaluated should the current range use change. At the present time, the IBC Range is considered an operational range (inactive). As such, the range can be used in the future for training with projectiles containing lead with proper permitting and best management practices in place. As was established in the Small Arms Ranges Operable Unit Investigations, the levels of lead currently found at the IBC are acceptable for an operational range.


2018-O-JV11-0001 7-5

KD Range

The KD Range is an active operational range approximately 98 acres in size located on Pocassett-Forestdale Road to the southeast of the Impact Area. The KD Range was used for rifle, grenade launcher and anti-tank missile training. An armored personnel carrier target is located approximately midway donwnrange and, based on the damage to the target and the amount of munitions debris, it is presumed to be the primary range target. Groundwater contamination has not been detected at the KD Range. Soil removal was conducted at the primary target and the firing points in 2000 and confirmatory soil sampling was conducted in 2015. No additional soil removal actions are necessary.

As part of the post Decision Document work effort, the IAGWSP will remove the munitions debris and targets, including both APCs, from the KD Range and will dispose of or recycle the material as scrap metal. Confirmatory multiple-increment soil samples will be collected from beneath the primary target APC for explosives and perchlorate analysis.


2018-O-JV11-0001 8-1

8.0 REFERENCES AMEC. 2002. Findings for the Re-Sampling and Analysis of MCPA and MCPP, 8 February 2002

Letter: AMEC Earth and Environmental, Inc. Westford, Massachusetts.

AMEC. 2002a. Final Supplemental Phase IIb Work Plan. Prepared for the National Guard Bureau, Arlington, VA and the Massachusetts Army National Guard, Camp Edwards, MA, by AMEC Earth and Environmental, Westford, MA. April.

AMEC. 2003. Draft Final Technical Team Memorandum 02-6 Phase IIB Report. Camp Edwards, Massachusetts Military Reservations, Cape Cod, Massachusetts. March 31.

AMEC. 2005. Draft Training Areas Data Summary Report, Camp Edwards, Massachusetts Military Reservation, Cape Cod, Massachusetts. February 14.

AMEC. 2005. Impact Area Groundwater Study Program, Final Technical Team Memorandum 01-17, Feasibility Study, Demolition 1 Groundwater Operable Unit, August 2005. AMEC Earth and Environmental, Inc. Westford, Massachusetts.

AMEC. 2005. Impact Area Groundwater Study Program, Final Demo 2 Soil RRA Completion of Work and Operable Unit Closure Report, Camp Edwards Massachusetts Military Reservations, Cape Cod, Massachusetts. December 29. AMEC Earth and Environmental, Inc. Westford, Massachusetts.

Cape Cod Commission. 1998. Massachusetts Military Reservation Master Plan Final Report: Prepared in conjunction with the Community Working Group by the Cape Cod Commission.

DMA. 1994. Camp Edwards Training Range and 1:25,000 Topographic Map, U.S. Army, Fort Bragg, NC.

Earth Tech. 2000. Request for Site Approval and Pumping Test Proposal at WS-3 Water Source Development and Water Supply and Distribution System Design, Massachusetts Military Reservation, Upper Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Prepared by Earth Tech and Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation. April.

Environmental Research, Inc. (ERI). 1994. Aerial Photographic Site Analysis, Massachusetts Military Reservation, Impact Area, Barnstable County, Massachusetts. ERI-02-003-94.

IAGWSP (Impact Area Groundwater Study Program). 2016. Project Note, U Range Confirmation Soil Investigation Findings and Recommended Soil Removal. February.

Jay L. Clausen, C. Scott, N. Mulherin, S. Bigl, G. Gooch, T. Douglas, I. Osgerby, B. Palm. 2009. Sorption/Desorption Measurements of Nitroglycerin and Dinitrotoluene in Camp Edwards, Massachusetts Soil. USACE Engineer Research and Development Center, July.

MAARNG (Massachusetts Army National Guard). 2001. Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan. Camp Edwards.

Malcolm Pirnie, Inc. 2003. U.S. Army Closed, Transferring and Transferred Range/Site Inventory for Camp Edwards Training Site, MA, referred to as CTT Range Inventory Report. September.


2018-O-JV11-0001 8-2

Masterson, J. P., B.D. Stone, D.A. Walter, and J. Savoie. 1997. Hydrogeologic Framework of Western Cape Cod, Massachusetts. U.S. Geological Survey. Hydrologic Investigation Atlas HA-741. Marlborough, Massachusetts.

NGB (National Guard Bureau). 1990. Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS)/Final Environmental Impact Report (FEIR), 102 Fighter Interceptor Wing, Massachusetts Air National Guard. June.

Ogden. 2000a. Final Workplan for Phase II (b) Activities for the Camp Edwards Impact Area Groundwater Quality Study. Prepared for the National Guard Bureau, Arlington VA, by Ogden Environmental and Energy Services, Westford MA. July.

Ogden. 2000b. Final Workplan Supplement for Phase II (b) Activities for the Camp Edwards Impact Area Groundwater Quality Study. Prepared for the National Guard Bureau, Arlington VA, by Ogden Environmental and Energy Services, Westford, MA. July.

Ogden. 1997. Draft Range Use History Report for the Camp Edwards Impact Area Groundwater Quality Study. Prepared for the National Guard Bureau, Arlington VA, by Ogden Environmental and Energy Services, Westford, MA. July 16.

Ogden. 1997a. Interview with Paul Zanis in Draft Range Use History Report for the Camp Edwards Impact Area Groundwater Quality Study Massachusetts Military Reservation Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Ogden Environmental and Energy Services, Inc. Westford, Massachusetts. July.

Ogden. 1997d. Interview with LTC (Ret) Cimino in Draft Range Use History Report for the Camp Edwards Impact Area Groundwater Quality Study Massachusetts Military Reservation Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Ogden Environmental and Energy Services, Inc. Westford, Massachusetts. July.

Ogden. 1998. Ogden Environmental and Energy Services (Ogden). “Draft Completion of Work Report for the Camp Edwards Impact Area Groundwater Quality Study, Massachusetts Military Reservation, Cape Cod, Massachusetts.” July 1.

Ogden. 1999a. Final Workplan for Phase II (a) Activities for the Camp Edwards Impact Area Groundwater Quality Study. Prepared for the National Guard Bureau, Arlington VA, by Ogden Environmental and Energy Services, Westford MA. July 21.

Ogden. 1999b. Draft Phase II (a) Workplan for Training Areas for the Camp Edwards Impact Area Groundwater Quality Study Massachusetts Military Reservation Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Ogden Environmental and Energy Services, Westford MA. July 23

Ogden. 2000e. Final IAGWSP Technical Team Memorandum 99-01 KD/U Range Investigation Report. Prepared for the National Guard Bureau, Arlington VA, by Ogden Environmental and Energy Services, Westford MA. July.

Shinn, J. S. Martins, P. Cederwall, and L. Gratt. 1985. Smokes and Obscurants: Health and Environmental Effects Data Base Assessment. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore California. March.


2018-O-JV11-0001 8-3

Tetra Tech. 2002. AIRMAG Technology Evaluation and Completion Investigation Report. Camp Edwards, Massachusetts. Draft. November 22.

Tetra Tech. 2002. Final Letter Report Munitions Survey Project Phase 2 BA-1 Training Area Investigation. Prepared for the National Guard Bureau, Arlington, VA and Impact Area Groundwater Study Program Office, Camp Edwards, MA, by Tetra Tech EM Inc., Reston, VA. September.

Tetra Tech. 2003. Munitions Survey Program, Phase 1 Report. Tetra Tech EM, Inc. Reston, VA. May.

Tetra Tech. 2003b. Geophysical Survey and Investigation Report – Area North of Deep Bottom Pond. Tetra Tech EM, Inc. Reston, VA. September.

Tetra Tech. 2003c. Final Munitions Survey Project Phase 3, Final U Range Geophysical Survey and Investigation Report.

Tetra Tech. 2003d. Final Geophysical Survey and Investigation Report – Nuclear/ Biological/ Chemical Warfare Training Area. Tetra Tech, Inc. Mountlake Terrace, WA. September.

Tetra Tech. 2009a. Final Northwest Corner Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study. September.

Tetra Tech. 2009b. Final Western Boundary Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study. September.

Tetra Tech. 2011a. Final Central Impact Area Feasibility Study. July.

Tetra Tech. 2011b. Final Gun and Mortar Position Investigation Report. October.

Tetra Tech. 2014a. Final Small Arms Ranges Investigation Report. January.

Tetra Tech. 2014b. Final Five-Year Review 2006-2011. March.

Tetra Tech. 2014c. Final J-3 Range Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study. September.

USACE (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers). 1999. Ordnance and Explosives Archives Search Report: Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations for the Massachusetts Military Reservation Falmouth, MA by U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Rock Island District, Rock Island, IL, March 1999 and September 1999 addendum.

USACE. 1999. Ordnance and Explosives Archives Search Report: Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations for the Massachusetts Military Reservation Falmouth, Massachusetts, March 1999. U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Rock Island District. Rock Island, IL.

USACE. 1999a. Interview with LTC Tony Manfredi (Ret) in Ordnance and Explosives Archives Search Report: Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations for the Massachusetts Military Reservation Falmouth, Massachusetts. U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Rock Island District. Rock Island, IL.

USACE. 1999b. Interview with MSGT Michael Perra in Ordnance and Explosives Archives Search Report: Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations for the Massachusetts Military Reservation Falmouth, Massachusetts. U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Rock Island District. Rock Island, IL.


2018-O-JV11-0001 8-4

USACE. 1999c. Interview with BG William Labrie in Ordnance and Explosives Archives Search Report: Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations for the Massachusetts Military Reservation Falmouth, Massachusetts. U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Rock Island District. Rock Island, IL.

USACE. 1999d. Interview with Mr. Ed Pesce in Ordnance and Explosives Archives Search Report: Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations for the Massachusetts Military Reservation Falmouth, Massachusetts. U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Rock Island District. Rock Island, IL.

USACE. 2002a. Revised Ordnance and Explosives Archives Search Report, Massachusetts Military Reservation, Barnstable County, Massachusetts, August.

USACE. 2002b. Natural and Cultural Resources Environmental Compliance Assessment. Impact Area Groundwater Study, Massachusetts Military Reservation, Cape Cod, Massachusetts. United Army Corps of Engineers, New England District, and ENSR International, Westford, MA.

USACE, 2006. Responses to EPA Comments on Information Regarding the Use of SESOIL for the IAGWSP dated June 1, 2006. Letter to Lynne Jennings EPA-New England Region 1 and Len Pinaud Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection from Lawrence Cain USACE NAE. September 19, 2006

USACE. 2009. Final Groundwater Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study. Prepared by U.S. Army Corps of Engineers for the U.S. Army Environmental Command, Impact Area Groundwater Study Program, Camp Edwards, Massachusetts, September.

USACE. 2009b. Sorption/Desorption Measurements of Nitroglycerin and Dinitrotoluene in Camp Edwards, Massachusetts Soil. Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hannover, N.H.

USACE. 2015. Final Demolition Area 1 2015 Environmental and System Performance Monitoring Report Response Action Groundwater Treatment Systems. Impact Area Groundwater Study Program, Camp Edwards, Joint Base Cape Cod, Cape Cod, Massachusetts. US Army Corps of Engineers, New England District, Concord, MA. November.

USACE. 2015b. Final Comprehensive Site Evaluation Phase III Report – Former Ammunition Supply Point – West. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District, Omaha, Nebraska. November.

USACE. 2016. Training Areas MEC Investigation, Joint Base Cape Cod IBC and KD ranges. Environmental and Munitions Design Center, Baltimore District, USACE, January.

USACE. 2016b. Draft Comprehensive Site Evaluation Phase II Work Plan for the Former Ammunition Supply Point – East. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Baltimore District, Baltimore, MD. February.

USACE/DAC (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Rock Island District and Defense Ammunition Center). 1999. “Ordnance and Explosives Archives Search Report for Massachusetts Military


2018-O-JV11-0001 8-5

Reservation, Barnstable County, Massachusetts, Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations.” March.

USAF. 1986. Assessment of CS Toxicity at Eglin AFB, Florida. USAF Occupational and Environmental Health Laboratory, Brooks AFB, Texas. August.

USEPA. 1992. Fate of Colored Smoke Dyes. US Environmental Protection Agency, & Environmental Research Laboratory, Athens, Georgia. January.

USEPA, 2015. Regional Screening Levels (RSL), (http://www.epa.gov/reg3hwmd/risk/human/rb-concentration_table/index.htm), January.

Final JBCC Training Areas Investigation Reportjbcc-iagwsp.org/comments/training_areas_ir.pdf ·...

Documents

Transcript of Final JBCC Training Areas Investigation Reportjbcc-iagwsp.org/comments/training_areas_ir.pdf ·...