Final Exam (S2)Unified ScienceMs. Phillips

Which of the following items are true about testing materials:

0Materials must be available or attainable0Materials must be approved by the

teacher0Use of materials must be supervised by

a qualified adult0Materials must be safe to use0All of the above

Which of the following items are true about subjects for inquiries:

0Subjects can only be people0Human subjects must volunteer, must be

available to participate, must understand what they will be expected to do and must be allowed to stop participating at any time.0Science studies must be approved by the

science board of directors0All of the above0None of the above

Which of the following items are true about scientific observations:

0Involves the five (5) senses 0Observations can be objective or

subjective0Observations trigger the question

that leads to an inquiry0All of the above are correct0Observations only happen in

laboratories

What is the maximum number of test subjects that can be used in a scientific inquiry?

0There is no maximum number0There must be at least 50 test subjects to

have accurate data.0High school students can have tests in

many subjects in the same day.0There are only 3 variables used in a

scientific inquiry.0Test subjects cannot be numbered.

Which of the following items are true about inquiry procedures:

0Procedures must give specific step-by-step instructions about how the study is tested from beginning to conclusion 0Procedures are required for others to

repeat the study0Procedures must be clearly worded and

easy to follow0All of the above0None of the above

Which of the following answers explains the difference between objective and

subjective observations:0Objective observations are based on opinion and

subjective observations are based on facts. 0Objective observations have specific math equations

involved and are hard to describe.0Subjective observations are only done in a library with

reference books that are organized alphabetically by subject.

0Subjective observations are based on opinion and objective observations are based on facts.

0Objective observations can be done with a computer and have pictures of the things that you are researching.

In a scientific inquiry, the item or idea that you are testing with the inquiry is called the __________.

0Unknown variable 0Independent variable0Control variable0Dependent variable0Missing variable

What is the minimum number of research subjects that should be used in an inquiry?

0Three 0Five0Twenty0There is no minimum number0None of the above

Which of the following items are true about a valid hypothesis:

0The materials and subjects needed to test the hypothesis must be available to you or must be obtainable. 0The hypothesis must be testable. (can be

proven to be right or wrong)0The hypothesis must clearly answer

your research question.0The hypothesis must be stated in the

“If…Then…Because” format.0All of the above

Which of the following items are true about research questions:

0the question must be answerable, researchable and logical. 0research questions are developed as the

result of an observation 0it must be worded as a question that

can only be answered with “yes” or “no”0all of the above are true0none of the above are true

The primary source of energy for the Earth’s atmosphere is:

0Energy from within the Earth 0The Sun0 Erupting Volcanoes0Lightning discharges associated

with Thunderstorms.0Latent heat released during the

formation of hurricanes

The most abundant gases in the Earth’s atmosphere by volume are:

0Oxygen and helium 0Oxygen and water vapor0Nitrogen and oxygen0Oxygen and ozone0Carbon dioxide and nitrogen

Water vapor is:

0A gas0A cloud droplet0A rain drop0A snowflake0none of the above

The only substance near the Earth’s surface that is found naturally in the atmosphere as a solid, liquid and a gas:

0carbon dioxide0water0molecular oxygen0ozone0carbon

The most abundant gas emitted from volcanoes is:

0nitrogen 0sulfur dioxide0helium0carbon dioxide0water vapor

The atmospheric layer in which we live is called the:

0Troposphere 0Stratosphere0Thermosphere0Ionosphere0Exosphere

A change of one degree on the Celsius scale is __________ a change of one degree on the Fahrenheit scale.

0larger than0equal to 0unrelated to0in the opposite direction of0smaller than

The temperature scale that sets freezing of pure water at 32 F: ⁰

0Kelvin 0Fahrenheit0Celsius0British0Foreign

Heat is energy in the processor being transferred from:

0hot objects to cold objects 0low pressure to high pressure0cold objects to hot objects0high pressure to low pressure0regions of low density toward

regions of high density.

When water changes from a liquid to a vapor, we call this process:

0freezing 0condensation0sublimation0evaporation0deposition

Which of the following is the poorest conductor of heat?

0Water 0Ice0Snow0Soil0Still Air

A heat transfer process in the atmosphere that depends upon the movement of air is:

0conduction0convection0absorption0reflection0radiation

In the Northern Hemisphere, this day has the fewest hours of daylight __________.

0summer solstice0vernal equinox0autumnal equinox0winter solstice0none of the above

Where are the days and nights of equal length all year long?

0at the equator0at 66.5º0at 23.5º0nowhere 0all of the above

Treatment for Seasonal Affective Disorder generally involves increased exposure to __________.

0carbon dioxide0dihydrogen monoxide0sunlight0water vapor0gluten

For maximum winter warmth, in the Northern Hemisphere, large windows in a house should face __________.

0north0east0west0northeast0south

Our seasons are caused by _______.0the changing distance between

the Earth and the Sun0the length of the daylight hours0the angle at which sunlight

reaches the Earth0all of the above0The length of the daylight hours

and the angle at which sunlight reaches the Earth

Which of the following can be used as a method of protecting an orchard from damaging low temperatures during a radiation inversion?

0orchard heaters0irrigation (cover the

area with water) 0wind machines0all of the above0none of the above

As the air temperature increases, the air’s capacity for water vapor:

0increases 0decreases0remains constant0is unrelated to air

temperature and can either increase or decrease.0All of the above

If all the water vapor in the atmosphere were to condense and fall to the ground, the globe would be covered with about __________ of water.

01 millimeter01 inch01 foot01 meter01 mile

The Gulf Coast states are more humid in summer than the coastal areas of southern California mainly because of the:

0low relative humidity of the air over the Pacific Ocean

0higher air temperature in the Gulf States0lower air temperature in Southern

California0higher water temperature in the Gulf of

Mexico0air pollution in Southern California

Dew is most likely to form on:

0clear, calm nights0cloudy, calm nights0clear, windy nights0cloudy, windy nights0rainy nights

Which cloud is LEAST likely to produce precipitation that reaches the ground?

0stratus 0nimbostratus0cumulonimbus0cirrocumulus0all of the above

Light or moderate-but-steady precipitation is most often associated with _____________ clouds.

0nimbostratus 0cirrostratus0cirrocumulus0cumulonimbus0none of the above

A knowledge of air stability is important because:

0it determines the direction of movement of storms 0it determines the vertical

motion of air0it determines the movement

of high pressure areas 0it determines seasonal

weather patterns 0none of the above

Which cloud type below would most likely form an unstable atmosphere?

0cumulus humilis0stratus0cirrostratus0nimbostratus0cumulonimbus

The vertical motion of air caused by sun heating the ground is called:

0convection 0orographic lifting0subsidence0convergence0deportation

When only ice crystals exist in a cloud, the cloud is said to be:

0frozen 0frigid0glaciated0supercooled0supersaturated

The growth of a precipitation particle by the collision of an ice crystal (or snowflake) with a supercooled liquid droplet is called:

0miraculous0accretion0spontaneous nucleation0condensation0deposition

A light shower of snow that falls intermittently from cumuliform clouds for a short duration is known as:

0snow flurries0a snow squall0virga0a cloud burst0a fall streak

If the Earth’s gravitational force were to increase, atmospheric pressure at the ground would:

0remain the same0decrease0increase 0divide0cause the universe to

expand vertically

Which of the following instruments measures pressure?

0thermometer0radiometer0hygrometer0densitometer0barometer

FA03/S2/05-07

The mercury barometer was invented by:

0Galileo Galilei 0Evangelista Torricelli0Sir Isaac Newton0James Watt0Vincent van Gogh

FA03/S2/05-07

Lines connecting points of equal pressure are called:

0millibars0contours0isotherms0isobars0a coordinate grid

The “force exerted on an object equals its mass times the acceleration produced” is a description of:

0Buys-Ballot’s law0the isobaric law0hydrostatic equilibrium0a biology question0Newton’s second law of

motion

The __________ is an apparent force created by the Earth’s rotation.

0pressure gradient force0Coriolis Effect 0centripetal force0gravitational force0empire force

The friction of fluid flow is called:

0viscosity 0compression0convergence0shear0inertia

Surface winds are generally strongest and most gusty:

0in the early morning0around midnight0in the afternoon0just after sunset0just before sunrise

An instrument used to measure wind speed is called a (an):

0sphygmomanometer0anemometer0ceilometer0psychrometer0tachometer

The jet stream flows:

0directly from west to east0directly from east to west0from the equator toward the poles0in a wavy pattern from west to east0in a variety of directions depending

on airplane traffic

During a major El Niño event:0Peruvian fishermen harvest a record

number of fish near Christmas time.0extensive ocean warming occurs over the tropical Pacific0the Northeast trade winds increase in strength0California experiences severe drought conditions0refugees from costal countries enter the United States illegally

The majority of the United States lies within this wind belt:

0westerlies0easterlies0northerlies0trades0southerlies

An air mass is characterized by similar properties of ________ and ________ in any horizontal direction.

0temperature, pressure0pressure, moisture0temperature, moisture0winds, moisture0poverty, uninvited guests

Fronts are associated with:

0poor self-esteem0negative feedback0high pressure0political pressure0low pressure

In winter, thunderstorms are most likely to form along:

0warm fronts0stationary fronts0cold fronts0occluded fronts0cornfields

The development or strengthening of a middle latitude storm system is called:

0cyclogenesis0convergence0divergence0frontolysis0transparency

An upper-level pool of cold air that has broken away

from the main flow is called:

0a shortwave 0a wave cyclone0a lee-side low0a cut-off low0a tragedy

Developing low pressure areas generally have _____ air near the surface and _____ air aloft.

0diverging, converging0converging, diverging0converging, converging0diverging, diverging0conducting, convecting

The least accurate forecast method of predicting the weather two days into the future during changeable weather conditions usually is the:

0trend method0prediction by weather types0persistence forecast0numerical weather prediction0analogue method

A weather warning indicates that:

0the atmospheric conditions are favorable for hazardous weather over a particular region

0hazardous weather is likely to occur within the forecast area during the next 24 hours

0road conditions are expected to be impassable for the entire time of the warning.

0hazardous weather is either likely or imminent or occurring within a forecast area

0hazardous weather is frequently observed in a particular region.

When making a forecast, a meteorologist typically examines __________.

0surface charts0upper-air charts0radar displays0satellite imagery0all of the above

A weather watch would probably be issued for which of the following conditions?

0Presently, extremely high winds are occurring at mountain summits

0A tornado has been sighted at the outskirts of town

0heavy snow has been falling over the forecast area

0there is a chance of tornadoes tomorrow0a parade is scheduled in town on Friday

Which forecasting method assumes that weather systems will move in the same direction and at the same speed as they have been moving?

0steady state (trend) forecast0persistence forecast0probability forecast0climatological forecast0weather type forecast

An accurate forecast:

0never shows skill0requires complex computer

equipment0always shows skill0is aired on the local evening

news0may or may not show skill

All thunderstorms require ________.

0surface heating0rising air0Divergence of the air aloft0hot, humid air0lifting along some barrier

such as a mountain or front

The initial stage of an ordinary thunderstorm is the __________.

0dissipating stage0multicell stage0adolescent stage0cumulus stage0mature stage

Ordinary thunderstorms only last about one hour and begin to dissipate when:

0when the downdraft spreads throughout the cloud and cuts off the updraft.

0lightning neutralizes all the electrical charge in a cloud

0when all the precipitation particles in the cloud turn to ice

0when solar heating at the ground begins to decrease

0none of the above

An ordinary thunderstorm is a:

0scattered or isolated storm that is not severe0thunderstorm that does not

produce lightening or thunder0thunderstorm that has a tilted

updraft and downdraft0thunderstorm that does not

produce hail0figment of the imagination

The most likely time for an ordinary thunderstorm to form is __________.

0just after sunrise0just before sunrise0around midnight0at noon0late afternoon

Severe thunderstorms are capable of producing __________.

0large hail0tornadoes0flash floods0all of the above0none of the above

Streamlines on a weather map depict __________.

0water temperature0wind flow0pressure0dew point0ocean currents

The strongest winds in a hurricane are found ______________.

0in the eye wall0at the center of the storm0in the rain bands0near the periphery of the

hurricanes0at upper levels, above the

center of the hurricane

Hurricane winds rotate in a clockwise direction _______________.

0in the Southern Hemisphere only0in the Northern Hemisphere only0in both the Northern and

Southern Hemispheres0in neither hemisphere0at the equator

The main reason hurricanes don’t develop over the south Atlantic Ocean adjacent to South America is because:

0the surface water temperatures are too cold.0the Coriolis force is too small there.0the pressure gradient force is too weak in

that area.0the surface water temperatures are too

warm0the air at the surface is always diverging

Which below is NOT an atmospheric condition conducive to the formation of hurricanes?

0cold air aloft0moist, humid surface air0warm water0a region of converging

surface winds at the surface0strong upper-level winds

The main difference between a hurricane and a tropical storm is that ________________.

0hurricanes are larger0winds speeds are greater in a

hurricane0tropical storms are more than

500 miles from the US Mainland0hurricanes have a clearly defined

eye on satellite photographs0none of the above

Volcanoes are an important natural source of__________.

0benzene0ozone0carbon monoxide0chlorofluorocarbons0sulfur dioxide

A coning shape exhibited by a smokestack plume is indicative of __________ conditions.

0neutral 0inversion0stable0unstable0both a and b

On clear, cold winter nights, cities tend to cool _____ than rural areas and have _____ temperatures.

0more quickly, higher 0more slowly, lower0more quickly, lower0more slowly, higher0none of the above

Erosion of limestone buildings, fountains and sculptures is caused largely by __________.

0ozone0acid rain0urban heat islands0migratory birds0vibrations caused by traffic

Once released into the atmosphere, chlorofluorocarbons remain about __________.

010 days03 lunar cycles01 year01 month0100 years

Thunderstorms are most likely to form on a day when smokestack plumes have a __________.

0looping shape0fanning shape0coning shape0lofting shape0none of the above

The climate of an area about the size of a town would be described as __________.

0macroclimate0mesoclimate0microclimate0urban climate0industrial climate

Which of the following cities would most likely have a dry summer?

0Chicago, Illinois0Denver, Colorado0Los Angeles, California0Seattle, Washington0Baltimore, Maryland

The lowest average temperatures in the world occur in __________.

0the Antarctic0Northwestern Europe0Northwestern Europe0North America0the Arctic

The Köppen scheme for classifying climates employs annual and monthly averages of __________.

0precipitation and stream runoff 0ocean levels and surface

pressure0sunshine and soil type0temperature and precipitation0population density and

agricultural output

The term monsoon refers to __________.

0a seasonal shift in wind circulation 0a short dry season0the short summer rainy season

observed in some locations0a long dry season0a period of heavy rainfall

produced by thunderstorms.

In a dry climate __________.

0there are no plants 0potential evaporation and

transpiration exceed precipitation0there is no precipitation0air temperatures seldom drop

below freezing and days are always hot0winters are short, but cold.

Evidence suggests that throughout much of the Earth’s history, the global climate was __________.

0warmer than it is today 0colder than it is today0About the same

temperature as it is today0more variable than it is

today.0none of the above

Presently, glaciers cover __________ of the Earth’s surface.

0approximately two thirds0less than 1 percent0about one half0None0about 10 percent

Over the past 100 years or so, it appears that average global temperatures have ________.

0remained constant 0decreased slightly0fluctuated widely but

shown no overall change0decreased greatly0increased slightly

Which theory explains how glacial material can be observed today near sea level at the equator, even though sea level glaciers probably never existed there?

0Theory of plate tectonics 0Milankovitch theory0Volcanic dust theory0Darwin’s theory of evolution0Maunder theory

Plate tectonics “explains” certain climatic changes by showing that these changes may be related to __________.

0mountain building 0the amount of CO2 and H2O

released into the atmosphere0the paths taken by ocean

currents0the position of the continents0all of the above

The Milankovitch Theory proposes that climatic changes are due to __________.

0volcanic eruptions0changing levels of CO2 in the

Earth’s atmosphere0particles suspended in the Earth’s

atmosphere0variations in Earth’s orbit as it

travels through space0None of the above

If the Earth did not have an atmosphere, the sky would appear __________ during the day.

0red0orange0white0blue 0black

The blue color of the sky is due to __________.

0the filtering effect of water vapor in the Earth’s atmosphere

0reflection of sunlight off the Earth’s oceans

0transmission of visible light through the ozone layer in the Earth’s stratosphere

0selective scattering of visible light by air molecules

0none of the above

On a foggy night, it is often difficult to see the road when the high beam lights are on because of __________ of light by the fog.

0scattering 0absorption0transmission0refraction0diffraction

Which of the following are capable of producing a red sunrise or sunset?

0small suspended salt particles 0volcanic ash0small suspended dust

particles0all of the above0none of the above

An atmospheric phenomenon that causes objects to appear inverted is called __________.

0an inferior mirage 0a superior mirage0scintillation0dispersion0hallucination

Halos are caused by __________.

0diffraction of light by cloud droplets0refraction of light passing through

raindrops0reflection of light by ice crystals0scattering of light by ice crystals0refraction of light passing through

ice crystals