Field(i) outline of japanese school system (slides)

Tsutomu HORIUCHITsutomu HORIUCHITsutomu HORIUCHI

（（（JAPANESE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM & PRACTICEJAPANESE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM & PRACTICEJAPANESE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM & PRACTICE PART 1PART 1PART 1）））

1 The School System in Japan2 Pre-School Education3 Elementary Schools4 Lower Secondary Schools5 Six-year secondary Schools6 Upper Secondary Schools7 Colleges of Technology8 University System (Colleges, Graduate Schools)9 Schools for the Handicapped

10 Specialized Training Colleges and Miscellaneous Schools

11 Modernization of Japan and the Public Education System

FieldFieldFieldⅠⅠⅠ Outline of Japanese School SystemOutline of Japanese School SystemOutline of Japanese School System

Center for Research on International Cooperation in Educational Center for Research on International Cooperation in Educational Center for Research on International Cooperation in Educational Development (CRICED)Development (CRICED)Development (CRICED)University of Tsukuba, JAPANUniversity of Tsukuba, JAPANUniversity of Tsukuba, JAPAN

URL. http://URL. http://URL. http://www.criced.tsukuba.ac.jp/keieiwww.criced.tsukuba.ac.jp/keieiwww.criced.tsukuba.ac.jp/keiei///

1

■Change from a dual system to a single-track school system●Change from dual system before World War Ⅱ to single-track school system after that;●6-3 school system

■Change from single-track school system to dual system●The system of colleges of technology (the levels of upper secondary education + lower higher education)●Secondary school system (the levels of lower secondary education as compulsory education + upper

secondary education as non-compulsory education）

■Primary and collateral education●Schools defined in Article 1 of the School Education Law as primary schools

(ten school types are provided by Article 1 of the School Education Law: elementary schools, lower secondary schools,

upper secondary schools, six-year secondary schools, universities, colleges of technology, schools for the blind, schools for the deaf, schools for the mentally or physically handicapped, and kindergartens)

●Specialized training colleges and miscellaneous schools as “collateral” education

■Increasing elasticity and flexibility of education in a life-long learning society●Cooperation and interaction between school and out-of-school education●Dissolution of uniformity and closeness in school systems

（Ⅰ－１）

The school system in Japan

2（Ⅰ－２）


Higher Education

18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27

13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

Advanced Doctorate CourseUniversities

5-year Doctoral Program

Preparatory Doctorate Course

Junior Colleges

Master’s Program

Pre-school Education Elementary Education Secondary Education

1

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Compulsory Education

Elementary DepartmentLower

Secondary Department

Upper Secondary Department

Kindergarten Department

( E d u c a t i o n f o r H a n d i c a p p e d C h i l d r e n )En

tranc

e Ex

amin

atio

nQ

ualif

ying

Cer

tific

ate

Exa

min

atio

n

Elementary SchoolsLower

Secondary Schools

Upper Secondary

Schools

Kindergartens

Part-time

Correspondence

Colleges of Techno

Special Training

Miscellaneous

Technology

Colleges

Schools

Six-year Secondary Schools

3（Ⅰ－３）

University

grammar schools

・・・・・

System “from top to bottom.”

・・・・・Basic EducationSchool

・・Vocational School

・・・・・

Bottom to top school systems


4

Elementary school

Kindergarten Lower secondary school Higher secondary school

（Ⅰ－４）

Elementary schoolElementary school


5

■Kindergartens●Educational facilities that are superintended by MEXT

●They target children from 3 to 5 years old

●Established by the state, autonomous regional entities and scholastic corporations

■Integration of two tier systems of pre-school education

●The dualism of day care centers and kindergartens

●The demand for unification due to declining birth rates, changes in work situations, administrative and financial efficiency, etc.

（Ⅰ－５）

Pre-school Education

6Kindergartens and Nursery schools

年齢（歳） 0 1 2 3 4 5

幼稚園 →小学校

保育所 →小学校

Age

Kindergarten

Nursery school

Elementary school

Elementary school

（Ⅰ－６）


7

14,061 49 5,649 8,363

Total 1,753,393 6,626 356,770 1,389,997

3 years old 410,228 1,210 41,311 367,707

4 years old 642,804 2,731 135,415 504,658

5 years old 700,361 2,685 180,044 517,632

109,806 329 25,704 83,773

Number of Kindergartens

Num

ber o

f Kin

derg

arte

ners

Number of Full-timeTeachers

Classifications Total National Public Private

Statistics data about Kindergartens

As of May 1st, 2004

（Ⅰ－７）


8July, 2004（Ⅰ－８）


9（Ⅰ－９）

Elementary Schools■Establishment●Establishment by the State, local governments, and incorporated

educational institutions●Compulsory school establishment (municipalities) and compulsory

school enrollment (person who has parental authority)

■Management●Management and expense burdens by founders

Principle of management of founder, expense-burden - Article 5, the School Education Law

●System of the National Treasury’s Share of Compulsory Education Expenditure●System of teaching staff supported by prefectural funds●Administration by municipal board of education

10Management Structure of Public Compulsory Education School（Ⅰ－１０）

Elementary Schools

Prefecture(Board of education)

Compulsory Education School (Elementary school)

Municipalty(Board of education)

Guidance, advice, assistance

Appointment and dismissal / share of

allowance of teaching staff supporting by prefectural fund

Supervision of teaching staff supporting by prefectural fund

The Course of Study Textbook authorizationShare of Compulsory

Education Expenditure


State(MEXT)

(MEXT: Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology)

11Statistical data about elementary school

As of May 1, 2004

Number of Schools 23,420 73 23,160 187

Number of Classes 274,062 1,279 270,715 2,068

Number ofStudents

7,200,933 46,958 7,084,675 69,300

Number of Full-time Teachers

414,908 1,763 409,665 3,480

Category Total National Public Private

（Ⅰ－１１）

Elementary Schools

12Elementary School （The Period of Integrated Study）June, 2004

（Ⅰ－１２）

Elementary Schools

13

■Objectives●Individual lower secondary educational institutions in a single-track 6-3-3-4

school system●A guarantee of the secondary education as compulsory educational institutions

■Establishment●Establishment by the state, regional bodies or educational corporations●Municipalities’ obligation to establish compulsory school and obligation of

a person who has parental authority to enroll children for compulsory school ●Dualization of compulsory secondary education by putting lower secondary

schools under the authority of prefectures

■Administration●Administration and expense-burden by the founder （Principle of management

of founder, expense-burden : §5 the School Education Law ）●System of the National Treasury's Share of Compulsory Education Expenditures●The system of teaching staff supported by prefectural funds●Administration of the municipal board of education

（Ⅰ－１３）

Lower Secondary Schools

14Management Structure of Public Compulsory Education School（Ⅰ－１４）


Compulsory Education School (lower secondary school)

Prefecture(Board of education)

Municipalty(Board of education)


Appointment and dismissal / share of

allowance of teaching staff supporting by prefectural fund

Supervision of teaching staff supporting by prefectural fund

The Course of Study Textbook authorizationShare of Compulsory

Education Expenditure


State(MEXT)

(MEXT: Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology)

15As of May 1, 2004

（Ⅰ－１５）


Number of Schools 11,102 76 10,317 709

Number of Classes 118,275 864 110,798 6,613

Number of Students 3,663,513 33,453 3,394,055 236,005

Number of Full-time teachers

249,794 1,640 235,317 12,837


Statistical data about lower secondary school

16November 2004（Ⅰ－１６）


17

■Aim:●to eliminate the discontinuity of secondary education caused by different philosophies

between lower secondary schools and upper secondary schools; ●to provide lower secondary schools and upper secondary schools with consistency

■Formation or establishment:●“secondary schools” are established as individual schools;●public secondary schools are established by prefectures and municipalities;●kinds of secondary education

- secondary school- lower and upper secondary school in annex-type- lower and upper secondary school in tie-up-type

■System●term: six years (lower division: three years; upper division: three years)● public school: school fees are not collected in lower division ●public school: entrance selection is not based on achievement test ●it is possible to transfer to lower secondary schools and upper secondary schools on the

way．

（Ⅰ－１７）


18（Ⅰ－１８）


a. 6-year Secondary schools Lower division (3 years) Upper division (3 years)

1 2 5 6

b. Annex-type Lower secondary school (3 years) Upper secondary school (3 years)

1 2 3 4 5 6

c. Tie-up-type Lower secondary school (3 years)

1 2 3 Upper secondary school (3 years)

4 5 6

＋

＋

3 4

Types of 6-year secondary school education

19Statistical data on six-year secondary schools

18 2 7 9

Number of LowerDivisions 6,051 1,419 1,277 3,355

Number of UpperDivisions 2,136 696 230 1,210

470 87 136 247

Numb

er of

Stud

ents

Number of Schools


Classification Total National Public Private

May 1, 2004

（Ⅰ－１９）


20October 2004（Ⅰ－２０）


21（Ⅰ－２１）

Upper Secondary Schools

■ Types of upper secondary school systems:●Full-time school - part-time course - correspondence course●Grade system – credit system●Ordinary education department - Specialized education department

- Comprehensive department●General education course - Advanced course - Specialized course

■Educational Curriculum of upper secondary school: ●Subjects, Special Activities and Integrated Study ●Ordinary subjects and subjects for specialized education ●Requirements for graduation: more than 74 credits

22Diversification of school education after compulsory education

中学校

Upper secondary school

専修学校(高等課程－高等専修学校)

各種学校

Lower secondary school

Full-time course – Part-time course – Correspondence course

The preceding course of college of technology

The last term of six-year secondary school

Specialized training college (upper course – upper specialized training college)

Miscellaneous school

Grade course – credit course

Ordinary education course – Specialized education course – Comprehensive course

General course – Advanced course

（Ⅰ－２２）


23Statistics on higher secondary education

Number ofSchools 5,429 15 4,093 1,321

Number ofSubjects 8,242

Number ofStudents 3,719,048 8,853 2,612,679 1,097,516

Number of Full-time Teachers 255,605 594 194,925 60,086

General Courses：4,990／Vocational EducationCourses：2,998／Comprehensive Courses：189

Classification Total National Public Peivate

May 1, 2004

（Ⅰ－２３）


(Number of subjects: 2002)

24（Ⅰ－２４）

①

②

May 2005


25（Ⅰ－２５）

Colleges of Technology

■Characteristics● Set up in 1967 by requests from business circles● 5-year technical educational institution after compulsory education● Industrial course and mercantile course as special fields

(Departments include also Information and Management)●Have both characteristics of the upper course of secondary

education (upper secondary school) and the lower course of higher education (junior college)

●Modification of single track school system – systematic end-up and transfer to universities

■Organization●Departments as educational organizations●Grade / Class system – 40 students per class● Teachers’ organization based on university and management

organization based on non-university

26Institutional Position of College of Technology（Ⅰ－２６）


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Primary SchoolLowerSecondarySchool

UpperSecondarySchool

College of Technology

University・JuniorCollege

27Statistical data about college of technology

As of May 1, 2004 (Type of college of technology: 2002)

（Ⅰ－２７）


Number of Schools 63 55 5 3

College of Technology：57 49 5 3

Maritime Technologyetc：5 5 0 0

Number of Students 56,076 49,272 4,532 2,272

Advance Rate toUniversities or Upper

Schools3,929 （39.2） 3,557

（40.7）242

（29.8）130

（28.0）

Number of Full-timeTeachers 4,473 3,936 379 158

Type of College ofTechnology


28①

② ③ ④

（Ⅰ－２８）


June 2005

29（Ⅰ－２９）

Universities (Colleges, Graduate schools)■Ideas and Types of University Institutions●Higher educational institutions – Post-secondary educational institutions

– Tertiary educational institutions●Colleges – universities – graduate schools●The 2-year basis – the 3-year basis – the 4-year basis – (the 5-year basis)

– the 6-year basis■Particularities of Universities in Japan●Quantitative expansion – mass education●Examination competition and university stratification●Respect for research functions and disrespect for educational functions■Current Reforms of University Education●The decline in birth rates, reorganization and integration of universities●The conversion of colleges into 4-year universities●Turning national universities into newly independent administrative

institutions●professional graduate schools

30Management System of National University Corporations

President

Director

Committee on nomination of

president of school

PresidentExecutives / Staffs

Members outside school(more than 2/1)

PresidentExecutives

Heads of DepartmentsOthers

Administrative conference Board of directors

Educational Research Assembly

Manager

（Ⅰ－３０）

Universities (Colleges, Graduate schools)

31Statistical data on junior colleges and graduate schools

〈University〉

〈Junior College〉

May 1, 2004

May 1, 2002


Number of Students 2,809,295 624,389 122,864 2,062,042


158,770 60,897 11,188 86,685





12,740 240 1,418 11,082


（Ⅰ－３１）


32Examination by the national center for university entrance examination（Ⅰ－３２）


January 2005

33

■Establishment:●Prefectural government

■Class:●Special class － eight students●Special schools for the disabled：elementary and lower

secondary department - six students, upper secondary department – eight students, class for multiple-handicapped – three students

●Fixing flexible criteria by each prefectural government

■System of school for the handicapped with elasticity and flexibility:●Multiple and severe handicaps and diverse

disabilities●Specially supported education

（Ⅰ－３３）

Schools for the Handicapped

34The Classification of Schools and Classes for the Handicapped

■Schools for the handicappedSchools for the blind, schools for the deaf, schools for the

handicapped other than the blind and deaf－mentally retarded, physically disabled and the health impaired

■Classes for the handicappedMentally retarded, physically disabled, the health impaired, partially sighted,hard of hearing and others

■Resource classroom system

■Visiting education

（Ⅰ－３４）


35Statistical data on schools for the disabled

Schools for the Blind 71 1 68 2

Schools for the Deaf 106 1 104 1Schools for the Handicapped otherthan the blind and the deaf 822 43 767 12

Schools for the Blind 3,870 182 3,597 91

Schools for the Deaf 6,573 273 6,235 65Schools for the Handicapped otherthan the blind and the deaf 88,353 2,597 85,097 659

Schools for the Blind 3,409 83 3,288 38

Schools for the Deaf 4,935 88 4,816 31Schools for the Handicapped otherthan the blind and the deaf 53,912 1,279 52,443 190

Number of

Schools

Number of

Students

Number of Full-

time Teachers


May 1, 2004

（Ⅰ－３５）


36①②

（Ⅰ－３６）


March 2005

37

■Characteristics●“non-regular” institutions of education (schools not defined in the Article 1

of the School Education Law)●Specialized training college as institutionalization of miscellaneous schools●Life-long learning society and diversification of educational opportunities■Institutional Position●Specialized training college – equal to upper secondary education or higher education●Miscellaneous school – school that does not come under any article of any law,

modeled after specialized training college, private school for preparing students for entry into a university, schools for foreigners

■Establishment●State●Local governments●Others – not necessarily to be a corporation

Miscellaneous school – have necessary economic base, knowledge / experience, social confidence

■Sphere of Education●industry, agriculture, medical care, hygiene, education / social welfare, commerce,

dressing / domestic science, liberal arts （Ⅰ－３７）

Specialized Training Colleges and Miscellaneous Schools

38（Ⅰ－３８）


■Curriculum ●Higher course: Graduation from lower secondary school is required.●Advanced course:

Graduation from upper secondary school is required.●General course: Not required

■Criteria●Term: more than one year●Period: more than 800 periods per year

(more than 450 periods in case of evening course)●The number of students: more than 40●The number of teachers and the area of school buildings:

minimum based on course, department and the number of students

39

Statistics on Specialized Training Colleges

Number of Schools 3,444 15 201 3,228


Number of Full-timeTeachers 40,663 164 2,634 37,865


Statistics on Miscellaneous Schools

As of May 1, 2004

（Ⅰ－３９）


Number of Schools 1,878 20 1,858

Number of Students 178,117 － 1,344 176,773

Number of Full-timeTeachers 11,267

－82 11,185


Statistical data about Specialized Training Colleges and Miscellaneous Schools

40

①

⑤④③②

（Ⅰ－４０）


(July 2005)

41

Background and requirement

●Maturity of late Edo periodEconomy-’Economy of selling rice’

Development of commercial capital, establishment of exchange trust economy, maintenance of distribution and transportation Single commodity (United States) same price一

Religion and Culture – ‘Laicized medieval times’Primacy of political power over religious power

Coexistence of Buddhism, Shinto, Confucianism Education – ‘world’s best literacy rate’

Political no-control on educationFor a period of time, there were about 20000 ‘Terakoya’ which was an educational institutions of the people

●Opening up the country – modernization and balance of power – intra-temporal involvement of great powers●No corruption of political power - Confucianism as ethos

The modern school system and western model●Educational System (1872) –system: France, philosophy: England, educational method: the United States of America● 「Education Ordinance」（1879) –American liberalism and noncompulsory school attendance● 「Amended Education Ordinance」(1880)- German style state control-oriented education

Arinori Mori and Japanese style public education●Understanding public education – ‘Nourishment of national spirit’( formation of the nation by the state) ● Four School Ordinance (Primary School Ordinance, Lower Secondary School Ordinance、University Ordinance、Normal School Ordinance and clarification

of the objective●‘Late capitalist state’ and promotion of efficiency of government initiated public education management●‘Imperial Rescript on Education’(1890) and promotion of vocational education

Establishment of Emperor-ruled nation and establishment of compulsory education system●No tuition fee charged for compulsory education (1900)and increase of school enrollment●Extension of compulsory education to 6 years (1907)

Establishment of public education system in the Meiji period and the development within the framework●Improvement of higher education and expansion of education opportunity● 「Taisho Liberal Education」and new education movement●World War Ⅱ and trend toward militarism in education

Post war education reform and democratization of education

（Ⅰ－４１）

Modernization of Japan & the Public Education System

42

Composition(1)Part 1Ⅰ Outline of Japanese

School System41 slides

1 The School system in Japan2 Pre-school Educational

Institution System3 Elementary Schools System4 Lower Secondary Schools

System5 Six-year secondary schools

System6 Upper secondary schools

System7 Colleges of Technology System8 System of University (Colleges,

Graduate schools)9 System of Schools for the

Handicapped10 System of Specialized Training

Colleges and Miscellaneous Schools

11 Modernization of Japan & Public Education System

Ⅱ Japanese Educational Administration & Finance

87 slides

1 System of Law2 Fundamental Law of Education3 Movement of the Reforms of Education

Administration (1) 4 Movement of the Reforms of Education

Administration (2)5 The Board of Education6 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports,

Science and Technology (MEXT)7 Guidance Administration by MEXT8 Educational Finance and the Burden

Structure9 Schools Provided by the School Education

Law10 Establishment and Management of School11 Criteria of School Facilities and Criteria of

Class Size12 Enrollment and No-Attendance13 Self-Evaluation / Third Party Evaluation of

School14 Disclosure of Educational Information15 School Councilor System16 Textbooks and Supplementary Materials 17 Disciplinary action against children and

students18 Specially Supported Education System19 Student of Permitted Enrollment System20 Education of Children in Isolated Areas21 Evening Lower Secnondary School22 Lower Secondary Equibalency Examination

Ⅲ Japanese Social Education43 slides

1 Social Education Facilities 1 (Citizen’s Public Hall )

2 Social Education Facilities 2 (Library)

3 Social Education Facilities 3 (Museum)

4 Supervisor for Social Education5 House for Youth & Children’s

Natural House6 Social Educational Organization7 Social Correspondence Education8 Social Physical Education & Life-

long Sport9 Cultural Center （Private Profit

Social Education Business）

Composition(1)

43

Composition(2)Part 2

Ⅳ Organization & Implementation of Curriculum74 slides

(1) Outline1 Total Structure of Curriculum2 Process of Curriculum Development

(2) Organaization of Curriculum3 Educational Objectives & Curriculum4 Curriculum & Course of Study

(3) Implementation of Curriculum5 Organization of Units & Material Study6 Lesson Plan7 Evaluation of Study8 Evaluation of Class, Evaluation of

Curriculum 9 Formation of Guidance

(4) Examples of Curriculum Activities10 Subjects in Elementary School11 Moral Education12 Special Activities 1 (Class Activities)13 Special Activities 2 (Students Council)14 Special Activities 3 (Club Activities)15 The Period of Integrated Study16 Club Activities

Ⅴ Classroom Management43 slides

1 Classroom Management Plan2 Class Objectives3 Class Activities, Group Activities, Day

Duty4 Class Newsletters5 Group Activities of the Various Aged6 Non-attendance at school7 Measures of non-attendance at

school8 Visits to Children’s Homes9 School counselor

10 Guidance Meeting11 Class fee

Ⅵ School Management34 slides

1 School Management2 School Management

Plan3 Educational Goals of

School4 Curriculum Management5 Teachers’ Meeting6 Principal’s Duty &

Competence7 Principal8 School Management

Duties9 Head-teacher System

10 School Assessment11 Evaluation of Teachers12 Risk Management of

School13 System of School

Choice

Composition(2)

44

Composition(3)

Ⅷ Teacher’s Qualifications・Training

40 slides

１ Teacher’s Qualifications２ Pre-service Training of Teachers ３ Equivalency Examination of Teacher's

Qualification４ Appointment of Teacher５ In-service Training６ In-service training within own school ７ School-leader’s Training８ Teachers’ Salaries９ Punishment for Teachers

Part 2

Ⅶ Cooperation between School and Local Community

75 slides

1 PTA: Parents－Teacher Association 2 Visits to children’s homes3 Visit on class 4 Parents and Teacher Meeting5 The Report Card6 Note for Communication Between

Teachers and Guardians7 School newsletter, Grade newsletter,

Class newsletter8 The School’s Home Page9 Utilizing Human Resources of

Community10 The Working Experience11 Community learning12 School Councilor13 The Opening Schools for the Public14 Complex Facilities15 Kodomo-kai (Children's Gathering)16 Local education liaison council17 110 Home for Children18 Education Costs Paid by Guardians

Composition(3)

45

Composition(4)Part 3

Ⅸ Japanese School life & Culture

・ School Events15 slides

1 (Items List)2 Entrance Ceremony3 Opening Ceremony4 Morning Assembly5 School Excursion6 Sports Day 17 Sports Day 28 Marathon Race9 Overnight Trip with

Outdoor Study10 School Trip 11 Medical Check-up12 Disaster Drill13 Music Festival14 Closing Ceremony 15 Graduation Ceremony

・ The Typical Day of a Teacher

13 slides

16 (Items list)17 Morning meeting18 Preparation for Class19 Teaching Classes20 Skills to Teach21 Recesses22 School Lunch 123 School Lunch 224 Cleaning Time25 Meeting before going

back home26 Teachers’ Room27 Teacher’s Desk in

Class28 Instructions to

Students

・ The Typical Day of a Student

15 slides

29 (Items List)30 Going to School in a

group31 Morning Meeting32 Class-based activities33 Before Class34 Class Hour35 Recesses 136 Recesses 237 Recesses 338 Playing39 Before & After Lunch40 Teachers’ Room41 Meeting before going

home42 Getting out of School43 After School

・ Japanese School Life29 slides

44 (Items List)45 Greeting46 Collective Discipline47 Name, Name Card48 Preparing & Clearing

up49 School Lunch Bag50 Recording51 Indoor Shoes52 Lunch Time 53 Cooperative Work

for School Lunch54 School Lunch Menu55 Cooperative Work

for Cleaning56 Places for Cleaning 57 Keeping Animals,

Growing Plants

58 Notice 159 Notice 260 Notice 361 Nurse’s Office62 Co-education63 Health Education64 Students’

Preferences65 Uniform66 School Emblem,

School Song67 Testimonial68 National Flag, Clock69 Memorial for

Graduation70 Assistant English

Teacher71 Notice 472 Teachers’ Study

Composition(4)

46

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In order to promote and sustain elementary secondary education within a developing country, preparation of educational management, educational system, social education teacher training, and other aspects. become requisites. Japan has accumulated much educational experience which can provide useful information for a developing country in contrast to the dominant flow of information that derives from educational cooperation among advanced nations. The interest regarding the Japanese educational model, which differs from European and American models, is very high in developing countries. However, Japan has not adequately responded to such needs until recently. It is useful to maintain and reconstruct the information about Japan's educational experience, and to prepare materials that can be shared with developing countries.

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48

Members of the editorial board(Members of the editorial board)

Supervisor：Mariko Sato

-Textbook-

EditorRyoichi Kamada &

Nobuhiko YanagibayashiPage layout

Yukiko Yamao

-Slides-

EditorRyoichi Kamada &

Nobuhiko Yanagibayashi

Slide layout: Ryoichi KamadaChart design: Nobuhiko Yanagibayashi

Documents research : Nobuhiko YanagibayashiPhotographs & Interview : Ryoichi Kamada / Atsuyoshi Hirata

Japanese Educational system and Practice

(A Core Center of the Cooperation Bases System Building Project for

International Cooperation in Educational Development Promoted by MEXT)

「Project to Organize Information on Educational Experiences from Japan

－ Focusing on Educational Management and Teachers’ Training －」

February 2006

Center for Research on International Cooperationin Educational Development

(CRICED)University of Tsukuba, JAPAN

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Japanese Educational system and Practice

Field(i) outline of japanese school system (slides)

Education

Transcript of Field(i) outline of japanese school system (slides)