Final Internship Report Airtel

7/23/2019 Final Internship Report Airtel

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/final-internship-report-airtel 1/42

AMITY INSTITUTE OF

TELECOM ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT

1



PROJECT REPORT

ON

‘GSM SYSTEM SURVEY’

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

DR. PRIYANKA AGARWAL

(Assistant Professor AITEM!

[IS SUBMITTED FOR THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE

AWARD OF DEGREE OF MBA – TELECOM MANAGEMENT AT AMITY UNIVERSITY]

SU"MITTED TO# SU"MITTED "Y#

DR. PRIYANKA AGARWAL ANURUP BASIL VARGHESE

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR A!"#$%""!

MBA TELECOM& AITEM MBA'TELECOM (OPERATIONS)

AITEMAMITY UNIVERSITY AMITY UNIVERSITY

DECLARATION

2



T*+, P-/012 R03-2 4 5GSM SYSTEM SUR$EY% *6, 7004 ,879+220: ;- 2*0 36-2+6<

;8<;+<<9042 ; 2*0 3-0-0=8+,+20 ;- 2*0 *4- ; :0>-00 ; MBA' T0<019 62 A9+2? U4+@0-,+2?. I

6;;+-9 2*62 2*+, +420-4,*+3 -03-2 611842 +, ; 9? 4 0;;-2 64: :0, 42 7-061* 64? 0:8162+46<

;;0410 6, 6-2+18<620: +4 2*0 U4+@0-,+2?’, ,02 ; <6,.

I 682*042+1620 2*62 2*+, -03-2 611842 :0, 42 *<: +4;-962+4 ; 6 3-;+267<0 - 42 2 70

9042+40: 4628-0 - 193-+,0 30-,46< +4;-962+4 +4 6::+2+4 2 2*0 40 *+1* 8<: 8,86<<?

70 +4 2*0 1+@+1 :96+4 01032 2*0 633<+167<0 30-9+,,+4, *6@0 7004 726+40:.

NAME A48-83 B6,+< V6->*0,0

DATE

PROGRAM MBA – T0<019 M646>09042

3



ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

4



S8110,, +, 2*0 03+290 ; *6-: -& ,0@0-6410& 84:020--0: 9+,,+46-?& 06<& ,206:;6,240,,&

:020-9+462+4 64: 9,2 ; 6<< 0418-6>+4> >8+:6410. S& +2* +9904,0 >-62+28:0& I 614<0:>0

6<< 2*,0 303<0 *,0 >8+:6410 64: 0418-6>09042 *6@0 *0<30: 90 +4 2*0 193<02+4 ; 2*+,

3-/012.

T*+, -03-2 >+@0, 2*0 :026+<, ; 2*0 ,+ 00, +420-4,*+3& *+1* 6, ;-9 Ma& 't) ti** +,*&

-r/& "& 84:0- 2*0 ,830-@+,+4 ; M-. R60,* G8,6+4 (MSC *06: +4 1*6->0) +4 B*6-2+ A+-20<

L+9+20:& O*<6& ;- 2*0 3-/012 2+2<0: 0GSM S&ste1 S,r2e&3.

I 8<: <+0 2 2*64 M-. R60,* G8,6+4 64: M-. A-+4:69 B*62261*6-?6 ;- 6<< 2*0+- +4: 64:

69+67<0 0;;-2, 2 960 90 - 64: <06-4 +4 2*0 :036-29042. I 69 2*64;8< 2 M-. Y8@-6/ S6+4+

64: M-. N+2+4 R62*8- ;- *0<3+4> 90 82 +2* 6<< 2*0 :872, 64: 3-@+:+4> 8, 3-612+16<

4<0:>0 ; 0@0-?2*+4> +4 6 141-:642 96440-. I 69 @0-? >-620;8< 2 M-. R6@+ P-66,* ;-

26+4> 1<6,,0, -0<62+4> 2 2*0 23+1 62 A+-20<& V+6,38-+.

I 69 6<, @0-? 2*64;8< 2 9? 1<<0>0 ;- 3-@+:+4> 90 64 33-284+2? ; 84:0->+4> ,81* 6

@6<867<0 64: +4;-962+@0 +420-4,*+3. I 69 >-620;8< 2 C<. O. P. A--6 ;- >+@+4> 90 2*0

33-284+2? 2 : 9? 3-/012 +2* 2*+, ->64+62+4. I 8<: 6<, <+0 2 2*64 9? ;618<2? 9042-&

D- P-+?646 A>6-6< ;- *0- 8404:+4> ,833-2 2*-8>*82 2*0 +420-4,*+3.

E4ECUTI$E SUMMARY

5



B*6-2+ A+-20< L2:. +, 40 ; 2*0 23 20<019 19364+0, +2* 30-62+4, +4 9-0 2*64 " 1842-+0,.

T*0 38-3,0 ; 2*+, -03-2 +, 2 03<6+4 2*0 +4;-962+4 *+1* I *6@0 >6+40: 2*-8>* 9?

+420-4,*+3 62 B*6-2+ A+-20<& O*<6 N:6< ;;+10. T*0 23+1 ‘GSM S?,209 S8-@0?’ +, 6 @0-? @6,2

6-06 ; 201*4<>?. S& 2*0 ,28:? *6, 7004 :+@+:0: +42 2*-00 36-2, 4690<?& T*0 GSM 0@<82+4&

C6<< ;< 3-10,, 64: 2*0 AE A-1*+20128-0.

T*+, -03-2 1@0-, 2*0 :026+<, 6782 2*0 *+,2-? ; GSM& 2*0 6,,1+62+4 ; A+-20< 64: E-+1,,4

64: 2*0 GSM A-1*+20128-0. D0,1-+32+4, ; 061* 1934042 +4 2*0 6-1*+20128-0 *6@0 7004 >+@04.

T*0 +93-26410 ; M7+<0 I:042+2+0, 64: L>+16< C*6440<, +4 2*0 C6<< F< 3-10,, *6, 7004

03<6+40:. T*0-0 +, 6 :026+<0: 03<6462+4 ;- 2*0 16<< ,02'83 3-10,, +4 GSM& 70 +2 2*-8>*

97+<0 - PSTN. T*+, -03-2 6<, >+@0, 64 +42-:812+4 4 2*0 AE A-1*+20128-0 4 *+1* 2*0

1934042, +4 2*0 ,+21* -9 6-0 76,0:.

D8-+4> 2*0 :8-62+4 ; 2*0 +420-4,*+3& D6+<? 761'83, 0-0 -0=8+-0: 2 70 2604 ;-9 2*0 MSC’,

*,0 3-10,, +, 6<, >+@04. A<,& ,90 30-,46< -019904:62+4, *+1* I *6@0 7,0-@0: *6@0

7004 6::0: 2 2*+, -03-2.

T*0 -0,06-1* 902*:<>? 64: 2*0 902*:, ; :626 1<<012+4 8,0: +4 2*+, 3-/012 *6@0 6<, 7004

0<67-620:.

P-/012 902*: +, 64 0;;012+@0 902*: ; <06-4+4> 64: :+4>. W*+<0 :+4> 2*0 3-/012,& 0 <06-4

2*0 ,+<<, ; 3<644+4> 64: ->64++4> 2*0 ;612, 64: 9620-+6<,. K4<0:>0 >6+40: 7? 2*+, 3-/012 +,

<4> <6,2+4> 64: I *6@0 >6+40: 981* +4;-962+4 *+<0 ,28:?+4> 4 2*+, 3-/012.

CONTENTS

6



Seria* No. PARTICULARS S5EET NO.

Co16an& Profi*e

Intro/,7tion

# Literat,re re2ie8 %

%

GSM E@<82+4 '

• GSM P*6,0,

• GSM N02- C934042,

• GSM G0>-63*+16< N02-

%

$

C6<< S02'U3 '

• GSM A::-0,,+4>

• GSM L>+16< C*6440<,

• CALLS

%

%

!

$

!AE P<62;-9 '

• AE S2-8128-0

#"

#

$ Resear7) Met)o/o*o9& #

Data Ana*&sis #$

Re7o11en/ation an/ Con7*,sion #

" Referen7es %"

LIST OF FIGURES

7



Seria* No. PARTICULARS S5EET NO.

A+-20< O;;+10& NCR

M6-02 S*6-0 ; S0-@+10 P-@+:0-, "

# E@<82+4 ; T0<019 T01*4<>?

% E-+1,,4 S264:6-:, !

GSM A-1*+20128-0

! GSM G0>-63*+16< N02- #

$ L>+16< C*6440<, !

D03<?9042 ; AE +4 CME "%" #"

V+0 ; S+21* R9 #

" V+0 ; CP #

V+0 ; APG #

DAT T630, #%

COMPANY PROFILE

8



B*6-2+ A+-20< L+9+20: +,

40 ; 2*0 <06:+4> ><76<

20<019 19364+0, +2*

30-62+4, +4 6<9,2 "

1842-+0, 61-,, A,+6

A;-+16. 5ea/:,artere/

in Ne8 De*)i& I4:+6& 2*0

19364? -64, 694>,2

2*0 23 % 97+<0 ,0-@+10

3-@+:0-, ><76<<? +4

20-9, ; ,87,1-+70-,. I4

I4:+6& 2*0 19364?,

3-:812 ;;0-+4>,

+41<8:0 G& #G 64: %G +-0<0,, ,0-@+10,& 97+<0 1990-10& ;+0: <+40 ,0-@+10,& *+>* ,300: DSL

7-6:764:& IPTV& DTH& 0420-3-+,0 ,0-@+10, +41<8:+4> 462+46< +420-462+46< <4> :+,26410

,0-@+10, 2 16--+0-,. I4 2*0 -0,2 ; 2*0 >0>-63*+0,& +2 ;;0-, G& #G +-0<0,, ,0-@+10, 64: 97+<0

1990-10.

A+-20< +, 1-0:+20: +2* 3+400-+4> 2*0 78,+40,, ,2-620>? ; 82,8-1+4> 6<< ; +2, 78,+40,,

30-62+4, 01032 96-02+4>& ,6<0, 64: ;+46410 64: 78+<:+4> 2*0 9+4820, ;612-? 9:0< ; <

1,2 64: *+>* @<890,. T*0 ,2-620>? *6, ,+410 7004 6:320: 7? ,0@0-6< 30-62-,. A+-20<, 20<019

0=8+39042 +, 3-@+:0: 64: 96+426+40: 7? E-+1,,4 64: N+6 S<82+4, 64: N02-, *0-06,

IT ,833-2 +, 3-@+:0: 7? IBM. T*0 2-64,9+,,+4 20-, 6-0 96+426+40: 7? ,87,+:+6-+0, 64: /+42

@0428-0 19364+0, ; B*6-2+ +41<8:+4> B*6-2+ I4;-620< 64: I4:8, T0-, +4 I4:+6. E-+1,,4 6>-00:;- 2*0 ;+-,2 2+90 2 70 36+: 7? 2*0 9+4820 ;- +4,26<<62+4 64: 96+42046410 ; 2*0+- 0=8+39042

-62*0- 2*64 70+4> 36+: 83 ;-42& *+1* 6<<0: A+-20< 2 3-@+:0 < 16<< -620, ; INR9+4820

(US"."9+4820).

ORGANI;ATIONAL STRUCTURE

9

Fi9 '. $ie8 of Airte* Offi7e at G,r9aon NCR



C)air1an

S,ni* ")arti

Mitta*

MD < CEO (In/ia

an/ So,t) Asia!

Go6a* $itta*

D+-012-'C4,890- B8,+40,,

S-+4+@6,64G36<64

D+-012- CEO&G<76< V+10 D626 B8,+40,,

A/6? C*+26-6

G<76< CFO D+-012-H8964

R0,8-10,B. S-+642*

D+-012-' G<76<S833<? C*6+4

M2+ G?69<64+

D+-012-& M6-02O30-62+4,A/6+ P8-+

D+-012- 'E420-3-+,0 64:G@0-49042

M64+,* P-66,*

D+-012- N02-

S0-@+10, G-83A7*6?

S6@6->646-

CFO N+<64/64 R?

D+-012- 'C8,290-

E30-+0410R6>*8462*M64:6@6

CEO' DTH

S*6,*+ A--6

D+-012-L0>6<

R0>8<62-?S6900- C*8>*

CIO

H6-9004 M0*26

A+-20< *6, 2 :+,2+412 C8,290- B8,+40,, U4+2, (CBU) +2* ;18, 4 BC (B8,+40,, 2

C8,290-) 64: BB (B8,+40,, 2 B8,+40,,) ,0>9042,. A+-20<, BC 78,+40,, 84+2 :06<, +2*

,0-@+1+4> 2*0 -026+< 14,890-,& *90, 64: ,96<< ;;+10, 3-@+:+4> 97+<0& ;+0: <+40& DTH 64:

9'1990-10 ,0-@+10, *+<0 2*0 BB 84+2 :06<, +2* <6->0 1-3-620 611842,.

10

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B2C

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business-to-business

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business-to-business

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B2C



I2, 6-06 ; 30-62+4, +41<8:0,

• T*0 I4:+64 S87142+4042

•

A+-20< A;-+16& *+1* 30-620, +4 $ A;-+164 1842-+0,

• T*0 B-+2+,* C-4 D0304:041? +,<64:, ; J0-,0? 64: G80-4,0?& 84:0- 2*0 7-64: 4690 A+-20<'

V:6;40& 2*-8>* 64 6>-009042 +2* V:6;40.

MARKET S5ARE OF SER$ICE PRO$IDERS IN INDIA

Fi9 =. Mar>et S)are of Ser2i7e Pro2i/ers

A<4> +2* +2, <6->0,2 18,290- 76,0 +4 I4:+6 694> 2*0- ,0-@+10 3-@+:0-,& ;-9 2*0 67@0

:+6>-69 0 164 ,00 2*62 A+-20< 6<, *6, 2*0 *+>*0,2 96-02 ,*6-0 1<,0<? ;<<0: 7? R0<+6410

64: V:6;40.

11

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Subcontinent

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airtel_Africa

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_Dependency

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airtel-Vodafone


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vodafone

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Subcontinent

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airtel_Africa

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_Dependency



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vodafone



T*0 96+4 B8,+40,, D+@+,+4, +4 A+-20< 6-0 >+@04 *0-0

• M7+<0 S0-@+10,

B*6-2+ A+-20< ;;0-, GSM 97+<0 ,0-@+10, +4 6<< 2*0 '20<019 1+-1<0, ; I4:+6 64: +, 2*0 <6->0,2

97+<0 ,0-@+10 3-@+:0- +4 2*0 1842-?& 76,0: 4 2*0 48970- ; 18,290-,.

• T0<090:+6 S0-@+10,

T*0 >-83 ;;0-, *+>*',300: 7-6:764: +2* 2*0 70,2 +4 1<6,, 402-. W+2* ;+0: <+40 ,0-@+10, +4

$ 1+2+0,& 0 *0<3 ?8 ,26? +4 281* +2* ?8- ;-+04:, ;69+<? 64: 003 ?8 83:620: -84: 2*0

1<1.

• A+-20< B8,+40,,

A+-20< 78,+40,, 3-@+:0, 6 7-6: 3-2;<+ ; ,0-@+10, 2 <6->0 E420-3-+,0& G@0-49042& S96<<

M0:+89 78,+40,,0, 64: 16--+0- 18,290-,. I2 +, I4:+6, <06:+4> 64: 9,2 2-8,20: 3-@+:0- ;

19984+162+4 64: ICT ,0-@+10,& ;;0-+4> ,0-@+10, 2*62 +41<8:0 @+10& :626& 402- +420>-62+4&

:626 10420- 9646>0: ,0-@+10,& 0420-3-+,0 97+<0 633<+162+4, 64: :+>+26< 90:+6.

• D+>+26< TV S0-@+10,'

F-9 DVD =86<+2? 3+128-0 64: ,84:& 2*0 70,2 64: +:0,2 @6-+02? ; 1*6440<, 64: 3->-69, 2

2*0 70,2 4':0964: 142042 4 6+-20< L+@0& ?8- TV @+0+4> 030-+0410 1*64>0 ;-0@0- +2*

:+>+26< TV ;-9 6+-20<.

INTRODUCTION

W0 *6@0 ,004 64 84030120: 79 +4 2*0 20<019984+162+4, +4:8,2-? ;-9 2*0 70>+44+4> ; 2*0

,2 10428-?& :80 2 40 +44@62+4, +4 2*0 20<019 201*4<>? 64: 6 @6-+02? ; ,0-@+10, ;-

18,290-,. T*+, *6, 96:0 2*0 <+;0 ; 2*0 18,290-, @0-? ,+93<0 64: ,2-0,,';-00.

12



S& 6, ,28:042, ; T0<019 M646>09042& 0 *6@0 2 70 61=86+420: +2* 2*0 3-0,042 64:

8319+4> 201*4<>+0, +4 2*0 20<019984+162+4, +4:8,2-?. T*+, 3-/012 6+9, 62 03<6+4+4> 2*0

201*4<>+0, 6,,1+620: +2* 6 97+<0 402- 6, >+@04 7? B*6-2+ A+-20<.

T*0 3-/012 ,28:? +, :+@+:0: 96+4<? +42 # 3-2+4,& 4690<?&

• GSM E@<82+4

• C6<< F< +4 6 N02-

• D0,1-+32+4 ; AE 6-1*+20128-0 (S+21* R9& N:6< O;;+10& O*<6)

GSM E@<82+4

T*0 +93612 ; 97+<0 201*4<>+0, *6, 7004 +9904,0. M7+<0 19984+162+4 +, 4 @+00: 6,

6 4010,,+2? 64: M7+<0 ,?,209, *6@0 0@<@0: @0- 2+90. W*04 :+,18,,+4> :+;;0-042 :0@0<39042,

0 ,306 ; ,?,209 >040-62+4,.F+-,2 >040-62+4 (G) ,?,209, 0-0 646<> +2* -06,467<? -0<+67<0 402-, 782 <+9+20: ,0-@+10

;;0-+4>, 64: :+: 42 30-9+2 -69+4> 702004 402-,. S014: >040-62+4 (G) 97+<0 ,?,209,

6-0 :+>+26< 64: 7-+4> ,+>4+;+1642 6:@6426>0, +4 20-9, ; ,0-@+10 ,3*+,2+162+4& 16361+2? 64:

=86<+2?. GSM +, 6 G 201*4<>?. T*0 +41-06,+4> :0964: ;- +-0<0,, 6110,, 2 2*0 I420-402 *6,

<0: 2 ;8-2*0- :0@0<39042, +2*+4 G ,?,209,. T*8, 0 ,306 ; .G ,?,209,. O2*0- ,264:6-:

64: 32+46< ;0628-0, ; :+>+26< 97+<0 402-, *6@0 63306-0: @0- 2+90 +41<8:+4> I420<<+>042

N02- (IN) ;0628-0,& 97+<0 3,+2+4+4> ;0628-0,& SMS (S*-2 M0,,6>0 S0-@+10) 64:

:0@0<39042, +4 ,+>46<+4> 64: 402- 9646>09042 ,;26-0.S+410 2*0-0 6-0 ,0@0-6< G ,?,209, 8,+4> +419362+7<0 -6:+ 201*4<>+0,& 4 :+;;0-042 ;-0=8041?

,3012-6& 2*0? 16442 16328-0 6 -06< -<:+:0 96,,'96-02 +4 2*0 <4>'20-9. T*0,0 ;612-, *6@0

<0: 2 2*0 141032 ; 2*+-: >040-62+4 (#G) ,?,209, *+1* +<< 6<< 19984+162+4& +4;-962+4

64: 0420-26+49042 ,0-@+10, 2 70 :0<+@0-0: @+6 +-0<0,, 20-9+46<,. T*0 ;84:62+4 ;- 2*0,0

,0-@+10, *6, 6<-06:? 7004 <6+: +4 G ,?,209,& 782 +4 -:0- 2 ,833-2 ,81* ,0-@+10, 0 400:

*+>*0- 16361+2? 4 2*0 -6:+ <+4, 6, 0<< 6, 19362+7+<+2? 702004 ,?,209, +4 -:0- 2 3-@+:0

,069<0,, 6110,, -<:+:0. A4 0693<0 ; 6 #G ,?,209 +, U4+@0-,6< M7+<0 T0<019984+162+4

S?,209, (UMTS).

C6<< F< +4 6 N02- T*0 16<< ;< 3-10,, +4 6 402- +4@<@0, 6 +:0 6-06 ; ,28:? <+0 2-6;;+1 64: 142-< 1*6440<,

+4 6 402-& <162+4 +:042+;+162+4 64: 83:620 ; 6 97+<0 ,?,209 64: >040-6< 16<< 96+4>

3-10,,0,. A<< 2*0,0 3-10,,0, *6@0 7004 03<6+40: +4 2*+, -03-2.

13



S+21* R9 64: AET*0 S+21* -9 +, 2*0 -9 +4 2*0 4:6< ;;+10 *0-0 2*0 MSC’,& GMSC’, 64: 4890-8, 2*0-

,0-@0-, *6@0 7004 3<610:. T*0 1934042, ; 2*0 ,+21* -9 30-;-9 ;8412+4, <+0 16<<,&

90,,6>+4>& :626 64: 964? 2*0- ,0-@+10, *+1* 2*0 18,290-, -0=8+-0. AE 6-1*+20128-0 ;-9,2*0 761740 ; 2*0 ,+21*+4> 1042-0.

LITERATURE RE$IEW

A <+20-628-0 -0@+0 :+,18,,0, +4;-962+4 +4 6 36-2+18<6- ,87/012 6-06 +2*+4 6 10-26+4 2+90 30-+:.

I2 164 70 /8,2 6 ,+93<0 ,8996-? ; 2*0 ,8-10,& 782 +2 8,86<<? *6, 64 ->64+62+46< 36220-4 64:

197+40, 72* ,8996-? 64: ,?42*0,+,. A ,8996-? +, 6 -0163 ; 2*0 +93-2642 +4;-962+4 ; 2*0

,8-10& 782 6 ,?42*0,+, +, 6 -0'->64+62+4& - 6 -0,*8;;<+4>& ; 2*62 +4;-962+4. I2 9+>*2 >+@0 6

40 +420-3-0262+4 ; <: 9620-+6< - 197+40 40 +2* <: +420-3-0262+4,. O- +2 9+>*2 2-610 2*0

+420<<01286< 3->-0,,+4 ; 2*0 ;+0<:& +41<8:+4> 96/- :07620,. A4: :0304:+4> 4 2*0 ,+2862+4& 2*0

<+20-628-0 -0@+0 96? 0@6<8620 2*0 ,8-10, 64: 6:@+,0 2*0 -06:0- 4 2*0 9,2 30-2+4042 -

-0<0@642.

I4 2*+, P-/012& 2*0 <+20-628-0 -0@+0 8<: 70 2*0 96+4 36-2 ; 2*0 -03-2 6, 2*0 +420-4,*+3

14,+,20: ; 6 2*0-02+16< ,28:? ; 2*0 201*4<>+0, 6,,1+620: +2* 20<019.

T*+, -0@+0 *6, 7004 :+@+:0: +42 :+;;0-042 1*6320-, ;- 2*0 ,+93<+1+2? ; 84:0-,264:+4> 2*0

-03-2.

14



) GSM E@<82+4

) C6<< F<

#) S+21* -9 D0,1-+32+4 (AE A-1*+20128-0)

GSM E$OLUTION

S+410 2*0 :0@0<39042 ; NMT %" +4 & 6<2*8>* 6 ,264:6-: 96? 70 ,8+267<0 ;- 40

1842-?& +2 96? 42 70 ,8+267<0 ;- 642*0-. T*0 96+4 ,264:6-:, 64: 2*0 96+4 96-02, +4 *+1*

2*0? 6-0 8,0: 6-0 >+@04 70< +4 2*+, 267<0

15



Fi9 . Ta?*e s)o8in9 E2o*,tion of Te*e7o1 Te7)no*o9& in t)e Wor*/

F-9 2*0 67@0 267<0 0 164 ,00 2*62 GSM 64: CDMA 6-0 2*0 ,264:6-:, *+1* 6-0 70+4> 8,0:

7? 2*0 ,0-@+10 3-@+:0-, +4 I4:+6.

Eri7sson an/ Airte*

E-+1,,4 +, 40 ; 2*0 <06:+4> 20<019984+162+4 19364+0, +4 2*0 -<: 64: ,833-2, @0- %"

402-, -<:'+:0. E-+1,,4, 0? 3-:812 +, 2*0 AE :+>+26< 01*64>0 *+1* +, +4 ,0-@+10 +4

2*0 9,2 ,3*+,2+1620: 387<+1 402-, +4 E8-30& 2*0 A90-+16,& A8,2-6<+6& A;-+16 64: A,+6.

B*6-2+ A+-20< +, 18--042<? 8,+4> 2*+, AE :+>+26< 01*64>0 +4 6<< +2, 30-62+4, +4 2*0 -<:.

16



E-+1,,4 +, 2*0 -<:, 9,2 ,8110,,;8< ,833<+0- ; 97+<0 402- +4;-6,2-8128-0 0=8+39042 64:

,833<+0, #" ; 2*0 -<:, 97+<0 20<03*4? 96-02. E-+1,,4 ,833<+0, %" ; 2*0 -<:,

GSMGPRS ,?,209, 64: %" ; #GWCDMA ,?,209, M6-02. T*0 ;<<+4> 267<0 ,8996-+0,

2*0 E-+1,,4 3-:812 ,<82+4 ;- 061* 97+<0 ,264:6-:.

Fi9 @. Ta?*e s)o8in9 t)e Eri7sson Stan/ar/s

A+-20< +, 18--042<? 8,+4> 2*0 CME'" (C0<<8<6- M7+<0 E4>+400-+4> – ") E-+1,,4 ,?,209, ;- +2,

GSM ,0-@+10,.

G*o?a* S&ste1 for Mo?i*e Co11,ni7ations (GSM!

GSM 3-@+:0, 6 1994 ,264:6-: ,81* 2*62 10<<8<6- ,87,1-+70-, 164 8,0 2*0+- 20<03*40, @0-

2*0 042+-0 GSM ,0-@+10 6-06 *+1* +41<8:0, 6<< 2*0 1842-+0, 6-84: 2*0 -<: *0-0 2*0 GSM

,?,209 +, 8,0:. I4 6::+2+4& GSM 3-@+:0, 8,0- ,0-@+10, ,81* 6, *+>*',300: :626 19984+162+4&

;61,+9+<0& 6 S*-2 M0,,6>0 S0-@+10 (SMS) 64: I420<<+>042 N02- (IN) ,0-@+10, ,81* 6, M7+<0

V+-286< P-+@620 N02-, (MVPN,). T*0 GSM 201*4+16< ,301+;+162+4, 6-0 6<, :0,+>40: 2 -

+2* 2*0- ,264:6-:, 6, ,264:6-: +420-;610, 6-0 >86-64200:. F+46<<?& 6 0? 6,3012 ; GSM +, 2*62

2*0 ,301+;+162+4, 6-0 304 04:0: 64: 164 70 78+<2 834 2 9002 ;828-0 -0=8+-09042,.

17



GSM P)ases

T*0-0 0-0 # 3*6,0, +4 2*0 0@<82+4 ; GSM& 4690<?&

P)ase '

P*6,0 1426+4, 2*0 9,2 1994 ,0-@+10, +41<8:+4>• V+10 20<03*4?

• I420-462+46< -69+4>

• B6,+1 ;6:626 ,0-@+10, (83 2 .! 7+2,,)

• C6<< ;-6-:+4>

• C6<< 76--+4>

• S*-2 M0,,6>0 S0-@+10 (SMS)

P*6,0 6<, +41-3-620: ;0628-0, ,81* 6, 1+3*0-+4> 64: S87,1-+70- I:042+2? M:8<0 (SIM)

16-:,. P*6,0 ,301+;+162+4, 0-0 2*04 1<,0: 64: 16442 70 9:+;+0:.

P)ase =

A::+2+46< ;0628-0, 0-0 +42-:810: +4 GSM 3*6,0 +41<8:+4>

• A:@+10 ; 1*6->0

• C6<<+4> <+40 +:042+;+162+4

• C6<< 6+2+4>

• C6<< *<:

• C4;0-0410 16<<+4>

• C<,0: 8,0- >-83,• A::+2+46< :626 19984+162+4, 16367+<+2+0,

P)ase =

S90 ; 2*0 04*64109042, ;;0-0: 7? P*6,0 +41<8:0

• M8<2+3<0 ,0-@+10 3-;+<0,

• P-+@620 48970-+4> 3<64,

• A110,, 2 C042-0 ,0-@+10,

• I420--+4> +2* GSM ""& GSM "" 64: 2*0 D+>+26< E4*6410: C-:<0,,

T0<019984+162+4, (DECT) ,264:6-:

P)ase =

T*+, 3*6,0 +41<8:0, ,3*+,2+1620: 04*64109042, 2 2*0 -6:+ +420-;610 +41<8:+4>

• E4*6410: D626 -620, ;- G<76< E@<82+4 (EDGE)& 6 40 9:8<62+4 902*: *+1*

+41-06,0, 16361+2? 4 2*0 6+- +420-;610.

18



• C8,29+0: A33<+162+4 ;- M7+<0 E4*6410: L>+1 (CAMEL)& 6 ,264:6-:& >@0-4+4> IN

,0-@+10 6110,, *+<0 -69+4> +420-462+46<<? 64: 6<, H+>* S300: C+-18+2 S+21*0: D626

(HSCSD)& 6 902*: ; :0<+@0-+4> *+>*0- :626 -620, 30- ,87,1-+70- 7? 6<<162+4> 64 +41-06,0:

48970- ; 2+90',<2, 30- 16<<.

GSM Net8or> Co16onents

T*0 GSM *6, 7004 ,87':+@+:0: +42 2 ,?,209,. T*0 2 ,?,209, 6-0

• S+21*+4> S?,209 ' SS

• B6,0 S262+4 S?,209 ' BSS

T*0 O30-62+4 S87',?,209 +, 42 14,+:0-0: 6, 6 ,036-620 ,?,209.

T*0 S+21*+4> S?,209 +, -0,34,+7<0 ;- 30-;-9+4> 16<< 3-10,,+4> 64: ,87,1-+70- -0<620:

;8412+4,. I2 *6, 2*0 ;<<+4> 84+2,

• M7+<0 ,0-@+10, S+21*+4> C0420- (MSC)

• H90 L162+4 R0>+,20- (HLR)

• V+,+2- L162+4 R0>+,20- (VLR)

• A82*042+162+4 C0420- (AUC)

•

E=8+39042 I:042+2? R0>+,20- (EIR)

T*0 BSS 30-;-9, 6<< 2*0 -6:+'-0<620: ;8412+4,. T*0 BSS +, 193-+,0: ; 2*0 ;<<+4>

;8412+46< 84+2,

• B6,0 S262+4 C42-<<0-

• B6,0 T-64,10+@0- S262+4

T*0 OMC 30-;-9, 6<< 2*0 30-62+4 64: 96+42046410 26,, ;- 2*0 402- ,81* 6, 94+2-+4>402- 2-6;;+1 64: 402- 6<6-9,. T*0 OMC *6, 6110,, 2 72* 2*0 SS 64: 2*0 BSS.

I4 ,90 16,0,& 2*0 MS& BTS 64: BSC 6-0 14,+:0-0: 2 70 36-2, ; 6 ,036-620 ,?,209 16<<0:

R6:+ S87'S?,209.

19



Fi9 B. GSM Ar7)ite7t,re

S8it7)in9 S&ste1 (SS! Co16onents

Mo?i*e ser2i7es S8it7)in9 Center (MSC!

T*0 MSC 30-;-9, 2*0 20<03*4? ,+21*+4> ;8412+4, ;- 2*0 97+<0 402-. I2 142-<, 16<<, 2

64: ;-9 2*0- 20<03*4? 64: :626 ,?,209,& ,81* 6, 2*0 P87<+1 S+21*0: T0<03*40 N02-&

387<+1 402-,& 3-+@620 402-, 64: 2*0- 97+<0 402-,.

Gate8a& F,n7tiona*it& (GMSC!

G6206? ;8412+46<+2? 0467<0, 64 MSC 2 +420-->620 6 402-, HLR +4 -:0- 2 -820 6 16<< 2

6 M7+<0 S262+4 (MS). S81* 64 MSC +, 16<<0: 6 G6206? MSC (GMSC). F- 0693<0& +; 6

30-,4 1440120: 2 2*0 PSTN 642, 2 960 6 16<< 2 6 GSM 97+<0 ,87,1-+70-& 2*04 2*0 PSTN

01*64>0 +<< 6110,, 2*0 GSM 402- 7? ;+-,2 144012+4> 2*0 16<< 2 6 GMSC. T*0 ,690 +, 2-80

20



; 6 16<< ;-9 64 MS 2 642*0- MS. A4? MSC +4 2*0 97+<0 402- 164 ;8412+4 6, 6 >6206?

7? +420>-62+4 ; 2*0 633-3-+620 ,;26-0.

5o1e Lo7ation Re9ister (5LR!

I2 +, 6 1042-6<+0: :62676,0 2*62 *6, 2*0 ;8412+4 ; ,2-+4> 64: 9646>+4> 6<< 2*0 ,87,1-+32+4,

70<4>+4> 2 6 ,301+;+1 30-62-. T*0 +4;-962+4 ,2-0: +41<8:0,

• S87,1-+70- +:042+2?

• S87,1-+70- ,833<090426-? ,0-@+10,

• S87,1-+70- <162+4 +4;-962+4

• S87,1-+70- 682*042+162+4 +4;-962+4

T*0 HLR 164 70 +93<090420: +4 2*0 ,690 402- 4:0 6, 2*0 MSC - 6, 6 ,264:'6<40

:62676,0. I; 2*0 16361+2? ; 2*0 HLR +, 0100:0:& 6::+2+46< HLR, 96? 70 6::0:.

$isitor Lo7ation Re9ister ($LR!

T*0 VLR :62676,0 1426+4, +4;-962+4 6782 6<< 2*0 97+<0 ,87,1-+70-, 18--042<? <1620: +4 64

MSC ,0-@+10 6-06. E61* MSC 14,+,2, ; 6 VLR. T*0 VLR 2093-6-+<? ,2-0, ,87,1-+32+4

+4;-962+4 , 2*62 2*0 MSC 164 ,0-@+10 6<< 2*0 ,87,1-+70-, 18--042<? @+,+2+4> 2*62 MSC ,0-@+10

6-06. W*04 6 ,87,1-+70- +, -69+4> +42 6 40 MSC ,0-@+10 6-06& 2*0 VLR 1440120: 2 2*62

MSC -0=80,2, +4;-962+4 6782 2*0 ,87,1-+70- ;-9 2*0 ,87,1-+70-, HLR. T*0 HLR +<< ,04: 6

13? ; 2*0 :626 2 2*0 VLR 64: +<< 83:620 +2, 4 <162+4 +4;-962+4. W*04 2*0 ,87,1-+70-

960, 6 16<<& 2*0 VLR +<< 6<-06:? *6@0 2*0 +4;-962+4 -0=8+-0: ;- 16<< ,02'83.

A,t)enti7ation Center (AUC!

T*0 96+4 ;8412+4 ; 2*0 AUC +, 2 682*042+1620 2*0 ,87,1-+70-, 6220932+4> 2 8,0 6 402-. I4

2*+, 6?& +2 +, 8,0: 2 3-2012 402- 30-62-, 6>6+4,2 ;-68:. T*0 AUC +, 6 :62676,0 1440120:2 2*0 HLR *+1* 3-@+:0, +2 +2* 2*0 682*042+162+4 36-69020-, 64: 1+3*0-+4> 0?, 8,0: 2

04,8-0 402- ,018-+2?.

E:,i61ent I/entit& Re9ister

21



I2 +, 6 :62676,0 1426+4+4> 97+<0 0=8+39042 +:042+2? +4;-962+4 *+1* *0<3, 2 7<1 16<<, ;-9

,2<04& 84682*-+0:& - :0;012+@0 MS’,. I2 ,*8<: 70 420: 2*62 :80 2 ,87,1-+70-'0=8+39042

,036-62+4 +4 GSM& 2*0 76--+4> ; MS 0=8+39042 :0, 42 -0,8<2 +4 682962+1 76--+4> ; 6

,87,1-+70-.

"ase Station S&ste1 ("SS! Co16onents

"ase Station Contro**er

T*0 142-<<0- 9646>0, 6<< 2*0 -6:+'-0<620: ;8412+4, ; 6 GSM 402-. I2 3-@+:0, ;8412+4,

,81* 6, M7+<0 S262+4 *64:@0-& -6:+ 1*6440< 6,,+>49042 64: 2*0 1<<012+4 ; 10<<

14;+>8-62+4 :626.

"ase Trans7ei2er Station

T*0 BTS 142-<, 2*0 -6:+ +420-;610 2 2*0 MS. T*0 BTS 14,+,2, ; -6:+ 0=8+39042, ,81* 6,

2-64,10+@0-, 64: 6420446, *+1* 6-0 400:0: +4 061* 10<< +4 2*0 402-.

Net8or> Monitorin9 Centers

O6eration an/ Maintenan7e Center

I2 +, 6 193820-+0: 94+2-+4> 10420- *+1* +, 1440120: 2 2*0- 402- 1934042, ,81* 6,

MSC, 64: BSC, @+6 . :626 402- <+4,. I4 2*0 OMC& 2*0 ,26;; 6-0 3-0,0420: +2*

+4;-962+4 6782 2*0 ,2628, ; 2*0 402- 64: 164 94+2- 64: 142-< 6 @6-+02? ; ,?,209

36-69020-,. T*0-0 96? 70 40 - ,0@0-6< OMC, +2*+4 6 402- :0304:+4> 4 2*0 402- ,+0.

Net8or> Mana9e1ent Center (NMC!

C042-6<+0: 142-< ; 6 402- +, :40 62 6 N02- M646>09042 C0420- (NMC). O4<? 40

NMC +, -0=8+-0: ;- 6 402- 64: 2*+, 142-<, 2*0 ,87-:+4620 OMC,. T*0 6:@6426>0 ; 2*+,

*+0-6-1*+16< 633-61* +, 2*62 ,26;; 62 2*0 NMC 164 141042-620 4 <4> 20-9 ,?,209'+:0 +,,80,&

*0-06, <16< 30-,440< 62 061* OMC 164 141042-620 4 ,*-2 20-9& -0>+46< +,,80,. OMC 64:

22



NMC ;8412+46<+2? 164 70 197+40: +4 2*0 ,690 3*?,+16< 402- 4:0 - +93<090420: 62

:+;;0-042 <162+4,.

Mo?i*e Station (MS!

A4 MS +, 8,0: 7? 6 97+<0 ,87,1-+70- 2 19984+1620 +2* 2*0 97+<0 402-. S0@0-6< 2?30, ;

MS, 0+,2& 061* 6<<+4> 2*0 ,87,1-+70- 2 960 64: -010+@0 16<<,. M648;6128-0-, ; MS, ;;0- 6

@6-+02? ; :0,+>4, 64: ;0628-0, 2 9002 2*0 400:, ; :+;;0-042 96-02,.

T*0 -64>0 - 1@0-6>0 6-06 ; 64 MS :0304:, 4 2*0 82382 30- ; 2*0 MS. D+;;0-042 2?30, ;

MS, *6@0 :+;;0-042 82382 30- 16367+<+2+0, 64: 14,0=8042<? :+;;0-042 -64>0,. F- 0693<0&

*64:'*0<: MS, *6@0 6 <0- 82382 30- 64: ,*-20- -64>0 2*64 16-'+4,26<<0: MS, +2* 6 -;

98420: 6420446.

GSM Geo9ra6)i7a* Net8or> Str,7t,re

E@0-? 20<03*40 402- 400:, 6 ,301+;+1 ,2-8128-0 2 -820 +419+4> 16<<, 2 2*0 1--012

01*64>0 64: 2*04 4 2 2*0 ,87,1-+70-. I4 6 97+<0 402-& 2*+, ,2-8128-0 +, @0-? +93-2642

70168,0 2*0 ,87,1-+70-, 6-0 97+<0. A, ,87,1-+70-, 9@0 2*-8>* 2*0 402-& 2*0,0 ,2-8128-0,

6-0 8,0: 2 94+2- 2*0+- <162+4.

Ce**

A 10<< +, 2*0 76,+1 84+2 ; 6 10<<8<6- ,?,209. E61* 10<< +, 6,,+>40: 6 84+=80 48970- 16<<0: C0<<

G<76< I:042+2? (CGI). I4 6 193<020 402- 1@0-+4> 64 042+-0 1842-?& 2*0 48970- ; 10<<, 164

70 =8+20 *+>*.

Lo7ation Area (LA!

A L162+4 A-06 (LA) +, :0;+40: 6, 6 1<<012+4 ; @6-+8, 10<<,. T*0 +:042+2? ; 2*0 18--042 LA +,

,2-0: +4 2*0 VLR. W*04 64 MS 1-,,0, 2*0 784:6-? 702004 2 10<<, 70<4>+4> 2 :+;;0-042

LA’,& +2 98,2 70 -03-2+4> +2, 40 L162+4 A-06 2 2*0 GSM 402-.

MSC Ser2i7e Area

23



T*+, ,0-@+10 6-06 +, 96:0 83 ; 6 48970- ; LA, 64: -03-0,042, 2*0 3-2+4 ; 2*0 402-

142-<<0: 7? 40 MSC. F- -82+4> 6 16<< 2 64 MS& 2*0 ,87,1-+70-, MSC ,0-@+10 6-06 +, 6<,

-01-:0: 64: 94+2-0:. T*0 ,87,1-+70-, MSC ,0-@+10 6-06 +, ,2-0: +4 2*0 HLR.

PLMN Ser2i7e Area

A PLMN ,0-@+10 6-06 +, 2*0 042+-0 ,02 ; 10<<, ,0-@0: 7? 40 402- 30-62- 64: +, :0;+40: 6,

2*0 6-06 +4 *+1* 64 30-62- ;;0-, -6:+ 1@0-6>0 64: 6110,, 2 +2, 402-. I4 64? 40 1842-?

2*0-0 96? 70 ,0@0-6< PLMN ,0-@+10 6-06,& 40 ;- 061* 97+<0 30-62-, 402-.

GSM Ser2i7e Area

T*0 GSM ,0-@+10 6-06 +, 2*0 042+-0 >0>-63*+16< 6-06 +4 *+1* 6 ,87,1-+70- 164 >6+4 6110,, 2 6

GSM 402-.

Fi9 . GSM Geo9ra6)i7a* Net8or>

24



CALL SET UP

T*0 16<< ,02 83 3-10:8-0 +, 40 ; 2*0 96+4 612+@+2+0, +4 6 GSM 402-. B0;-0 >+4> 4 2 2*0

3-10,,& 6 :0,1-+32+4 4 GSM +:042+2+0, 64: 1*6440<, *6@0 7004 >+@04.

GSM A//ressin9

T*0 6::-0,,0, 64: +:042+;+0-, 6-0 3-0,0420: 70<

'! Internationa* Mo?i*e Station E:,i61ent I/entit& (IMEI!

T*0 +420-462+46< 97+<0 ,262+4 0=8+39042 +:042+2? +, 6 +4: ; ,0-+6< 48970-. T*0 IMEI +,

6<<1620: 7? 2*0 0=8+39042 3-:810- 64: +, -0>+,20-0: 7? 2*0 30-62- * ,2-0, +2 +4 2*0 EIR.

B? 9064, ; IMEI 40 -01>4+0, 7,<020& ,2<04 - 44;8412+46< 0=8+39042.

T*0,0 6-0 2*0 ;<<+4> 36-2, ; 64 IMEI

• T?30 A33-@6< C:0.

• F+46< A,,097<? C:0

• S0-+6< N8970-

• S36-0 (SP)

=! Internationa* Mo?i*e S,?s7ri?er I/entit& (IMSI!

I2 +, ,2-0: +4 2*0 ,87,1-+70- +:042+2? 9:8<0 (SIM). A 97+<0 ,262+4 164 4<? 70 30-620: +; 6

SIM +2* 6 @6<+: IMSI +, +4,0-20: +42 0=8+39042 +2* 6 @6<+: IMEI.

T*0,0 6-0 2*0 ;<<+4> 36-2, ; 64 IMSI

. M7+<0 C842-? C:0

. M7+<0 N02- C:0

#. M7+<0 S87,1-+70- I:042+;+162+4 N8970-

25



! Mo?i*e S,?s7ri?er ISDN N,1?er

T*0 MSISDN 14,+,2, ; 2*0 ;<<+4>

. C842-? C:0

. N62+46< D0,2+462+4 C:0

#. S87,1-+70- N8970-

@! Mo?i*e Station Roa1in9 N,1?er

T*0 MSRN *6, ,690 ,2-8128-0 6, 2*0 MSISDN.

. C842-? C:0

. N62+46< D0,2+462+4 C:0

#. S87,1-+70- N8970- (SN)

B! Lo7ation Area I/entit&

E61* LA *6, +2, 4 +:042+;+0-. T*0 L162+4 A-06 I:042+;+0- (LAI) +, 6<, ,2-8128-0: 6, ;<<,

. C842-? C:0

. M7+<0 N02- C:0

#. L162+4 A-06 C:0

! Te16orar& Mo?i*e S,?s7ri?er I/entit&

26



T*0 VLR& *+1* +, -0,34,+7<0 ;- 2*0 18--042 <162+4 ; 6 ,87,1-+70-& 164 6,,+>4 6

2093-6-? 97+<0 ,87,1-+70- +:042+2? (TMSI). I2 +, ,2-0: 4 2*0 402- ,+:0 +4 2*0 VLR 64:

+, 42 36,,0: 2 2*0 HLR.

GSM Lo9i7a* C)anne*s

A 7<1 :+6>-69 ,*+4> 2*0 :+;;0-042 2?30, ; <>+16< 1*6440<, *6, 7004 >+@04 70<

Fi9 . "*o7> Dia9ra1 s)o8in9 Different Lo9i7a* C)anne*s

T)e "roa/7ast 7)anne*s ("C5!# T*0 BCH, +41<8:0 2*0 ;<<+4> 1*6440<,

• T*0 B-6:16,2 C42-< C*6440< (BCCH)

27



• T*0 F-0=8041? C--012+4 C*6440< (FCCH)

• T*0 S?41*-4+62+4 C*6440< (SCH)

T)e Co11on Contro* C)anne*s (CCC5!# T*0 CCCH, +41<8:0 2*0 ;<<+4> 1*6440<,

• T*0 P6>+4> C*6440< (PCH)

• T*0 A110,, G-642 C*6440< (AGCH)

• T*0 R64:9 A110,, C*6440< (RACH)

T)e De/i7ate/ Contro* C)anne*s (DCC5!# T*0 DCCH, +41<8:0 2*0 ;<<+4> 1*6440<,

• T*0 S264:'A<40 D0:+1620: C42-< C*6440< (SDCCH)

• T*0 S< A,,1+620: C42-< C*6440< (SACCH)

• T*0 F6,2 A,,1+620: C42-< C*6440< (FACCH)

Ca** to MS (MT!

A 97+<0 20-9+462+4> (MT) 16<< +, +4+2+620: *04 2*0 -+>+462+4> ,87,1-+70-& 4690: A',87,1-+70-&

:+6<, 6 20<03*40 48970- (MSISDN) 2 6 B',87,1-+70- (MS) *0-0 2*0 16<< ,*6<< 20-9+4620.

R82+4> +4;-962+4 +, >+@04 70<.

) B? :+6<+4> 2*0 MSISDN& 2*0 16<< +<< 70 -820: 2 6 GSM >6206?& GMSC.) T*0 MSISDN +<< 70 8,0: 7? 2*0 GMSC 2 6::-0,, 2*0 HLR *0-0 2*0 MS +, -0>+,20-0:. T*0

GMSC ,04:, 6 -0=80,2 2 2*0 HLR 6,+4> ;- 40 -82+4> +4;-962+4. T*+, -0=80,2 1426+4,

2*0 MSISDN. T*0 HLR +<< 2-64,<620 2*0 MSISDN +42 IMSI 2 ;+4: 2*0 1--012 ;+<0 +4 2*0

:62676,0. T*0 HLR 1*01, 2*0 ,87,1-+32+4 64: 2*0 62261*0: ,833<090426-? ,0-@+10,.#) I; 2*0-0 6-0 4 -0,2-+12+4,& 2*0 HLR -06:, 2*0 6::-0,, 2 2*0 MSCVLR *0-0 2*0 MS +,

3-0,042<? -0>+,20-0:. I2 ,04:, 6 -0=80,2 2 2*0 MSCVLR 6,+4> ;- 64 MSRN (M7+<0

S262+4 R69+4> N8970-) 2*62 +, 2*0 40 -82+4> +4;-962+4 400:0: 7? 2*0 GMSC. T*+,

-0=80,2 1426+4, 2*0 IMSI.%) T*0 MSCVLR +<< 6<<1620 64 MSRN 64: ,04: +2 2 2*0 GMSC @+6 2*0 HLR. T*0 -0<62+4

702004 2*0 6<<1620: MSRN 64: 2*0 IMSI +<< 70 2093-6-+<? ,2-0: +4 2*0 MSCVLR

:8-+4> 2*0 16<< ,02'83 3-10:8-0.

28



) W+2* 2*0 MSRN 2*0 GMSC 164 -820 2*0 16<< 2 2*0 1--012 MSCVLR *+1* +<< 8,0 2*0

MSRN ' IMSI -0<62+4 2 ;+4: 2*0 1--012 ;+<0 +4 2*0 :62676,0. MSCVLR +<< 1*01 +; 2*0

MS +, 62261*0: 64: +; 2*0 MS +, 6<-06:? 78,?. I; 78,?& 16<< ;-6-:+4> +, 633<+167<0.!) I; 2*0-0 6-0 4 -0,2-+12+4,& 2*0 MSCVLR +<< -06: +4 *+1* <162+4 6-06 2*0 MS +, <1620:.

T*04 +2 ,04:, 6 36>+4> 90,,6>0 2 2*0 BSC, 2*62 *64:<0, 2*0 10<<, +4 2*62 <162+4 6-06. T*0

BSC +<< :+,2-+7820 2*0 90,,6>0 2 2*0 1410-40: BTS,& *+1* +<< ,04: +2 4 PCH. T*0

36>+4> 90,,6>0 1426+4, 2*0 +:042+2? ; 2*0 MS& 0+2*0- TMSI - IMSI.$) T*0 MS& +4 +:<0 9:0& +, 94+2-+4> 2*0 PCH. W*04 2*0 MS :02012, 2*0 36>+4> 90,,6>0& +2

2-+0, 2 0,267<+,* 6 -6:+ -0,8-10 (RR) 144012+4 7? ,04:+4> 64 6110,, 78-,2 4 RACH. T*0

BSC& +4 1*6->0 ; RR& 6<<1620, 6 ,+>46<+4> 1*6440< (SDCCH) 64: >-642, 2*0 6110,, 4 2*0

AGCH.) A<< 2*0 -0=8+-0: ,+>46<+4> 2 30-;-9 6 16<< ,02'83 +<< 70 ,042 4 2*0 SDCCH 64: +<< 70

6::-0,,0: 2 2*0 MSCVLR. T*0 682*042+162+4 3-10:8-0& 0=8+39042 +:042+;+162+4& 64:

1+3*0-+4> ,26-2 +<< 260 3<610 402.) T*0 BSC +<< 6<<1620 6 TCH ;- 2*0 16<< 2 70 1440120:.

Ca** fro1 MS (MO!

T*0 97+<0 -+>+462+4> (MO) 16<< +, +4+2+620: *04 2*0 ,87,1-+70- 3-0,, 2*0 ;;'* 6;20- :+6<+4> 2*0

48970- 2 2*0 B',87,1-+70-.

) T*0 MS 0,267<+,*0, 6 -6:+ -0,8-10 (RR) 144012+4 7? ,04:+4> 64 6110,, 78-,2 4 RACH.

T*0 BSC& +4 1*6->0 ; RR& 6<<1620, 6 ,+>46<+4> 1*6440< (SDCCH) 64: >-642, 2*0 6110,, 4

2*0 AGCH.) A<< 2*0 -0=8+-0: ,+>46<+4> 2 30-;-9 6 16<< ,02'83 +<< 70 ,042 4 2*0 SDCCH 64: +<< 70

6::-0,,0: 2 2*0 MSCVLR. T*0 682*042+162+4 3-10:8-0& 0=8+39042 +:042+;+162+4& 64:

1+3*0-+4> ,26-2 +<< 260 3<610 4 2*+, 1*6440<. MS 6<, +4;-9, 2*0 MSCVLR ; 2*0

-0=8+-0: ,0-@+10 64: 2*0 48970- 2 2*0 16<<0: ,87,1-+70- (B'48970-). T*0 MSCVLR +<<96- 2*0 MS 78,? 64: 1*01 +; 2*0 -0=8+-0: ,0-@+10 +, 6@6+<67<0 +4 2*0 402-. I2 +<< 2*04

1*01 +; 2*0 MS *6, 6 ,87,1-+32+4 ;- 2*+, ,0-@+10& 64: +; , +<< 2*04 1*01 +; 2*0 ,87,1-+70-

*6, 612+@620: 2*0 ,0-@+10 ; 76--+4> 82>+4> 16<<,.#) MSCVLR +<< 2*04 ,04: 64 6,,+>49042 90,,6>0 2 2*0 BSC& *+1* +<< 6<<1620 6 TCH

,8+20: ;- 2*0 6110320: ,0-@+10. T*0 BSC +<< 612+@620 2*0 TCH 62 2*0 ,0-@+4> BTS& - 642*0-

29



BTS. T*0 1*6440< +, 2*04 6,,+>40: 2 2*0 MS& *+1* +<< 9@0 2 2*0 +4:+1620: 16--+0- 64:

2+90 ,<2.%) B? 646<?+4> 2*0 B'48970- 2*0 MSCVLR 164 -820 2*0 16<< 2 2*0 -+>*2 :0,2+462+4. T*0 16<<

164 4 70 1440120: 2 2*0 B',87,1-+70- 64: 2*0 2-6;;+1 164 ,26-2.

Ca** fro1 Mo?i*e P)one to PSTN

) T*0 MSCVLR -010+@0, 2*0 90,,6>0 ; 6 16<< -0=80,2.

) T*0 MSCVLR 1*01, +; 2*0 97+<0 ,262+4 +, 682*-+0: 2 6110,, 2*0 402-. I; ,& 2*097+<0 ,262+4 +, 612+@620:. I; 2*0 97+<0 ,262+4 +, 42 682*-+0:& ,0-@+10 +<< 70 :04+0:.

#) MSCVLR 646<?0, 2*0 48970- 64: +4+2+620, 6 16<< ,0283 +2* 2*0 PSTN.

%) MSCVLR 6,, 2*0 1--0,34:+4> BSC 2 6<<1620 6 2-6;;+1 1*6440< T*0 BSC 6<<1620, 2*0

2-6;;+1 1*6440< 64: 36,,0, 2*0 +4;-962+4 2 2*0 97+<0 ,262+4.

) T*0 16<<0: 36-2? 64,0-, 2*0 16<< 64: 2*0 14@0-,62+4 260, 3<610.

Ca** fro1 PSTN to 1o?i*e 6)one

) T*0 G6206? MSC -010+@0, 2*0 16<< 64: =80-+0, 2*0 HLR ;- 2*0 +4;-962+4 400:0: 2 -820

2*0 16<< 2 2*0 ,0-@+4> MSCVLR.

) T*0 GMSC -820, 2*0 16<< 2 2*0 MSCVLR.

#) T*0 MSC 1*01, 2*0 VLR ;- 2*0 <162+4 6-06 ; 2*0 MS.

%) T*0 MSC 142612, 2*0 MS @+6 2*0 BSC 2*-8>* 6 7-6:16,2 90,,6>0& 2*62 +,& 2*-8>* 6

36>+4> -0=80,2.

) T*0 MS -0,34:, 2 2*0 36>0 -0=80,2.

30



!) T*0 BSC 6<<1620, 6 2-6;;+1 1*6440< 64: ,04:, 6 90,,6>0 2 2*0 MS 2 2840 2 2*0 1*6440<.

T*0 MS >040-620, 6 -+4>+4> ,+>46< 64:& 6;20- 2*0 ,87,1-+70- 64,0-,& 2*0 ,3001* 144012+4 +,

0,267<+,*0:.

$) H64:@0-& +; -0=8+-0:& 260, 3<610.

A4E PLATFORM

AE +, 6 98<2+'633<+162+4& 304'04:0: :+>+26< ,+21*+4> 3-:812 ;- 387<+1 20<019984+162+4,

402-,. I2 *6, -06<'2+90 3-10,,+4> 16361+2? 64: 164 *64:<0 *+>* @<890, ; 2-6;;+1. AE +,

76,0: 4 6 9:0< +4 *+1* 6<< ;8412+46<+2? (,+21*+4>& ,87,1-+70- 64: 402- 6110,,& 30-62+4

64: 96+42046410& 2-6;;+1 142-<& 1*6->+4> 142-<) +, *64:<0: 7? 061* 4:0 +4 2*0 402-.

E-+1,,4, GSM ,?,209, 6-0 76,0: 4 AE. T*+, 9064, 2*62 2*0 ;0628-0, 64: ,0-@+10, 78+<2 +42

AE 164 70 3-@+:0: 6, ,264:6-: +2*+4 CME "CMS %". I2 6<, 9064, 2*62 E-+1,,4, GSM

,?,209, +<< 7040;+2 ;-9 2*0 ;828-0 :0@0<39042 ; AE. T*0 AE 76,0: 4:0, +4 E-+1,,4,

GSM ,?,209, 6-0 2*0 MSCVLR& GMSC& HLR& 64: BSC 021.

31



Fi9 . S)o8n a?o2e is t)e /e6*o&1ent of t)e A4E ar7)ite7t,re in t)e CME =-@- Eri7sson

net8or>.

A4E Str,7t,re

T*0-0 6-0 18--042<? 2 76,+1 2?30, ; ,2-8128-0 ;- AE

• N4'A33<+162+4 M:8<6-+2? 76,0: AE ,?,209, (AE ")

A33<+162+4 9:8<6-+2? 76,0: AE ,?,209, (AE "!)

T*0 N4'A33<+162+4 9:8<6-+2? 76,0: ,?,209 +, 3-0,042<? 70+4> 8,0: 62 2*0 4:6< ;;+10 62*<6. H0-0 2*0 AE " 164 70 ,87':+@+:0: +42 2 36-2,.

• APT T*+, +, 2*0 ,+21*+4> 64: 20<019984+162+4, 633<+162+4, 36-2 ; AE.

• AP; T*+, +, 2*0 142-< - 30-62+4> ,?,209 36-2 ; AE.

32



A4 +93-2642 6,3012 ; 2*0 AE 3<62;-9 +, 2*62 0@0-? *6-:6-0 - 1934042 +4 2*0 ,+21*

-9 *6, 6 -0:84:641? ;612-. T*+, 9064, 2*62 2*0-0 +<< 70 1934042,& A 64: B. O40 ; 2*09

+<< 70 612+@0 62 6 2+90 (A12+@0 - P6,,+@0).

Fi9 . $ie8 of S8it7) Roo1

Pro7essors ,sin9 A4E

T*0-0 6-0 96+4<? # 2?30, ; 3-10,,-, 8,+4> 2*0 AE 3<62;-9 +4 2*0 ,+21* -9

) CP (C042-6< P-10,,-) T*0 CP *64:<0, 6<< 96+4 ;8412+4, +4 2*0 402- <+0 *64:<+4>

18,290- 16<<,& 16<< -82+4>& 142-<<+4> 6<< 16-:, 021. 0@0-? 19964: +4 2*0 402- +,

001820: 2*-8>* 2*+, 3-10,,-. B02004 CP’, 2*0-0 +<< 70 64 83:62+4> 78, 2 +4,0-2

64? 40 3->-69 +4 2*0 612+@0 CP. T*0 CP +, 3<610: +4 6 CPUM M6>6+40.

33



Fi9 '-. $ie8 of CP

) APG (A:/8412 P-10,,- G-83) T*0 APG +, 8,0: ;- I438282382 3-10,,+4> 38-3,0.

I2 164 70 ,6+: 6, 64 +420-;610 702004 2*0 CP 64: 6 201*4+1+64.

Fi9 ''. $ie8 of APG

#) RP (R0>+46< P-10,,-) T*0 RP 612, 611-:+4> 2 :+;;0-042 -0>+46< 6-06,. T*0,0 6-0

3<610: 62 2*0 02-090 04:, ; 2*0 CP. A 144012+4 702004 CP 64: RP +, :40 +2* 64

RP B8, (RPB). O40 CP 164 144012 96+989 # RPB’, 64: RPB 144012, 2 6

96+989 ; # RP’,.

AP; $ersions

34



T*0-0 6-0 :+;;0-042 @0-,+4, ; AP 4690<? AP & "& & #"& ##& ##C& %"& "& 64: !". A2

A+-20< 2*0 AP’, +4 8,0 6-0 ##& ##C& %"& "& 64: !". T*0 @0-,+4, 67@0 #" 6-0 16<<0: 6, 2*0

E@<@0: 6-1*+20128-0. T*0 <620,2 AP 3<62;-9 +, 44 6, 2*0 B<6:0 C<8,20- (F- #G).

T*0 :+;;0-042 0@<82+4, *6@0 :+;;0-042 3-10,,+4> ,300:, +41-06,+4> ;-9 @0-,+4 #" 2+<< !". A<,

2*0-0 +<< 70 6 -0:812+4 +4 2*0 48970- ; 167+402,.

A2 3-0,042& 2*0 ## 64: ##C 6-0 +4 2*0+- 04: ; <+;0 3-10,, 64: 6-0 70+4> ,*+;20: 2 %" 64: ".

Fa,*ts in t)e S8it7) Roo1# T 2?30, ; ;68<2, 96? 6-+,0 – Te16orar& (C64 70 1--0120: 7?

00182+4> 19964:,) 64: Per1anent (C--0120: 7? 1*64>+4> 2*0 H6-:6-0).

WINFIOL Soft8are

I2 +, ,;26-0 -0=8+-0: 2 30-620 2*0 APG 4:0 2*-8>* 6 C93820- - 6 <6323 64: +2 164 70 8,0: ;-

F- 1*01+4> N:0 S2628,

F- 1*01+4> S0-@+10,

F- 1*01+4> C<1 H06<2*

F- 76183,

F- 20,2+4>

Di9ita* A,/io Ta6es (DAT!# DAT 2630, 6-0 8,0: ;- ,2-+4> ; B61'83, ; 6<< 2*0 16<<

14;+>8-62+4, 118--+4> 2*-8>* 2*0 MSC. T*0 DAT 2630, 8,0: *0-0 *6@0 6 16361+2? ; % 64:

$ TB ; :626. T*0-0 6-0 96+4<? % 2?30, ; 761'83, *+1* 6-0 2604

• CP (C042-6< P-10,,-) 'T604 W00<?

• APG (A:/8412 P-10,,-) 'T604 M42*<?

RTR - TT (T<< T+102+4> ;+<0) 'T604 0@0-? # -: :6?

• IN (I420<<+>042 N02-) – T604 D6+<?

35



Fi9 '=. DAT Ta6es

RESEARC5 MET5ODOLOGY

R0,06-1* 902*:<>? 96? 70 :0;+40: 6, 2*0 3-10,, ; 1<<012+4> -6 :626 - +4;-962+4 ;-

2*0 38-3,0 ; 96+4> 64? 0149+1 - 78,+40,, :01+,+4,. T*+, 902*: ; 1<<012+4> :626 +,

8,86<<? 847+6,0: 64: 2-80. T*0 902*:<>? 96? +41<8:0 ,28:?& -0,06-1*& +420-@+0,& ,8-@0?, -

64? 2*0- 201*4+=80,. T*0 -0,06-1* 96? +41<8:0 *+,2-+16<& 3-0,042 - ;828-0 :626.

36



T*0 resear7) 1et)o/ ,se/ ;- 2*+, 3-/012 6, 6 Se7on/ar& Resear7). S014:6-? -0,06-1* +,

:0;+40: 6, 64 646<?,+, 64: inter6retation of 6ri1ar& resear7). T*0 902*: ; -+2+4>

,014:6-? -0,06-1* +, 2 1<<012 3-+96-? -0,06-1* 2*62 +, -0<0@642 2 6 -+2+4> 23+1 64: +420-3-02

*62 2*0 3-+96-? -0,06-1* ;84:. F- +4,26410& ,014:6-? -0,06-1* ;204 260, 2*0 ;-9 ; 2*0

-0,8<2, ;-9 2 - 9-0 3-+96-? -0,06-1* 6-2+1<0, 64: 03<6+4, *62 2*0 2 ,036-620 ;+4:+4>,

6-0 20<<+4> 8,. A, ,014:6-? -0,06-1* +, ; :+;;0-042 2?30,& 2*+, -0,06-1* +, 6 Con7e6t,a*

se7on/ar& resear7). C4103286< -0,06-1* ;18,0, 4 2*0 141032 - 2*0-? 2*62 03<6+4, -

:0,1-+70, 2*0 3*049044 70+4> ,28:+0:. T*+, :0, 42 -0=8+-0 2*0 8,0 ; 030-+9042, 782 960,

8,0 ; 2*0 7,0-@62+4,.

Resear7) O?e7ti2e

T*+, 3-/012 6, ,87/012 76,0: 64: 6+90: 62 ,28:?+4> 2*0 3-0,042 ,1046-+ ; 2*0 97+<0 3*40

,0-@+10 3-@+:0-,& +4 2*+, 16,0 A+-20<& 2*0 :+;;0-042 30-62+4, +4 64 A+-20< MSC 64: ;828-0

201*4<>+0, 84:0-2604 7? 2*0 19364?.

T*0 96+4 7/012+@0, 0-0 6, ;<<,

• T <06-4 6782 M7+<0 N02-,& +2, -+4> 64: F8412+4,.

• T <06-4 6782 2*0 GSM A-1*+20128-0.

• T 84:0-,264: 2*0 C6<< F< P-10,,0, +4 2*0 402-.

• T <06-4 6782 2*0 A-1*+20128-0 +4 2*0 S+21* R9.• T 260 -0>8<6- B61'83,.

Resear7) Desi9n

T*0 -0,06-1* :0,+>4 03<6+4, 2*0 ,2-8128-0 ; 64? ,1+042+;+1 - 201*4+16< -. I2 >+@0, 6 :+-012+4

2 2*0 -0,06-1* 64: +2 +<< *0<3 +4 2*0 0@6<862+4 ; -0,8<2, 64: * 0 141<8:0 2*0 ;+4:+4>,. A4

EH6*orator& Resear7) D0,+>4 *6, 7004 6:320: 2 141<8:0 2*0 ;+4:+4>, ; 9? ,28:?.

E3<-62-? R0,06-1* >040-6<<? 9064, 2 +4=8+-0 +42 6 ,+2862+4 *+1* 96? 3-@+:0 +4,+>*2 2

2*0 36-2+18<6- ,87/012. T*+, -0,06-1* +4204:, 2 03<-0 2*0 ;+0<: ; ,28:? +4 -:0- 2 ;+4: 82 2*0

4628-0 ; 2*0 3-7<09 - 23+1. H0-0& 2*+, -0,06-1* *6, 7004 633<+0: 4 9? 23+1 ; GSM 64: +2,

C6<< ;< 3-10,,0, 021.

37



Data Co**e7tion

T*0 :626 1<<012+4 902*:, ;- 2*+, 3-/012 +, 2*-8>* @6-+8, ,8-10, <+0

• An Inter/is7i6*inar& a66roa7) *6, 7004 6:320:& 2*62 +,& 1<<012+4> +4;-962+4 ;-9

@6-+8, ,8-10,& -0<0@642 ;- 2*0 23+1.

• Wor>in9 9ro,6 an/ S,?9ro,6 sessions 2 61*+0@0 64 84:0-,264:+4> ; 2*0 O7/012+@0,.

• Re2ie8 of arti7*es 6,?*is)e/ ?& ")arti Airte* 64: ,1+042+;+1 /8-46<, -0<620: 2

20<019984+162+4,.

• T*0 96/- ,8-10, ; +4;-962+4 6-0 2*0 C*asses ta>en ?& t)e Proe7t 5ea/ 64: 2*0

en9ineers& -0<620: 2 2*0 23+1.

• C<<012+4 64: A46<?,+, ; Q86<+262+@0 D626.

• St,/& of t)e Li2e MSC3s& GMSC’,& HLR’, 021. +4 2*0 ,+21*+4> -9 021

A, 2*0 -0,06-1* 902*: +, 6 ,014:6-? -0,06-1*& 2*0-0 +, no 6arti7,*ar sa16*e - sa16*in9

1et)o/ -0=8+-0: ;- 2*+, 3-/012& 6, 8- :626 +, :0-+@0: ;-9 64 6<-06:? 0,267<+,*0: 3-+96-?

-0,06-1*.

DATA ANALYSIS

A >040-6< 646<?,+, ; :626 +, 2*0 3-10,, ; +4,3012+4> 64: 9:0<+4> 2*0 +4;-962+4 +2* 2*0

7/012+@0 ; 726+4+4> 8,0;8< +4;-962+4 ;-9 64? 3-0@+8, 23+1 - ,28:?. A, 03<6+40: 67@0&

6<< 2*0 :626 *+1* *6, 7004 ,28:+0: *6, 7004 726+40: ;-9 ,014:6-? :626. S& 2*0 D626 646<?,+,

; 2*+, ,014:6-? :626 ,6@0, 6 <2 ; 2+90 2*62 8<: *6: 7004 <,2 +4 1<<012+4> 2*0 -+>+46< :626.

T*0 :626 646<?,+, ;- 9? +420-4,*+3 +41<8:0, 2*0 -0,8<2, 64: ;+4:+4>, ;-9 9? 23+1 *+1* *6@0

7004 >+@04 70<.

38



• T*0 ;+-,2 36-2 ; 9? -0,06-1* ,28:? 6, 4 2*0 0@<82+4 ; GSM& +2’, A-1*+20128-0 64: 2*0

1934042, 6,,1+620: +2* +2. W+2* 2*0 *0<3 ; 1<6,,0, 64: >-83 ,0,,+4,& I 6, 67<0 2

<06-4 6782 2*0 1934042, <+0 MSC& HLR 021 64: 6<, 4 6782 2*0 GSM >0>-63*+16<

402-,& *+1* *6@0 7004 03<6+40: +4 2*+, -03-2.

• T*0 ,014: 3-2+4 6, -0<62+4> 2 2*0 C6<< F< P-10,,. A94> 2*0 :+;;0-042 2?30, ; 16<<

,02'83,& I >62*0-0: +4;-962+4 ;-9 2*0 6-2+1<0,& 4 16<<, ;-9 64 MS 64: 2 64 MS 64:

2*-8>* PSTN. I4 -:0- 2 84:0-,264: 16<< ,02'83& I *6@0 +41<8:0: 6 ,28:? 4 :+;;0-042 97+<0

+:042+2+0, 64: <>+16< 1*6440<,.

• AE 6-1*+20128-0 ;-9, 2*0 761740 ; 6 ,+21*+4> 10420- 6, 6<< 2*0 1934042, +4 2*0

,+21* -9 6-0 :0304:042 4 2*+, 201*4<>?. A, I *6: 7004 6,,+>40: 2*0 - ; -0>8<6-<?

26+4> B61'83, ;-9 2*0 ,0-@0-, +4 2*0 ,+21* -9& I 6, 67<0 2 >6+4 ,90 +4;-962+4 4

2*0 AE ,0-@0-, *+1* 2*0-+,0 +, 42 3-@+:0: 7? A+-20<.

A, 2*+, +420-4,*+3 6, 042+-0<? 76,0: 4 6 S014:6-? D626& 4 6::+2+46< +4;-962+4 *6, 7004

6::0: 2 2*0 <+20-628-0 +4 2*0 -03-2. T*0 ,28:? 3-@+:0: 6 30-;012 +4,+>*2 64: 84:0-,264:+4> ; 2*0

23+1 >+@04 2 90.

RECOMMENDATION < CONCLUSION

T*0 20<019984+162+4, +4:8,2-? +, -63+:<? >-+4> 64: 2*62 *6, 70190 2*0 761740 ;-

78,+40,, ,8110,, 64: 0;;+1+041? 6<< 6-84: 2*0 -<:. I4 2*+, -03-2 I *6@0 2-+0: 2 >+@0 64@0-@+0 6782 2*0 GSM ,?,209,& 2*0 16<< ;< 3-10,, 64: 2*0 AE 6-1*+20128-0 093<?0: 62

A+-20<. A<2*8>* 2*0 2*0-? 96? 42 70 048>*& I 70<+0@0 2*62 I 96? *6@0 3-@+:0: 6 >040-6<

84:0-,264:+4> 6782 2*+, 23+1.

39



T*-8>* 2*+, -03-2& I 8<: <+0 2 6:: ,90 ; 9? 30-,46< -019904:62+4, *+1* 96? 3-@0

2 70 6 3,+2+@0 3+42 ;- 2*0 ->64+62+4.

A2 3-0,042& A+-20< 8,0, 2*0 CME'" @0-,+4 ; E-+1,,4’, S264:6-: ;- GSM. T*+,

@0-,+4 +, 70+4> 8,0: ,+410 2*0 +41032+4 ; GSM& *+<0 +4 2*0- :0@0<3+4> 462+4, 2*+,

CME " @0-,+4 +, 64 82:620: @0-,+4. A+-20< 98,2 003 +2, ,264:6-:, 62 36- +2* +2,

+420-462+46< 18420-36-2, 6, 0<<. T*0 <620,2 201*4<>? 2*62 A+-20< *6, <6841*0: +, +2, %G ,0-@+10, +4 I4:+6. T*+, +, 6

3,+2+@0 ;612-& 14,+:0-+4> 2*0 ;612 2*62 4<? A+-20< 64: R0<+6410 *6@0 <6841*0: %G +4 2*0

1842-?. B82 2*0-0 6-0 ,2+<< 3<610, +4 I4:+6 2*62 6-0 ?02 2 -010+@0 G ,0-@+10, 3-30-<?.O4 6 30-,46< 420& I 69 ,6?+4> 2*62 40 98,2 04,8-0 2*62 +2, 3-0,042 201*4<>? *6,

-061*0: 2 6<< 2*0 6-06, ; 2*0 1842-? 70;-0 1<693+4> 4 2 6 40 201*4<>?. T*0 ,0-@0-, +4,+:0 2*0 S+21* -9 62 A+-20< 6-0 8,+4> 2*0 ## 64: ##C AP @0-,+4,

*+1* 6-0 82:620: 64: ,< +2* -0;0-0410 2 2*0 +41-06,+4> :0964: ; ,0-@+10,. E@04

2*8>* 2*0 2-64,+2+4 2 %" 64: " @0-,+4, *6@0 ,26-20:& +2 +, 118--+4> @0-? ,<<?. I4

,90 462+4, 2*0 64: !" @0-,+4, 6-0 70+4> 8,0:. L6,2<?& 2*0 DAT 2630, *+1* 6-0 70+4> 8,0: 6-0 78<? (,+0 ; VCR’,) 64: <:

201*4<>?. D8-+4> 2*0 0-6 ; 9+4+628-0 *6-: :+,, 64: 2*0- :-+@0, +2* <6->0- 16361+2?&

2*0,0 DAT 2630, ,*8<: 70 -03<610: +2* ,81* ,2-6>0 :0@+10,.

T0<019984+162+4, 6-0 :0@0<3+4> 26-:, 6 30-,46< 19984+162+4 402- *+1* 9064,

2*0 6@6+<67+<+2? ; 19984+162+4 ,0-@+10, 64?2+90& 64?*0-0 64: 2 64? 30-,4. T*0 GSM

,?,209 +, 2*0 ;+-,2 04:06@- 2 2*+, 30-,46< 19984+162+4 ,?,209. I2 ;;0-, 6 @6-+02? ; ,0-@+10,

<+0 20<03*4?& +420-402& :626 2-64,;0- 64: 2*0- ,833<090426-? ,0-@+10,. GSM +, 6<, 2*0 ;+-,2

402- 2 6:32 2*0 I420<<+>042 N02-+4> 141032 *+1* +41<8:0, -0>+,20-, (HLR& VLR 021.).

B82& +4 2*+, :0@0<3+4> -<:& 2*0 ,0-@+10, ; GSM 6-0 ;61+4> :+;;+18<2+0, 6, 2*0 :0964: ;-

=86<+2? 64: 2*0- ;612-, *6@0 +41-06,0:. S& 6<< 2*0 ,0-@+10 3-@+:0-, 98,2 260 2*+, :0964:

*06:'4 64: +93<09042 400- ,0-@+10, <+0 #G& LTE 021.

A2 3-0,042& #G 64: %G ,0-@+10, *6@0 7004 <6841*0: 7? A+-20< *+1* +<< 06,0 2*0 C8,290-,

3-7<09, 64: 04,8-0 2*0 7040;+2 ; 2*0 387<+1 72* +4 20-9, ; 1,2 64: ,0-@+10 =86<+2?.

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REFERENCES

• M-. R6@+ P-66,* (S-. M646>0- N02- O30-62+4) ' V+6,38-+

•

M-. R60,* G8,6+4 (MSC H06:) – O*<6• M-. A-+4:69 B*62261*6-?6 (MSC I41*6->0)

• M-. Y8@-6/ S6+4+ (S+21*+4> E4>+400-).

• M-. N+2+4 R628- (S+21*+4> E4>+400-).

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Final Internship Report Airtel

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