FILOSOFI PBL (PROBLEM BASED LEARNING)Senin, 8 September 2008Oleh Wiwik Kusumawati

Illness Script Theory

NoviceNoviceIntermediateExpert

What is wrong with conventional curriculum?It is based on Pedagogical ModelPedagogy is the art and science of teaching children based on assumptions about teaching learning between 7th-12th Century in Monastic School of EuropeConventional curriculum for Higher Education started in 12th century

Our problemsConventional Curriculum (teacher-centered, subject-based, fragmented, late clinical exposure, unsystematic) does not prepare students to face future challenges

Assumptions of Learners based on Pedagogical ModelThe need to know (exam)The learners self-concept (dependent personality)The role of experience (little)Readiness to learn (depends on teacher)Orientation to learning (subject-centered, subject content)Motivation (external)

Andragogical Model of Adult Learning1. The Need to Know (important for life)2. The Learners Self Concept (independent)3. The Role of the Learners Experience (important self identity)4. Readiness to Learn (ready)5. Orientation to Learning (case, problem, real life)

PERBEDAANKONVENSIONALTeacher centeredPassive acquisiteDepartement / dicipline based Hospital basedstandardizedOpportunistic

PBL - SPICESStudent / Learner centeredProblem based Integrated Community basedEarly clinical exposure (Elective)Self directed learning (Systematic)

Student- CentredProblem-basedCase-studyPatient-basedProject-basedPractice-basedStudent-Centered LearningExperientialLearningLearningContractAdaptiveLearningIndependentLearning

Davis and Harden (1999)an active learning stimulated by, and focused round a clinical, community or scientific problem

Ross (1991)Students work on the problem which is explicitly used to get students themselves to identify and search for the knowledge, that they need to obtain in order to approach the problem

Albanese and Mitchel (1993)instructional method characterized by the use of patient problems as a context for students to learn problem-solving skills and acquire knowledge about the basic and clinical sciences

Problem-based LearningStrategy pembelajaran yang berpusat pada

MAHASISWA

Tanggungjawab Belajar Mahasiswa lebih besarPartisipasi Belajar Mahasiswa lebih besarKeaktifan Mahasiswa adalah syarat utama

WHAT IS PBL ?In problem based learning (PBL) students use triggers from the problem case or scenario to define their own learning objectives.

Subsequently they do independent, self directed study before returning to the group to discuss and refine their acquired knowledge.

Thus, PBL is not about problem solving per se, but rather it uses appropriate problems to increase knowledge and understanding.

Example:PBL : How do you get new theoretical comprehension related to hypertension based on your prior knowledge (by using seven-jump)?HYPERTENSIONProblem-solving : What problems related to hypertension? How do you overcome such problems based on your prior knowledge by using critical & analytical method?Overlapping?

Generic skills and attitudes in PBLTeamworkCritical evaluation of literatureChairing a groupSelf directed learning and use of resourcesListeningPresentation skillsRecordingCooperationRespect for colleagues' views

Advantages of PBLDisadvantages of PBL

Student centred PBLIt fostersTutors who can't teachTutorsactive learning, improved understanding, and retention and development of lifelong learning skillsenjoy passing on their own knowledge and understanding so may find PBL facilitation difficult and frustratingGeneric competenciesPBL allowsHuman resourcesMore staffstudents to develop generic skills and attitudes desirable in their future practicehave to take part in the tutoring processIntegrationPBL facilitates anOther resourcesLarge numbersintegrated core curriculumof students need access to the same library and computer resources simultaneouslyMotivationPBL is fun for studentsRole modelsStudents may beand tutors, and the process requires all students to be engaged in the learning processdeprived access to a particular inspirational teacher who in a traditional curriculum would deliver lectures to a large groupDeep learningPBL fosters deepInformationoverloadStudentslearning (students interact with learning materials, relate concepts to everyday activities, and improve their understanding)may be unsure how much self directed study to do and what information is relevant and usefulConstructivist approachStudentsactivate prior knowledge and build on existing conceptual knowledge frameworks

LEARNING ACTIVITIES IN PBL TUTORIALLECTUREPRACTICALKOMUDALAB. SKILLSPLENARYDISCUSSION

COMPETENCE BASED CURRICULUM (KBK)Student centeredIntegrated Learning strategy

Piramida PendidikanSaya mendengar saya lupa,Saya melihat saya ingat, Saya mengerjakan saya tahu.

The learning pyramid

A simple model of competence

Miller GE. The assessment of clinical skills/competence/performance. Academic Medicine (Supplement) 1990; 65: S63-S7.

Knows

Shows how

Knows how

Does

KESIMPULAN GLOBALISASI LIFELONG LEARNERKompetitif

Student centeredClinical reasoningCritical thinker

Dokter (Profesional)Lebih KompetenKBKPBL