FINAL CST REVIEWROCK THIS TEST!!!

• In what type of gov’t do citizens elect representatives? Where was the first located?

–REPUBLIC–Indirect

democracy/representative govt–Rome

• What revolution in 1689 in England created a limited

government (restrictions on king’s powers)?

• Glorious Revolution • English Bill of Rights• Constitutional monarchy

• What do all the documents we’ve learned about have in common?

• Limit powers of the government, give rights to the people

• What are some of the rights guaranteed to the American people in the US Bill of Rights? (first 10 amendments)

• Freedoms of speech, religion, press, peaceful assembly, expression, fair & speedy trials, no torture…

o Natural rights of life, liberty & property; everyone is born equalo Locke

o Women need an education to be useful in societyo Wollstonecraft

o Separation of powers (branches of gov’t)o Montesquieu

o Freedom of speech, religion, & toleranceo Voltaire

o No torture, execution, fair & speedy trials…o Beccaria

• Why did the French Revolution occur?

–Weak leadership (Louis XVI & Marie Antoinette)

–Famine

–Enlightenment Ideas

–Unfair taxes

–Debt

• Where did the 3rd Estate create a new constitution & gov’t?– Tennis Court Oath

• What did they call their new government?– National Assembly

• Who carried out the Reign of Terror?– Robespierre & Committee of Public Safety

(COPS)

• What inspired the French Declaration of the Rights of Man?– Declaration of Independence,

Enlightenment Ideas

• How did Napoleon to seize power of France in 1799?– Gov’t was unstable for 10yrs, military

hero, COUP D’ETAT• Napoleon created an…– empire

• What country was Napoleon not able to take over?– Britain (navy, Battle of Trafalgar)

• Why did Russia defeat Napoleon?– Scorched earth policy

• What happened to Napoleon?– Removed from power & exiled

• What meeting was held after Napoleon was removed from power?– Congress of Vienna

• What was the goal at this meeting?– To create a balance of power in Europe

• Why did the leaders/monarchs want to stop nationalistic movements in their countries?– To protect their monarchies from

revolution (King Louis XVI )

• What are some inventions that improved MASS PRODUCTION OF GOODS by machine (not hand) during the Industrial Revolution?

• Steam Engine-James Watt (coal)• Cotton Gin-Eli Whitney • Bessemer Process (iron into steel)• Electricity-Thomas Edison• Bacteria from liquid-Louis Pasteur

What are voluntary associations that fight to improve the working conditions for

workers?

• Labor unions

What are the 4 motives for Imperialism? (why did European countries create

colonies around the world?)

• Economic competition– New markets– Raw materials/natural resources

• Religion• Racism/Social Darwinism• Nationalism

• What are the 4 MAIN causes of WWI?

• Militarism• Alliances• Imperialism• Nationalism

• What was Germany’s Plan to avoid fighting a 2 front war?– Schlieffen Plan

What were some new weapons/methods of fighting during

WWI?• Tanks, subs/u-boats, airplanes,

flamethrower, poison gas…

Why was there a stalemate on the western front?

• Trench warfare

What country pulled out of WWI in 1917? How did it affect the war?

• Russia (Russian Revolution)• Germany now only had to fight on the

Western Front• Uh-oh, the U.S. joins war & no Central

Power has enough troops/resources to fight them

• What Treaty determined the terms of WWI?– Treaty of Versailles

• Who were the Big Four at the conference & what did each want?– U.S. (Woodrow Wilson) -just & lasting

peace, 14 Points– France (Clemenceau) -punish Germany– Britain (George) –punish Germany & limit

Germany’s military– Italy (Orlando) -wanted territory for Italy

• What terms punished Germany?– Take full blame for the war, pay $33

billion in war reparations, limit military, no weapons, no subs/planes/tanks, give up territory (colonies & Alsace Lorraine to France)

– Germany is pissed…leads to rise of Fascism/Nazis/Hitler

• What was Wilson’s 14th Point & what was its main goal?– League of Nations (no U.S. isolationism)– promote peace/prevent war

After the Russian Revolution, who took over Russia & what events occurred?

• Lenin & Bolsheviks• Out of WWI, land to peasants,

factories to farmers• Civil war (red vs white army)• Secret police to keep control

After Lenin, Stalin took control of Soviet Union. Name some changes that he

made.

• 5 Year Plans to boost economy• Command economy• Collective farms (millions starved)• Gulags & secret police (started under

lenin)• Great Purge (millions murdered)

After WWI, name some changes in art, music & literature.

• Surrealism, cubism…• Jazz music• “Lost Generation”– Ernest Hemingway, TS Eliot, Gertrude

Stein, F.Scott Fitzgerald– Wrote about horrors of WWI,

disillusionment after the war, lost, traveled around Europe

• Who were the 2 fascist leaders in Europe after WWI? (totalitarianism)

• Mussolini-Italy• Hitler-Germany (Nazis)

• Know the Holocaust…Hitler hated Jews– Nuremberg Laws– Kristallnacht– Ghettos– Camps– Nuremberg Trials

Tell me some things that happened during WWII.

During what era were the U.S. & Soviet Union competing for influence over other countries, nuclear weapons,

communism vs democracy…?

• The Cold War

At what meeting did Britain, U.S., & Soviet Union decide to divide

Germany into 4 zones of occupation?

• Yalta Conference• FDR, Churchill, Stalin• Zones: US, Britain, France, USSR

What term refers to the division of democratic Western Europe &

communist (Soviet dominated) Eastern Europe?

• Iron Curtain

What was the U.S. policy to stop the spread of communism (give $ &

military aid)?

• Truman Doctrine, containment

What wars were fought during the Cold War that showed the US was willing to

fight to stop the spread of communism?

• 1950-1953-Korean War• 1965-1973-Vietnam War

What did all of the countries & republics controlled by the Soviet Union want?

• Independence, not to be ruled by communism anymore

• Many protests

What country does this describe:Controlled by Ottoman Turks until end of

WWI, Controlled by Britain, 1947 becomes an independent Jewish

nation

• Israel

What organization was created after WWII & has the primary goal of

preventing war/maintaining peace?

• United Nations

• What 5 countries make up the Security Council?– US, Britain, France, Russia, China

Who was the Communist Chinese leader?

• Mao Zedong

• What was Mao’s plan to establish communes to boost the economy that resulted in 30-40 million deaths?– Great Leap Forward

• 1989-protest led by students fighting for democratic reform– Tiananmen Square