Figures of Speech
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Transcript of Figures of Speech
RHETORIC SUMMARY
Rhetoric is the art or discipline that deals with the use of
discourse, either spoken or written(or visual), to inform,
persuade and motivate an audience.
Claiming that “rhetoric is a useful skill”, which ”turns a week
man into a strong one,”Aristotle defines rhetoric as ”the
power to observe the persuasiveness of which any particular
matter admits”
(the skill to observe/detect the persuasive aspects in any
subject matter and to use them for argument).
Figures of Speech:• Figures of Speech: Figures of speech are any artful deviations from ordinary mode
of speaking, writing, or visualization . As a means of departure from the ordinary
ways of expressing an idea, they endow communication with strong dynamic
tension. In the class we will examine a specific class of rhetorical figures called
troupes. For this purpose, we will use the following categorization:
• IRONY
• ANTITHESIS
• METAPHOR/SMILE
• PERSONIFICATION
• METONYMY
• SYNECDOCHE
• PERIPHRASIS
• PUNS
• AMPLICATION
• HYPERBOLE
• LITOTES
IRONY:
Use of a word in such a way as to
convey a meaning opposite to the
literal meaning.
e.g. Robbing the savings of a poor
man is certainly a noble act.
Irony
irony
Irony2
irony
ANTITHESIS:
Placing contrasting terms of ideas
together to emphasize their
differences and give the effect of
balance.
e.g. A small step for a man, one
giant leap for mankind.
Antithesis
antithesis
Antithesis2
antithesis
Antithesis3
antithesis
Antithesis4
antithesis
Antithesis5
antithesis
METAPHOR: An implied comparison
between two things of unlike nature
that have yet something in
common.
metaphor
metaphor
metaphor2
metaphor
metaphor3
metaphor
metaphor4
metaphor
metaphor5
metaphor(metonymy, periphrase)
metaphor6
metaphor(synecdoche, periphrase)
metaphor7
metaphor(metonymy)
PERSONIFICATION: Comparison
whereby human qualities are assigned
to inanimate objects or to abstractions.
e.g. The houses in the valley seemed to
be a sleep.
personification
personification
personification2
personification(amplification)
personification3
personification(hyperbole)
personification4
personification
personification5
personification
METONYMY: Substitution of some
attributive or suggestive word for what is
actually meant. The thing what is really
meant is represented by something
closely associated with it.
e.g. crown for royalty, pen for authors,
gold for money, bottle for alcohol, ear for
music.
metonymy
metonymy
metonymy2
metonymy(synecdoche)
metonymy3
metonymy(metaphor, periphrase)
metonymy4
metonymy
metonymy5
metonymy(metaphor)
metonymy6
metonymy(synecdoche)
synecdoche
SYNECDOCHE: Part stands for hole
and thus something else is
understood within the thing
mentioned. Bread for food, hand for
helpers, steel for sword.
synecdoche
synecdoche(metaphor, periphrase)
synecdoche2
synecdoche(amplification, hyperbole)
synecdoche3
synecdoche
synecdoche4
synecdoche
synecdoche5
synecdoche(metonymy)
synecdoche6
synecdoche(amplification, periphrases)
PERIPHRASES: The indirect reference by
means of well-known attributes or
characteristics. Substitution of a
descriptive word or phrase for a proper
name.
e.g. He is Pollyanna. /She has gone to
be better world.
periphrases
periphrase(metaphor, metonymy)
periphrases2
periphrase(amplification, synecdoche)
PUN: Play upon words, two or more
meaning appear in one word or in two
words of identical or similar sound.
e.g. There is a certain type of a woman
who‘d rather press grapes than clothes.
pun
pun
pun2
pun(amplification)
AMPLIFICATION: The expansion of a
topic through the assemblage of
relevant particulars.
e.g. He went to see the world : the east,
the west, the north, and the south.
amplification
amplification
amplification2
amplification
amplification3
amplification
amplification4
amplification(synechdoche, periphrases)
amplification5
amplification(personification)
amplification6
amplification(hyperbole)
HYPERBOLE: The usage of exaggerated
terms for the purpose of emphasis or
heightened effect, emphasized by
saying more than what is really meant,
or more than is literally true.
e.g. She swept a tone of mud through
the hallway.
hyperbole
hyperbole
hyperbole2
hyperbole
hyperbole3
hyperbole(personification)
hyperbole4
hyperbole
hyperbole5
hyperbole
hyperbole6
hyperbole
hyperbole7
hyperbole
LITOTES: Under statement. It can be
considered as the opposite of
hyperbole.
e.g. It is a small world after all.
litotes
litotes
litotes2
litotes