Fiber Optic Connectors, Designs, Applications, Choices

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Fiber Optic Connectors Designs, Applications, Choices November 21, 2013 Dave Cook – RCDD Product Marketing Manager Communication Markets Division

Transcript of Fiber Optic Connectors, Designs, Applications, Choices

Page 1: Fiber Optic Connectors, Designs, Applications, Choices

Fiber Optic ConnectorsDesigns, Applications, Choices

November 21, 2013

Dave Cook – RCDD

Product Marketing Manager Communication Markets Division

Page 2: Fiber Optic Connectors, Designs, Applications, Choices

TIA Fiber Optics Technology Consortium

Fiber Optics Technology Consortium• Overview:

• Part of the Telecommunications Industry Association (www.tiaonline.org)

• Formed 19 years ago as the Fiber Optics LAN Section

• Mission: to provide current, reliable, and vendor neutral information about fiber optics and related technologies for advancing new and better communications solutions.

www.tiafotc.org

Page 3: Fiber Optic Connectors, Designs, Applications, Choices

TIA Fiber Optics Technology Consortium

Fiber Optics Technology ConsortiumCurrent Members

• 3M• AFL/Noyes Fiber Systems• Berk-Tek, a Nexans

Company• Corning• CommScope• Fluke Networks• General Cable

• Leviton• OFS• Ortronics/legrand• Panduit• Sumitomo Electric

Lightwave• Superior Essex• TE Connectivity• Tellabs

www.tiafotc.org

Page 4: Fiber Optic Connectors, Designs, Applications, Choices

TIA Fiber Optics Technology Consortium

Fiber Optics Technology Consortium

• Recent Webinars Available on Demand– Standards-based design & testing of Passive Optical LAN Solutions– The Future VSCEL-LOMMF landscape in data centers– Optical Fiber & Cabling Standards for tomorrow’s data center

• Visit www.tiafotc.org or our channel on BrightTalk

Webinars are eligible for CEC credit for up to two years after they are first broadcast. Email [email protected] if you have completed a webinar and want to receive your CEC.

www.tiafotc.org

Page 5: Fiber Optic Connectors, Designs, Applications, Choices

TIA Fiber Optics Technology Consortium

Outline of Topics• Introduction • Intro to optical fiber construction• Parameters of a clear fiber connection• Methods to achieve an acceptable fiber end face • Alphabet Soup, the popular connectors used in the US• Methods of termination• The tools and training required• Testing and acceptance of the connector• Summary

www.tiafotc.org

Page 6: Fiber Optic Connectors, Designs, Applications, Choices

TIA Fiber Optics Technology Consortium

Core900 micronTight Buffered Fiber

Introduction to Optical Fiber Construction• Light transmits down the core, within the cladding• Fibers are protected by a primary coating• Cable protects the fiber with buffer, aramid yarn and jacketing

www.tiafotc.org

CORE / CLADDING (microns)

62.5 / 125 50 / 125 50 / 125 Laser-optimized

9 / 125

Multimode

Singlemode

Fiber

Buffer

Yarn

Jacket

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TIA Fiber Optics Technology Consortiumwww.tiafotc.org

TIA-568-C Recognized Fibers and Supported Distances

Source TIA-568-C.0-2August 2012

Application 850 1300 850 1300 850 1300 850 1300 1310 1490 1550

Ethernet10/100BASE-SX

300(984)

- 300(984)

- 300(984)

- 300(984)

-

Ethernet1000BASE-LX

- 550(1804)

- 550(1804)

- 550(1804)

- 550(1804)

5,000(16405)

- -

GPON Class B+(ITU-T G.984)

Ethernet10GBASE-S

33(108)

- 82(269)

- 300(984)

- 400(1312)

-

Ethernet10GBASE-LX4

-300

(984)-

300(984)

-300

(984)-

300(984)

10,000(32810)

- -

TIA 492CAAA (OS1)and

TIA 492CAAB (OS2)

20,000(65620)

Dispersion unshifted singlemode and low-water-

peak50/125 um62.5/125 um

TIA 492AAAA(OM1)

TIA 492AAAB(OM2)

TIA 492AAAC(OM3)

TIA 492AAAD(OM4)

Supp

orta

ble

Dist

ance

m (ft

)Fiber Type

Fiber Standard(ISO Category)

Nominal Wavelength (nm)

850 nm laser-optimized50/125

Page 8: Fiber Optic Connectors, Designs, Applications, Choices

TIA Fiber Optics Technology Consortium

Parameters of a clear fiber connection• The optical fiber end face finish• Impediments to clear light transmission

– Fiber alignment is most critical– Air gap results in a 0.35 dB loss at least, growing worse from there

www.tiafotc.org

/ CRACK

Issues affecting splice performance Issues affecting connector performance

Page 9: Fiber Optic Connectors, Designs, Applications, Choices

TIA Fiber Optics Technology Consortium

Methods to Achieve Acceptable Fiber End Face

• Optical fiber cleaving (splice)• Optical fiber polishing (connector)• End face finishes

– Physical Contact (PC)– Ultra Physical Contact (UPC)– 8 Angled Physical Contact (APC)

www.tiafotc.org

UPC end face

APC end face

CleaverField Polish Factory Machine Polish

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TIA Fiber Optics Technology Consortium

Connector Ferrule and Fiber End-Face Geometry

• Geometry is critical to the fiber to fiber connector interface

• Connector spring force with proper geometry provides optical contact

• Assures contact in extreme conditions, -40C to +85C

• Geometry of ferrule is factory produced

www.tiafotc.org

End-Face Dome

Ferrule

Undercut FiberProtruding Fiber

Apex Offset

Radius

Fiber Center

Dome Center

Page 11: Fiber Optic Connectors, Designs, Applications, Choices

Main Components in Connector Anatomy

Ferrule

Ferrule / Collar Assembly

Yarn and / or cable strain relief

Strain relief boot

Fiber capillary

Connector Body

Outer Coupling Shell

• Ferrule to Ferrule connection for low loss fiber alignment. Support of fiber for end face finishing.• Connector body materials chosen for stable temperature performance• Body and Coupling shell provides robust connection to equipment and coupling/adapter• Cable strain relief for robust cable tensile load, and twist resistance• Strain relief boot for side pull bend control• Consider size and type of cable to be terminated to chose proper part number

– 900 um Buffered, 1.6 mm to 3.0 mm jacketed with Aramid Yarn

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Connector Performance RequirementsANSI/TIA-568-C.3

• Attenuation (Light Loss)– Multimode and Singlemode maximum 0.75 dB

• Return Loss (Reflection)– Multimode minimum 20 dB– Singlemode minimum 26 dB– Singlemode broadband analog video minimum 55 dB

• Low Temperature -10 C (14 F)• Temperature Life +60 C (140 F)• Humidity• Impact• Strength of coupling mechanism• Durability• Cable Retention• Flex• Twist

Fiber to Fiber End Face Alignment

Ferrule

Ferrule / Collar Assembly

Yarn and / or cable strain relief

Strain relief boot

Fiber capillary

Connector Body

Outer Coupling Shell

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TIA Fiber Optics Technology Consortiumwww.tiafotc.org

Typical Connector Types Field Termination• ST connector, 2.5mm ceramic ferrule, bayonet• SC connector, 2.5mm ceramic ferrule, push/pull• LC connector, 1.25mm ceramic ferrule, push/latch

– ½ size of SC for greater density

• MPO connector, rectangular ferrule for typ. 12/24 fibers, push/pull• UPC – Ultra Physical Contact < -55dB reflection• APC – Angle Physical Contact < -65dB reflection

SC / UPC

SC / APCLC / UPC

ST

MPO

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TIA Fiber Optics Technology Consortium

Methods of Field Termination

• Adhesive polish• Fusion splice-on• Mechanical splice-on• Cleave and Crimp

www.tiafotc.org

Page 15: Fiber Optic Connectors, Designs, Applications, Choices

Connector Termination Methods

• SC Adhesive and Polish

• Two part Epoxy injected with syringe• Hot Melt adhesive factory injected• Two part Anaerobic adhesive

Press button by thumbto activate splice

Figure-eight Polish

Adhesive Strain relief boot

Cable Crimp

Field cable with stripped and cleaved fiber

Ceramic Ferrule and Collar

Adhesive bead

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• SC Fusion Splice-On

AFL FuseConnectCleaver

Connector Termination Methods

Pre-polished ferrule and fiber

Factory cleaved fiber

Splice protection sleeve

Fusion splice point

Yarn and / or cable strain relief

Field cable with stripped and cleaved fiber

Strain relief boot

Page 17: Fiber Optic Connectors, Designs, Applications, Choices

Grip cable jacket with screw on, hard

shell boot

• SC Mechanical Splice-On

Grip aramid fiberin boot threads

Press button by thumbto activate splice

Connector Termination Methods

Pre-polished ferrule and fiber

Factory cleaved fiber

Mechanical splice element

Mechanical splice point

Yarn and / or cable strain relief

Strain relief bootBuffer Clamp

Field cable with stripped and cleaved fiber

Page 18: Fiber Optic Connectors, Designs, Applications, Choices

• SC Mechanical Crimp - On

Cleaver

Connector Termination Methods

Fast field finish

Mechanical gripping element

No spliceNo adhesive

Strain relief boot

Buffer Clamp

Field cable with stripped and cleaved fiber

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TIA Fiber Optics Technology Consortium

The Tools and Training Required• Connector tool kits

– Most often kits are specific to the vendor’s connector products– Usually contain common fiber prep tools and vendor specific tools

www.tiafotc.org

Page 20: Fiber Optic Connectors, Designs, Applications, Choices

The Tools and Training Required• Termination training

– Read and follow the instruction manual– Many times different vendors have similar processes but likely also

have differences

• Training– FOTC Seminar– BICSI Cert. Trainers– Independent Schools– Vendors– On-line videos

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TIA Fiber Optics Technology Consortium

MPO Connectors

o Multimode and Singlemodeo Multi-fiber backbone cable o Data Centero Parallel Optics

o 10 G Fibre Channelo 40 G and 100 G IEEE standard

www.tiafotc.org

FerruleBoot KeyAlignment Pins

Adapter Sleeve 12 Fiber End Face

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TIA Fiber Optics Technology Consortium

TIA568-C.3 StandardsMPO Polarity

Patch cords shown are unpinned on both ends

www.tiafotc.org

Key Up

Key UpKey Up

Key Up

Key Down

Key Down

Fiber Position Fiber Position

112

112

112

112

112

Type A

Type B

Type C214365871091211

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Pre-terminated Cable Assemblies

ADVANTAGESo Factory built and testedo Factory test results includedo No field tools requiredo Minimal training / skillo Efficient installation

FEATURESo Various lengths availableo Factory terminated without splicingo Usually include pulling eye and

protection sock over connectorso Multi-fiber backbone cable, Data Centero Parallel Optics

o 10 G Fibre Channelo 40 G and 100 G IEEE standard

MPO to SC/APC MPO to MPO

Page 24: Fiber Optic Connectors, Designs, Applications, Choices

TIA Fiber Optics Technology Consortium

Clean and Inspect

• Cleaning kits with specialized fluids and wipes

• Inspection scopes• Always before testing and

connecting

www.tiafotc.org

www.TIAFOTC.org Preventing Network Failure by Inspecting and Cleaning Fiber Optic Connectors

Page 25: Fiber Optic Connectors, Designs, Applications, Choices

TIA Fiber Optics Technology Consortium

Testing and Acceptance of the Connector

• OLTS – Optical Loss Test Set– Measure attenuation (light loss)

• OTDR – Optical Time Domain Reflectometer– Measure distance, attenuation and return loss of fiber

events (connectors and splices)

www.tiafotc.org

www.TIAFOTC.org Tier 1 and Tier 2 Testing, Troubleshooting and Documentation

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TIA Fiber Optics Technology Consortium

Testing and Acceptance of the Connector

www.tiafotc.org

TIA Accepted Performance Vendors Typical Performance

Attenuation (Light Loss)

Multimode Max 0.75 dB 0.20 to 0.30 dB

Singlemode Max 0.75 dB 0.20 to 0.30 dB

Return Loss (Reflection)

Multimode Min 20.0 dB 30.0 dB

Singlemode Min

PC

Field Mount PC 26.0 dB 40.0 to 55.0 dB

Factory UPC 26.0 dB 55.0 dB

APC

Field Mount APC 26.0 dB 55.0 to 65.0 dB

Factory APC 26.0 dB 65.0 dB

Page 27: Fiber Optic Connectors, Designs, Applications, Choices

TIA Fiber Optics Technology Consortium

Summary• Choose the connector ST, SC, LC, MPO• Singlemode or Multimode

– Multimode 62.5, 50, 50 laser optimized• Termination Method and Tools

– Adhesive, Splice-on, Crimp-on• Pre-terminated (factory termination)• TIA -568-C.3 performance compliance• Clean, Clean, Clean• Testwww.tiafotc.org

Dave Cook Communication Markets [email protected]

Page 28: Fiber Optic Connectors, Designs, Applications, Choices

TIA Fiber Optics Technology Consortium

Q&A

• Please ask your questions using the tab at the top of your screen.

• You can download a copy of this presentation from the attachments tab.

To receive your CEC, please email [email protected]

www.tiafotc.org