Financial Inclusion Survey Report Rajasthan

Phanipriya Nandula

Centre for microfinance

D-240, D Block, Behind World Trade Park, Malviya Nagar, Rajasthan

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Table of Contents

Table of Content:

1. Centre for microfinance – An introduction: ......................................................................... 4

2. Introduction to study on Financial Inclusion in the state of Rajasthan: .................... 4

3. Sampling and data collection: ................................................................................................... 5

4. Government initiatives on Financial Inclusion: ................................................................. 5

5. Banking network in Rajasthan: ................................................................................................ 6

6. Financial Inclusion in Rajasthan - Inclusix 2015: .............................................................. 7

7. Characteristics of villages under study: ................................................................................ 8

8. Characteristics of participant households: ........................................................................ 11

9. Study findings: .............................................................................................................................. 12

a. Number of Bank accounts: ....................................................................................................... 12

b. Government program under which accounts have been opened: ............................. 13

c. Purpose for opening of bank accounts:................................................................................ 15

d. Member accounts in various Banks: ..................................................................................... 16

e. Avenues for saving: ..................................................................................................................... 17

f. Withdrawal of amount deposited in bank:.......................................................................... 19

g. Points of transaction: ................................................................................................................. 19

h. Availability of Kisan Credit Cards: ........................................................................................ 20

i. Loan outstanding with various agencies: ............................................................................ 20

j. Benefit transfer: ............................................................................................................................ 22

k. Insurance: ...................................................................................................................................... 22

10. Conclusion: .................................................................................................................................. 22

11. Annexure ..................................................................................................................................... 26

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List of abbreviations

ATM Automated Teller Machine

BC Business Correspondent

Bob Bank of Baroda

CmF Center for Microfinance

CRISIL Credit Rating Information Services of India Limited)

GOI Government of India

JSY Janani Suraksha Yojana

KCC Kisan Credit Card

KYC Know Your Customer

LIC Life Insurance Corporation of India

MKSP Mahila Kisan Sashaktikaran Pariyojna

MNREGA Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act

MoU Memorandum of Understanding

MPOWER Mitigating Poverty in West Rajasthan

NABARD National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development

NBFC Non -Banking Financial Company

NGO Non Government Organization

NRLM National Rural Livelihood Mission

PACS Primary Agricultural Credit Society

PMJDY Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana

RBI Reserve Bank of India

RRB Regional Rural Bank

SBBJ State Bank of Bikaner and Jaipur

SHG Self Help Group

SLBC State Level Bankers Committee

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A report on Financial Inclusion in Rajasthan

1. Centre for microfinance – An introduction:

Centre for microfinance (CmF) is an autonomous organization registered under the Rajasthan Societies Act, 1958. CmF came into existence in 2005 in response to the need for an agency to guide the growth of microfinance and particularly, community-based microfinance in Rajasthan. CmF employs high quality professionals to provide a wide range of technical and other support services to mF players. CmF has been providing capacity building and knowledge support to the Govt. of Rajasthan’s Mitigating Poverty in West Rajasthan (MPOWER) project in Jodhpur (www.mpowerraj.gov.in) reaching out to 52,000 households in six blocks of West Rajasthan. CmF also leads a consortium of six NGO partners implementing the Mahila Kisan Sashaktikaran Pariyojna (MKSP) a Government of India (GoI) project under National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM), which seeks to improve livelihoods of over 25,000 households through increased productivity in agriculture and livestock in eastern and southern Rajasthan. CmF supports community institutions across Rajasthan and few other states in the areas of research and networking.

2. Introduction to study on Financial Inclusion in the state of Rajasthan:

The poorer sections of the community require financial services such as savings, credit, remittance, insurance and social security. However, most of the poor are excluded from the banking network and hence are dependent on informal sources, which are unpredictable and risky. In this regard, Reserve Bank of India (RBI) set up Khan Commission (2004) to bring the unbanked population of the country in to the ambit of formal financial institutions. The recommendations include opening of no frill accounts and minimum KYC (Know Your Customer) norms. RBI has been encouraging banks to open no frills accounts, which are zero balance accounts from the year 2005 onwards. At the macro level, scenario on microfinance is changing rapidly owing to greater focus on financial inclusion. Government is making efforts to connect the excludedto the mainstream financial services. The SHG model has also received major thrust with the advent of the National Rural Livelihoods Mission. The Microfinance institutions are also continuing to provide services of credit. Similarly, institutions such as NABARD have been focusing on building capacities of poor in taking financial decisions through financial literacy initiatives.

With this backdrop, many studies have been taken up at the national level with respect to coverage and usage of the bank accounts in the context of financial inclusion. However, studies at the state level are fairly limited. Also, owing to inclusive financial policies of the government, though the state has shown impressive coverage of people in terms of bank accounts, usage of the same for improving the economic status of the poor is not known. Hence, state (Rajasthan) level study to understand outreach, access and usage of financial services from formal and informal institutions in rural areas for policy level advocacy at the state level has been executed by CmF. Following are the specific objectives of the study:

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1. To understand the outreach of financial institutions. 2. To understand access to Financial Services at rural Households. 3. To understand the usage of various formal financial services offered by different

channels.

3. Sampling and data collection:

The survey was conducted in ten districts, one eachfrom the 10 agro-climatic zones in Rajasthan. One block1 per each district was selected for the study. In total, 2,014 householdswere studied in 10 villages per block. Villages were identified based on distance from the block headquarters. Villages near the block headquarter and those that lie in the most interior localities of the block were selected for the study.Equalnumber of households from each hamlet/lane of the village was covered. The study was administered with the help of a questionnaire, which was field tested and modified suitably. Data was collected from the field with the help of partner organization of CmF, who were actively involved in supervising the process of data collection. A team of investigators (staff of federations and NGOs in Rajasthan) who were trained in data collection by CmF participated in collecting field level information.

4. Government initiatives on Financial Inclusion:

Financial Inclusion initiatives in the state of Rajasthan are being taken up by department of Women and Child Welfare, department of Rural Development, Bank of Baroda (BoB) as convener of SLBC, State Bank of Bikaner and Jaipur (SBBJ); State Bank of India and several others in addition to Reserve Bank of India and NABARD (Ayitam n.d.). Also, services of various NGOs have been taken in order to train SHG members on financial inclusion and financial literacy. Following are the various schemes being implemented in Rajasthan in order to promote financial inclusion.

Bhamashah Yojana: In addition to the Financial inclusion programs that are implemented by the center, government of Rajasthan has launched Bhamashah yojana on 15th August 2014 with an investment of 600 crore to transfer financial and non-financial benefits of governmental schemes directly to recipients. Bhamashah Yojana, which was re launched in 2014 (launched in 2008) aims at financial inclusion and women empowerment. Benefits under various schemes such as social security pensions, MNREGA, Janani Suraksha Yojana, and Shubha Lakshmi Yojana etc. worth Rs. 12980 million have been transferred through 18000 e kiosks. Under the scheme, 38 million persons and 11 million households have been linked.

Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana: In the state of Rajasthan, Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana has been linked with Bhamashah scheme and hence co branded cards has been issued. As on December 2015, 15.8 million accounts have been opened and 55.36% of these accounts have been Aadhar seeded. 54 million people have registered for aadhaar scheme till December 2015 in the state. Also, 30,000 e mitra kiosks are 1Pindwara (Sirohi), Ramgarh (Alwar), Dausa (Dausa), Banswara, Niwai (Tonk), Japal (Nagaur), Suratgarh (Sri Ganganagar), Pokhrama (Jaisalmer), Baytu (Barmer), Bali (Pali).

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operational in the state and have done a business of Rs.2500 million with 2 million transactions per month.

Pradhan Mantri Jivan Jyoti Bima Yojana: The scheme provides one-year renewable life insurance of Rs.2 lakhs on payment of Rs.330 as premium. As on December 2015, 1.01 million persons have been insured in the state under this scheme.

Pradhan Mantri Surakshan Bima Yojana: Similar to Jivan Jyoti Bima Yojana, sum insured is Rs.2 lakhs which is provided on subscriber’s death or disability due to accident. Under the scheme, 3.75 million persons have been enrolled as on December 2015.

Cooperative life insurance scheme: The scheme provides life insurance to cooperative banks, persons who have taken loans from PACS, shareholders and staff after getting approval from the state government. The cooperative banks have signed a MoU with LIC in this regard during the year 2015 to continue the scheme till end of financial year of 2016. Under the scheme, 1.95 million persons of the state have paid a premium of Rs.482 million to the insurance company.

5. Banking network in Rajasthan:

The number of bank branches in the state increased from 5733 in March 2013 to 7286 in the year 2016 indicating Cumulative Annual growth rate of 6.17%. Commercial bank

branches expanded by 7.08% annually; while, RRBs and Cooperative banks increased by 5.29% and 1.30% respectively. Commercial bank branches expanded by 7.08% annually; while, RRBs and Cooperative banks increased by 5.29% and 1.30% respectively. Out of the total bank branches in the state,72.1% of branches are commercial, 19.5% Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) and

Source: SLBC, Rajasthan

8.4% cooperative banks. 41.94% of banks are located in rural areas, 30.89% in semi urban and 27.16% in urban areas.

India recorded a growth rate of 7.32% in September 2016 when compared to the

previous year, while Rajasthan recorded a growth rate of 8.33%. Taking in to

consideration Scheduled Commercial Banks alone, as on September 2015, there are

6408 bank branches with 8.33% increase in number of branches over 2015. The growth

rate of India however is lesser than that for Rajasthan during the same period. SBI and

its associates have recorded highest increase in terms of expansion of their bank

Name Branches (March 2016)

Rural Semi urban Urban Total

Commercial banks 1781 1695 1775 5251

RRBs 1089 247 86 1422

Cooperative banks 186 309 118 613

Total 3056 2251 1979 7286

Table 1: Bank branches in Rajasthan

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branches in the state of Rajasthan, while the foreign banks did not take up any

initiative.

Percentage of households with bank accounts in the state of Rajasthan increased from

28.9% in 2001 to 68.02% in the year 2011. Rural households registered 43.42% growth.

According to census data, only 36 per cent of Indian households had access to banking

services in 2001; this increased to 59 per cent

in 2011. There are a total of 9174-

grampanchayats in the state of Rajasthan.

Around 21% of the gram panchayats have a

brick and mortar branch, while in 77%

Business Correspondent is providing

banking services. According to SLBC,

plans for setting up 171 new brick and

mortar branches are in place for villages with more

than 5000 population without a bank branch of

Scheduled Commercial Bank or Regional Rural

Bank (RRB).

6. Financial Inclusion in Rajasthan - Inclusix 2015:

Though percentage of households with bank

accounts increased from 28.9% in 2001 to

99.9% in 2016, in terms of financial inclusion,

2Out of 652 districts of India

S. No Scheduled Commercial Bank Rajasthan India

Sep-14 Sep-15 % Growth Sep-14 Sep-15 % Growth

1 Regional Rural Bank 1262 1327 5.15 18684 19936 6.70

2 SBI and its Associates 1375 1513 10.04 22613 23680 4.72

3 Nationalized Banks 2487 2689 8.12 60390 64420 6.67

4 Foreign Banks 7 7 0.00 302 322 6.62

5 Private sector banks 784 872 11.22 18355 20793 13.28

Total 5915 6408 8.33 120344 129151 7.32

Table 2: Growth of banking network in Rajasthan

Table 3: Households with bank accounts - Rajasthan and India

S. No Households 2001 (%) 2011(%)

1 Rural 24 67.42

2 Urban 45 68.21

3 Total 28.9 68.02

S. No District CRISIL inclusix -2013

Score Rank 2

1 Alwar 44.7 323 2 Barmer 23.1 610

3 Banswara 30 541 4 Dausa 33.3 505

5 Jaisalmer 40.6 374 6 Nagaur 27.1 568

7 Pali 40.3 385 8 Shriganganagar 53 226

9 Sirohi 33 511

10 Tonk 42.3 352

Table 4: Inclusix score for select districts in Rajasthan

Source: Census of India-2001 and 2011

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Rajasthan scored 25 on CRISIL Inclusix3 score, which is considered below average.

Also, Rajasthan happens to be one of the bottom scoring states in CRISIL index. In

terms of penetration of branches and deposits, Rajasthan has scored above average

and in penetration of credit, below average. Dholpur and Barmer are in the bottom 50

districts on inclusix score. Rajasthan occupies 29th position out of 35 states of the

country. Among the districts under study, Shriganganagar is the only district that scored

above 50 in inclusix and is very near to be called a district with above average inclusix

score. Also, Shriganganagar happens to be the district, which has scored more than the

national inclusix score of 50.1. Barmer has scored only 23.1 and is considered to have

scored low in inclusix. None of the districts of the state appeared in the top 50-district

list.

7. Characteristics of villages under study:

Distance of village from block headquarter:More than 73% of the villages are situated within twenty-six kilometers from the block headquarter. 15.6% of the villages

are situated between 26 and 50 kilometers, while around 9% of the villages are fairly far away from the block headquarter and situated within 51Km and 75 Km. Only one village (KapoorD) in Baitu subdivision of Barmer district of Rajasthan is located 100 kilometers from the block headquarter. Among those villages that are located more than 25km from the block headquarter; only 24% of them have bank branches in their village.

Number of households in the villages:Around 15% of the villages that were included in the study can be term as small with less than 101 households. Majority of the villages under the study are from medium category with 101 to 400 households. Around 26% of the villages come under large category and around 20% of them under very large category.

Availability of banks:Taking in to consideration household size4, 48% of villages have population of less than 2000, 46% have population between 20001 and 10,000 and

3CRISIL Inclusix is a relative index that has a scale of 0 to 100, and combines three very critical parameters of basic financial

services — branch penetration (BP), deposit penetration (DP), and creditpenetration (CP) — into one single metric. A CRISIL

Inclusix score of 100 indicates the ideal state for each of the three parameters.

4Household size of 5(Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner n.d.) for normal households

S. No Distance (km) Villages (%)

1 0-10 30.2

2 11 to 25 43.8

3 26 to 50 15.6

4 51 to 75 9.4

5 76 to 100 1.0

Total 100

Table 5: Distance of village from block

S. No Village Category Villages (%)

1 Small villages (under 101 households) 15.1

2 Medium (101 to 400 households) 38.7

3 Large (401 to 1000 households) 25.8

4 Very large villages (over 1000 households) 20.4

Table 6: Size of the villages

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remaining 6% have a population more than 10,000. Overall, 28% of the villages had banks. In villages with less than 2000 population, only 15%5 had banks. Similarly, in case of villages with 20001-10000 population and more than 10,000 population, 34% and 83% of the total villages had banks (respectively). With respect to district wise data, none of the villages studied in Barmer and Sirohi had banks. In Pali and Dausa, highest (75% and 67% respectively) number of villages had banks. There are 48% of villages

District

<2000 2001-10000 10000+ Total

villages

with banks

(%)

Villages (%) Villages

with banks

(%)

Villages

(%)

Villages

with banks

(%)

Villages

(%)

Villages with

banks (%)

Alwar 40 0 50 10 10 10 20

Barmer 90 0 10 0 0 0 0

Banswara 80 10 20 0 0 0 10

Dausa 33 22 67 44 0 0 67

Jaisalmer 67 22 22 11 11 11 44

Nagaur 40 0 60 30 0 0 30

Pali 25 13 50 38 25 25 75

Shriganganagar 40 10 60 10 0 0 20

Sirohi 20 0 70 0 10 0 0

Tonk 40 0 50 20 10 10 30

Total 48 7* 46 16* 6 5* 28

Table 7: Availability of banks in villages - population categories and districts

*As percentage of total villages studied

Out of those villages with a population of more than 10,000, 83% of them have a bank within 0-5km of their village. In 50% of them, more than one type of bank is available within 0 to 5 km. On an average, these villages have 1.1 banks per village within five kilometers radius. Also, there are 11 banks within 5-10 kilometers from the village, among which 60% are cooperative banks and 27% each are nationalized banks and RRBs. On an average, these villages have 1.4 banks within 5 km to 10km distance.

Out of those villages with 2000 to 10,000 populations, 70% of the villages had at least one bank within five kilometers. A total of 65 banks are located within these villages, out

5as percent of total villages in that particular category

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of which 33% are nationalized, 18% are RRBs and 25% are cooperative banks.On an average, these villages have 1.5 banks per village. Also, there are 138 banks within 5-10 kilometers from the village, among which 52% are nationalized banks and 22% are RRBs and 26% are Cooperative banks. On an average, these villages have 3.1 banks within 5 km to 10km distance.

Out of those villages with less than 2000 population, 68% of them have at least one bank within a radius of five kilometers. A total of 48 banks are located within five kilometers radius, out of which 23% are nationalized banks,

29% are RRBs and 48% are cooperative banks. These villages have 1.2 banks (banks/village) within five kilometers

radius. As far as availability of banks within five to ten kilometers from the village is concerned, a total of 90 banks are available out of which 46% are nationalized banks, 22% are RRBs and 32% are cooperative banks. These villages have 2 banks per village on an average located within 5 to 10 kilometers.

In 29% of the villages studied, there was no bank branch either within the village or within five kilometers from the village. Among these villages, 48% each have less than 2000 and 20001 to 10,000 population, while remaining 11% have more than 10,000 populations.Around 9% of the total villages studied do not have any bank branch within their village or within ten kilometers from their village. Among these villages, 55% have less than 2000 population, 33% have population between 2001 and 10,000, while remaining 11% have more than 10,000 population.

Post offices: Post offices are located within the village in around 28% of the villages. In around 51% of the villages, post office is located within a radius of 5 km from the village. However, in the rest, post offices are far away from the village and located between 6Km and 20km from the village. Postman is resident of the village in 38% of the cases only and in the rest he/she comes from outside the village. In 67% of the cases, though postman is not a resident of the

village, he/she visits the villages regularly indicating regular visits in spite of their residential status.

In villages without a bank branch with in five-kilometer radius, 7% have post offices within the village and 55% of them have post offices within five kilometers from their village. In around 27% of the villages, post offices are located between 6km 10km and in the rest (10%), they are located at a distance of 11km and above from the village.

S. No Population Banks/Village

Within 5km 5Km to 10Km

1 <2000 1.2 2.0 2 2001 to 10000 1.5 3.1 3 10000+ 1.1 1.4

Table 8: Banks within five kilometers from villages

Table 9: Location of post offices

Location of post office Village (%)

Within the village 28.42

Less than 2km 22.11

3 km to 5km 29.47

6 km to 10km 13.68

11km to 20km 6.32

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8. Characteristics of participant households:

The study collected data from 2093 households from 98 villages (Annexure-2) of ten districts6 (Annexure-1) of the state. Among the respondents, 66.8% were male. Taking in to consideration age categories (Annexure-3), 30.6% of the respondents are 31years and below, while 60.8% of the respondents are between 32 and 62 years old. In terms of household size (Annexure-4), 56.5% of respondents belong to small households with less than 5 members and 40.4% to households that are medium in size with 6-10 members. A small percentage (2.6%) of respondents are from large households with 11 to 15 members per households, while a miniscule (0.5%) are from very large households with 16+ members per household. Among the respondent households, 37.4% belong to Below the Poverty category.

The respondent households are dependent on a variety of livelihood options. 34% of the adults cultivate crops and nearly 25% each of the adults are dependent on livestock and wage labor respectively. 12% of adults have businesses of their own, while a small percentage (2%) of adults are employed either by government or private firms.

With respect to various districts studied, Agriculture seems to be the choice of highest number of household members in Barmer, Jaisalmer, Nagaur, Shriganganar and Tonk districts, while Wage labour is the choice for Alwar, Dausa and Pali districts. Nagaur has the highest (41%) number of members dependent on agriculture as compared to other districts. Also, in this district the least number of members are dependent on Wage labor (20%) and on salary (3%). In Banswara, highest number of

Table 10: Percentage of household members dependent on various livelihood options

District Agriculture Livestock Wage labor Own business Salaried

Alwar 24 29 36 6 5

Barmer 35 31 24 8 2

Banswara 23 23 22 20 12

Dausa 30 26 32 4 8

Jaisalmer 30 21 28 18 3

Nagaur 41 29 20 3 7

Pali 30 25 33 9 3

Shri Ganga Nagar 33 32 23 11 2

Sirohi 29 22 29 16 4

Tonk 28 27 27 12 6

6Alwar, Barmer, Banswara, Dausa, Jaisalmer, Nagaur, Pali, Shriganganagar, Sirohi, Tonk

34%

25%

27%

12%2%

Agriculture livestock wage labour own business salaried

Figure 1Livelihood portfolio of respondent households

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household members (20% and 12%) are dependent on own business and salary. Also, in this district the least number of households are dependent on agriculture (23%) as compared to other districts. Alwar has the highest (36%) number of household members depending on Wage labor. Less than 5% of the household members are dependent on salaried jobs in Barmer, Jaisalmer, Shriganganagar and Sirohi districts. Banswara has the highest (20%) number of household members dependent on own business, followed by Jaisalmer (18%).

Around 45% of the respondents are from landless households. Among those households who own land, 88% of them are marginal farmers, 7.3% small and rest of them belong to semi medium to medium categories.

9. Study findings:

a. Number of Bank accounts:

Almost all the households (99.06%) have opened at least one account with a bank. This

is on par with the reports of Pradhan

Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana(Yojana 2017),

which reported coverage of 99.9% of

households as on December 2016. In

56.39% of households, all the adults

(18+age) hold accounts8. Out of the total

accounts opened by members of

respondent households, women own

47.6% of the total. Nearly 1.5% of the

households have joint account in addition

to individual accounts. In nearly 88% of

the households, half to more than half of

the adults hold bank accounts. In 5.26% of the households, less than 25% of adults hold

bank accounts. Out of 6721 adults,80% members hold at least one account with any

bank. These account holders operate 7633 accounts indicating 1.42 accounts per

holder.

Bank accounts: Taking in to consideration number of accounts in various districts,

Dausa and Tonk districts have the highest share of 14% and 13% respectively. Though

rest of the districts holds nearly 10% of the total share of accounts, Sirohi and Pali

7 Marginal -less than 1ha, small- 1-2ha, semi medium – 2-4 ha, medium – 4-10 ha and large-above 10ha

816% of the total accounts have been opened for scholarship and could minors open accounts.

S. No Farm category7 Frequency Percent

1 Landless 915 45.4

2 Marginal 967 48.0

3 Small 80 4.0

4 Semi medium 40 2.0

5 Medium 12 0.6

Total 2014 100

Table 11: Farm categories of respondent households

Alwar10%

Barmer9%

Banswara

11%

Dausa14%Jaisalmer

9%Nagaur

9%

Pali7%

Shri gangana

gar11%

Sirohi7%

Tonk13%

Figure 2: district wise share of accounts opened

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districts have the least (7%) share of accounts. In terms of number of accounts per

household, Dausa district

has 2.6 accounts per

household, which is the

highest in the districts

studied, followed by Tonk

which has 2.2 accounts

per household.

In line with distribution of

accounts opened per

district, Pali and Sirohi have only 1.3 accounts per household and are at the bottom of

the list. Number of accounts opened by females out number those opened by males by

20% in Alwar, Pali and Sirohi districts. In Banswara however, both the sexes opened

equal number of accounts. In rest of the districts, accounts opened by females is lesser

than those opened by males by 10% to 20%. In Shriganganagar however, the

difference is 30%, the highest among all the districts studied.

b. Government program under which accounts have been opened:

Taking in to consideration, government program under which accounts have been

opened, 42% of the accountshave been openedunder Bhamashah scheme being

implemented by the

government of Rajasthan for

transfer of benefits. Around

21% of the accounts were

opened for transfer of wages

under MGNREGA. Students

to enable transfer of

scholarships have opened

around 17% of the accounts.

Around 10% of accounts

were opened under Pradhan

Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana and

nearly 9% of accounts were

opened for availing

government pension.

Bhamashah scheme has

been very active in opening

bank accounts of the respondents.

S. No District Acts/hh* S. No District Acts/hh*

1 Dausa 2.6 6 Nagaur 1.7

2 Tonk 2.2 7 Jaisalmer 1.6

3 Banswara 1.9 8 Barmer 1.6

4 Shri Ganganagar 1.9 9 Pali 1.3

5 Alwar 1.8 10 Sirohi 1.3

*Accounts per household

Table 12: Number of accounts per household - District wise

10%

9%

17%

21%

42%

1%

Jandhan Pension Scholarship MGNREGA Bhamashah Others

Table 13: Percentage of accounts opened under various government schemes

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Though financial inclusion program of government of India started in the year 2004,

even after ten years of implementation, only 43%accounts were opened. However, after

Bhamashah was

introduced in the year

2014 along with

Pradhan Mantri Jan

Dhan yojana, 57% of

accounts have been

opened between 2014

and 2016.

In terms of opening of

bank accounts in

various years, districts

such as Alwar,

Jaisalmer, Nagaur, Pali

and Shriganganagar followed an interesting pattern wherein nearly 40% of accounts

were opened from 2004 to 2013 and 50% to 60% accounts were opened between 2014

and 2016. However in Barmer, Banswara and Sirohi higher percentage (70% to 85%) of

accounts were opened during 2014 to 2016.

Contrary to this, in Dausa and Tonk

districts, 34% to 39% of accounts were

opened during 2014 to 2016, while 60% to

65% of the accounts were opened before

2014.

Considering accounts opened under

government programs in various districts,

Barmer, Nagaur and Pali have 79% to 86% of

the accounts opened under Jandhan yojana and Bhamashah yojana. In Barmer 80% of

accounts were opened after 2014 under Bhamashah and Jandhan yojana. In Banswara,

45% of the accounts were opened under Jandhan yojana and Bhamashah after 2014.

Till the year 2013, number of accounts opened by males outnumbered those opened by

females. While the difference was 66.4% between 1980 and 2003, it reduced to 27.4%

between 2004 and 2013. From the year 2014 onwards, due to implementation of

programs such as Bhamashah, which aims at empowering women by facilitating

opening of their accounts and transfer of benefits, number of accounts of females

increased. In the year 2014, number of accounts of females increased by 15.6% over

those of males, which increased to 18.6% in 2015 and 11.6% in 2016.

District Before 2004 2004 to 2013 2014 2015 2016

Alwar 1.49 41.65 22.31 20.66 13.88

Barmer 0.51 17.84 19.90 46.48 15.27

Banswara 0.74 14.88 4.76 58.18 21.43

Dausa 10.21 55.41 17.25 14.82 2.31

Jaisalmer 4.28 39.04 9.09 22.28 25.31

Nagaur 5.03 38.54 23.09 29.86 3.47

Pali 2.34 48.36 9.58 31.31 8.41

Shriganganagar 5.56 39.54 14.05 21.73 19.12

Sirohi 3.14 26.29 24.86 38.86 6.86

Tonk 6.03 55.50 17.02 18.50 2.95

Total 4.26 38.75 15.95 29.33 11.70

Table 14: Account opened – year wise and district wise

Year % Increase of accounts of females over males

1980-2003 -66.4

2004-2013 -27.4

2014 15.6

2015 18.6

2016 11.6

Table 15: Comparison of accounts opened based on gender

15

There seems to be gender equality as far as accounts that have been opened under

Jandhan, NREGA, Pension and scholarship. More number of pension accounts

(56.96%) has been opened for females. In NREGA, more or less equal number of

accounts has

been opened for

males and

females. In

scholarship

accounts

however, more

number of males

(57.3%) have

opened accounts.

Figure 3: Percentage of accounts opened by male and female

c. Purpose for opening of bank accounts:

Around 64% of accounts

have been opened for

transfer of benefits such as

scholarship, pension,

wages etc. Around 31% of

the accounts have been

opened for the purpose of

savings and a small

percentage (3.79%) has

been opened for securing

loans from banks. A very

small percentage (0.15%)

has been opened for the

purpose of remittance.

JandhanNREGA

PensionScholarship

54.450.5

43.04 57.3

45.649.5

56.96 42.7

Male Female

31%

4%

64%

0%1%

Saving Loan Benefit transfer Remittance Others

Table 16: Purpose for bank account opening

16

Table 17: Purpose for opening of accounts - District wise

Taking in to consideration purposes for which people from various districts have opened

accounts, a large majority (85%

to 97%) of accounts have been

opened for benefit transfer and

savings purposes. Banswara

district has highest (85%) number

of accounts that were opened for

benefit transfer alone. Taking in

to consideration purpose for

which accounts have been

opened by males and females,

49% of males have opened accounts for

benefit transfer and 43% have opened for

savings purposes. With respect to

women, majority (81%) of them have

opened accounts for benefit transfer and

only 18% of them have opened accounts

for savings purposes.

d. Member accounts in various Banks:

State Bank of Bikaner and Jaipur is the

most popular bank with 33.46% accounts,

followed by Rajasthan Marudhara gramin

2530

11

48

28

35

26 28

3630

27

16 3 5

1

8

03

68

58

85

39

64

57

72

57 58 57

5 4 47

4 2 27

47

Alwar Barmer Banswara Dausa Jaisalmer Naguar Pali Shri ganga nagar

Sirohi Tonk

Saving Loan Benefit transfer Remittance

S. No Bank %

1 State Bank of Bikaner and Jaipur 33.46

2 Rajasthan Marudhara Gramin Bank 17.78

3 Baroda Rajasthan Kshetriya Gramin Bank 9.63

4 Punjab National Bank 9.42

5 Bank of Baroda 9.26

6 State Bank of India 5.95

7 Oriental Bank of Commerce 3.27

8 Indian Overseas Bank 2.77

9 UCO bank 2.25

10 Cooperative Banks 1.61

11 Other banks 4.60

Total 100.00

Table 19: Most preferred banks

43

7

49

0 118

1

81

0 1

Saving Loan Benefit transfer

Remittance Others

Male Female

Table 18: Account purpose based on gender

17

bank with 17.78% accounts. All the gramin banks put together have 27.40% of the total

accounts. State bank and its associate

bank SBBJ have around 40% of total

accounts.

In terms of preference of various banks

for men and women in terms of opening

a bank account, the difference is very

small. Men seem to prefer SBBJ with

38% of men opening account in this

bank, while 32% of women have an

account with this bank. Women on the

other hand prefer gramin banks with

greater percentage of women (33%)

having accounts in gramin banks when

compared to 26% of men.

e. Avenues for saving:

Banks and SHGs are the most popular avenues for saving and monthly to quarterly is the most popular frequency for saving. 93% of the households save in various financial institutions that provide savings as one of their services. Around 46% of the households save exclusively in banks, 8% in SHGs and 26% of the households save in banks and SHGs as well. Most of the savings in banks are done on a monthly and quarterly basis, while those in SHGs are done on a monthly basis. Also, savings are taken up on a monthly basis by 39% of the households and on a quarterly basis by 16% of them.

# Institution Monthly Quarterly Half yearly Annually Others Total

1 Bank 15 13 10 8 0 46

2 SHG 8 0 0 0 0 8

3 Bank and SHG 10 1 0 0 15 26

4 Cooperative 1 0 0 0 0 1

5 Bank and cooperative 0 0 0 1 2 3

6 Post office 0 0 0 0 0 0

7 Bank and Post office 1 1 0 0 0 3

8 NBFC 0 0 0 0 0 0

9 Chit fund 1 0 0 0 0 1

10 Other 3 1 1 1 7 12

Total 39 16 12 10 24 100

Table 20: Periodicity of savings in various institutions (percentage)

Around 85% of the households save with the help of a pay in slip in a bank branch, whereas, 2.8% use the services of a BC agent. Rest of the account holders utilizes both

38

17

9 10 96

4 3 3 1

32

21

129 10

63 3 2 1

Male Female

Figure 4: Preference of banks among men and women

18

the entities for depositing their savings. Around 46% of the account holders have ATM facility. Though banks are available in only 28% of the villages studied, 80% of the households deposit their savings in banks directly.

When villages with bank branch are compared with those with out bank branches, percentage of households who use services of BC agents both exclusively and along with banks improved significantly. In case of villages without banks, households’ dependent on BC agent

was 3.7% when compared to 0.56% in villages with banks. Similarly, percentage of households dependent on both bank and BC agent increased from 1.3% in villages with banks to 16.5% in villages without banks.

Table 22: Utilization of services of banks and BC agents for savings - district wise

In districts such as Alwar, Jaisalmer and Nagore, almost all the savings transactions happen through bank branch. Though in fairly limited manner, account holders in Pali, Sirohi, Barmer, Dausa and Banswara, people are dependent on BC agents (exclusively) as well. In districts such as Banswara, Barmer, Shriganganagar and Tonk, account holders use the bank branch as well as BC agent for savings transactions.

100

65

47

89

100 100

86

71

9396

0

31

52

10

0 0 1

28

14

04

1 1 0 0

13

17

0

Alwar Barmer Banswara Dausa Jaisalmer Naguar Pali Shriganga nagar

Sirohi Tonk

Bank branch Both BC agent

Village Services used for deposit of savings

Bank Bank +BC agent BC agent

With bank 98.13 1.31 0.56

Without bank 79.7 16.5 3.7

Table 21: Utilization of services of BC agent in villages with and without banks

19

f. Withdrawal of amount deposited in bank:

Withdrawal of amount from the bank using withdrawal slip is the most popular method

with 62.1% of respondents resorting to the same, followed by both bank slip and ATM in

nearly 30% of the respondents.

ATM does not seem to be the most popularmethod for withdrawal of amount from bank as only 2.5% of the respondents are using ATMs alone for withdrawal of amount.

Taking in to consideration district wise data, withdrawal of money through bank slip and ATM are the most popular methods. Withdrawal through bank branch is popular among 75% to 85% of the account holders in Jaisalmer, Nagaur and Pali districts. In these districts, withdrawal of money through ATMs (as well as bank branch) does not seem to be so popular and ranges from 10% to 21%. In districts such as Alwar, Dausa, Shriganganagar and Tonk, usage of ATMs (along with bank branch) seems to be popular with nearly 40% of account holders dependent on ATM in addition to bank for withdrawal.

g. Points of transaction:

With respect to various points in which banking transactions are done by the household members, banking transaction with pay in and withdrawal slips are popular among 58.40% of households. In 22.06% of households, bank branch and ATM are equally

S. No Withdrawal source Percent

1 Bank slip 62.1 2 Bank slip and ATM 29.8

3 ATM only 2.5 4 Bank slip and checkbook 2.0

5 Bank slip, checkbook and ATM 2.0 6 Cheque book 0.1

7 Others 1.5 Total 100.0

Table 23: Avenues for withdrawal of money from bank

57 5561

47

7782

85

50

67

4141

28

37 40

2114

10

40

14

53

1 1 03 1 0 0

5 4 40 1 2

60 1 1

4 2 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 00

15

1 3 1 3 51

13

0

Alwar Barmer Banswara Dausa Jaisalmer Naguar Pali Shri Ganga Nagar

Sirohi Tonk

Bank branch Bank branch and ATM Bank branch and Checkbook

Bank branch, checkbook and ATM Checkbook Other combinations

Table 24: Methods used for withdrawal of money from banks - district wise

20

popular. BC agents (exclusively) are engaged by only 1.05% of the households. In 7.01% of the cases, respondents either use the services of BC exclusively or along with

other options. Hence usage of bank pay in slips and ATM are the most popular points for transacting with banks.

h. Availability of Kisan Credit Cards:

Around 23% of the households have Kisan Credit Card.

Though more than 60% of small, semi medium and medium

farmers hold Kisan Credit Cards, only 22.13% of marginal

farmers (who happen to be 87% of the farmers in the sample)

hold Kisan

Credit Card. Hence higher number of semi medium and

medium farmers hold KCC when compared to marginal

farmers.

Table 27: District wise availability of Kisan Credit Cards

Banswara has the highest number of households with Kisan Credit Cards, followed by

Tonk and Barmer. Pali district has the least number of households with KCCs.

i. Loan outstanding with various agencies:

District Banks SHGs MFIs Cooperative Friends/family Money lenders

PHL* ALO** PHL ALO PHL ALO PHL ALO PHL ALO PHL ALO

S. No Banking services used by household %

1 Bank branch- pay in/withdrawal slip 58.40

2 Bank branch and ATM 22.06

3 Bank branch and BC agent 5.96

4 Other combinations that include a BC agent 4.91

5 ATM only 2.51

6 Bank branch and cheque book 1.65

7 Bank branch, Cheque book, ATM 1.50

8 BC agent 1.05

9 Other combinations 1.95

Table 25: Banking services used by household

Land category % of HHs with KCC

Marginal 22.13

Small 60.00

Semi medium 70.00

Medium 83.33

Total 27.30

Table 26: Availability of KCCs

17

30

37

20

3127

4

23

4

32

Alwar Barmer Banswara Dausa Jaisalmer Naguar Pali Shriganga nagar

Sirohi Tonk

21

Alwar 0.9 200000 5.7 38455 1.0 20501 0.0 0 0.0 45000 0.6 45000

Barmer 2.3 82443 2.8 9841 0.1 0 3.1 35125 6.5 17333 2.9 17333

Banswara 0.0 140286 4.3 53346 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0

Dausa 1.9 36800 4.0 46864 0.0 0 0.8 229733 3.5 150769 3.3 150769

Jaisalmer 0.2 140296 0.9 23792 0.0 10000 0.2 47000 0.5 114600 3.2 114600

Naguar 0.3 319685 1.0 15700 0.0 0 2.2 117000 2.6 100000 3.1 100000

Pali 0.1 204143 5.4 24218 0.0 0 0.2 18200 1.5 49875 2.4 49875

Shri ganga nagar 0.2 107500 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0

Sirohi 0.0 932000 1.9 21250 0.0 0 0.1 24333 1.5 15000 1.1 15000

Tonk 0.2 425000 1.1 25400 0.0 0 1.9 113750 2.2 115714 2.1 115714

Total 6.3 113192 27.2 33174 1.2 17501 8.6 90660 18.5 71609 18.7 87254

Table 28 Percentage of loan outstanding with different agencies - district wise

*Percentage of Households (total) with Loans, **Average Loan outstanding

A total of 80.5% of households have loans outstanding with various agencies. Around 43% of the households have taken loans from formal agencies such as banks, SHGs, MFIS and cooperatives, while 37% have taken loans from informal sources such as moneylenders and friends. Among those households with loan outstanding, 78.27% of households have taken loan from one source, 23.49% from two sources, 4% from three sources and 0.1% from four sources. Average loan outstanding for households who took loans from banks is nearly 1.13 lakhs, which is the highest among all the agencies issuing loans followed by cooperatives with average loan outstanding of Rs. 90,660.

SHGs and MFIs are the other formal sources of funding; the average loan outstanding is very low. However, moneylenders, friends and family who are the informal sources of credit have higher average loan outstanding of Rs. 87,254 and Rs. 71609 respectively indicating higher need for credit by various households and the inability/inaccessibility of formal agencies to cater to the same.

Taking in to consideration district wise data, Barmer and Dausa are the only districts with more than one loan per household. These districts respectively have 1.7 and 1.4 loans per household. A large percentage of household in Banswara (43% of the total households studied in the district) have loans outstanding with SHGs. Except for another 1% of the households studied in the district having outstanding with banks, households in this district do not have loans outstanding with other agencies. Similar is the case with Shri Ganganagar, wherein except for 2% of the households, which have loans outstanding with banks, no other household has any loan outstanding.

District HHs with loan outstanding (As % of HHs in district)

Alwar 83

Barmer 175

Banswara 44

Dausa 136

Jaisalmer 51

Naguar 92

Pali 97

Shriganga nagar 3

Sirohi 48

Tonk 74

Table 29: Loans outstanding - As percentage of households in various districts

22

j. Benefit transfer:

Around 65% of households have accessed NREGA payment through bank accounts and 42% of households have availed subsidy for gas cylinders. Benefits provided under Bhamashah scheme were availed by 44% of the households and pension was availed by

24% of the households. Almost all the households studied in Banswara have availed payments under NREGA and have accessed benefits under Bhamashah scheme. Similar is the case with Barmer, wherein all the households have availed payment sunder NREGA.

k. Insurance:

Overall, 24.2% of the account holders have used insurance service provided by banks. In Barmer district, 46.5% of the households have accessed insurance, followed by Dausa district wherein 44% of the households have accessed the service. In Banswara, the least number of households have accessed insurance service.

10. Conclusion:

Only 28% of the villages studied had banks. In villages with less than 2000 population,

only 15%9 had banks. Similarly, in case of villages with 20001-10000 population10 and

more than 10,000 population, 34% and 83% of the total villages had banks

(respectively). In 29% of the villages studied, there was no bank branch either within the

9as percent of total villages in that particular category

10Population as quoted by the respondents

District NREGA Pension Gas subsidy

Jandhan Bhamashah Scholarship

Alwar 2.9 3.0 4.4 0.3 2.0 0.3

Barmer 9.8 2.3 4.6 0.6 8.4 0.0

Banswara 9.5 2.2 1.1 5.5 10.7 0.0

Dausa 4.3 2.1 6.8 1.5 3.6 0.3

Jaisalmer 8.8 2.0 4.0 0.7 3.1 0.0

Naguar 7.7 2.7 2.2 0.1 1.1 0.0

Pali 2.9 1.8 3.8 1.2 7.3 0.0

Shri Ganga nagar 5.4 1.6 5.4 0.5 1.6 0.0

Sirohi 6.1 2.4 3.4 0.9 4.2 0.0

Tonk 8.0 3.8 6.1 0.5 2.0 0.0

Total (%) 65.5 23.9 41.7 11.8 43.9 0.8

Table 30: Benefits availed under various schemes (As percentage of total number of households studied)

Table 31: Insurance service availed by households in various districts (as % of households per district)

S. No District HH (%) S. No District HH(%)

1 Alwar 11.4 6 Naguar 29.1

2 Barmer 46.5 7 Pali 13.5

3 Banswara 6.1 8 Shri Ganga nagar 23.9

4 Dausa 44.3 9 Sirohi 8.5

5 Jaisalmer 31.4 10 Tonk 27.0

Total 24.2

23

village or within five kilometers from the village. Similarly, 9% of the total villages studied

do not have any bank branch within their village or within ten kilometers from their

village. It is to be noted that 11% of the villages, which do not have any bank branch

within 10km from their village, have more than 10,000 residents. Hence not all villages

with more than 10,000 populations have banks in the state. Also, there are differences

in terms of banking infrastructure across the geographical regions. Irrespective of

population of the villages, none of the villages studied in Barmer and Sirohi had banks.

On the contrary, districts such as Pali and Dausa, have the highest (75% and 67%

respectively) number of villages with banks. Hence, availability of banks is highly

variable based on the geographical and other related aspects of the district and the

state does not seem to maintain uniformity in this regard. In villages without a bank

branch with in five-kilometer radius, 7% have post offices within the village and 55% of

them have post offices within five kilometers from their village.

Almost all the households (99.06%) have opened at least one account with a bank. In

56% of the households, all adult hold bank accounts. In spite of unavailability of banks

in all the villages, all the districts have more than one account per household. Dausa

district has 2.6 accounts per household, which is the highest, and Pali and Sirohi have

only 1.3 accounts per household and are at the bottom of the list.

The financial inclusion program of government of India started in the year 2004 and

even after ten years of implementation, only 43% accounts were opened. However,

after Bhamashah was introduced in the year 2014 along with Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan

yojana, 57% of accounts have been opened between 2014 and 2016.

Women own 48% of the total account opened and hence display gender balance. In

Alwar, Pali and Sirohi districts accounts opened by females are 20% higher than those

opened by males. In Banswara, accounts opened by males and females are almost

equal, while in rest of the districts, accounts opened by females are lesser than those

opened by males by 10% to 30%. Till the year 2013, number of accounts opened by

males outnumbered those opened by females. While the difference was 66.4% between

1980 and 2003, it reduced to 27.4% between 2004 and 2013. From the year 2014

onwards, due to implementation of programs such as Bhamashah, number of accounts

of females increased. In the year 2014, number of accounts of females increased by

15.6% over those of males, which increased to 18.6% in 2015 and to 11.6% in 2016.

There seems to be gender equality as far as accounts that have been opened under

Jandhan, NREGA, Pension and scholarship. More number of pension accounts

(56.96%) has been opened for females. In NREGA, more or less equal number of

accounts has been opened for males and females. In scholarship accounts however,

more number of males (57.3%) have opened accounts

24

A large percentage (64%) of accounts have been opened for transfer of benefits such

as scholarship, pension, wages etc. Around 31% of the accounts have been opened for

the purpose of savings and a small percentage (3.79%) has been opened for securing

loans from banks. State Bank of Bikaner and Jaipur is the most popular bank with

33.46% accounts, followed by Rajasthan Marudhara gramin bank with 17.78%

accounts.

Banks and SHGs are the most popular avenues for saving and monthly to quarterly is

the most popular frequency for saving. 93% of the households save in various financial

institutions that provide savings as one of their services. Around 46% of the households

save exclusively in banks, 8% in SHGs and 26% of the households save in banks and

SHGs as well. Around 85% of the households save with the help of a pay in slip in a

bank branch, whereas, 2.8% use the services of a BC agent. Rest of the account

holders utilizes both the entities for depositing their savings. Around 46% of the account

holders have ATM facility. Though banks are available in only 28% of the villages

studied, 80% of the households deposit their savings in banks directly.

Availing services of BC agents is slightly higher in villages without banks. In case of

villages without banks, households’ dependent on BC agent was 3.7% when compared

to 0.56% in villages with banks. Similarly, percentage of households dependent on both

bank and BC agent increased from 1.3% in villages with banks to 16.5% in villages

without banks.

Withdrawal of amount from the bank using withdrawal slip is the most popular method

with 62.1% of respondents resorting to the same, followed by both bank slip and ATM in

nearly 30% of the respondents. ATM does not seem to be the most popular method for

withdrawal of amount from bank as only 2.5% of the respondents are using ATMs alone

for withdrawal of amount.

Around 23% of the households have Kisan Credit Card. Though more than 60% of

small, semi medium and medium farmers hold Kisan Credit Cards, only 22.13% of

marginal farmers (who happen to be 87% of the farmers in the sample) hold Kisan

Credit Card. Hence higher number of semi medium and medium farmers hold KCC

when compared to marginal farmers.

A total of 80.5% of households have loans outstanding with various agencies. Around

43% of the households have taken loans from formal agencies such as banks, SHGs,

MFIs and cooperatives, while 37% have taken loans from informal sources such as

moneylenders and friends. Amount outstanding with friends, family and money lenders

25

is as high as Rs.80,000 indicating high level of credit need that could not be met by

formal financial agencies.

26

11. Annexure

Annexure-1: District wise samples collected

S. No District No of samples

%

1 Alwar 202 9.7

2 Barmer 202 9.7

3 Banswara 198 9.5

4 Dausa 201 9.6

5 Jaisalmer 204 9.7

6 Nagaur 203 9.7

7 Pali 200 9.6

8 Shriganganagar

201 9.6

9 Sirohi 199 9.5

10 Tonk 204 9.7

Total 2014 100

27

Annexure-2: Village wise samples

S. No

Village Frequency Percent

1 10/8 SHPD 20 1

2 5 SD 21 1

3 AALURA 20 1

4 AFARI KHERA 20 1

5 BAPI 20 1

6 BARAGAON 20 1

7 BASANTGHAR 20 1

8 BHAWTA 20 1

9 BHIKHODAI 20 1

10 BHIMANA 20 1

11 BIJAPUR 20 1

12 BIMRA 20 1

13 BIRMANA 20 1

14 BISALPUR 20 1

15 CHAINPURA 20 1

16 CHEEBI 20 1

17 CHHOTA RUJIYA 20 1

18 CHOMA 20 1

19 CHOROHI PAHARI 21 1

20 DANPURA 20 1

21 Dharmpur 20 1

22 DIDANIYA 20 1

23 DUTTWASS 20 1

24 GANESH PURA 20 1

25 GANGAPUR 20 1

26 GHARAT 20 1

27 GHATIYA 21 1

28 GHEGHOLI 20 1

29 GORIYA 20 1

28

30 GOTIYA 18 0.9

31 GUNSI 20 1

32 HARI SINGH PURA 20 1

33 JANEWA 20 1

34 JANNKI DASS 20 1

35 JNAPUR 20 1

36 JOPARA 19 0.9

37 KAHATU KALAN 21 1

38 KALAKHO 20 1

39 KANGSIYA 20 1

40 KAPOORDI 21 1

41 KELAWA 20 1

42 KERALA 20 1

43 KERWA JAT 20 1

44 KHANDEVAT 20 1

45 KHELANA 22 1.1

46 KHIYALA 20 1

47 KISHANPURA 20 1

48 KOLU 20 1

49 KOYALWAS 20 1

50 KRALIYA 20 1

51 KRERA 22 1.1

52 KRIRIYA 21 1

53 KUNDAL 62 3

54 KUSIYA 20 1

55 LALPURA 20 1

56 LALWARI 20 1

57 LATADA 20 1

58 LUNSRA 20 1

59 MADHUWAL 21 1

60 MANGLOAID 20 1

61 MATA SUKH 20 1

62 MEGH WALO KI DHANI

20 1

63 MUNDARA 20 1

64 NAGAL BAIRASI 19 0.9

65 NAGLI MEGHA 20 1

66 NARIYA 20 1

67 NARKA 20 1

68 PADAMPURA 20 1

69 PAHAR KALA 20 1

70 PANNA PUR 22 1.1

71 PIPERAN 20 1

29

72 POOTHI 21 1

73 PUROHITO KI BASTI 21 1

74 RADHA GOVIND PURA

21 1

75 RAHOLI 20 1

76 RAIYA WALI 20 1

77 RAJGHAR 20 1

78 RAM DEVRA 21 1

79 RANG MAHAL 20 1

80 ROOP JI KA KHERA 17 0.8

81 RUNIYA 20 1

82 SAGOLI 21 1

83 SAITHLA 21 1

84 SAKRA 21 1

85 SARDARPURA (LADANA)

20 1

86 SHAJPURA 20 1

87 SIVERA 19 0.9

88 SIYAGO KI DHANI 20 1

89 SURAJPURA 20 1

90 TEKRA 20 1

91 TELPURA 20 1

92 TNNI 20 1

93 UJALO 20 1

94 UNDRA 20 1

95 VAMANI KHERA 20 1

96 VEERPUR 20 1

97 VEERWARA 20 1

98 WARGUN 20 1

Total 2014 100

30

Annexure-3: Age categories of respondents

Age (years)

Frequency Percent

< 20 62 3.1

20 – 25 234 11.6

26 – 31 320 15.9

32 – 37 324 16.1

38 – 43 322 16.0

44 – 49 234 11.6

50 – 55 238 11.8

56 – 61 126 6.3

62 – 67 95 4.7

68 – 73 45 2.2

74 – 79 6 0.3

80+ 8 0.4

Total 2014 100

31

Annexure-4: Size of households studied

S. No HH size (No of members) Frequency Percent

1 Small (<=5) 1137 54.3

2 Medium (6 to 10) 813 38.8

3 Large (11 to 15) 53 2.5

4 Very large (16+) 11 0.5

5 Missing 79 3.8

Total 2093 100