The Effects of ____ on ____ for ____ (students) Candidate Spring 2008 Behavior change.ppt.
fighting climate change.ppt
Transcript of fighting climate change.ppt
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Climate change threatens the entire human family.
Yet it also provides an opportunity to come togetherand forge a collective response to a global problem.
It is my hope that we will rise as one to face thischallenge, and leave a better world for future
generations.
Ban Ki- moon, Secretary General of the United
Nations.
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Pakistan HDI Comparison
HDI ValueLife Expectancy
at birth
Adult Literacy rate(% ages 15and older)
Combined primary,secondary andtertiary gross
enrolment ratio (%)
GDP percapita(PPP US
$)
Year 2006 2007 2006 2007 2006 2007 2006 2007 2006 2007
Ranking 134 136 123 123 116 124 158 158 124 127
Value 0.539 0.551 63.4 64.6 49.9 49.9 38.4 40 2.225 2.37
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Pakistan GDI Comparison
HumanPoverty
Index (HPI-I) 2004
Probabilityof not
servingpast age 40
(%)
Adultilliteracyrate (%
ages 15 andolder)
Peoplewithoutaccess toimproved
watersource (%)
2004
childrenunderweight
for age(% ages 0-5)
2004
Year2006
20072006
2007 2006 2007 20062007
2006 2007
Rank 65 77 117 118 106 149 38 35 121 122
Value 36.3 36.2 16.1 15.4 50.1 50.1 9 9 38 38
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Regional Comparison Of Gender-RelatedDevelopment
Gender-relatedDevelopmentIndex (GDI)
Gender-EmpowermentMeasure (GEM)
HumanDevelopmentIndex (HDI)
Country Value Rank Value Rank Value Rank
Sri Lanka0.735 89 0.369 85 0.743 99
India
0.600 113 NA NA 0.619 128
Bangladesh
0.539 121 0.379 81 0.551 136
Pakistan0.525 125 0.377 82 0.547 140
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MDGs and Climate Change
Millennium Development Goals Climate Change Risks
MDG 1Eradicate extreme poverty and
hunger
Depleted livelihood assets, reducedeconomic growth, and undermined foodsecurity.
MDG 2Achieve universal primary
education
Reduced ability of children to participatein full-time education by loss ofinfrastructure, livelihoods (forcing children to
work), and displaced families.
MDG 3Promote gender equality and
empower women
Additional burdens on women's health andtime to participate in decision-making and
income-generating activities.
MDGs4, 5, 6
Reduce child mortality;
Improve maternal health;
Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and
other diseases
Greater prevalence of vector- and water-borne diseases, heat-related mortality.Declining food security, maternal health and
availability of potable water.
MDG 7Ensure environmental
sustainability
Negatively impacted natural resources andproductive ecosystems.
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The 21st Century
climate challenge
One generation plants a tree;
the next generation gets the shade.Chinese Proverb
You already know enough.So do I. It is not knowledge we lack.
What is missing is the courageto understand what we know
and to draw conclusions.Sven Lindqvist
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Rising CO2 emissions are pushing upstocks & increasing temperatures
In the past 100 yearsthe earth has warmed0.70C
Atmospheric
concentrations of CO2are increasing at 1.9ppm each year. Itreached 379 ppm in2005
Between 2000 and 2005an average of 26 Gt ofCO2 was released intothe atmosphere eachyear
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The Global carbon account
Defining dangerous keeping within2C
Establishing a 21st Century carbonbudget
Defining a sustainable emissions
pathway
The problem ofinertia the case foradaptation
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Some people walk morelightly than others
The UK (population 60 million)emits more CO2 than Egypt,Nigeria, Pakistan and Vietnam(total population 472 million)
The state of Texas (population 23million) has a deeper footprint thanthe whole sub-Saharan Africa (720million people)
The 19 million people living in NewYork have a deeper footprint than
the 766 million people living in the50 least developed countries
The distribution of currentemissions points to an inverserelationship between climate
change vulnerability andresponsibility
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How many planets?
If every person living in the
developing world would have the
same carbon footprint as anaverage person in the US or
Canada, we would need the
equivalent ofnine planets toabsorb the consequent carbon
emissions
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Climate shocks:
risk and vulnerabilityin an unequal world
The countries most vulnerable are least ableto protect themselves. They also contributeleast to the global emissions of greenhouse
gases. Without action they will pay a highprice for the actions of others.
Kofi Annan
Like slavery and apartheid, poverty is
not natural. It is man-made andit can be overcome and eradicated by
the actions of human beings.Nelson Mandela
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Disaster risk is skewed towardsdeveloping countries
1 in 19 people areaffected indeveloping countries
The correspondingnumber is 1 in 1,500in OECD countries
A risk differentialof 79
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The human developmentbackdrop
Poverty, child mortality and malnutrition
There are still around 1 billion people living onless than a dollar a day.
Around 28 percent of children in LDCs are
underweight or stunted. Only 32 countries (of 147) are on track to
achieve the MDG on child mortality
Inequality
More than 80 percentof the worldspopulation lives in countries where incomedifferentials are widening
Underlying inequalities act as a barrier forearly recovery after shocks
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Low human development traps
The potential human costs ofclimate change have beenunderstated
Climate related risks force people into
downward spirals of disadvantage thatundermine future opportunities
In Ethiopia, children exposed to a drought inearly childhood are 36 percent more likely to bemalnourished five years later a figure that
translates into 2 million additional cases ofchild malnutrition
Indian women born during a drought or a floodin the 1970s were 19 percent less likely to everattend primary school
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Five human development tippingpoints
Reduced agricultural productivity
Heightened water insecurity
Increased exposure to extreme
weather events
Collapse ofecosystems
Increased health risks
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Avoiding dangerous
climate change:strategies for mitigation
We shall require a substantially new manner
of thinking if mankind is to survive.Albert Einstein
Alone we can do so little;
together we can do so much.Helen Keller
If you are neutral in a situation of injustice,
you have chosen the side of the oppressor.Archbishop Desmond Tutu
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Avoiding dangerous climatechange strategies for mitigation
Setting mitigation targets: currentproblems
Pricing carbon: the role of markets
The role ofpublic policy: regulationand research & development
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Investing in Adaptation
Additional financing needs for climateproofing infrastructure and building
resilience are estimated to be at least 86
billion by 2015
- Climate proofing infrastructure
- Social protection
- Strengthening disaster response
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Climate changenegotiations in Bali
Towards acomprehensive agreementthat tackles climate change on all frontsincluding adaptation, mitigation,
deforestation, clean technologies andresource mobilization
Four pillars:
Financing for mitigation
Funding for adaptationSupport to capacity development
Mainstreaming climate change (throughtechnology transfer)
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The Human Development Reportunderscores that:
The poor are suffering and will suffer morewith climate change. They are at greatestrisk to face human development reversalsleading to low human development traps.
Climate change is an urgent matter. Weneed to act now.
Both mitigation and adaptation are neededto truly fight climate change and the threatsit poses to humanity.
Rich countries must cut emissions by 30%
by 2020 and 80% by 2050.
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The Human Development Reportunderscores that:
International cooperation on finance and
technology transfer is needed. The report
argues for the creation of a Climate ChangeMitigation Facility.
Extreme inequalities in adaptation capacity
exist. International cooperation has beenslow to materialize. Adaptation plans needs
need to be part of wider strategies of
poverty alleviation.
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The world has less than a decade to avoiddangerous climate change that could bringunprecedented human development reversals
Climate change is a threat to humanity as a whole.But it is the poor, a constituency with noresponsibility for the ecological debt we are runningup, who face the most immediate and most severehuman costs
The Human Development Report 2007/2008 callsfor a twin track approach that combines stringentmitigation to limit 21st Century warming to less than2 degree centigrade, with strengthened international
cooperation on adaptation
The forthcoming conference of the parties in Bali isa unique opportunity to put the interests of theworlds poor and future generations at the heart ofclimate change negotiations
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http:/ /hdr.undp.org