Fiber Trends and Analysis of Connectivity Solutions for In-Building Fiber Optic Networks

Dave Cook, RCDD

Product Marketing ManagerCommunication Markets Division

Topics

• TIA Fiber Standards• Types of fibers and distances supported• New ITU GPON Standard• New ITU GPON Standard• Fiber in LAN Architectures• Pre-terminated fiber connectivity• Field-terminated fiber connector analysis• Resources

TIA-568-C Recognized Fibers and Supported Distancesand Supported Distances

Dispersion unshifted singlemode and low-water-

peak50/125 um62.5/125 umFiber Type

850 nm laser-optimized50/125

Application 850 1300 850 1300 850 1300 850 1300 1310 1490 1550

TIA 492CAAA (OS1)and

TIA 492CAAB (OS2)

peak

TIA 492AAAA(OM1)

TIA 492AAAB(OM2)

TIA 492AAAC(OM3)

TIA 492AAAD(OM4)

Fiber Standard(ISO Category)

Nominal Wavelength (nm)

Ethernet10/100BASE-SX

300(984)

- 300(984)

- 300(984)

- 300(984)

-

Ethernet1000BASE-LX

- 550(1804)

- 550(1804)

- 550(1804)

- 550(1804)

5,000(16405)

- -

GPON Cl B 20 000stan

ce m

(ft)

Wavelength (nm)

GPON Class B+(ITU-T G.984)

Ethernet10GBASE-S

33(108)

- 82(269)

- 300(984)

- 400(1312)

-

Ethernet10GBASE LX4

- 300(984)

- 300(984)

- 300(984)

- 300(984)

10,000(32810)

- -

20,000(65620)

Supp

orta

ble

Dis

Source TIA-568-C.0-2August 2012

10GBASE-LX4 (984) (984) (984) (984) (32810)

Network Fiber InfrastructureFiber and Copper Ethernet LAN FTTD Passive Optical LANFiber and Copper Ethernet LAN FTTD Passive Optical LAN

IC/FD with Splitters

Stacks of Ethernet Switches/Floor

Min 2x Copper Cat6/6a cables to each Outlet

minimal passive inter-connect or not needed

IC/FDDesktop ONTs Typical 4 GbE Ports

Splitter

IC/FD IC/FDTypical 4 GbE Ports

Duplex MM or SM Fiber Riser

Simplex Singlemode Fiber Riser

ICFDIC/FD

Simplex Singlemode Fiber Horizontal

WAN/Internet Core Router

ICFD

WAN/Internet

Core Router

Redundant Layer-3 Core

Redundant Layer-3 Core GPON OLTMC/BD MC/BD

Singlemode Fiber Types

• Low Water Peak SM Fiber ITU-T G.652Macrobend Loss G 652Macrobend Loss G.652

Radius 30 mm

Number of turns 100

Maximum at 1625 nm 0.1 dBMaximum at 1625 nm 0.1 dB

• Bend Insensitive SM Fiber ITU-T G.657A • Bend Insensitive SM Fiber ITU-T G.657B• Backward compatible with G.652

Macrobend Loss G.657.A1 G.657.A2

Radius 10 mm 7.5 mm

G.657.B1 G.657.B2

Radius 7.5 mm 5.0 mm

Number of turns 1 1

Maximum at 1625 nm 1.5 dB 1.0 dB

Number of turns 1 1

Maximum at 1625 nm 1.0 dB 0.45 dB

/• Fiber vendors do provide products that are G.657 A2/B2 compliant giving the advantages of lowest loss at tightest bend radius and backward compatibility

Fiber and Copper Relative Cable Bend, Size, and StrengthRelative Cable Bend, Size, and Strength

30Bend Radius (mm)Relative Comparison:

Cable Diameter (mm)Relative Comparison:

5.7 mm 7.5 mm

2530p

10 5

2.9 mm

p

CopperFiber

2.9 mm

Riser Rated cables Bend Insensitive SM Fiber Cable

Category 6 UTP

Category 6A UTP

10G Distance 40 km 45 m 100 m10G Distance 40 km 45 m 100 m

Cable Outer Diameter 2.0 or 2.9 mm 5.7 mm 7.5 mm

Weight 4 lb/1000ft 22 lb/1000ft 39 lb/1000ft

Minimum Bend R di

10 mm (down to 5 mm) 22.8 mm 30 mmRadius

Tensile Strength(Installation) At least 50 lbf 25 lbf 25 lbf

Why choose fiber for the LAN?• Superior Performance

– Greater bandwidth and distance. Environmentally Friendly

• Attenuates signal less; wastes less power

– No cross-talk, interference• Easier Installation

– Fiber easier to install – copper more complex

p• Manufactured with much less materials

...& its much smaller per capacity• Smaller size and lighter weight but

more capacity than copper cables– No shielding required for EMI and RFI – Fiber plant far easier to test and certify

• Pulling Tension – Copper cable has a 25-pound tension

48 Voice + 48 Data Copper Cables = 48 Usersmore capacity than copper cables

pp plimit. Fiber typically has a 50 to 100 lb tension.

• Unmatched Security– Harder to tap; not vulnerable to EMI– Inherently safer at keeping information

secure• Easier to Upgrade

– Future-ready; SM last 5-7 generations of l i

12 strands fiber = >1500 Userselectronics 12 strands X 32 = 384 ONT Drops

4 ports per ONT(voice, video, and data)

In-Building Fiber Deployment Trends

• Bandwidth over Distance• Bandwidth over Distance• Move towards Singlemode fiber • Newer fibers with lower loss in tighter bends• Environmental concerns for renewable materials

and fire loading• GPON deployment – Now for SM Fiber to the DeskGPON deployment Now for SM Fiber to the Desk

What is GPON ?• GPON - Gigabit Passive Optical Network

G 98 G O h l• Mature ITU T G.984 GPON access technology (ratified 2003)

Globally GPON is deployed by carriers in OSP for FTTH to– Globally, GPON is deployed by carriers in OSP for FTTH to millions and growing

– Provides converged services (IP Ethernet data, analog g ( gvoice/VoIP, RF video/IPTV)

– Optimized Layer 2 Ethernet switching• Greater performance versus traditional switched

Ethernet networks

• More vendors have developed optimized platforms• More vendors have developed optimized platforms – Tellabs, Motorola, Zhone, Alcatel Lucent

What is POL (or OLAN)?

• POL – Passive Optical LAN (or OLAN – Optical LAN)p ( p )• In 2009, GPON platform is optimized for Enterprise LAN

features – Distributed Ethernet Bridging implemented for efficient user-to-user

communications– Powerful VLAN architecture supports converged end-user environmentPowerful VLAN architecture supports converged end user environment– Advanced security at edge like Port Access Control and Access Control

Lists– Advanced authentication for critical data applications– Advanced authentication for critical data applications– Broad portfolio of desktop and communication closet indoor ONTs

Passive Optical LAN Network Architecture Overview

Optical Distribution Network (ODN)• Passive from OLT to ONT (no powered components in between) • Single fiber, multiple wavelengths for transmit & receive

The Optical Line Terminal (OLT)• Acts as the central aggregation element

• Located in the MDF / Data Center• 1490nm 2.48 Gbps downstream /1310nm 1.24 Gbps upstream• Replaces multiple L2 switches in TRs

20 km reach

Passive Optical Splitter Optical Network Terminals (ONTs)• Passively splits OLT signal on a single fiber typically 1:16 or 1:32 ONTs

• Placed anywhere: Rackmount, wallmount, ceiling, floor• Can be located indoor/outdoor, in TR, in work area

• Active end device; terminates the fiber at work area• Converged Voice, Video, Data all types• End services typically delivered over Cat 6 patch cord

Common POL Configurations – A & B

PASSIVE OPTICAL SPLITTERS IN TELECOM ROOM

– for traditional PC, VoIP

phone, printer

Cat 6 cords

Interconnect solution – Splitters direct to horizontal.

Wall outlet SC/APC

Optional

ONT

ONT

A Optical splitter(s)

Singlemode Fiber Horizontalhierarchical star

cablingTelecom Room (TR)/Closet

printer, WAP, etc.

Any device with

Ethernet

Cross connect option– added patch panel to horizontal

OptionalCross-connect

ONT

ONT

Fiber patchcords

BOptical splitter(s)

g

Ethernet port

Floors 1-nTelecom Enclosure

PASSIVE OPTICAL SPLITTERS IN ZONE AREA

– wallmount, ceiling, or floor enclosure.

Sing

lem

ode

ber B

ackb

one ONT

Optical Network Terminals (ONT) Workgroup Switch

B

Fiber patch panels –OLT to Backbone

Configuration A – Telecom Room StarOptional

S

Fib

Optical Line Terminal (OLT)

Configuration B – Zone Distributors

OLT

OptionalCross-connect

Cross-connect option

Terminal (OLT) Ethernet Aggregation Switch

Main Equip.Room (ER)

MC

GPON in a Campus Environment- Savings increase with larger scale networksg g

ONT SFUs / SOHOs

ONTMDU

Community Center

Arts & Sciences

MDUONTSFU

On Campus Houses

IT Operations

ONT w GEsVDSL/Enet

Operations

ONT MDUOLT Switch

Radio

ONT MDU

DormitoriesONT SOHO

Radio Station

ONT WGT

Building Owner AdvantagesArchitectural ConsiderationsArchitectural Considerations

• New building construction/architecture– Freedom offered by distance of singlemode fiber– Less space and cabling materials required

Less in cabling support systems (ladder rack)– Less in cabling support systems (ladder rack)– Less fire load– Less distributor/telecom room spacing (sqft) required

• Less floor distributor HVAC, UPS, copper patch panels, support systems, etc.

– Consolidation of systems supporting converged servicesy pp g g– Consolidation of multiple cabling infrastructures all over

one singlemode fiber

GREEN Buildings

• LEED® - Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED®) rating system by the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC)

• STEP - Sustainable Technology Environments ProgramSTEP Sustainable Technology Environments Program– Ratings plan that will bring sustainability to technology systems– TIA TR-42.10 Standard for Sustainable Information Communications

Technology (in Draft)Technology (in Draft)– Key goals of STEP include:

– Minimize energy, Reduce waste, Optimizing infrastructure d i P id l bili & R d i i ldesign, Provide scalability, & Reduce construction materials

Passive Optical LAN TIA Design RequirementsTIA Design Requirements

TIA-568-C.0 Generic Telecommunications Cabling

• Singlemode for the backbone or horizontal cabling subsystems• Requires generic structured cabling to be installed in a q g g

hierarchical star• Splitters allowed in various distributor spaces

• Allows flexibility of putting the splitters in a distributor room or a distributor enclosure (zone area)

• Two fiber or higher count to each work area recommendedTwo fiber or higher count to each work area recommended• Although only one fiber needed for POLS, two can be installed

for growth/spare

ANSI/TIA-568-C.0-2-2012 Generic Telecommunications Cabling for Customer Premises-Addendum 2,

General Updates published August 2012General Updates, published August 2012

• Adds support for POLSl ifi d fi i i f h li (k ) d– Clarifies definition of the splitter (key POLS component) and

where it is included (in the Channel, not Link) for attenuation

– PON technologies added to singlemode fiber application tables (provides guidelines for PON application support over distances)distances)

• Why is this important?Provides industry recognized generic cabling guidelines to– Provides industry-recognized generic cabling guidelines to support POLS applications

– Some premises cabling manufacturers warranty the end-to-end system in compliance to industry standards

Passive Optical LAN TIA Design Requirements

Si l d fib

TIA-568-C.3 Optical Fiber Cabling Components Standard C t P f

TIA Design Requirements

Singlemode fiber• Attenuation

–Indoor/Outdoor, Outdoor < .5 dB/km

Connector Performance• Attenuation (insertion loss)

– Fiber connectors < .7 dB–Indoor < 1.0 dB/km

• Inside plant–Pull strength 50 lbf min

– Fiber splices < .3 dB• Return Loss

– 26 dB, 55 dB analog video–Bend radius (<= 4 fibers 1 inch, 2

inches under load) (> 4 fibers 10x outer dia., 20x outer dia. under load)

• Other: temperature, humidity, impact, coupling strength, ….

Enhanced products offered from manufacturers today -• Singlemode bend insensitive fiber:

• 5mm bend radius (G 657 B3) indoor/outdoor fiber attenuation < 4 dB/km• 5mm bend radius (G.657.B3) , indoor/outdoor fiber attenuation < .4 dB/km • Easy installable mechanical connectivity:

• Connectors IL < .2 dB typical & RL <60 dB; Splices < .1 dB typical

Fiber Connectivity ChoicesFuse-on Connectivity Pre-term Assemblies Mechanical

Connectivity

Tooling investment High None Very Low

Labor Cost/ Skill Level

High Very Low Low

Parts Costs Medium Higher Cost Medium

Inventory Costs Low – Connector parts High-

Multiple assembly lengthsLow – Connector parts

Cable Management Custom length Extra slack storage Custom length

Maintenance Costs High – labor, tooling Replace – time and money if any part is damaged

Very low; & 100% yield possible

Work environment Affected by humidity & dust / power required Any environment

Any environmentNon-powered

Pre-terminated Cable Assemblies

FEATURESV i l th il blo Various lengths available

o Factory terminated connectors without splicing

o Usually include pulling eye ando Usually include pulling eye and protection sock

o Multi-fiber backbone cable

ADVANTAGESo Factory built and testedo Factory test results includedyo No field tools requiredo Minimal training / skillo Efficient installation

Pre-terminated Multi-fiber Backbone Telecom Room/ClosetRack panel, rack- or wall-mount enclosure

Z

• Trunks used for backbonei b lli & i

Equipment RoomRack panel rack or

Zone area enclosure

Floor 1

Floor n MPO Trunks• Saves time by pulling & connecting

multiple fibers at once.• Plug together efficient installation

Use MPO-MPO trunk with

Rack panel, rack- or wall-mount enclosure

g g

Use MPO-MPO trunk with fan-out modules at both ends

Use MPO-SCAPC trunk with fan-out module on only one end

MPO – Multi-fiber Push On Connector

Typical Connector TypesField TerminationField Termination

• SC connector, 2.5mm ceramic ferrule, push/pullLC t 1 25 i f l h/l t h

UPC end face

• LC connector, 1.25mm ceramic ferrule, push/latch– ½ size of SC for greater density

• UPC – Ultra Physical Contact < -55dB reflection APC end face

• APC – Angle Physical Contact < -65dB reflection

Field Termination process by design

• Adhesive Polish

SC / UPC

• No Polish Mechanical Splice-on

• No Polish Fusion Splice-on SC / APCLC / UPC• Cleave and Crimp-on

LC / UPC

Technical Choices of Connector Types

• SC Fusion Splice-On

Factory cleaved fiber

S li t ti l

Yarn and / or cable strain relief

Fi ld bl ith t i d dSplice protection sleeve Field cable with stripped and cleaved fiber

Fusion splice point Strain relief bootPre-polished ferrule and fiber

Technical Choices of Connector Types

• SC Mechanical Crimp - On

M h i l i i l t Fi ld bl ith t i d d

Press button by thumb

Mechanical gripping element Field cable with stripped and cleaved fiber

Press button by thumbto activate splice

No spliceNo adhesive Strain relief boot

Fast field finishNo adhesive

Buffer Clamp

Technical Choices of Connector Types

• SC Mechanical Splice-On

Factory cleaved fiber

M h i l li l t

Yarn and / or cable strain relief

Fi ld bl ith t i d d

Press button by thumb

Mechanical splice element Field cable with stripped and cleaved fiber

Grip cable jacket with screw on, hard

h ll b t

Press button by thumbto activate splice

Mechanical splice point Strain relief bootshell boot

Pre-polished ferrule and fiber Buffer Clamp

Grip aramid fiberin boot threads

Field Termination – Time to Connect

Common POL Configurations – A & B

PASSIVE OPTICAL SPLITTERS IN TELECOM ROOM

– for traditional PC, VoIP

phone, printer

Cat 6 cords

Interconnect solution – Splitters direct to horizontal.

Wall outlet SC/APC

Optional

ONT

ONT

A Optical splitter(s)

Singlemode Fiber Horizontalhierarchical star

cablingTelecom Room (TR)/Closet

printer, WAP, etc.

Any device with

Ethernet

Cross connect option– added patch panel to horizontal

OptionalCross-connect

ONT

ONT

Fiber patchcords

BOptical splitter(s)

g

Ethernet port

Floors 1-nTelecom Enclosure

PASSIVE OPTICAL SPLITTERS IN ZONE AREA

– wallmount, ceiling, or floor enclosure.

Sing

lem

ode

ber B

ackb

one ONT

Optical Network Terminals (ONT) Workgroup Switch

B

Fiber patch panels –OLT to Backbone

Configuration A – Telecom Room StarOptional

S

Fib

Optical Line Terminal (OLT)

Configuration B – Zone Distributors

OLT

OptionalCross-connect

Cross-connect option

Terminal (OLT) Ethernet Aggregation Switch

Main Equip.Room (ER)

MC

In Depth Financial Analysis

Total Upfront Expenditures

• Training is zero for pre-term highest Upfront p gfor fusion

• Inventory is cost f it l hi h i

Upfront Training

On-hand of capital, high in pre-term

• Capital equipment

On-hand Inventory RequirementTotal Capital p q p

highest for fusion

Pre-terminated Fuse-on Mechanical

Total Capital Equipment

Pre terminated Solution #1

Fuse on Connectors Solution #2

Mechanical Connectors Solution #3

In Depth Financial Analysis

Total Installed Cost Comparison per 200' Fiber Assembly

• Pre-term has highest cost of

Assembly

S / t t gmaterials with lowest labor

Scrap/waste cost per dropLabor Total

Bulk Fiber Cable CostField Terminated

d h l

Connector CostPre-terminated Cable Cost

Pre-terminated Solution #1*

Fuse-on Connectors Solution #2

Mechanical Connectors Solution #3

Summary and Resources• Singlemode fibers are now moving into the LAN space for Fiber to the

Desk applications.• The latest Bend-Insensitive fibers provide low loss in tight building spaces.• Connector choices for structured cabling deployment offer easy and fast

installations, in pre-terminated assemblies or easy and fast field , p yterminations similar to RJ45 cabling.

• GPON technology takes advantage of the highest bandwidth over distance of singlemode fiber, and draws from the ease of installation of the latest in g ,fiber connectivity.

• Resources– FOTC – Fiber Optic Tech ConsortiumFOTC Fiber Optic Tech Consortium

• http://fols.tiaonline.org– APOLAN – Association of Passive Optical LAN

• http://www apolanglobal org• http://www.apolanglobal.org