Final examLisaldo ayalaAndre Macfie

Joseph Reinhard

Characteristics of eubacteria and arch bacteria!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Archaebacteria are no longer considered to be bacteria but have a new identity, that having a unique evolutionary history and now called as Archae. They are single-celled organisms, much like eubacteria, and have no cell nucleus or cell organelles.

 Eubacteria are a group of unicellular organisms and are similar to archae in not having cell nucleus or organelles.

3 ways bacteria is important Bacteria play a very important part in the biosphere.

Basically, we could not live with out them. List three ways bacteria are helpful to humans. 

 Bacteria in the gut produce vitamin K E. coli can be genetically modified to

produce medicinal products e.g. can be modified to produce insulin

7 diseases from bacteria Bacterial::

1) Tetanus==by bacterium Colstirdium tetani2) Typorid fever==bacterium salmonella3) Cholera==caused by vibrio cholerae4) Plague caused by Yesenia pests5) Syphilis== bacterium Treponema pallida6) Gonorrhea triggered by Neisseria7) Tuberculosis==Koch bacteria

Favorite enviorment for bacteria A warm (but not too warm) environment

with the necessary nutrition.

Importance of capsid The capsid protein contains proteins that

allow the virus to enter the host cell. Without the host cell the virus can not grow/reproduce.

Structure of the virus Viruses consist of strands of the genetic material nucleic

acid, the basis of a genome, which is surrounded by a protein coat called a capsid. The capsid protects the genome and gives the virus its shape. Viruses may be either helical or icosahedral. Some viruses display a combination of helical and icosahedral symmetry, known as complex symmetry. The capsid is often subdivided into individual protein subunits called capsomeres. The organization of the capsomeres yields the symmetry of the virus. Animal viruses often form an envelope around the capsid. This envelope is rich in proteins, lipids, and glycoprotein molecules.

5 viral diseases Cold, Flu, Polio, Cancer, Warts

How viruses cause diseases • Some viruses cause lysosomes to release

their hydrolytic enzymes, which thendestroy the host cell.• Some induce the host cell to synthesize toxins that cause a disease• Some have toxic proteins

in their envelope

Viruses vs living cells A virus is not living. A cell is living A virus attacks a cell We need cells.

Viruses vs bacteria A virus is to reproduce with a cell. Bacteria splits. Virus is deadly. Bacteria leads to viruses.

Plants

Rosalina, Jasmine, Daquan,Danny

The first land plants evolved from what organism? bacteria

What is the function of the stomata? Allows carbon dioxide and oxygen to diffuse into and out the leaf.

The female sex gamete in plants is the? ovule

The male sex gamete in plants is the? Pollen grains

For monocots, what are the characteristics of the roots , stem, seeds, leaves?

Spread out roots Sticking out cotyledon scattered tissue.

For dicots , what are the characteristics of the roots, stem, seed and leaves.

Two cotyledonsFloral parts in 4s or fives net like leaf veinsPollen grains has 3 pores or furrows stem vascular arranged in circle

The two groups of angiosperms are differentiated by the number of? Cotyledons

The bright colors found on plants are an adaptation that aids in what type of pollination?

Animal pollination

EcologyBy: Felipe LunaEdgar Alvarado

Kristian Guntalilib (;

EcologyQ: What is the 10% rule? What happened to

the other 90%?A: 10% of energy goes to the predator.

EcologyQ: What is an autotroph?A: Makes its own food.

EcologyQ: What is heterotroph?A: Has to get its own food

EcologyQ: Explain the 3 types of symbiotic

relationships (mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism)

A: Mutualism = Both organisms benefit, Commensalism = One organism benefits & other is not affected

Parasitism = One benefits & other is hurt or killed.

Ecology Q: What are the 3 trophic levels in an

ecological pyramid? A: Producers-Grasses Consumers-Cow

Decomposers-Bacteria

Ecology Construct a food web in which snakes eat

mice ;toads eat beetles; owls eat mice & toads; eagles eat rabbits, snakes & owls; cougars eat deer; and foxes eat rabbits and mice. Be sure to include a decomposer.