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Fig. 1.8-1 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. l © McGraw-Hill Higher Education, Inc./Eric Wise, photographer

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Transcript of Fig. 1.8-1 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or...

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Fig. 1.8-1Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

l

© McGraw-Hill Higher Education, Inc./Eric Wise, photographer

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Fig. 1.9

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

© McGraw-Hill Higher Education, Inc./Eric Wise, photographer

Upper limb

Lower limb

Plantar (sole)

Calcaneal (heel)

Sural (calf)

Popliteal (hollow behind knee)

Dorsum (back of hand)

Olecranon (point of elbow)

Acromial (point of shoulder)

Cranial (skull)

Perineal (perineum)

Gluteal (buttock)

Sacral (between hips)

Lumbar (loin)

Vertebral (spinal column)

Scapular (shoulder blade)

Nuchal (back of neck)

Occipital (base of skull)

Dorsal(back)

Trunk

(b)

Otic (ear)Buccal (cheek)

Mental (chin)

Clavicular (collarbone)

Axillary (armpit)

Brachial (arm)

Antecubital (front of elbow)

Antebrachial (forearm)

Carpal (wrist)

Manual (hand)Digital (fingers)

Palmar (palm)

Coxal (hip)

Femoral (thigh)

Patellar (kneecap)

Crural (leg)

Talus (ankle)

Digital (toes)

Pedal (foot)Dorsum (top of foot)

Pubic (genital)Inguinal (groin)Pelvic (pelvis)

Umbilical (navel)Abdominal (abdomen)

Mammary (breast)

Sternal (breastbone)

Pectoral (chest)Thoracic(thorax)

Neck

Head(cephalic)

Frontal (forehead)Orbital (eye)

Oral (mouth)

Nasal (nose)

Cervical

TrunkUpper limb

Lower limb

(a)

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Fig. 1.8Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Proximal

Distal

Inferior

Superior

Distal

Proximal

Inferior

Distal

Midline

Right Left

Proximal

Anterior

(Ventral)

Superior

(Dorsal)

Posterior

Lateral

Medial

© McGraw-Hill Higher Education, Inc./Eric Wise, photographer

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Fig. 1.11 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Nasal cavity

Pharynx (throat)

Tongue

Stomach

Largeintestine

Spleen

Kidney

Vertebra

Liver

Kidney

Spinalcord

Transverse,or horizontal,plane

Sagittalplane

Frontal, orcoronal, plane

TracheaVertebralcolumn

Spinal cord

CerebellumBrainstem

Cerebrum

(b) Sagittal section of the head

(c) Transverse section through the abdomen

(d) Frontal section through the right hip

(a) Coxal bone(hipbone)

Thigh muscles

Femur(thighbone)

Hip muscle

SkinFat

a: © McGraw-Hill Higher Education, Inc./Eric Wise, photographer; b–d: © R. T Hutchings

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Fig. 1.12 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Obliquesection

Transversesection

Intestine

Longitudinal section

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Fig. 1.3a Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Digestive System

Performs the mechanical and chemicalprocesses of digestion, absorption ofnutrients, and elimination of wastes. Consistsof the mouth, esophagus, stomach,intestines, and accessory organs.

Respiratory System

Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxidebetween the blood and air and regulatesblood pH. Consists of the lungs andrespiratory passages.

Lymphatic System

Removes foreign substances from the bloodand lymph, combats disease, maintainstissue fluid balance, and absorbs fats fromthe digestive tract. Consists of the lymphaticvessels, lymph nodes, and other lymphaticorgans.

Integumentary System

Provides protection, regulates temperature,prevents water loss, and helps producevitamin D. Consists of skin, hair, nails, andsweat glands.

Muscular System

Produces body movements, maintainsposture, and produces body heat. Consists ofmuscles attached to the skeleton by tendons.

Skeletal System

Provides protection and support, allowsbody movements, produces blood cells, andstores minerals and fat. Consists of bones,associated cartilages, ligaments, and joints.

Rectusabdominis

Bicepsbrachii

Pectoralismajor

TemporalisSkull

Clavicle

Sternum

Humerus

Vertebralcolumn

Radius

Ulna

Femur

Tibia

Fibula

Pelvis

RibsSkin

Hair

Thymus

Axillarylymphnode

Lymphaticvessel

Inguinallymph node

Spleen

Thoracicduct

Mammaryplexus

Cervicallymphnode

TonsilsNose

Nasalcavity

Lungs

Bronchi

Trachea

Larynx

Pharynx(throat)

Pharynx(throat)

Oral cavity(mouth)

Liver

Gallbladder

Appendix

Rectum

Anus

Largeintestine

Smallintestine

Pancreas

Stomach

Esophagus

Salivaryglands

Gastrocnemius

Quadricepsfemoris

Sartorius

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Fig. 1.3b

Nervous System

A major regulatory system that detectssensations and controls movements,physiological processes, and intellectualfunctions. Consists of the brain, spinal cord,nerves, and sensory receptors.

Endocrine System

A major regulatory system that influencesmetabolism, growth, reproduction, and manyother functions. Consists of glands, such asthe pituitary, that secrete hormones.

Cardiovascular System

Transports nutrients, waste products, gases,and hormones throughout the body; plays arole in the immune response and theregulation of body temperature. Consists ofthe heart, blood vessels, and blood.

Male Reproductive System

Produces and transfers sperm cells tothe female and produces hormones thatinfluence sexual functions and behaviors.Consists of the testes, accessory structures,ducts, and penis.

Urinary System

Removes waste products from the blood andregulates blood pH, ion balance, and waterbalance. Consists of the kidneys, urinarybladder, and ducts that carry urine.

Female Reproductive System

Produces oocytes and is the site of fertilizationand fetal development; produces milk for thenewborn; produces hormones that influencesexual function and behaviors. Consists of theovaries, vagina, uterus, mammary glands, andassociated structures.

Seminalvesicle

Prostategland

Testis

PenisEpididymis

Ductusdeferens

Mammarygland(in breast)

Uterinetube

Uterus

Ovary

Kidney

Ureter

Urinarybladder

Urethra

Femoralartery andvein

Aorta

Pulmonarytrunk

Superiorvena cava

Carotidartery

Jugularvein

Heart

Brachialartery

Inferiorvena cavaTestes

(male)

Pancreas(islets)

Parathyroids(posteriorpart ofthyroid)

Pinealgland

Ovaries(female)

Adrenals

Thymus

Thyroid

Pituitary

Hypothalamus

Caudaequina

Nerve

Spinal cord

Brain

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Vagina

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