"Final Green Presentation"

Innovation, Entrepreneurship

and Green Economy

Dr. Promod VohraDeanCollege of Engineering and engineering technologyNorthern Illinois university

Innovation: New way of doing things..

Why Innovate ?Who Innovates ?Catalysts of Innovation?Product Innovation Vs. Process Innovation

Innovation and Outcomes?

Why are we here?Competitiveness ?Global Opportunities and Challenges?Reengineering the way we do business?Developing Partnerships with leverage?Engage in a community dialog?Economic Development?

INNOVATION

Managing InnovationChange

OwnershipParticipativeValue AddedSupport for Change

Sustaining Innovation (resource allocation and upkeep)Training and Academic AdvancementInstitutional Climate

Evaluating Innovation (continuous improvement)Protecting Innovation (intellectual property)

Innovation and InventionInvention is the first occurrence of an idea

for a new product or process where innovation is the first attempt to carry it into practice (Fagerberg, 2004)

Road map from Invention to Innovation is the key to US manufacturing survival in the current decade

Every Creative Idea must be considered as a potential seed for Innovation and nurtured for viability

Goals of Innovation (wikipedia)

Improved QualityCreation of New MarketsExpansion of Product LineOptimization and Cost EffectivenessProduction ImprovementReduced MaterialsEnvironmental ImpactOptimum Inventory ControlEnergy ConsumptionCompliance Issues

Failure of Innovation (O’Sullivan 2002, wikipedia)

Poor LeadershipPoor OrganizationPoor CommunicationPoor EmpowermentPoor Resource ManagementPromotion of CreativityLack of Incentives Non-existent Institutional Culture

Globalization and InnovationPerspective

Challenges

Opportunities

Small and medium sized CompaniesLimitation of ResourcesNecessity of LeveragePower of CollaborationSupply Chain Strategies

What is Entrepreneurship?An entrepreneur is a person who has possession over a

company, enterprise, or venture, and assumes significant accountability for the inherent risks and the outcome. The term is a loanword from French and was first defined by the Irish economist Richard Cantillon. ...en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Entrepreneurship is the practice of starting new organizations or revitalizing mature organizations, particularly new businesses generally in ...en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entrepreneurship

the art or science of innovation and risk-taking for profit in business; the quality of being an entrepreneuren.wiktionary.org/wiki/entrepreneurship

entrepreneur - someone who organizes a business venture and assumes the risk for it wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn

Entrepreneurship

EntrepreneurshipTo create and do something unique and newStimulant to new WealthCreator of new SolutionsOut of the Box Thinking

Myths of Entrepreneurship (http://blog.guykawasaki.com/2008/01It takes a lot of money to finance a new

businessVCs are a good place to startBanks do not lend money to start upsMost entrepreneurs start business in

attractive industriesStarting a business is easy……

Suggestions for IndustriesCross TrainingContinuous LearningEducation and AwarenessInvestment in PeopleInvestment in FutureProtection of IPCommercialization of IPEfficiency of R&DPotential Partnerships

Suggestions (contd.)Operations AssessmentReduction In costsEnergy Conservation

UtilizationManufacturingComputing ResourcesInnovation

EnergyPolitical Buzz WorldAddressable IssuePossible BenefitsInnovativeEntrepreneurship Opportunities…

Green Revolution

A total of 31 coastal cities, towns and areas were studied: Atlantic City, NJ, Boston, MA, Brigantine, NJ, CapeCoral, FL, Coronado, CA, Cypress Lake, FL, East Boston, MA, Fort Lauderdale, FL, Foster City, CA, Freeport, TX,Galveston, TX, Hampton, VA, Hollywood, FL, Honolulu, HI, Lavalette/Dover Beaches, NJ, Marina Del Ray/Santa Monica, CA, Miami, FL, Miami Beach, FL, Naples/East Naples, FL, Newport Beach, CA, New Orleans, LA,New York City, NY, Oakland Airport, CA, Point Pleasant, NJ, Point Shirley, MA, Port Aransas, TX, San Diego,CA, San Francisco, CA, Savannah, GA, Seattle, WA and Silverton Area, NJ.

53 percent of all Americans live in and around coastal cities and towns.

From NASA on the East Coast to Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory on the West Coast, indicates that, at approximately 450 parts per million (ppm) carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere (a greenhouse gas), we will reach a tipping point and trigger “dangerous climate change”

Concentrations of CO2 currently at 383 ppm, the planet is now approximately 0.8 °C warmer than pre-industrial levels.

Concentrations of 450 ppm corresponds to approximately 2 °C global warming above pre-industrial levels

A Sample prediction

Aerial view of Boston, Massachusetts at about 3m sea- level rise

U. S Energy Consumption U.S Electricity Consumption

There has been a misconception that transportation has been the major contribution for Green House Gases (GHG) .

Data from the US Energy Information Administration illustrates that buildings are responsible for almost half (48%) of all energy consumption and GHG emissions annually;

Seventy-six percent (76%) of all power plant-generated electricity is used just to operate buildings

Green architecture objectivesMinimize energy consumption inside the

buildings.Utilizing alternate resources for building

operations.Replacing fossil based power with renewable

sources of energy.

Air SealingPreventing unwanted

heat transfer due to leakages inside the building by sealing.

Provide controlled ventilation as needed to maintain indoor air quality

Proper InsulationProvide proper insulation

in the walls, roof and floors

Insulation reduces heat transfer between indoor and outdoor environments

Reducing Electricity consumption for cooling and heating equipment

Passive SolarUtilizing thermal

radiation and material properties, to effectively heat spaces with little or no need for backup fossil-fuel-consuming mechanical equipment.

Proper orientation to the south

Effective glazing-to-thermal mass ratios

Suitable insulation and appropriate overhangs.

Day lightingPlacing glazing in key

locations

Utilizing shading devices can permit light without considerable heat gain

Reduces the demand of electrical lighting

Natural Ventilation

Utilizing natural wind currents and convection to cool spaces

Reducing cooling load

Operable windows, fans and corridors are various design strategies

Landscaping

Planting deciduous trees around buildings prevents unwanted summer sun and lets winter sun after leaves fall in autumn.

Planting green-roof acts as an insulation as well as reduces surface temperature

Material SelectionReducing the embodied

energy in the building by choosing materials with low embodied energy and better properties.

Embodied energy is energy used in production of a particular material.

Need for Green Energy technologiesWal-Mart is investing a half billion dollars

to reduce the energy consumption and CO2 emissions of their existing buildings by 20% over the next seven years.

The CO2 emissions from only one medium-sized coal-fired power plant, in just one month of operation each year, would negate this entire effort.

Solar Water-Heating systems

Forty percent of building energy consumption is utilized in heating water.

Reducing this load using solar water heating systems.

Generally used are Flat panel collectors(66% to 83% efficient) or evacuated tube collectors(64 to 84% efficient)

Photovoltaic systems

Photovoltaic panels convert solar energy to electrical energy.

Energy from these systems could be utilized or stored.

Wind energy systems

Mechanical rotation of turbines is converted to electrical energy.

One of the most cost-effective and eco-friendly approach

Like photovoltaic, energy from wind turbines could also be stored.

Biomass & Bio-fuelsBiofuels are such as bioethanol, biobutanol, biodiesel

and biogas.

Biofuels can be produced from switchgrass, hemp, corn, poplar, willow, and sugarcane.

Energy from combustion of these bio-fuels could also be stored.

The new plants grown for production of bio-fuels can absorb the carbon produced by the burning of the old plants. Thus, maintaining an eco-balance.

Economic feasibilityIn a case study of about 120 green buildings

all over the world today.o The Average cost/sq. ft. for :

A LEED silver level building is about $110-$130/sq.ft A LEED Gold level building is about $220-$250/sq.ft A LEED Platinum level building is about $330 - $500 /sq.ft

LEED: Leadership in Energy and Environmental DesignSources; “Nation Under Siege: Sea Level Rise at Our Doorstep,” by Edward Mazria and Kristina Kershner of The 2030 Research Group, 2007.

Green Jobs

A job focused on investigating uses for renewable energy sources, including biomass, wind, solar and geothermal power (Source: U.S. Dept. of Energy National Renewable Energy Laboratory).

A job requiring skill in energy efficiency and renewable energy installations, and/or a job that produces clean energy and technologies, as well as energy-efficient components or end products that result in residential and commercial energy savings and, ideally, industry revenue (Source: U.S. Dept. of Labor Employment and Training Administration).

Study of alternative energy sources as a way to create cleaner technology:The Dept. of Energy’s National Renewable Energy

Lab (NREL) is developing technology that would create ethanol from cellulose and hemi-cellulose, the fibrous material that makes up the bulk of most plant matter. The ethanol would be mainly used as a blending agent with gasoline, increasing the octane and cutting down carbon monoxide and other emissions (Source: NREL).

Ethanol made from cellulose has the potential to cut life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions by up to 86 percent relative to gasoline (Source: U.S. Dept. of Energy).

Partnership with the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), the EPA’s Environment Engineering Research Division (EERD) and the EPA’s Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics – Chemical Engineering Branch (OPPT-ChE):Program sought to change how process and product

design is undertaken. Focused on three main areas: Developing a plan to evaluate commercial value and

feasibility of new green engineering and green chemistry advancements.

Developing tools and methods that support sustainable manufacturing processes and products.

Promoting these concepts and their life-cycle to various stakeholders (Source: EPA Green Engineering).

Partnership with the EPA offices and the AIChE seeks to accelerate acceptance and use of those three emphases across a wide area of industry (Source: EPA Green Engineering).

On a smaller scale: Chad Joshi, a mechanical engineering graduate from Worcester Polytechnic Institute, is co-owner of Owl Power Co., Inc., a “co-generation system that turns used vegetable oil into electric power.” The company uses an internal combustion engine to create electricity from vegetable oil (WPI’s “Transformations”).

In higher education, “green” initiatives, such as the American College & University Presidents Climate Commitment (ACUPCC), which addresses global warming by “garnering institutional commitments … to accelerate the research and educational efforts of higher education to equip society to re-stabilize the earth’s climate,” foster growth of sustainable facilities (Source: College Planning and Management, April 2009).

The 2030 Challenge encourages “public commitment to move toward addressing global warming by designing smarter, more efficient buildings (Source: CP&M, April 2009).

• Sustainable manufacturing, materials/waste management, transportation, water management, construction/skilled trades, government oversight (U.S. Dept. of Labor Employment and Training Administration's “Framework for Action”).

• Sustainable supply chains that improve workers’ lives and develop green practices in every aspect, from package delivery to waste removal (Discussed at Green Jobs Conference 2009, with International Labor Rights Forum, Coalition for Clean Air, and Consumers Union).

Alternative energy, such as jobs that create wind turbines and solar panels.The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act,

signed into law February 2009, includes funds for wind and solar energy investments, as well as for improving energy efficiency in schools and federal buildings (Source: College Planning & Management, April 2009).

Small-scale (Source: U.S. Green Building Council):Switch to compact florescent bulbs.Invest in a programmable thermostat to reduce

output when not needed throughout the day.Plug air leaks around doors, windows and other

areas of the buildingTune up the heating and cooling (HVAC) system.Use paints and cleaning products that don’t give off

volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to improve indoor air quality.

Large-scale (Source: McGraw-Hill Construction)Replace a building’s HVAC system, and rebalance

and rezone areas of the building.Install solar-electric or other renewable energy

systems to power the building.Install daylight sensors to regulate the amount of

electricity used for lighting based on the amount of sunlight coming through the windows, as the Alliance for Sustainable Colorado has done (Source: Alliance for Sustainable Colorado).

Large-scale (Source: College Planning & Management, April 2009)Daylighting: Creating building designs that

incorporate natural light. Includes traditional methods, such as skylights and

standard windows, and recent innovations, such as new glazing and window framing materials.

Reduces need for artificial lighting, and according to the U.S. Department of Energy, for the same amount of light, it produces less waste heat than electric lights.

Building orientation and treatments, automated lighting and shading controls, and selection of construction materials can help avoid potential challenges of allowing natural light into interior spaces without creating excessive heat gain or loss.

Large-scale (Source: College Planning & Management, April 2009)Alternative construction plans

Rather than constructing a building in multiple phases, the structure’s “core and shell” are built, along with part of the planned interior space; this allows quicker usability and enables an efficient building process.

Water conservation Design buildings to collect and reuse rainwater for

needs such as landscaping, and install water-conserving fixtures and systems in restrooms and locker rooms.

Worcester Polytechnic Institute is working to LEED-certify its buildings. LEED, or the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, is a “national rating system by the U.S. Green Building Council for developing high-performance, sustainable buildings” (Source: WPI’s “Transformations”).WPI planted 10,000 seedlings on top of one its

buildings, creating natural thermal insulation and storm water filtration, and allowing students to study storm water quality and flow (Source: “Transformations”).

The school has also installed solar panels to light walkways, instituted paperless billing and begun recycling food to use at local hog farms (Source: “Transformations”).

Cross-training is nearly inevitable in many fields, since some of the areas emerging the strongest in “green-collar” development are already well-established blue- and white-collar fields.Workers in construction and skilled trades could use

their skills to retrofit existing buildings – especially in the current economy, when fewer new residential and commercial buildings are being built (Source: U.S. Dept. of Labor Employment and Training Administration's “Framework for Action”).

Waste management, supply chain and manufacturing, and others can all be made “green-collar” (“Framework for Action”).

In 2004, the Manufacturing Systems Research Group of the NIU College of Engineering & Engineering Technology received a $100,000 grant from the Illinois Dept. of Natural Resources to study “green” manufacturing.

CEET received a $1 million grant from the Department of Energy, in part to study ways to improve fuel efficiency of locomotives, and has partnered with Norfolk-Southern Railroad.

NIU has established the Task Force on Sustainable Campus Environment to promote “environmental responsibility and innovation throughout the institution, including its curricula, policies, operational practices and external ties.”

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The Grill House Restaurant and

Banquet HallLocation:

Alegan, MISize:

12,000 Sq.ft.

TAILS Humane Society

Location: DeKalb, IL

Size: 7,500 Sq.ft.

Colonial Coach LinesLocation:

Mt. Prospect, ILSize: 7,500 Sq.ft.

Virginia Commonwealth

UniversityLocation:

Richmond, VA


Additional TST Properties

Greening of City Buildings in Chicago Project

Thank you and Best Wishes…..

"Final Green Presentation"

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