DISASTER PREPAREDNESSIN

VETERINARY PRACTICE

Dr.D.Ramamurthy B.V.Sc., M.B.A.,

VETERINARY ASST. SURGEON,VETERINARY DISPENSARY,

KARAMANIKUPPAM,CUDDALORE DISTRICT.

DISASTER

NATURAL MAN MADE EPIDEMIC

INDIVIDUAL TECHNICAL ACCIDENTAL

CYCLONEFIREEARTH QUAKEFLOODDROUGHTFAMINELAND SLIDESSNOW AVALANCHTSUNAMI

NEGLIGENCE

RESEARCH AND

DEVELOPMENTACCIDENTS

AVIAN INFLUENZA

TERRORISTSTRICKE

BIO – TERRORISMCHEMICAL TERRORISMNUCLEAR

TERRORISMCYBER

TERRORISM

CHEMICAL PLANT

(ACCIDENTS LIKE BHOPAL

TRAGETY)NUCLEAR PLANT

ACCIDENT(LIKE

CHERNOBYL IN RUSSIA)

IN INDIA OUT OF 32 STATES 22 STATES AND SOME

UNION TERRITORIES ARE VULNERABLE TO SOME DISASTER OR OTHERS

DISASTER STATUS IN INDIA

MAJOR DISASTERS IN INDIA IN THE RECENT PAST

The Cyclone of Andra Pradesh in1977 caused an estimated loss of 2,30.146 cattle and 23,55,056 live stock in Orissa in 1982, 11,468 cattle lost. Earthquake has comparatively less impact in animals. But still in Uttarkasi 3100 cattle lost and between 1953-1980 we lost 1,02,908 cattle because of earthquakes.

Wild animals do predict natural Disasters like Earthquake, Volcanoes, Tsunami etc.,  Do man predict the Disasters by instinct?Maybe in the early part of evolution.In Andaman Nicobar islands some isolated tribes escaped Tsunami This maybe to do their ability in prediction of Natural Disasters

Do animals predict the Disasters ?

Yes.

A Disaster management plan for animals shall essentially include

Herd health Promotion

Disease prevention

Therapy and Rehabilitation

Retrospective epidemiological study of the Disaster including.

The Disasters Management Plan should have

A clean valid and viable outline of specific emergency action necessary in specific situation (related to specific hazard) along with the designation of coordinator of lead agency.

Documentation of material and human required and accessible during emergency situation Even though we have faced many type of Disaster so far and lost thousands of animals, the experience in these disasters, post disaster rescue operation, and rehabilitation were not documented which might help in preparing disaster preparedness plan for veterinary practice. Different disaster might have varied impact on animal population.

A Disaster preparedness plan should have different approach for different type of Disaster.

COASTAL AREA DISASTERS

The situation in coastal region is often aggrevated by natural calamities such as

Cyclone Flood Tsunami

IMPACT OF TSUNMI ON ANIMAL

HUSBANDRY In Tamilndu alone

nearly 18,448 Animals are reported to have died in this Disasters

The Production loss of milk meat and draught power due to death toll is estimated at 3.71 corers.

TSUNAMI

TSUNAMIS are ocean waves most often generated by induced movement of ocean floor, Landslides, Volcanic eruption and even meteorites can also generate a Tsunami.

All Tsunamis are potentially dangerous even though they may not damage every coast line they strike

Our coast lines are vulnerable but Tsunamis are infrequent.

We should understand the hazard and learn how to protect us.

Disasters preparedness plan for Tsunami

Identifying the vulnerable coast line for Tsunami with past record

Developing warning system for public as well as for veterinary professionals.

 

Evacuation plan with route map Possibilities of providing temporary shelters 

Provision for clean & Potable water, feed and fodder.

 

Emergency communication Plan Familiarizing with Tsunami warning system,

evacuation route and emergency communication plan.

SIGNS OF TSUNAMI An Earthquake lasting 20 seconds or more

coast near may generate Tsunami A noticeable rapid rise or fall in coastal

water is also a sign that Tsunami is approaching

Tsunami most frequently come on shore as rapid raising turbulent surge of water charged with debris.

They are not V shaped or rolling wave and not surfable

Tsunami may be locally generated or from a distant origin.

DURING SIGNS OF EARTHQUAKE IN VULNERBLE AREAS OF TSUNAMI

When you feel shaking due to earthquake Come out to a open space & Drop, Cover and hold on

When the shaking stops gather your family members & pets, escape quickly

Leave everything behind, a Tsunami may be coming within minutes. Advice people leave the place along with their livestock at once.

As the energy of Tsunami is transmitted through open water it is not detectable. Seismic signs may be the only advance warning before Tsunami approaching the coast line.

Check your damages, emergency supplies. Review evacuation plan.

AFTER TSUNAMI STRIKED

Continue listening warning through TV, Radio A Tsunami may have damaged roads, bridges or the other

places that may be unsafe. 

Stay away from the flooded water 

Help injured human being as well as animals. 

Do not enter flooded buildings. Wear sturdy shoes and use battery powered light

 

Watch for wild life especially poisonous snakes that may have entered along with flood water (use stick to poke through debris)

Do not allow the animals eat feed that have come in contact with flood water

 

Rescue with proper care any trapped animals (a docile animal may become frenzy after Tsunami.

Take steps for proper disposal of animal carcasses to avoid public health nuisance.

REHABILITATION OF SURVIVED ANIMALS

Survived animal should be treated accordingly Provide temporary animal shelter or convert

existing shed to accommodate stranded animals as well as animals with ownership.

If animals are to be sheltered for long duration give identity to the animals

Provide clean potable water, feed and fodder Epidemic Control

Wild animals usually escape well in advance and domesticated animals when they are not tied will try to escape as animal are good swimmers. But Tsunamis are not usual ocean waves and violently move. Hence animals do get trapped and drowned. Death of animal when drowned in Tsunami flood might be due to aspiration pneumonia, asphyxiation and excess ingestion of turbid and toxic hypertonic sea water.

THE POSSIBILITIES OF EPIDEMIC AFTER TSUNAMI

• POULTRY : Avianinfluenza, Rankhet Disease

• SMALL RUMINANTS : PPR, Pathogenic Clostridial Infection

• CATTLE : PPR, H.S, Anthrax

The following diseases are more prevalent after Tsunami in the affected area

Animal should be vaccinated for above diseases and anthalmentics should be given as stressafter Tsunami may cause Verminous over activity.

SOME IMPORTANT ASPECTS OF RECENT TSUNAMI

Total Energy released 3.35 exjoules0.8 Giga tonn of TNT

Equivalent to energy used in USA for 11 days. Earthquake caused oscillation of Earth surface of

about 20 to 30cm The entire Earth surface is estimated to have moved

vertically by upto 1cm The shift of mass and massive release of energy very

slightly altered earth’s rotation It shortened the length of day by 2.68 microseconds It also caused earth to minutely wobble on its axis

up to 2.5cm in the direction of 1450 earth‘s longitude

TSUNAMI STRIKED CUDDALORE COAST

Its impact on Animal HusbandryRehabilitation and Relief

Presentation : DR. D. Ramamurthy B.V.Sc., M.B.A

Veterinary Hospital, Cuddalore.

Impact of TSUNAMI…Tsunami striked cuddalore coast around 8.50

a.m on 26- 02-2004 and lasted for only 20-30 minutes

But its impact was very huge People lost their lives, Properties, belongings

and livelihood.Sea water inundated in to cuddalore coast to the

extent of 1.5 Km. The Land up to 1.5 – 3 km lost its fertility and

salinity increased.Sub soil water affected by salinity up to 5 km

and agricultural operation severely affected.

Impact of TSUNAMI on Animals Several hundreds of Cattle, Buffaloes, Sheep and Goats Supposed

be tied in the shed and grazing in the mangrove forest died due to drowning in TSUNMI water and death was due to mainly suffocation.

Official figure of mortality

Cows 119buffaloes 3Calves 12Bullocks 4Sheep & Goat 811Total 949

Stray cattle and stray Dogs escaped TSUNMI havoc A few stray cattle which escaped after swallowing TSUNAMI water died in another few days.

Observations in the affected and dead Animals

Two cows, Two calves which escaped and survived after swallowing Sea water for few days.

Severe dehydration Sunken eyes Protrusion of tongue Protrusion of anus with bleeding

Animals did not respond for treatment.

Disposal of Carcasses

In association with Local bodies, Army and Fire services Carcasses of animals in TSUNMI affected area were disposed in war footing to avoid any epidemics of public health.

Rehabilitation of Animals in post TSUNAMI

DR. Leonard Paul M.V.Sc., Team LeaderDR. Mushtaq ali B.V.Sc., MemberDR. K.Vijayakumar M.V.Sc., ,,DR. D. Ramamurthy B.V.Sc., M.B.A., ,,DR. Siva Shnmugam B.V.Sc., ,,DR. Natesan B.V.Sc., ,,DR. Shankaranarayanan B.V.Sc., ,,DR. H. Mohan B.V.Sc., ,,

A Team of professionals worked on war footing in rehabilitation of livestock in TSUNAMI affected area

TSUNAMI Affected VillagesCuddalore Taluk1. Nallavdu2. Thazhankuda3. Uchimedu4. Gnanamedu5. Su. Uppalavadi6. Kandakadu7. Kundu Uppulavadi8. Devanampattinam9. Singarathope10. Thaikkal Thoni Thuri11. Pachaiyankuppam12. Raspettai13. Sothikuppam14. Sonakuppam

15. Andrmulli pallam16. Kayalpattu17. Periyakuppam18. Thiruchoburam19. Thiagavalli20. Nochimedu21. Chithiri Pettai22. Sonanjavadi23. Akkaraikori24. Nanghilingampettai25. Pettodai26. Ayyampettai27. Reddiyarpettai

Chidambaram Taluk1. M.G.R. Thittu2. Mudasalodai3. Mullukuthurai4. Samiyarpettai5. Killai Meenavr Colony6. Chinnan Kuzhi7. Velongirayanpettai8. Kumarapettai9. Portnova10. Pudukuppam11. T.Pudhupettai

Cattle Camp in TSUNAMI affected area

Cattle camps ware organized to rehabilitate stranded animals during and after TSUNAMI in the following places

Veterinary hospital cuddalore.Veterinary dispensary, Mettupalayam.Veterinary dispensary, Portnova.Veterinary dispensary, Pinnathur.

Sheltering, watering, feeding and treatment of animals were carried out for stranded animals for few days.

Distribution of Green and dry fodder in TSUNAMI affected area

Nearly 40 tons of green fodder and 1 ton of dry fodder were procured from district livestock farm Echengkottai, Thanjavur from 29-12-2004 to 20-01-2005 for the starved animals in TSUNAMI affected area.

Immunisation of animals in TSUNAMI affected area

• Vaccinations were carried out to avoid any Epidemics in Post TSUNAMI.

• FMD Vaccinations - 20,109• HS Vaccinations - 50,000

Compensation for Victims of animal loss in TSUNMI affected area

Rs. 10,000 each to owners of cows and buffaloes

Rs. 5,000 each to owners of Calves and Bullocks

Rs. 1,000 each to owners of Sheep and Goat To the tune of Rs.21,11,000

Post TSUNMI observations of impact on Animal husbandry

Loss or reduction in Milk yield. Affection of skin in animals which had contact with

TSUNAMI water. Loss of grazing land near coastal area due to inundation

of sea water. Less attention of live stock owners on animal husbandry

due to trauma and mental agony. Loss of body weight in sheep and goat due to lack of

grazing ground.

No epidemics of live stock diseases were noticed in post TSUNAMI.

Post TSUNAMI… People in Panic

Unclaimed Animal carcasses

Post TSUNAMI…

Post TSUNAMI… Animal and their Ownersin Cattle Camp

Human and Animal Carcasses

Post TSUNAMI… enmass burial of

Post TSUNAMI… enmass vaccination of Animals

Post TSUNAMI… distribution of fodder to the starved Animals

Distribution of fodder to the starved Animals in an islet village

Post TSUNAMI…

Post TSUNAMI… Door to door vaccination of Animals

Post TSUNAMI…

Visit of Honourable Minster

for Animal husbandry to the

TSUNAMI hit Village

Post TSUNAMI… Visit of Honourable Minster for Animal husbandry

to the TSUNAMI hit Village

Visit of Honourable Minster

for Animal husbandry to the Cattle Camp in

Veterinary Hospital Cuddalore.

Post TSUNAMI…

Post TSUNAMI…

Visit of Commissioner & Director of Veterinary Services

Review by secretary

animal husbandry & Fisheries

Post TSUNAMI Relief works, by Animal husbandry Dept.

Cuddalore