IndonesiaFinal Culture Presentation by Elias Pantoja, Jr.

National Geographic-Roper Public Affairs 2006 Geographic Literacy Study

• 3/4 of respondents failed to find Indonesia on a map (National Geographic, 2006)

• 3/4 unaware that a majority of population is Muslim, largest Muslim country in the world (National Geographic, 2006)

• Survey covered 510 respondents between 18 and 24 years old (National Geographic, 2006)

• Occupies location between Australia and Asia (Saunders, 2007)

• Between Indian and Pacific Oceans (Saunders, 2007)

• Along main sea route between India and Europe to the west(Saunders, 2007)

• Along main sea route between China and Japan to the east (Saunders, 2007)

40,000 BCE

1375

1596

1854

1833

1942

1945

1950

Historical Timeline

(Hannigan, 2015)

Hofstede: Cultural Dimensions• Individualism: 14/100 (Hofstede, n.d.)

Extended families (Saunders, 2007)

• Power Distance: 78/100 (Hofstede, n.d.)

Centralization of wealth (Klinken & Berenschot, 2014)

• Masculinity: 46/100 (Hofstede, n.d.)

Government subsidized social programs (Tickamyer & Kusujiarti, 2012)

• Uncertainty Avoidance: 48/100 (Hofstede, n.d.)

Reluctance to express opinions (Simons, 2000)

• Long Term Orientation: 62/100 (Hofstede, n.d.)

Collective contribution (Nguyen & Richter, 2003)

Hall: Low-High Context• Low: Population resorts to civil unrest when discontent with political elite

(Nguyen & Richter, 2003)

• High: “Cårå Jåwå” - Not only have knowledge of the language, but also understand what it means to belong

(Berman, 1998)

Kluckhohn & Strodtbeck: Value OrientationsHuman Nature Orientation (Good vs. Evil)• Neutral/Mutable

Neutral: Soul cannot be virtuous without divine guidance (Taylor, 2003) Mutable: Nationalist identity (Taylor, 2003)

Person/Nature Orientation (Cooperation vs. Control)• Transitory

Dutch and Japanese occupations created fatalistic mentality (Gouda & Zaalberg, 2002) Realizing the power of civil unrest (Gouda & Zaalberg, 2002)

Time Orientation (Past-Present-Future)• Multifaceted

Past: Rituals, traditions, and beliefs (Press, 2010) Future: Everyone plays their part for a better future (Press, 2010)

Activity Orientation (Being – Being-in-Becoming – Doing)• Being-in-Becoming

Political parties organize with enthusiastic participation from members for party agendas (Fionna, 2013)

Language

Javanese

Bahasa In

donesia

SundaneseMalay

Madurese

Minangkabau

Banjarese

Buginese

Balinese

Batak

Cirebonese

Acehnese

Lombok

BetawiDaya

k

Makasa

rese

BanteneseNias

Bangka

ChineseOthers

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Indonesian multi-lingualism

Languages

perc

ent

(Ananta, 2015)

HallChronemics: • Jam Karet “Rubber Time”

(Press, 2010)

Proxemics: • Western visitors surprised that personal space is not as important as back home

(Fechter, 2007)

BatikYogyakarta: • Epicenter of Javanese culture and primary producer of Indonesian Batik (Smend et. al, 2015)

• Method of creating designs by dyeing and using wax (Smend et. al, 2015)

(Fricke, 1993)

Balinese Kekak Ritual

References

Ananta, A. (2015). Demography of Indonesia's ethnicity. Singapore: ISEAS Publishing.

Berman, L. (1998). Oxford studies in anthropological linguistics: Speaking through the silence: Narratives, social conventions, and power in Java. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Fechter, A. (2007). Transnational Lives: Expatriates in Indonesia. Burlington, VT: Ashgate Publishing Company.

Fionna, U. (2013). The Institutionalisation of Political Parties in Post-authoritarian Indonesia: From the Grass-roots Up. Leiden, AM: Amsterdam University Press.

Fricke, R. (Director), Magidson, M. (Producer), & Nicholas, C., & Nicholas, G. (Writers). (1993, November). Baraka [Video file]. In Samsara. Retrieved November 14, 2016, from http://www.barakasamsara.com/baraka/about

Geert Hofstede. (n.d.). Retrieved September 05, 2016, from https://geert-hofstede.com/indonesia.html

Gouda, F., & Zaalberg, T. B. (2002). American visions of the Netherlands East Indies/Indonesia: US foreign policy and Indonesian nationalism, 1920-1949. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.

Hannigan, T. (2015). A Brief History of Indonesia: Sultans, Spices, and Tsunamis: The Incredible Story of Southeast Asia's Largest Nation (1st ed.). Tuttle Publishing.

Klinken, G. A., & Berenschot, W. (2014). In search of middle Indonesia: Middle classes in provincial towns. BRILL.

Nguyen, T. D., & Richter, F. (2003). Indonesia matters: Diversity, unity, and stability in fragile times. Singapore: Times Editions.

Press, W. T. (2010). Indonesia Society & Culture Complete Report: An All-Inclusive Profile Combining All of Our Society and Culture Reports. Petaluma, CA: World Trade Press.

Saunders, G. E. (2007). Indonesia. London: Kuperard.

Simons, G. L. (2000). Indonesia, the long oppression. New York, NY: St. Martin's Press.

Smend, R. G., Elliott, I. M., & Mattern, S. (2015). Batik: Traditional textiles of Indonesia: From the Rudolf Smed & Donald Harper Collections. Tokyo: Tuttle Publishing.

Taylor, J. G. (2003). Indonesia: Peoples and histories. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Tickamyer, A. R., & Kusujiarti, S. (2012). Power, change, and gender relations in rural Java: A tale of two villages. Athens: Ohio University Press.

Young Americans Still Lack Basic Global Knowledge, National Geographic-Roper Survey Shows. (2006). The Geography Teacher, 3(2), 14-15. doi:10.1080/19338341.2006.11089891