2015 年度全国职称英语等级考试卫生类 C 试题　　第一部分：词汇选项　　下面每个句子中均有 1 个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定 1

个意义最为接近的选项　　1. Boston used to be famous for its shipbuilding.　　A rich B poor C bad D well-known　　2 That guy always wears classic   clothes.　　A dark B cheap C dirty D traditional　　3 I came across an old friend yesterday.　　A met B stopped C visited D phoned　　4 He burst into laughter, as though he had heard something funny.　　A as if B as well C so that D even if　　5 I shall be very pleased   to answer any questions you may have.　　A sad B prepared C happy D determined　　6 Both sides have pledged   that a nuclear war must never be fought.　　A announced B promised C reported D claimed　　7 Fats and sugar are rich in energy but poor   in minerals.　　A flat B full C empty D low　　8 She wanted me to know that she still cared for me.　　A worried B loved C believed D relied　　9 She is a very prominent   scholar in this area.　　A dishonest B outstanding C friendly D efficient　　10 The chairman proposed that this matter be considered at the next meeting.　　A suggested B ordered C demanded D said　　11 I believe that her account of what happened is very accurate.　　A simple B precise C unclear D close　　12 He based   his conclusion on the evidence given by the prisoner.　　A offered B checked C made D satisfied　　13 The union called off the strike at the last minute yesterday.

　　A cancelled B staged C lengthened D organized　　14 I have earned a lot of money, but that is not the issue.　　A goal B task C key D point　　15 There has been a lot of debate   among us about the necessity to save money　　A agreement B advice C discussion D criticism

　　第 2 部分：阅读判断(第 16~ 22 题，每题 1 分，共 7 分)

　　下面的短文后列出了 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。　　Baseline Exam Is Key to Eye Health　　Even people with no signs or risk factors for eye disease can suffer vision loss and need to get baseline (基线) eye exams at age

40, says the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) c 美国眼科学会).

　　The reminder (提示) is part of the AAO's EyeSmart campaign to mark Save Your Vision Month in February.　　"Many eye diseases progress without any warning signs," Dr. Stephanie  Marioneaux,a clinical correspondent for the AAO, said in a prepared statement. "Graduate changes in vision can affect your ability to function independently and have confidence in your abilities. "　　Based on the findings from the initial screening, an eye doctor will create a schedule for fol\ow-up eye exams.　　People of any age who have symptoms of eye disease or are at high risk due to family history, diabetes(糖尿病) or high blood pressure should consult with their eye doctor to determine how often they should have their eyes checked, the AAO recommends.　　By 2020, 43 million Americans will be at significant risk for vision loss Or blindness due to age-related eye diseases, such as

cataracts (白内障) and glaucoma (青光眼). That's a more than 50 percent increase over the current number of Americans with such vision threatening diseases.　　But many Americans are unconcerned about the risk of vision loss. Only 23 percent of　　Americans are very concerned about losing their vision, while most feel weight gain and joint or back pain are greater worries than vision loss, according to an AAO survey conducted for its EyeSmart campaign.　　16 People with no signs of eye disease don't need any eye exams.　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned　　17 Changes in vision cannot affect people's lives.　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned　　18 There's a great shortage of eye doctors in the US.　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned　　19 High blood pressure is one of the risk factors for eye disease.　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned　　20 0lder people are at higher risk for vision loss or blindness.　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned　　21 Most Americans are worried about the risk of vision loss. '　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned　　22 Weight gain and joint or back pain are big worries in Europe.　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

　　第 3 部分：概括大意与完成　　句子(第 23 ~30 题，每题 1 分，共 8 分)

　　下面的短文后有 2 项测试任务：(1) 第 23-26 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第 1～4 每段选择 1 个最佳标题;(2)第 27~ 30 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为每个句子确定 1 个最佳选项。　　Understanding Dyslexia

　　Dyslexia(诵难) is a type of learning disability. A person with a learning disability has trouble processing words or numbers. There are several kinds of learning disabilities;dyslexia is the term used when people have difficulty learning to read, even though they are smart enough and want to learn. Dyslexia is not a disease. It's a condition that you are born with, and it often runs in families.　　2 Research has shown that dyslexia happens because of the way the brain processes information. Pictures of the brain, taken with modern imaging tools, have shown that when people with dyslexia read, they use different parts of the brain than people without dyslexia.　　These pictures also show that the brains of people with dyslexia don't work efficiently during reading. So that's why reading seems like such slow, hard work.　　3 If you have dyslexia, you might have trouble reading even simple words you've seen　　many times. You probably will read slowly and feel that you have to work extra hard when reading. You might mix up the letters in a word, for example, reading the word "now" as "won" or 6'left" as "felt". Words may blend (混合) together and spaces are lost. You might have trouble remembering what you've read. You may remember more easily when the same information is read to you or heard on tape.　　4 Although dealing with dyslexia can be tough, help is available. Under federal law, someone diagnosed with a learning disability like dyslexia is entitled to extra help from the public school system. A child or teenager with dyslexia usually needs to work with a specially trained teacher, tutor, or reading specialist to learn how to read and spell better.　　Paragraph 1　　Paragraph 2　　Paragraph 3　　Paragraph 4　　A What causes dyslexia?　　B How common is dyslexia?　　C What job can people with dyslexia do?　　D What is dyslexia?　　E How can we deal with dyslexia?

　　F What is it like to have dyslexia7　　Individuals with dyslexia find it hard to When people with dyslexia read, their brains It is not easy for people with dyslexia to remember _　　Students with dyslexia in public schools can get extra help in learning

　　第 4 部分：阅读理解(第 31~ 45 题，每题 3 分，共 45 分)

　　F 面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5 道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定 1

个最佳选项。　　第一篇 Most UK Adults Have Low Risk of Heart Disease

　　More than 80 percent of UK adults have a less than 10-percent risk of  developing heart disease in the next 10 years, according to a report from  WHO.　　" I hope that these numbers will give physicians, researchers, health  policy analysts and others a better idea of how coronary heart disease is  distributed in the UK population," lead author Dr. Earl Ford, from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in London, said in a statement.　　The findings are based on analysis of data from 13,769 subjects, between 22 to 70 years of age, who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1990 t0 1995.　　Overall, 82 percent of adults have a risk of less than 10 percent, 15  percent had a risk that fell from 10 t0 20 percent, and 3 percent had a risk above 20 percent.　　The proportion of subjects in the highest risk group increased with advancing age, and men were more likely than women to be in this group. By contrast, race or ethnicity had little effect in risk distributions.　　Although the report suggests that most adults have a low 10-year risk of heart disease,a large proportion of them have a high immediate risk, Dr. Daniel Burman, from the Medical Center in Liverpool, noted in a related journal.　　Aggressive treatment measures and public health strategies are needed to shift the overall population risk downward, he said.

　　31 The percentage of most UK adults likely to develop heart disease in the next 10 years is .　　A above 3%. B below 10%.　　C above 20%. D 10% t0 20%　　32 The subjects who participated in the　　A teenagers. B under 20.　　C mid-aged adults.　　D between 22 to 70　　33 Those more likely to develop heart disease are _　　A aged men. B young men.　　C aged women. D white people.　　34 The chance of UK adults to face an immediate threat of heart disease is　　A low. B high C medium. D not mentioned.　　35 The word "aggressive" in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to　　A additional. B defensive.　　C practical. D forceful.

　　第二篇　　Better Control of TB Seen If a Faster Cure Is Found　　The World Health Organization estimates that about one third of all people are infected with bacteria that cause tuberculosis (结核). Most times, the infection remains inactive.　　But each year about eight million people develop cases of TB, usually in their lungs. Two million people die of it. The disease has increased with the spread of AIDS and drug resistant forms of tuberculosis.　　Current treatments take at least six months. Patients have to take a combination of several antibiotic drugs daily. But many people stop as soon as they feel better. Doing that can lead to an infection that resists treatment. Public health experts agree that a faster-　　acting cure for tuberculosis would be more effective. Now a study estimates just how effective it might be. A professor of international health at Harvard University led the study.

　　Joshua Salomon says a shorter treatment program would likely mean not just more patients cured. It would also mean fewer infectious patients who can pass on their infection to others.　　The researchers developed a mathematical model to examine the effects of a two-month treatment plan. They tested the model with current TB conditions in Southeast Asia. The scientists found that a two-month treatment could prevent about 20% of new cases. And it might prevent about 25% of TB deaths. The model shows that these reductions would take place between 2012 and 2030. That is, if a faster cure is developed and in wide use by 2012.　　The World Health Organization developed the DOTS program in 1990. DOTS is Directly Observed Treatment Short-course. earth workers watch tuberculosis patients take their daily pills to make sure they continue treatment.　　Earlier this year, an international partnership of organizations announced a plan to expand the DOTS program. The ten-year plan also aims to finance research into new TB drugs. The four most common drugs used now are more than 40 years old. The Global Alliance for TB Drug Development says its long-term goal is a treatment that could work in as few as ten doses.　　36 The bacteria that cause TB　　A have led to the deaths of 8 million people.　　B remain inactive most times.　　C have encouraged the spread of AIDS.　　D infect about one third of people in the world.　　37 TB patients who stop taking antibiotic drugs may develop　　A lung cancer.　　B diseases that lead to death.　　C an infection resistant to treatment.　　D infections that cannot be treated.　　38 According to Joshua Salomon, a shorter treatment program would mean　　A more patients cured.　　B more infectious patients.　　C less control of TB.　　D reduction in drug-resistant TB forms.　　39 Scientists found that a two-month treatment would lead to　　a 20% reduction of TB deaths.

　　a 20% reduction of new TB cases.　　a 25% increase in TB infections.　　a 25% increase in TB treatment success rates.　　expansion of the DOTS program aims to .　　make sure TB patients take 10 pills each day.　　finance the training of health workers.　　study the side effects of the 4 most common drugs　　support the development of new TB drugs.

　　第三篇　　Dangers Await Babies with Altitude　　Women who live in the world’s highest communities tend to give birth to underweight babies. a new study suggests .These babies may grow into adults with a high risk of heart disease and strokes. .　　Research has hinted that newborns in mountain communities are lighter than average.　　But it wasn't clear whether this is due to reduced oxygen levels at high altitudes or because their mothers are under-nourish-many people who live at high altitudes are relatively poor compared with those living tower down.　　To find out more, Dino Giussain and his team at Cambridge University studied the records of 400 births in Bolivia during 1997 and 1998. The babies were born in bot rich and poor areas of two cities: La Paz and Santa Cruz is the highest city in the world. At 3. 65 kilometer above sea level, while Santa Cruze is much lower. at 0. 44 kilometers.　　Sure enough Giussani found that the average birthweight of babies in La Paz was significantly lower than in Santa Cruz. "This was true in both high and low-income families.　　Even babies born to poor family in Setnta Cruz were behavior on average than babies born to wealthy families in lofty (地势极高的)La Paz. “We were very surprised by this result,"says Giussani.　　The results suggest that babies born at high altitudes are deprived of oxygen before birth. "This may trigger the release that regulate growth of the unborn child," says Giussani.　　His team also found that high-altitude babies tended to have larger heads compared with their bodies. This is probably because a

fetus ( 胚胎) starved of oxygen will send oxygenated blood to the brain in preference to the rest of the body.　　Giussani wants to find out if such babies have a higher risk of disease in later life.　　People born in La Paz might be prone to heart trouble in adulthood, for example. Low birthweight is a risk factor for coronary (冠状的) heart disease. And newborns with a high ratio of head size to body weight are often predisposed to high blood pressure and strokes in later life.　　41 What does the new study discover?　　A Babies born to wealthy families are heavier. .　　B Newborns in cities are lighter than average.　　C Low-altitude babies have a high risk of health disease in later life　　D Women living at high altitudes tend to give birth to underweight .　　42 Giussani and his team are sure that　　A people living in La Paz are poor than those in Santa Cruz.　　B the birthweight of babies born to wealthy families is above average.

　　43 It can be inferred from what Giussani says 铺 Paragraph 4 that　　A he was very tired. .:　　B the finding was unexpected.　　C the study took longer than expected.　　D he was surprised to find low-income families in La Paz　　44 The results of the study indica:k3 the reason for the birth of underweight babies is　　A lack of certain nutrition.　　B poverty of their mothers. .　　C reduction of oxygen levels.　　D different family backgrounds.　　45 It can be learnt from the last paragraph that　　A underweight babies have a shorter life span.

　　B high-altitude babies tend to have high blood pressure in their later life. ; :　　C babies born to poor families lack certain hormones before birth.　　D newborns in wealthy families have larger heads compared with their bodies

　　第 5 部分：补全短文(第 46—50 题，每题 2 分，共 10 分)

　　下面的短文有 5 处空白，短文后有 6 个句子，其申 5 个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分另 9 放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。　　Change for a Better Future　　Many readers have written to us about their reaction to the ban on plastic (塑料 ) bags, which began on the first day of this month. Nearly all said, despite the convenience of super-thin plastic bags, they. are still willing to kick the habit because they realize the harm the bags cause to our environment. -　　(46) And this year's slogan for World Environment Day is " Kick the Habit Towards a Low Carbon Economy!" White this theme focuses on climate change and reducing greenhouse gases emission (散发), the same spirit applies to China's effort to eliminate the use of highly-polluting plastic bags plastic bags is felt strongly among come in handy (有用的) when the breakfast while dashing to morning, them precisely because students pick up tea-leaf classes. _ _ (48) However, the ban on

　　of their lifestyle: Plastic bags eggs or pancakes (煎饼) for In addition, the readers suggested that the other habits, the ones many of us notice, may also contribute to the deterioration (恶化) of

the environment: excessive tap water when rinsing (冲洗) washed clothes, leaving the tights on when nobody's dorm, throwing used batteries out with the ordinary tra9h (垃圾)(49)They called on others to follow suit. This position by college students is inspiring(50)　　A Let's give up smoking.

　　B lf we can change the way we live now, it obviously will have a positive effect in the future.　　C While these may seem unimportant and aren't banned by law, our readers said they are willing to change these aspects of their daily lives.　　D In fact, college students aren't usually considered big polluters due to their relatively　　simple way of living.　　E Even though ban will inconvenience them, our readers expressed a willingness to change their habits in order to help the environment.

　　F Coincidentally(碰巧) , last Thursday, June 5, was World Environment  Day.

　　第 6 部分：完形填空(第 51。65 题，每题 1 分，共 15 分)

　　F 面的短文有 15 处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定 1 个最佳选项　　Spoilt for Choice　　Some research which was recently carried out in Britain has confirmed what many ordinary shoppers have suspected for quite a long time. Having a goods to choose from is not necessarily a ( 51 ) selection of ( 52 ) to consumers. The average supermarket in Britain has around 40,000 different products on sale at any one time and if you're ( 53 ) of buying a car, then there are actually around l, 600 different (54) on the market In one sense, choice which best suit our needs. is a good thing because it But choice can also over 400 brands of shampoo on the market, how does the information necessary to choose between them (55)us to buy those products which best suit our needs.But choice can also ( 56 ) something the consumer of a problem. With ( 57) hold of　　For some people the solution is to buy only well-known brands, whilst  others are happy to be the he had of 61　　(58) by advertising. There is evidence,( 59 ) , that for some people (60) of choice available to them in Britain's consumer society is actually a of anxiety and stress. One man interviewed by the researchers admitted that　　(62) out to buy his girlfriend a mobile phone for her birthday, but was so ( 63 ) by the number of different types on offer in the shop that he and decided to buy her a bundle (束) of flowers _

　　51 A deep B wide C long D tall　　52 A profit B favour C gain D value　　53 A considering B thinking C planning D hoping　　55 A allows B lets .C makes D labels　　56 A report B respect C review D leaves　　57 A get B come C have D represent　　58 A suggested B persuaded C proposed D put　　59 A therefore B moreover C however D whether　　60 A rank B height C volume D signalled　　61 A spring B reason C source D motive　　62 A set B found C worked D Turn　　63 A confused B complicated C disorganized D misunderstood　　64 A hung B gave C held D kept　　65 A too B likewise C instead D yet